易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)17閱讀理解：主旨大意題（大陷阱）-備戰(zhàn)2024年高考英語(yǔ)考試易錯(cuò)題（解析版）易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)17閱讀理解：主旨大意題（大陷阱）-備戰(zhàn)2024年高考英語(yǔ)考試易錯(cuò)題（解析版）/易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)17閱讀理解：主旨大意題（大陷阱）-備戰(zhàn)2024年高考英語(yǔ)考試易錯(cuò)題（解析版）易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1７閱讀理解主旨大意題目錄0１易錯(cuò)陷阱（３大陷阱）0２舉一反三【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)提醒一】標(biāo)題類易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)提醒二】段落大意類易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)提醒三】文章大意類易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)03易錯(cuò)題通關(guān)易錯(cuò)陷阱1：標(biāo)題類易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)。【分析】標(biāo)題類是對(duì)中心思想的加工和提煉，可以是單詞、短語(yǔ)、也可以是句子。她的特點(diǎn)是短小精悍，多為短語(yǔ);涵蓋性、精確性強(qiáng)；不能隨意改變語(yǔ)言表達(dá)的程度和色彩.如果是短語(yǔ)類選項(xiàng)，考生容易混淆重點(diǎn),此時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)先劃出選項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵詞。此類題和文章的中心主題句有很大關(guān)系。中心主題句一般出現(xiàn)在第一段，有時(shí)第一段也可能引出話題，此時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)重點(diǎn)關(guān)注第二段和最后一段，看看是否會(huì)出現(xiàn)首尾呼應(yīng)。易錯(cuò)陷阱2：段落大意類易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)?！痉治觥棵總€(gè)段落都有一個(gè)中心思想，通常會(huì)在段落的第一句或最后一句體現(xiàn),這就是段落主題句。如果沒(méi)有明顯的主題句時(shí)，應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)段落內(nèi)容概括處段落大意。有時(shí)考生還會(huì)找錯(cuò)文章對(duì)應(yīng)位置，盲目選詞文中相同的詞句,而出現(xiàn)文不對(duì)題的現(xiàn)象。易錯(cuò)陷阱３：文章大意類易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn).【分析】確定文章主旨的方法是：先看首尾段或各段開頭再看全文找主題句,若無(wú)明顯主題句,就通過(guò)關(guān)鍵詞句來(lái)概括。如,議論文中尋找表達(dá)作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的詞語(yǔ)，記敘文中尋找概括情節(jié)和中心的動(dòng)詞或反映人物特點(diǎn)的形容詞。文中出現(xiàn)不同觀點(diǎn)時(shí),要牢記作者的觀點(diǎn)彩色體現(xiàn)全文中心的。此時(shí),要注意轉(zhuǎn)折詞，如：bｕt，ｈoｗever，ｙeｔ,inｓｐiteｏf，ontheｃontｒaｒy等。【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)提醒一】標(biāo)題類易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)【例1】（浙江省義烏五校2023－2024學(xué)年高三聯(lián)考試題）Ｔhescｉentｉｓt'sjoｂｉstofiguｒeouthowtheworldｗorｋｓ，to“torｔurｅ(拷問(wèn)）”Naturetoｒeveaｌhｅrsecrｅｔｓ,aｓｔhe1７thcenturyphiloｓophｅrFrancisBacｏndｅsｃribedit.Butｗhｏａrethesepeopleinthｅlaｂcｏatｓ（oｒsｐoｒｔsｊackets,oｒT-ｓhirtsanｄjeanｓ)andhowdotｈeywork？Itturnsoｕtthattｈereisagooddealofmysｔerysurｒoｕndiｎｇｔhemyｓｔｅry-ｓolveｒs.“Oneｏfthegｒeatestｍysteriesｉｓｔhequeｓtｉoｎoｆwhatｉtisabｏｕthumanbeingｓ—brａｉns,eduｃａｔion,culturｅe(cuò)ｔｃ.tｈatmaｋesｔhemcapableoｆdoingscｉenｃeatalｌ，”sａidCｏlｉnＡlleｎ,acogniｔｉｖｅscｉeｎｔiｓｔatIndianａUniversity．Twovitａlingredｉentsseemtobｅnecessａrytoｍakeａｓcｉｅntisｔ：tｈeｃuｒiositｙtoseｅkoｕtmｙsteｒieｓaｎdthｅcreativityｔｏsolｖｅtｈｅｍ.“Ｓcｉeｎtistseｘhibitａheiｇhｔenｅｄｌevｅloｆｃuriosity，”readｓa20０7reportonsｃiｅntｉｆｉｃcreativｉty?！埃詇eygofｕｒｔhｅraｎddeeｐerｉｎtobasiｃquｅstｉonssｈｏwｉngapaｓsionforknowledｇeforitsｏwnsake?！盡axPlａnck，oneoｆtｈefａt(yī)hersｏｆquanｔｕmphｙsｉｃs,ｏnｃesａid,ｔｈesｃｉentiｓｔ“ｍusthaveavivｉdａnｄinｔｕitiｖｅｉmagiｎａｔion，fｏｒｎｅｗiｄeasareｎotgｅｎerateｄbydｅducｔｉon(推論)，butbyaｎarｔｉsticallycreatiｖｅｉｍaginatioｎ."．．。。．.ｏngａｓoｕrｂesttechｎologyｆｏｒseｅingｉｎｓidethｅｂraｉｎreｑuiｒｅsｓｕbｊecｔstｏlieneａrｌymｏtioｎｌｅsswhiｌesurroｕndedｂyagiａｎtmａgｎeｔ，we’reonlｙｇoingtｏmakelimｉｔedpｒogressonthesequesｔiｏｎｓ,”Ａlleｎsaid.Whａt(yī)ｉｓａsｕitabｌetiｔlefｏrthｅtext？WhoAreTheMyｓtery—soｌversＢ.ScientｉstｓＡreNotＢorｎButMａdｅC.GreatMystｅry：WhatMakeｓASciｅntｉstＤ。SoｌvingMysｔeｒies：InｓiｄeAScienｔiｓt'ｓMinｄ易錯(cuò)分析：沒(méi)有理清第一段和第二段的關(guān)系。第一段提出疑問(wèn),引出話題,第二段提出文章的中心主題,全文圍繞其展開說(shuō)明.【答案】Ｃ【解析】文章標(biāo)題.根據(jù)第二段““Ｏｎeofｔhegｒeaｔestmysｔeriesｉsthequｅstionofwｈatiｔisabｏｕthumanbeｉnｇs——bｒains，ｅduｃatioｎ，cｕlｔuｒeｅtc.-ｔhatｍａkesｔhemｃaｐableｏfdoiｎｇscｉenceａt(yī)aｌｌ，"saidCoｌｉnAllen，acogｎiｔiveｓcｉenｔｉstatIndｉａnaUnivｅrsitｙ.(印第安納大學(xué)的認(rèn)知科學(xué)家ＣｏlｉnAlleｎ說(shuō)：“最大的謎團(tuán)之一是,人類究竟是什么——大腦、教育、文化等——使他們能夠從事科學(xué)研究?！?”結(jié)合文章主要探討了到底是哪些因素造就了科學(xué)家。C選項(xiàng)“偉大的奧秘：是什么造就了科學(xué)家”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選Ｃ.【變式１】(山東省曲阜師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)20２3－2０2４學(xué)年質(zhì)量檢測(cè))Ｐerhapsyoｕtｈiｎkyoucｏｕｌdeaｓilyａddtoyoｕrhａｐpinesswithｍoremoney.Strangeａsitｍayseem,ifyou’rｅuｎsatｉｓfiｅｄ，theissueｉsnotalackoｆmeanstｏmeetyourｄesiresbuｔalaｃkoｆｄｅsｉrｅｓ-nottｈａt(yī)ｙouｃａｎnotsatisfyｙourtastesbuｔｔｈatyouｄon＇thaveeｎoｕｇhtastes.

Realrichesconsisｔoｆweｌl-deｖeloｐedandheartｙcａｐａcitiｅs（能力)toenjoｙlife.Mｏstｐeoｐｌeａreａlreadyｓwamped（淹沒(méi))withｔhiｎgs．Theyeat，wear，gｏaｎdtalktoomuｃh．Theylｉｖeｉntooｂigaｈousewiｔhtoomanyｒoｏms,ｙeｔtｈeirhouseｏflｉfeiｓahut.

Yｏurhouseofｌifeoｕghttobeamansion(豪宅），arｏyalpalacｅ。Ｅveryneｗtａsｔe，everyaｄｄitｉonalinｔereｓｔ，eｖeryfreshｅnthuｓiaｓmａdｄsaｒoom.Ｈereaｒeseveｒalrooｍsｙｏurhouseoｆlifeｓhouｌdhave．

Aｒtｓｈｏｕldｂeａｄesirefｏrｙｏuｔｏｄeｖeｌopsｉmpｌｙbecausethewｏｒldisfulloｆbeaｕtｉｆulｔｈｉngs。Ifyouｏnｌｙunｄerstoodhowｔoenｊoｙthｅmandfeｅdyourｓｐiritoｎtｈem,thｅyｗoｕlｄｍａkeyｏｕaｓhapｐyasｔofindpｌｅntyoｆhamｂurgerｓandegｇｓwhenyｏu’rehｕnｇry。

Literａｔure,clasｓｉcｌiｔeraｔurｅ,isabeautifuｌ,richlｙfuｒnｉshｅｄroomwhｅreyoumｉghｔｆinｄmａnyanhourofｒeｓｔａnｄｒｅfrｅshｍent。Ｔoｇainthatlovewouldgotｏwａrdmakingyouarichperｓoｎ，ｆorarichpｅrsoｎisnoｔsomｅoｎewhoｈasaｌｉbraｒybutwholｉkｅsalｉbraｒｙ。

MusiｃｌｉkeMozａrｔ’sandBａcｈ’sｓhｏｕldn＇tbeabsenｔ。Ｒeａlｒｉchesareofthesｐｉrit.Andｗｈenyou'veｂrｏughｔthａt(yī)spirｉtuptｏwhereclaｓｓicalmusicｆeeｄsitandｍakesyoualiｔtｌeｄrunｋ，yｏuhaveincreａｓedｙourｔｈriｌlsandbeｔtｅｒedthｅｍ.Andlifeisａmａｔｔerofthrills.

Spｏrｔs,ｗithoutwｈichyｏuｒemａiｎpoor，mｅaｎaloｔinlife.Ｎomaｔtｅrwhoyouａｒｅ，youｗoulｄbeｍｏｒehuman，aｎｄyourhousｅoflifｅwoｕldbebｅtteｒsｕpportedagainstthebadｄａｙs,ｉfｙｏｕcｏｕld，ａｎddiｄ，plａyedabit.

Wｈａt(yī)ｅverｒｏomｓyｏｕｍighｔaｄdtｏyｏuｒhouseofliｆe，tｈesｅｃretｏfenjoyinglifeiｓtoｋｅe(cuò)paddiｎg。Whatwoｕldｂｅｔhebesttitｌefｏｒthｅpaｓsagｅ?A．ＨouｓeofLife?Ｂ.ＳｅcretoｆＷｅalthＣ．ReｓtaｎdRefreｓhｍｅｎt D．IntｅrｅstandEｎｔhusiasm易錯(cuò)分析:第一段沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)中心主旨句時(shí)，慌亂中無(wú)中生有,按現(xiàn)實(shí)生活去無(wú)中生有選擇干擾項(xiàng).應(yīng)當(dāng)重點(diǎn)關(guān)注第二段，尾段和其余段落的主題句?！敬鸢浮緼【解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知,本文主要講述了現(xiàn)實(shí)生活里很多人物質(zhì)上非常豐富，住豪宅，享美食。但是他們精神上卻是貧窮的，要想得到內(nèi)心的幸福，需要了解藝術(shù)，文學(xué)，音樂(lè)等等不同的內(nèi)容來(lái)豐富我們的內(nèi)心世界.文章中多次提到“hoｕsｅ”，把生活比喻為“一所房子”，要想幸福，必須在這所房子里填滿藝術(shù)、文學(xué)、音樂(lè)等精神上的東西。A項(xiàng)“HｏusｅofLife”涵蓋了這些內(nèi)容。故選A項(xiàng)。【變式2】(安徽省皖江名校聯(lián)盟2０23年高三聯(lián)考）Ｗell,ｔopicｋｕpｗherｅwｅleftofｆlａｓttｉme．Ｉ’mcerｔainthatyｏuknowalltoｏwellthedangersｈidiｎgontｈeWorlｄWｉdeWｅｂ。Ａnｄwｈeｔherit'sｆｏrschoolwork，enｔｅrｔainmｅｎｔ，orjustsocializｉngwiｔhfｒiends,theInteｒｎetwｉｌｌsｕrelｙbeamaｊorpartofyｏurｃｈild’slifｅ．Ｓo，iｔ’simｐortaｎttｏsecｕretｈｅiｒｏｎlｉnesｔays。It’snottｈeeａsｉｅｓｔthiｎg，ｂuｔkeｅpinｇopeｎliｎesoｆcomｍuｎｉｃａｔionispｒimarｙ。Lettheｍｋｎｏwtheycanｓharetｈeｉrｏnlinｅaｃｔiｖｉtieswithyoｕ．Ｔalktｏｔhemabouｔtｈｅｉｒoｎｌiｎeprｅｓｅnceasearlｙaspｏssible，idｅallybefｏｒeｔｈeyｂegintｏuｓｅe(cuò)mａil,socｉaｌmediａ,orａsmaｒｔｐｈｏne。Diｓｃｕｓsｗｈaｔtｈeyfｉｎdｉnterestｉngonlineａndｌeａrningfｒｏmｔheｍaｂoutｐｏpuｌａrwebsｉteｓandapｐｓ；ｔhisｗillｃrｅateｕndｅｒstａndinｇandａｌlｏwyｏｕtoiｄenｔifypotentiａlｒｉｓkｓ。Ｎｅxｔ，mｏｎitｏｒwｉthoｕtsｐyiｎg.Mostkidsｌearｎｔounｄerｓｔandbｏuｎｄａｒies，likeresｐectｉｎｇotｈers’personａlspace,oｒｎotopｅnｉnｇthｅcｏokｉeｊaｒwithｏｕtasking．Intｅｒnetｕsｅisnoｄifferent。It’shelpfuｌfoｒkｉdstｏhavegrｏｕndrulesastowhichweｂｓitestheycanvisit,ｗhiｃhapｐｓtheycanuse,ａndwｈattheyｃanshａrｅｏnlｉnｅ.Remｉndthemthatｉｆtｈeyfeelｕneaｓywｉthanythiｎgｔhatoccｕｒsonｌine,ｔhｅyneｅdtoａlertａｎaduｌtimmｅdiatｅly。.．。。．.Ｗhatisthebｅsttiｔlｅforｔhｅｔeｘｔ？Ａ．Ｗhａt(yī)IsHidｄenontｈeNet??Ｂ．ＨowtoMakeOnlineStａys？C。ＢeaSmaｒterIntｅｒnｅtUsｅr D．KeｅpＹoｕrKidsＳaｆeＯnlinｅ【答案】D【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Ｓｏ,it’ｓｉmｐortanttosecｕretheirｏnlineｓtays.（因此，確保他們?cè)诰W(wǎng)上的安全是很重要的）”及全文,文章主要提供了“如何保障孩子網(wǎng)上活動(dòng)安全"的幾條建議。由此可知，“KeepYourＫｉdsSaｆeＯnline（保證你的孩子安全上網(wǎng)）”作為文章標(biāo)題最為合適.故選D。【變式３】（福建省泉州科技中學(xué)2023年高三試題）Stｕｃkinsidehisrｏomａt(yī)aｎａssｉｓtedliｖinｇceｎｔeｒ，BobＣoｌｅmanｋnｅｗｈecoｕldｎotgooutiｎpublicwiｔｈtheｅpｉdemｉc（疫）。Butｈewasnｏtｃuｔofffromoutsｉｄe：heshａredhisｌｏｖeforcｏuntrymusicoｖerｔｈeInterneｔ.“Ｈｅｌlｏ,everyｂody.Ｉｔ’sabrigｈｔdａyinTennｅｓsee，”heｓａiｄｉntｏｈismicrｏpｈone.“ＴhisｉｓBobColeｍaｎ,ｃoｍingtoyouｆｒoｍRoｏm3325…”．

ＴhenColemａnbegａnｔoｐlaytｈemusiｃｈｅｌoｖes-ｈitsfroｍｃoｕｎtrｙmｕｓicstａrs．Tｈe88-year-ｏldcarｅfullｙcｈoｏseseachsｏng。CｏlemanａｎdｓeveraloｔhｅrｒetireｅsｈaｖｅtｕrnedintoDJｓ（流行音樂(lè)播音員),foｒaneｗｏnlinerａdiohourｋnｏwｎas“ＲadｉｏRecliner．”AmａrｋｅtingcｏｍpaｎycaｌledLuｃｋiecａmeｕpｗiｔｈｔheideaofRａdｉoRｅclineｒ.Listeｎｅｒｓcansendｓongreｑueｓtsiｎｈonorｏffaｍilyorfriends。Fｏｒexａmple，lisｔｅnersｍighｔｈearaｍeｓｓagelikｅtｈis:“Hey，Granny.ThiｓisyｏuｒfavoritegrａnddaughterAｍy．Ｗejustwantｅdtocalｌinandsａyweloveyou。”Tｈe60－miｎuteshｏｗsｔａrｔeｄwithrｅtireeｓinmiddｌeTennessee．Ithaｓsinceexpandｅd，wiｔhｒesiｄeｎtｓofassｉsｔed－livｉngcenteｒsinｏtherstatｅsｔakｉｎgｐａrtｉｎtheprｏjｅｃt．Mａnyjｕmpeｄａt(yī)tｈechａncetoworkaｓａＤJtoｅaseｔhｅlonelｉnｅsｓofｓociaｌdiｓtaｎcｉｎgｒulｅs。ＭitｃhBenｎeｔtｓerｖesaｓLｕckｉｅ’ｓｃhiefｃreativeofficer。Heｓaystｈeideaｗastoprovideasenｓｅoｆｃommunｉtytoｏldｅｒpeoｐlｅ.“Forthiｓgenｅｒatiｏn,ｒａdｉowasthｅorｉｇinaｌsocｉalmeｄiａ,”Ｂeｎnettsaid，“Dedicatinｇasongtｏsomeｏneyouloveaｎdhaｖingthｅｍhearitａlongwitheverｙoneelseiｓaｓpeｃｉalｗayofcｏｎneｃｔiｎg．”InＧeorgia，8０—yｅar－olｄＥdＲｏsｅnｂlatｔ，whｏhadmaｄefulｌpreｐaratｉonsfoｒhisshow，saidanhoｕrhespentplａyiｎgsｏngsonRadｉｏReclｉnerｒｅsuｌｔedｉnafｌooｄoｆtｅｘtｍessaｇｅs,emａilsaｎdcallsfromfamiｌyanｄｆrｉends，andmanyｏfthemｅssageswｅrefroｍｐｅoｐleheｈaｄnotheaｒｄfｒｏｍforyｅａrs．What'stｈeｂeｓttitleｆoｒthetext？A．OldeｒAdｕｌtsNｅe(cuò)dMoreCareDuringtｈｅＥpidｅｍiｃＢ．OｌdｅrAｄulｔs，StｕckｂytheEpｉdemic,TurnＩｎtoDJsC．ＯｌdeｒＡdｕltsWereBusyＷitｈMusicDurｉngtheＥpｉｄeｍｉcD.OｌderAdults，ＳtucｋbytheEｐidｅmiｃ，ShｏｗMｕｓicTalｅnts【答案】Ｂ【解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知,文章主要講述疫情期間老人們積極參與RadｉoRｅcｌiner成為音樂(lè)DJ,通過(guò)分享自己喜歡的音樂(lè)來(lái)擺脫孤獨(dú)，以及更多地與朋友和家人聯(lián)系.故B項(xiàng)“受疫情困擾,老年人成為DJ"可以作為本文的最佳標(biāo)題。故選B?！疽族e(cuò)點(diǎn)提醒二】段落大意類易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)【例２】（江蘇省徐州市第七中學(xué)202３年高三期中試題）ＡｓａｋidgrowingupinasｕbｕrboｆＬondｏn。Iloｖｅdtｏgoｌooｋingfortheperfectｐaｒkbｅｎch。SomeSundaymoｒniｎgs，ｍydａdcｏｕldbｅpｅrsuaｄedｔodrivｅtonewｐarks.We’dhaveakｉｃk-aｒouｎdwiｔｈasoｃｃｅrball,ｓhareabagofDoritosanｄｃｈeckｏｕtalｌｔhebenchesinthearea，rｅａｄｉngthewｏｒｄsｏnｔｈem。Ｔheｇoodparkbencｈｌeavesmeinａstate,sｏmewhｅｒｅbetwｅｅnnｏstaｌgia(懷舊）anｄeageranticｉpａｔioｎ．WherｅｏncｅIwaｓｅxｃiteｄbythewordscarveｄoｎwoｏd,Inoｗｆiｎｄ，asa10－yｅar—olｄ,ｔhatI’ｍmoｒeａｐpreｃiativｅoｆｅachbeｎch’squietstoｉciｓm(坦然淡定),ｔhewaｙtheyａrｅwiｌliｎgｔowaitoutｔheirturnｉｎeverywｅａｔｈer，remａiｎingavailabletｏalｌ—comerｓ.Likｅagoｏdbookoｒpｉeceofmuｓiｃ,ａpａrkbenchａlｌowsfoｒａsenseofsoｌiｔｕde（獨(dú)處）andcoｍmunｉtｙatｔhesametimｅ,whichisｃｒucialｔolifeinagｒeatcity。Ｐartoｆmｙobsessionwithparkbｅnｃhesｉｓasspaceｓｗhereｈistorｙｓeｔtles.Ｂyｐlantiｎｇｓeeｄsofｃuriosiｔy,andmaｋｉngｓpaceforreflectioｎ，ｐａrｋｂｅｎcｈeｓbecoｍｅdｏoｒstｏtheｐａst.Maybｅtｈaｔ’sthegrｅａt(yī)eｓtpowerｏfthｅｐaｒkbｅnch：iｔscapaｃｉｔyenｃourageｓtheartｏfoｂｓeｒｖaｔion.Aｇoｏdｂenchcatｃｈesuｓｉnoｕrquieｔest,moｓtvulneraｂle（脆弱的)mｏｍenｔs，wheｎwｅmaybeopeｎtoｉmａｇｉniｎｇneｗnarｒativesandrevisitinｇｏldｏｎes．Ｏｕｒmaskｓareｔakｅｎｏff,hungfｒomｔhｅｂench'swroughｔirｏｎ．Oｎothｅrｎeaｒbybenches，babiesarｅbｅｉngbuｒped。Glancesexchａｎgeｄ。Ｓａnｄwiｃheseaten.Ｎewｓpａpersｒeadｉt.．．.．。.Ｗｈicｈaspectofparkｂｅnchesｄoespａｒaｇraph3ｆoｃｕsoｎ？A．Deｓign。?Ｂ。Ｈistorｙ．?C．Locａt(yī)ion．?D.Ｐower.易錯(cuò)分析:容易出現(xiàn)文不對(duì)題,找錯(cuò)位置。同時(shí)對(duì)文中長(zhǎng)句不會(huì)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，曲解文意,提煉關(guān)鍵詞錯(cuò)誤.【答案】D【解析】段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段的“Ｂypｌａnｔingseｅdｓofcuｒiｏsｉty，ａｎdmaｋingspaceforreflection，ｐarkbenchｅｓbecomedooｒstｏtｈeｐast。Mａyｂethat'sthｅgrｅaｔｅsｔpowerofｔｈeparkbench：ｉtscaｐａｃityencouraｇｅsthｅarｔｏfｏbservaｔiｏn．Agｏｏdbeｎchcaｔchesusｉnoｕｒquietest，mosｔvｕlneraｂle（脆弱的)moments，whenwｅmaybeopeｎtｏiｍaｇｉningｎewｎanauvesａnｄrｅｖisitiｎｇoldoneｓ.(通過(guò)播下好奇心的種子,為反思提供空間,公園長(zhǎng)椅成為通往過(guò)去的大門。也許這就是公園長(zhǎng)凳最大的力量:它的性能促進(jìn)了觀察的藝術(shù)。一張好的長(zhǎng)凳能在我們最安靜、最脆弱的時(shí)刻抓住我們，這時(shí)我們可能會(huì)想象新的納米機(jī)器人，并重溫舊的納米機(jī)器人.）”可知，第三段主要講的是長(zhǎng)凳的力量，故選D?！咀兪剑薄?重慶市第八中學(xué)20２3-2024學(xué)年高考適應(yīng)性試題)ＴｈｅＹurokpeopｌeｈavｅｌｉｖｅｄaloｎｇthｅKｌａｍaｔｈRｉvｅr，whｉchflowsｆromｔheＣａｓcａdesｉnOｒｅｇonｓouｔhwｅｓtｔｈroughNortｈernＣalｉfoｒniａ,ｆortｈｏｕsandｓofｙears，protｅctiｎgtheregionａndriverｆromwhiｃhｔhey—andothers—dｒawsｕstenａnce（生計(jì)）。Bｕｔasdevelopｍentaｎｄpｏllｕtioncｏntｉnｕeｔｏreｄucethenｕmbｅｒoffishintheriveraｎｄtｈｅquａnｔｉtyａndｑualｉｔyｏfｉtswaters,ｔｈeYｕrｏkTrｉbeisｌegaｌｉzｉng（合法化）thetribe’ｓlｏｎgstandinｇｃａrebygrantingthｅRｉghtsofＰerｓoｎhoodtｏtheKｌａmatｈ，ｔheｆirsｔrivｅrinNorｔｈＡmericatohaveｓuchrightsdeｃlared。.。...。Whatiｓpaｒaｇraｐh2maiｎlyaｂｏut?A.Theprｏcessｏｆｌegａlizatｉｏｎ. B.TheｔrａditioｎofYｕroｋtriｂe．C.Ｔhereaｓoｎbehiｎdtheｌegａｌｉzation． D．ＴｈeiｍpｏrtaｎceｏｆtheKｌａmaｔhＲiｖer?！敬鸢浮緾【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Butasdevelopmentandｐoｌlutioｎcoｎtinuetoreducｅtheｎumberoffishiｎｔheriveｒaｎdｔhｅｑuantityandquaｌityｏfiｔswatｅrs，thｅYｕrokTｒibeｉslegalizinｇ（合法化)tｈｅtribe’slongｓtanｄｉｎｇcａrebygｒantingｔhｅRightsofPｅrsonhｏｏdtothｅKlａmａt(yī)ｈ，ｔhefirsｔriｖerinＮoｒthAmericaｔohavｅsuchｒiｇhtsdeclａred．（但是，隨著開發(fā)和污染不斷減少河中魚類的數(shù)量,以及河水的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量，尤洛克部落通過(guò)授予克拉馬斯河人格權(quán)利，將部落長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)的照顧合法化,這是北美第一條宣布擁有這種權(quán)利的河流)”可知，隨著開發(fā)和污染的持續(xù)，尤洛克部落將部落長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)的照顧合法化,由此可知，本段主要講述了這一舉措的背景.故選C項(xiàng)?！咀兪剑病浚ńK省決勝新高考2023－202４學(xué)年高三1０月大聯(lián)考）Theterm“beeｒgｏgｇｌes”isｓaｉdtohavebeenｃｏｉｎeｄbymaｌeＮｏrthAmericanuｎiversitystudeｎtｓinthe198０ｓ.Yｅtｄespｉteunconｆirmedevidｅｎｃefoｒthｅpｈeｎｏmeｎon,ｔhｅlinkbetｗeenａlｃｏhｏlintoxicatioｎ(醉酒）aｎｄpｈysｉｃalaｔtrａctionｈａsnｏtbeensｙsteｍaticａllysｔuｄiｅｄ.PｒofBowｄｒingofｔheUｎiｖersitｙｏｆPittsburghｉｎvited18pairsofｍalｅｆriendsinｔｏthｅｌａboratorytｏrａt(yī)ethｅａｔtrａｃtivenｅｓsoｆmｅnandｗｏｍｅntheyｖieｗedｉnpｈotosandvidｅos.Ｏnｏneoｃcasion，boｔhmｅｎweregiｖeneｎoｕghcｒanbeｒryｊuicetｏraｉsｅtheirbloodaｌｃohｏlｃoncentrａt(yī)ｉontoａbout0.08％－ｔｈｅlegａllimitfoｒdｒivingiｎＥngland—andoｎtheothｅrｏccasion，thｅyｂoｔhｒeceiｖedanon－alｃｏholｉｃdrｉnk。Afｔeｒｐroｖidiｎｇattractｉvｅnｅssratｉngsfｏrtｈephoｔoｓ,tｈeｙwereaskedｔosｅlｅctwhｉｃhoｆtheseｉndividualstheywouldｍostliｋｅtｏｉnｔｅractwｉthiｎaｆｕtureｅxpeｒimｅnt。..Wｈaｔispａraｇraph2ofthetextｍaｉnlyabｏuｔ?A。Thｅcompaｒiｓｏｎoftwｏｅxpeｒｉｍentｓ.Ｂ。TheproｃessofBoｗｄrinｇ'seｘｐｅrｉment。C．Theｕnｄerlyｉnglｏgiｃofbｅe(cuò)rｇoggleseffect．D．Ｔhemetｈoｄsofａｐpｒeciaｔingattractｉvenesｓ。易錯(cuò)分析:缺乏對(duì)段落主題句在首句的關(guān)注度,長(zhǎng)難句結(jié)構(gòu)劃分容易出錯(cuò)，故而引起曲解文意?！敬鸢浮浚隆窘馕觥恐髦即笠忸}.根據(jù)第二段中的“ProfＢｏwｄrinｇｏfthｅUnivｅｒｓitｙoｆPittsｂurgｈinvitｅd18ｐairsofmalefｒiendsｉntoｔhｅｌaboratorytoｒatｅtｈｅａt(yī)trａctivenｅssofｍeｎandwomｅnｔｈeyvｉewｅdｉnphoｔoｓandvideos．(匹茲堡大學(xué)的鮑德林教授邀請(qǐng)了18對(duì)男性朋友進(jìn)入實(shí)驗(yàn)室，讓他們對(duì)照片和視頻中男性和女性的吸引力進(jìn)行打分。）”可知,ＰrofBｏｗｄriｎg讓研究對(duì)象進(jìn)入實(shí)驗(yàn)室開始進(jìn)行研究，結(jié)合下文中介紹別讓這些研究對(duì)象一部分喝含有酒精的飲料和另一部分喝不含酒精的飲料,以及“Afｔｅrprovidingattｒaｃtivｅnessratiｎｇｓｆorｔｈepｈotoｓ，tｈeyｗereaskedtoselecｔｗhichoｆtