EnvironmentalBiotechnology知到智慧樹章節測試課后答案2024年秋哈爾濱工業大學緒論單元測試

Whichofthefollowingsayingarecorrect（

）.

A:Molecularbiologyisthesubstitutefortraditionalmethodsinexploringmicrobialcommunities.B:Microbiologicaltreatmenttechnologiesdevelopedatthebeginningofthe20thcentury,suchasactivatedsludgeandanaerobicdigestion,remainmainstaystoday.C:

Empiricismisveryimportantinenvironmentalbiotechnologybesidestheprinciplesofmicrobiologyandengineering.D:Quantificationanalysismakesprocessesreliableandcost-effective.

答案:Microbiologicaltreatmenttechnologiesdevelopedatthebeginningofthe20thcentury,suchasactivatedsludgeandanaerobicdigestion,remainmainstaystoday.；

Empiricismisveryimportantinenvironmentalbiotechnologybesidestheprinciplesofmicrobiologyandengineering.；Quantificationanalysismakesprocessesreliableandcost-effective.

第一章單元測試

Thebasicreactionsinvolvedinbacterialgrowth,including（）.

A:fermentationreactions

B:energy-producingreactions

C:energy-consumingreactions

D:cellsynthesisreactions

答案:energy-producingreactions

；cellsynthesisreactions

Inmicrobialmetabolism,NO3-andSO42-canbeusedaselectronacceptorsin（）.

A:theabsenceofenzymes

B:theabsenceofATP

C:inthepresenceofcytochromes

D:theabsenceofoxygen

答案:theabsenceofoxygen

fs0+fe0=（

）.

A:0.9

B:2

C:1

D:1.1

答案:1

Theamountofdonorusedforenergyproductionforcellssynthesisrelatedtobothenergyrequiredforcellsynthesisandenergyreleasedfromdonoroxidation.()

A:對B:錯

答案:對ThenetyieldYnwillsometimesequalstotrueyieldY.()

A:錯B:對

答案:錯

第二章單元測試

Whichofthefollowingistherightdefinitionof‘safetyfactor’inengineering?（）

A:

θx/θxminB:θx/[θxmin]limC:S0/SminD:θxmin/θx

答案:

θx/θxminThedecayofactivebiomassisafirst-orderfunction,includingthefractionfortruerespirationandforinert.()

A:對B:錯

答案:對Solidsretentiontimeorsludgeageisthereciprocalofthenetspecificgrowthrate.()

A:錯B:對

答案:對UAPisbiodegradedconsiderablyfasterthanisBAP.()

A:錯B:對

答案:對Thetrueyieldcannotbeestimatedfromexperiments.()

A:對B:錯

答案:錯

第三章單元測試

Theidealizedbiofilmhavingthefollowingpropertiesexcept().

A:Mass-transportresistanceisnotimportanttothebiofilm.

B:AneffectivediffusionlayerofthicknessLrepresentsexternalmass-transportresistance.

C:HasalocallyuniformthicknessofLf.

D:Thebiofilmhasauniformbiomassdensity.

答案:Mass-transportresistanceisnotimportanttothebiofilm.

Thefollowingdescriptionofthefundamental“law”ofthesteady-statebiofilmiscorrect.()

A:Thegrowthofnewbiomassperunitareaperhour(YJ

T)isjustbalancedbythelosses.B:Thegrowthofnewbiomass(YJ

)isjustbalancedbythelossesperunitareab’XfLf.C:Thegrowthofnewbiomassperunitareaperhour(YJ

T)isjustbalancedbythelossesperunitareab’XfLf.D:Thegrowthofnewbiomassperunitarea(YJ

)isjustbalancedbythelossesperunitarea

b’XfLf.

答案:Thegrowthofnewbiomassperunitarea(YJ

)isjustbalancedbythelossesperunitarea

b’XfLf.Themodelofasteady-statebiofilmrequiressimultaneoussolutionof().

A:mass-balanceforactivebiomassinthebiofilm

B:mass-balanceforsubstrateinthebiofilm.

C:mass-balanceforsubstratetransporttothebiofilm.

D:boundaryandcontinuityconditions.

答案:mass-balanceforactivebiomassinthebiofilm

；mass-balanceforsubstrateinthebiofilm.

；mass-balanceforsubstratetransporttothebiofilm.

；boundaryandcontinuityconditions.

