專題突破卷-閱讀理解之議論文

最新高考真題

1.（2024年全國甲卷D篇閱讀理解）“Ididn'tHketheending,1saidtomyfavoritecollegeprofessor.It

wasmyjunioryearofundergraduate,andIwasdoinganindependentstudyonVictorianliterature.Ihadjust

finishedreadingTheMillontheFlossbyGeorgeEliot,andIwasheartbrokenwiththeending.Prof.Gracie,with

allhispatience,askedmetothinkaboutitbeyondwhetherIlikeditornot.HesuggestedIthinkaboutthe

differencebetweenendingsthatIwantedforthecharactersandendingsthatwererightforthecharacters,endings

thatsatisfiedthestoryeveniftheydidn'thaveatraditionallypositiveoutcome.Ofcourse,Iwouldhavepreferred

adifferentendingforTomandMaggieTulliver,buttheendingtheygotdidmakethemostsenseforthem.

Thiswasanahamomentforme,andIneverthoughtaboutendingsthesamewayagain.Fromthenon,ifI

wantedtoreadanendingguaranteedtobehappy,I'dpickupaloveromance.IfIwantedanendingIcouldn't

guess,rdpickupamystery（懸疑小說）.OnewhereIkindofknewwhatwasgoingtohappen,historicalfiction.

Choosingwhattoreadbecameeasier.

Butwritingtheend-thafshard.It'shardforwritersbecauseendingscarrysomuchweightwithreaders.

Youhavetobalancecreatinganendingthafsunpredictable,butdoesn'tseemtocomefromnowhere,onethatfits

whafsrightforthecharacters.

Thafswhythisissue（期）ofWriter'sDigestaimstohelpyoufigureouthowtowritethebestendingfor

whateverkindofwritingyou'redoing.Ififsshortstories,PeterMountfordbreaksdownsixtechniquesyoucan

trytoseewhichonehelpsyoustickthelanding.ElizabethSimsanalyzesthefinalchaptersoffivegreatnovelsto

seewhatkeypointstheyincludeandhowyoucanadaptthemforyourwork.

Thisissuewon'ttellyouwhatyourendingshouldbe-thafsuptoyouandthestoryyou'retelling一but

itmightprovidewhatyouneedtogetthere.

1.WhydidtheauthorgotoProf.Gracie?

A.Todiscussanovel.B.Tosubmitabookreport.

C.Toargueforawriter.D.Toaskforareadinglist.

2.WhatdidtheauthorrealizeafterseeingGracie?

A.Writingisamatterofpersonalpreferences.

B.Readersareoftencarriedawaybycharacter.

C.Eachtypeofliteraturehasitsuniqueend.

D.Astorywhichbeginswellwillendwell.

3.Whatisexpectedofagoodending?

A.Itsatisfiesreaders9taste.B.Itfitswiththestorydevelopment.

C.Itisusuallypositive.D.Itisopenforimagination.

4.WhydoestheauthormentionPeterMountfordandElizabethSims?

A.Togiveexamplesofgreatnovelists.B.Tostressthethemeofthisissue.

C.Toencouragewritingforthemagazine.D.Torecommendtheirnewbooks.

2.（2024年新高考I卷C篇閱讀理解）Iscomprehensionthesamewhetherapersonreadsatextonscreen

oronpaper?Andarelisteningtoandviewingcontentaseffectiveasreadingthewrittenwordwhencoveringthe

samematerial?Theanswerstobothquestionsareoften"no”.Thereasonsrelatetoavarietyoffactors,including

reducedconcentration,anentertainmentmindset（心態(tài)）andatendencytomultitaskwhileconsumingdigital

content.

Whenreadingtextsofseveralhundredwordsormore,learningisgenerallymoresuccessfulwhenit'son

paperthanonscreen.Alargeamountofresearchconfirmsthisfinding.Thebenefitsofprintreadingparticularly

shinethroughwhenexperimentersmovefromposingsimpletasks-likeidentifyingthemainideainareading

passage-toonesthatrequirementalabstraction-suchasdrawinginferencesfromatext.

Thedifferencesbetweenprintanddigitalreadingresultsarepartlyrelatedtopaper9sphysicalproperties.

Withpaper,thereisaliterallayingonofhands,alongwiththevisualgeographyofdistinctpages.Peopleoften

linktheirmemoryofwhatthey'vereadtohowfarintothebookitwasorwhereitwasonthepage.

Butequallyimportantisthementalaspect.Readingresearchershaveproposedatheorycalled"shallowing

hypothesis《發(fā)說）”.Accordingtothistheory,peopleapproachdigitaltextswithamindsetsuitedtosocialmedia,

whichareoftennotsoserious,anddevotelessmentaleffortthanwhentheyarereadingprint.

Audio（音頻）andvideocanfeelmoreengagingthantext,andsouniversityteachersincreasinglyturnto

thesetechnologies一say,assigninganonlinetalkinsteadofanarticlebythesameperson.However,

psychologistshavedemonstratedthatwhenadultsreadnewsstories,theyremembermoreofthecontentthanif

theylistentoorviewidenticalpieces.

Digitaltexts,audioandvideoallhaveeducationalroles,especiallywhenprovidingresourcesnotavailable

inprint.However,formaximizinglearningwherementalfocusandreflectionarecalledfor,educatorsshouldn't

assumeallmediaarethesame,evenwhentheycontainidenticalwords.

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"shinethrough“inparagraph2mean?

A.Seemunlikelytolast.B.Seemhardtoexplain.

C.Becomereadytouse.D.Becomeeasytonotice.

6.Whatdoestheshallowinghypothesisassume?

A.Readerstreatdigitaltextslightly.B.Digitaltextsaresimplertounderstand.

C.Peopleselectdigitaltextsrandomly.D.Digitaltextsaresuitableforsocialmedia.

7.Whyareaudioandvideoincreasinglyusedbyuniversityteachers?

A.Theycanholdstudents*attention.B.Theyaremoreconvenienttoprepare.

C.Theyhelpdevelopadvancedskills.D.Theyaremoreinformativethantext.

8.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthelastparagraph?

A.Studentsshouldapplymultiplelearningtechniques.

B.Teachersshouldproducetheirownteachingmaterial.

C.Printtextscannotbeentirelyreplacedineducation.

D.Educationoutsidetheclassroomcannotbeignored.

3.（2023年全國乙卷D篇閱讀理解）Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnot

privilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhad

texts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity'slaterachievements,and

untilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate（有文字的）societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutin

things.

Ideallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsandobjects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareabletodojust

that,butinmanycaseswesimplycan't.Theclearestexampleofthisbetweenliterateandnon-literatehistoryis

perhapsthefirstconflict,atBotanyBay,betweenCaptainCook'svoyageandtheAustralianAboriginals.From

theEnglishside,wehavescientificreportsandthecaptain'srecordofthatterribleday.FromtheAustralianside,

wehaveonlyawoodenshield（盾）droppedbyamaninflightafterhisfirstexperienceofgunshot.Ifwewantto

reconstructwhatwasactuallygoingonthatday,theshieldmustbequestionedandinterpretedasdeeplyand

strictlyasthewrittenreports.

Inadditiontotheproblemofmiscomprehensionfrombothsides,therearevictoriesaccidentallyor

deliberatelytwisted,especiallywhenonlythevictorsknowhowtowrite.Thosewhoareonthelosingsideoften

haveonlytheirthingstotelltheirstories.TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleof

BeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmost

powerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenwe

considercontact（聯(lián)系）betweenliterateandnon-literatesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirst-handaccountsare

necessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehaveto

readnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.

9.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Howpasteventsshouldbepresented.B.Whathumanityisconcernedabout.

C.Whetherfactsspeaklouderthanwords.D.Whywrittenlanguageisreliable.

10.WhatdoestheauthorindicatebymentioningCaptainCookinparagraph2?

A.Hisreportwasscientific.B.Herepresentedthelocalpeople.

C.HeruledoverBotanyBay.D.Hisrecordwasone-sided.

11.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"conversation“inparagraph3referto?

A.Problem.B.History.C.Voice.D.Society.

12.Whichofthefollowingbooksisthetextmostlikelyselectedfrom?

A.HowMapsTellStoriesoftheWorldB.AShortHistoryofAustralia

C.AHistoryoftheWorldin100ObjectsD.HowArtWorksTellStories

2024年高考模擬真題

（2024-四川達(dá)州,二模）"Ispilledsoupalloverthetable,butitwasn'tmyfhult"."Igotintotroubleat

school,butitwasn'tmyfault.9,Suchstatementsareoftenheard.tuIfsnotmyfkult“isactuallyacommonresponse

forsomanypeopleandespeciallyteenagers.Parentscomplainthatthey'retiredofthe“excuses”.

Thereasonwhyvariationsof"it'snotmyfaulf5aresopopularisthattheygetusoutofguilt,blameand

anger.Thoseemotionsmaycomefromothers*reactionsorourownself-talks.Inthecaseofadolescents,theyare

oftentryingtoescaperesponsibilityandpunishmentformistakes.

Someteenswouldbenefitfromdecreasingtheirsei住blame.Thosewhoblamethemselvesforthingsthat

theycan,tcontroltendtobehighlyself-criticalandaremorelikelytobeanxious.

Manyteensoverlyrelyon"it'snotmyfaulf9.However,overuseofthephrasecanresultinfeelingsof

helplessnesstocontroltheirownlives.Besides,t6ifsnotmyfaulf9focusesateen'sattentiononwhatisdoneas

opposedtowhatneedstobedone.Intryingtogetthemtoassumeresponsibility,manyparentsattemptto

convincetheirchildrenthatsomethingistheirfault,buttheapproachtendstobeineffective.Amoreeffective

approachistofaceuptodrawbackstofindsolutionstothedrawbacksactively.

Peoplemaynothavecausedalltheirproblems,buttheyhavetosolvethemanyway.Gettingstuckin

sharingblameoftenkeepspeoplefrommovingforwardeffectively.Whatdoesonedoifheispushedintoadeep

lake?Onecouldcertainlystayinwater,yelling,4tIfsnotmyfault.9,However,thatisnotgoingtogethimoutof

water.Atsomepoint,heneedstoswimtoshore,regardlessofthefault.

Likemostthingsinlife,freeingourselvesfromblamehasitsadvantagesanddisadvantages.Thequestion

isn'twhatis“right”,butwhatismosteffectiveinmovingforward.

13.Whoislikelytorelyon"it'snotmyfault99?

A.Ahighlyself-criticalteenager.

B.Ateenagerunwillingtoadmitafault.

C.Ateenagerfacinguptohisresponsibilities.

D.Ateenageranxiousaboutuncontrollablethings.

14.Whatistheauthor'sadviceongettingteenstoassumeresponsibility?

A.Lettingthemfocusonwhatisdone.

B.Persuadingthemtoadmittheirfault.

C.Makingthemcorrectthemistakeactively.

D.Helpingthemanalyzethereasonforthemistake.

15.WhydoestheauthorraisesuchaquestioninParagraph5?

A.Toputforwardanewsolutiontodrawbacks.

B.Toshowhandlingproblemsshouldcomefirst.

C.Toexplainwhyteenagersgetstuckinsharingblame.

D.Toanalyzewhatkindofproblemiscausedbyothers.

16.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthistext?

A.Tohelpteenagersoutofself^blame.

B.Totellparentshowtoeducatechildren.

C.Tohelpteenagersfacemistakesproperly.

D.Totellchildrentodosei「talksconsciously.

（2024-山東濰坊?二模）IhadtosaysomethingafterreadingTheAnxiousGeneration.Itisgoingtosell

well,becauseJonathanHaidtistellingascarystoryaboutchildren'sdevelopmentmanyparentsareledtobelieve.

However,thebook'srepeatedsuggestionthatdigitaltechnologiesarerewiringourchildren'sbrainsandcausing

theepidemic（流行病）ofmentalillnessisunsupportedbyscience.Worse,therudeproposalthatsocialmediais

toblamemightdistract（分心、）usfromeffectivelyrespondingtotherealcausesofthecurrentmental-healthcrisis

inyoungpeople.

ResearchershavesearchedfortheeffectssuggestedbyHaidt.Oureffortshaveproducedamixofno,small

andmixedassociations.Mostdataarecorrelative.Whenassociationsovertimearefound,theysuggestnotthat

social-mediausepredictsorcausesdepression,butthatyoungpeoplewhoalreadyhavemental-healthproblems

usesuchplatformsmoreoftenorindifferentwaysfromtheirhealthypeers.

Wearenotalonehere.Severalanalysesandsystematicreviewscentralizeonthesamemessage.An

analysisdonein72countriesshowsnoconsistentormeasurableassociationsbetweenwell-beingandsocial

mediaglobally.Moreover,studiesfromsomeauthoritiesfindsnoevidenceofintensechangesassociatedwith

digital-technologyuse.

Asapsychologiststudyingchildren'sandadolescents5mentalhealth,Iappreciateparents5frustration（沮

喪）anddesireforsimpleanswers.Asaparentofadolescents,Iwouldalsoliketoidentifyasimplesourceforthe

painthisgenerationisreporting.Thereare,however,nosimpleanswers.Thebeginninganddevelopmentof

mentaldisordersaredrivenbyacomplexsetofgeneticandenvironmentalfactors.

Moreyoungpeoplearetalkingopenlyabouttheirmental-healthstrugglesthaneverbefore.Butinsufficient

servicesareavailabletoaddresstheirneeds.IntheUnitedStates,thereis,onaverage,oneschoolpsychologistfor

every1,119students.Wehaveagenerationincrisisandindesperateneedofthebestofwhatscienceand

evidence-basedsolutionscanoffer.Unfortunately,ourtimeisbeingspenttellingstoriesthatareunsupportedby

researchandthatdolittletosupportyoungpeoplewhoneed,anddeserve,more.

17.WhatispresentedinTheAnxiousGeneration?

A.Scarystoriesaffectchildren'sbrains.

B.Parentsareresponsibleforchildren'shealth.

C.Teen'smentalillnessresultsfromscreentime.

D.Theepidemicofmentalillnessisunavoidable.

18.Whatdoes“thesamemessage“underlinedinparagraph3referto?

A.Manycountriesdoresearchinmentalhealth.

B.Well-beingandsocialmediaarecloselyrelated.

C.Theyoungaretrappedinthemental-healthcrisis,

D.Socialmediadon'tnecessarilycausementalillness.

19.Whatisimpliedinthelastparagraph?

A.Effectiveactionsneedtobetaken.B.Positivestoriesshouldbeshared.

C.Financialsupportneedstobeprovided.D.Broaderresearchshouldbedone.

20.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?

A.Tosuggestwaystohelpthoseinneed.

B.Toencourageparentstobravethecrisis.

C.Torecommendanewly-publishedbook.

D.Togiveavoicetochildren'smentalissues.

（2024?甘肅張掖?三模）Howtheeconomicsprofessionshouldfixitsgenderproblem

Attheheartofeconomicsisabeliefinthevirtues（好處）ofopencompetitionasawayofusingthe

resourcesyouhaveinthemostefficientwayyoucan.Thankstothepowerofthatinsight,economistsroutinely

tellpoliticianshowtorunpublicpolicyandbusinesspeoplehowtoruntheirfirms.Yetwhenitcomestoitsown

house,academiceconomicscouldhavedonemoretoobservethestandardsitappliestotherestoftheworld.

Inparticular,itrecruits（招聘）toofewwomen.Also,manyofthosewhodoworkintheprofessionsaythey

aretreatedunfairlyandthattheirtalentsarenotfullyrealised.Asaresult,economicshasfewergoodideasthanit

shouldandsuffersfromaskewed（歪曲的）viewpoint.Itistimeforthedismalsciencetoimproveitsdismal

recordongender.

FordecadesrelativelyfewwomenhaveparticipatedinSTEMsubjects:science,technology,engineering

andmaths.Economicsbelongsinthislist.AndasurveybytheAmericanEconomicsAssociation（AEA）thisweek

showsthatmanywomenwhodobecomeacademiceconomistsaretreatedbadly.

Todealwithitsgendershortfall（缺口），economicsneedstwotoolsthatitoftenusestoanalyseandsolve

problemselsewhere:itsabilitytocrunchdataanditscapacitytoexperiment.Takedatafirst.TheAEAstudyis

commendable,butonlyafifthofits45,000presentandpastmembersrepliedtoitspoll.Betterdataareneededto

capturehowworkbyfemaleeconomistsisdiscriminatedagainst.Themorecomprehensive（全面的）thepicture

thatemerges,thesoonerandmoreeasilyactioncanbetakentochangerecruitmentandtoreformprofessionallife.

Theotherpriorityisfbreconomiststoexperimentwithnewideas,astheAEAisrecommending.Fora

disciplinethatvaluesdynamism,academiceconomicsisoftenconservative,stickingwithteachingmethods,

hiringproceduresandsocialconventionsthathavebeenaroundfordecades.TheAEAsurveyreveals（顯示）that

46%ofwomenhavenotaskedaquestionorpresentedanideaatconferencesfbrfearofbeingtreatedunfairly,

comparedwith18%ofmen.Seminarscouldbeorganisedtoensurethatallspeakersgetafairchance.Theway

thatauthors,namesarepresentedonpaperscouldensurethatitisclearwhohasdonetheintellectualheavy

lifting.

Insteadofmovingcautiously,theeconomicsprofessionshoulddowhatitisbestat:recognisethereisa

problem,measureitobjectivelyandfindsolutions.Iftheresultismorewomenineconomicswhoaretreated

better,therewillbemorecompetitionforideasandamoreefficientuseofascarce（稀缺的）resource.What

economistcouldpossiblyobjecttothat?

21.Whydoeseconomicshavefewerexcellentideasthanitshould?

A.Economicalenvironmentisn'tgoodenough.

B.Professionalsinthisfieldaretreatedunjustlyandtheirgiftsarenotfullyrecognized.

C.Toomanywomenareemployed.

D.Womendoworseineconomicsthanmen.

22.Whatdoeseconomicsneedtohandleitsgendergap?

A.Datatocapturehowworkbyfemaleeconomistsisdiscriminatedagainst.

B.Itsabilitytoprocessdataquicklyanditscapacitytoexperiment.

C.Actiontochangerecruitmentandprofessionallifeoffemaleeconomists.

D.Seminarsorganisedtoensurethatallspeakersgetafairchance.

23.Whatcanweknowfromthelastparagraph?

A.TheresultoftheAEAsurveyisthatthereisbettertreatmenttowomen.

B.Morewomenineconomicswillbringmorecompetitionofscarceresource.

C.Abalancedsexratiowilldogoodtothedevelopmentofeconomics.

D.Menineconomicscan'tmakethisdisciplinebetter.

24.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthor'sattitudetowardstheeconomicsanditsrecruitmentnow?

A.Opposed.B.Positive.C.Objective.D.Indifferent.

（2024?廣東廣川|?三模）"Satingfromnowon,tobehealthy,IwillNOTeatanysnacksbesidesgranola

bars（燕麥棒）,“iswhatItoldmyselfyesterday,andyethereIamtodaychewingaChocopie.TmawarethatI'm

breakingmyownpromisetomyself.Insteadofeatingthis,Ishouldbeworkingoutorsomething.Butthethingis,

chocolateistoogoodatthismomentformetorefuseit!

AsItypethis,Fmexperiencingwhafscalledinstantgratification-thedesiretoexperiencepleasureor

fulfillmentwithoutdelayingitforafuturebenefit.Essentially,whenyouwantit,yougetit.

Instantgratificationisalsotheexactoppositeofwhatwe'retaughttodo-delayedgratification:decidingto

putoffsatisfyingourcurrentwanttogainsomethingbetterinthefuture.We'veallencounteredinstant

gratificationbefore.ShouldIsleepinorwakeupearlytoworkout?WhenIgethome,shouldIrestandwatchTV

firstorgetstartedonmyhomework?

Allhumanshavethetendencytoseekpleasureandavoidpain,whichisabasicbutfundamentalconcept

knownasthepleasureprinciple.OriginallycoinedbySigmundFreud,itclearlystatesthatallhumansaredriven,

tosomeextent,bypleasure.

Constantlyseekingquickpleasuremaybringsubsequenttroubles.Howeverpleasantnotdoingyour

homeworkmayseempleasantrightnow,itonlyresultsinpleasureplaguedbyguiltandlast-minutepanickinglate

atnight.Aninabilitytoresistinstantgratificationmayresultinunderachievinginthelongtermandfailureto

meetcertaingoals.

Instantgratification,however,isnotnecessarilyabadthing.Youdon'talwayshavetosaynotothingsyou

wantatthatmoment,andifsgoodtotreatyourselfwhenyouneedit.Inotherwords,timeswhereyou“treat

yourself9areonlyvaluableincombinationwithdelayedgratification.WhilemyChocopiemaytastegoodnow,

if11tasteevenbetterifIonlyeatitafterI'veworkedoutordonesomethinghealthy.

25.Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopic?

A.Bymakingacontrast.B.Bygivingadefinition.

C.Bycitingapersonalcase.D.Bylistingdetailedproblems.

26.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofinstantgratification?

A.Purchasingitemsregardlessofbudgets.B.Exercisingregularlyforlong-termhealth.

C.Limitingtimeonsocialmediaplatforms.D.FinishinghomeworkbeforewatchingTV.

27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword-plagued-inparagraph5probablymean?

A.Reminded.B.Highlighted.C.Introduced.D.Bothered.

28.Whatmaytheauthoragreewith?

A.Delayedgratificationispointless.

B.Instantgratificationshouldbeprioritized.

C.Enjoyingthemomentbringsinendlesspleasure.

D.Instanttreatspairedwithdelayedgratificationaresweeter.

（2024?河W匕秦皇島?三模）Therecentspreadof"fakenews“maymakeitseemlikemisinformationisa

relativelymodeminvention.Butfalsehoods（假話）andwildclaimshavebeenpartofhumancultureforaboutas

longasit'sexisted.Thisisbecausemisinformationoriginateswith,andisspreadby,fellowhumans.

Whenyou'veeverhadtocommunicateanimportant,butcomplex,issuetoageneralaudience,youmay

haveaseaofthemostreliabledata,themostelegantPowerPointslidesandthefullbackingofeveryfamous

expertintherelevantfield.Andyet,youcanstillbelesspersuasivethansomeonewhoseentireargumentis:"A

guyImetdownthepubtoldmesomethingdifferent.^^

Inaperfectlysensible,logicalworld,someonewhoislooselyconnectedwithacertainfieldorindustry

wouldn'thavethesameinfluenceasactualdata,ortheleadingexpertsinthefield.Buthumansaren'tperfectly

sensible,logicalcreaturesandneitheristheworldwelivein.

Theabilitytothinkrationallyandanalyticallyisarelativelyrecentadditiontoourmentalabilities(inthe

evolutionarysense).Anditcostsourbrainsalotofenergyandeffort,Themoreestablished,fundamentalsystems

inourbrain,whichshapememoryandlearning,areheavilyreliantonemotion.Themoreemotionallystimulating

somethingis,theeasieritistoremember.Thafswhywecanspendmonthsrevisingthematerialforacrucial

schoolexam,butstruggletorememberanyofitoncewe'vepassed.Meanwhile,theembarrassingtineweslipped

andlandedonourbacksideintheschoolcanteen,thatmemorywilllastuntilourdyingday.

Themostdeterminedsceptics(無神論者)willoftensay,"Factsdon'tcareaboutyourfeelings,whichis

correct.Butfeelingsdon'tnecessarilycareaboutfactseither.Andultimately,feelingshavemoreofasayinwhat

wethinkanddo.Andthafswhyyourmatedownthepubcanseemmorebelievablethanapileofpublished

research.

29.Whatcontributestothespreadofcafakenews”?

A.Peoplefactor.B.Humanculture.

C.Modeminvention.D.Informationaccuracy.

30.Whydidthegeneralaudiencesthinkactualdatalesspersuasive?

A.Theyprefermakingsensibleanalyses.B.Theyaemorelikelytobeemotional.

C.Theyhavemoretrustinauthority.D.Theyoverestimatethemselves.

31.Howdoestheauthorillustratehisideainparagraph4?

A.Bylistingfigures.B.Bygivingexamples.

C.Byexplainingaconcept.D.Bycitingexperts9words.

32.Whatistheauthor?spurposeofwritingthepassage?

A.Torevealsecrets.B.Toshareemotions.

C.Tocriticizeadecision.D.Todescribeaphenomenon.

(2024?浙江杭州?二模)Isforgivenessagainstourhumannature?Toanswerourquestion,weneedtoask

afurtherquestion:Whatistheessenceofourhumanity?Forthesakeofsimplicity,peopleconsidertwodistinctly

differentviewsofhumanity.

Thefirstviewinvolvesdominanceandpower.Inanearlypaperonthepsychologyofforgiveness,Droll

(1984)madetheinterestingclaimthathumans'essentialnatureismoreaggressivethanforgivingallows.Those

whoforgiveareagainsttheirbasicnature,muchtotheirharm.Inhisopinion,fbrgiversarecompromisingtheir

well-beingastheyoffermercytoothers,whomightthentakeadvantageofthem.

Thesecondviewinvolvesthethemeofcooperation,mutualrespect,andevenloveasthebasisofwhowe

areashumans.Researchersfindthattofullygrowashumanbeings,weneedbothtoreceivelovefromandoffer

lovetoothers.Withoutlove,ourconnectionswithawiderangeofindividualsinourlivescanfallapart.Even

commonsensestronglysuggeststhatthewilltopoweroverothersdoesnotmakeforharmoniousinteractions.For

example,howwellhasslaveryworkedasamodeofsocialharmony?

Fromthissecondviewpointofwhoweareashumans,forgivenessplaysakeyroleinthebiologicaland

psychologicalintegrityofbothindividualsandcommunitiesbecauseoneoftheoutcomesofforgiveness,shown

throughscientificstudies,isthedecreasingofhateandtherestorationofharmony.Forgivenesscanbreakthe

cycleofanger.Atleasttotheextentthepeoplefromwhomyouareestranged（不和的）acceptyourloveand

forgivenessandarepreparedtomaketherequiredadjustments.Forgivenesscanhealrelationshipsandreconnect

people.

Asanimportantnote,whenwetakeaclassicalphilosophicalperspective,weseethedistinctionbetween

potentialityandactuality.Wearenotnecessarilybornwiththecapacitytoforgive,butinsteadwiththepotentialto

learnaboutitandtogrowinourabilitytoforgive.Theactualityofforgiving,inrealsituations,developswith

practice.

33.WhatisDroll'sideaaboutforgiveness?

A.Peopleshou