Thefollowingfiguresshowsthat().

A:Jand

XfLf

increasesverysharplyasSincreasesslightlyaboveSmin.B:AtsomevalueofS>Smin,theslopeofJversusSdeclinesfromnearinfinityandapproaches1.0.C:ForverylargeS,theslopeofJversusSdeclinesgraduallyandeventuallyapproachesthelimitingcaseofone-half-orderkinetics,orJ=k1/2S1/2

.D:ForSlargeenough,J(andXfLf)increasesforlargerS,becausethesubstrateconcentrationsinsidethebiofilmriseinresponsetoahigherS.

答案:Jand

XfLf

increasesverysharplyasSincreasesslightlyaboveSmin.；AtsomevalueofS>Smin,theslopeofJversusSdeclinesfromnearinfinityandapproaches1.0.；ForverylargeS,theslopeofJversusSdeclinesgraduallyandeventuallyapproachesthelimitingcaseofone-half-orderkinetics,orJ=k1/2S1/2

.；ForSlargeenough,J(andXfLf)increasesforlargerS,becausethesubstrateconcentrationsinsidethebiofilmriseinresponsetoahigherS.Theresultofmass-transportresistanceisthatthesubstrateconcentrationsatanypositioninthebiofilmusuallyarelowerthaninthebulkliquid.()

A:錯B:對

答案:對Twobiofilmshavingthesamephysicalthickness,shouldhavesimilarvalues.()

A:錯B:對

答案:錯Thefundamentalunderstandingofasteady-statebiofilmisthatthebiomassperunitsurfacearea(XfLf)isconstantintime,andthebiomassatanyonelocationisatsteadystate.

A:錯B:對

答案:錯S*min

represents

thegrowthpotentialinthesteady-state-biofilmmodel,andS*min

muchlessthan1.0indicatesthenetpositivegrowthismuchgreaterthantheloss.(

)

A:對B:錯

答案:對K*comparesexternalmasstransporttothemaximumutilizationrate.K*lessthan1meansthatthesubstrateutilizationiscontrolledbyexternalmasstransport.()

A:對B:錯

答案:對Fordeepbiofilm,ithasthemaximumfluxintothebiofilm.()

A:錯B:對

答案:對

第四章單元測試

Whichofthefollowingshouldbebalancedinamodel?()

A:charges

B:componentsinmole/L

C:elements

D:COD

答案:charges

；elements

；COD

Anabolismisrelatedtotherateofsubstrateuptakebyayield.()

A:對B:錯

答案:對NitriteisincludedinASM1.()

A:對B:錯

答案:錯Hydrolysisisusuallysimulatedviafirstorderkinetic.()

A:錯B:對

答案:對BothanoxicandaerobicgrowthofheterotrophsareconsideredinASM1.()

A:對B:錯

答案:對

第五章單元測試

Secondaryconsumersintheactivatedsludgesysteminclude:().

A:predators

B:prokaryotes

C:heterotrophicbacteria

D:chemolithotrophicbacteria

答案:predators

；prokaryotes

；chemolithotrophicbacteria

Whichoneofthefollowingisthemostpopularreactorconfigurationsbeingusedinwastewatertreatmentthesedays().

A:Completelymixed

B:ConventionalAeration

C:Stepaeration

D:ModifiedAeration

答案:Completelymixed

TheconventionalactivatedsludgesystemcouldremoveBOD5andsuspendedsolids(SS)by()percentormoreformunicipalsewagetreatment.

A:80

B:75

C:85

D:90

答案:85

Foraconventionaldesignfortheactivatedsludgetreatmentofdomesticsewage,theF/Mratiosuggestedis0.25to0.5kgBOD5perdayperkgMLSS.（）

A:錯B:對

答案:對Inmostsituations,theelectrondonor,ortheBOD,isratelimitingformicroorganismreproductionandgrowth.（）

A:對B:錯

答案:對

第六章單元測試

Whatisthepurposeoftheeffluentrecyclelineintwo-phasesystemoffluidized-bed?()

A:controltheBODloadingininfluent

B:increasethebedturbulence

C:controltheupwardflowvelocity

D:supportoxygenbyoxygenatorsystem

答案:controltheupwardflowvelocity

；supportoxygenbyoxygenatorsystem

Inbiologicalcontactors(RBC),thepercentsubmergenceistoohighandmightleadto().

A:odor

B:oxygendeficit

C:highersuspendsludge

D:lowerCODineffluent

答案:odor

；oxygendeficit

；highersuspendsludge

Themicrobialpopulationinbiofilmandactivatedsludgearedifferentinspeciesowingtothedifferencesinthemicroorganismaccumulatedformation,althoughtherearesameelectrondonorsandacceptors.()

A:錯B:對

答案:對Thechangingofinfluent(Q)isusuallycontrolledtochangthesurfaceloadingoftricklingfiltersandbiologicaltower.()

A:錯B:對

答案:錯Themediumwillnotmoveextensivelywhenitisuniforminfluidized-bedreactor.()

A:錯B:對

答案:錯

第七章單元測試

Advantagesofanaerobictreatmentinclude().

A:Highremovalefficiencywithdilutewastes.

B:Lowproductionofwastebiologicalsolids.

C:Produceusefulendproducts.

D:Highorganicloadingispossible.

答案:Lowproductionofwastebiologicalsolids.

；Produceusefulendproducts.

；Highorganicloadingispossible.

Thesuccessfulstart-upandoperationofananaerobicsystemrequires:().

A:Bringthesystemtotemperature.

B:AddbufferingmaterialintheformofchemicaltoprotectagainstpHdrop.

C:Beginwithasmuchgoodanaerobicseedaspossible.

D:Fillthedigesterwithseedandwater.

答案:Bringthesystemtotemperature.

；AddbufferingmaterialintheformofchemicaltoprotectagainstpHdrop.

；Beginwithasmuchgoodanaerobicseedaspossible.

；Fillthedigesterwithseedandwater.

Possiblemethodstocontroltoxicityinanaerobictreatments:().

A:MaintainingalowerpHcanreduceammoniatoxicity.

B:Thetoxicityoflong-chainfattyacidscanbereducedbycalcium.

C:Thetoxicityofsulfidecanbereducedbygasstrippingfromthereactor.

D:Thetoxicityofsomeheavymetalscanberemovedbyadditionofsulfide.

答案:MaintainingalowerpHcanreduceammoniatoxicity.

；Thetoxicityoflong-chainfattyacidscanbereducedbycalcium.

；Thetoxicityofsulfidecanbereducedbygasstrippingfromthereactor.

；Thetoxicityofsomeheavymetalscanberemovedbyadditionofsulfide.

Whichofthefollowingstatementsisfalseaboutthecharacteristicsofbaffledreactor:().

A:Designloadingtypicallyisintherangeof4to15kgCOD/m3-d.

B:Arecyclelinecanbeaddedtoremovebiosolidsfromthelastchamberandreturnthemtothefirst.

C:OvercomethebiosolidslossfromtheUASBsystem.

D:Wastewatermovesupwardanddownward.

答案:Designloadingtypicallyisintherangeof4to15kgCOD/m3-d.

Estimatingthemethaneproductionofanaerobictreatmentprocessforwastewatercontaining1.0Mglucose:().

A:0.24mol.

B:2.64mol.

C:3.36mol.

D:2.4mol.

答案:2.4mol.

Theprocessofanaerobictreatmentcanbebrokenintowhichofthefollowingsteps:().

A:Theorganicacidsarethenpartiallyusedbyarchaelmethanogenstoconvertthemintomethane.

B:Theconversionoftheorganicacidsandhydrogenintomethane.

C:Hydrolysisandfermentationofcomplexorganicmatterintosimpleorganicacidandhydrogen.

D:Thesimplecarbohydratesandacidsareutilizedtoobtainenergyforgrowthbyfermentingbacteria.

答案:Theconversionoftheorganicacidsandhydrogenintomethane.

；Hydrolysisandfermentationofcomplexorganicmatterintosimpleorganicacidandhydrogen.

AnabsoluteminimumvalueofθxtoallowstablemethanogenesisforaCSTRis:().

A:10day.

B:20day.

C:5day.

D:15day.

答案:10day.

Thecontentsofthedigestercanbeheatedthrough:().

A:Injectedsteamthroughlancesordiffusers.

B:Directheatingthereactor.

C:Heatexchangerslocatedinsidethedigester.

D:Pumpingbackwarmedsludgethroughexternalheatexchangers

答案:Injectedsteamthroughlancesordiffusers.

；Heatexchangerslocatedinsidethedigester.

；Pumpingbackwarmedsludgethroughexternalheatexchangers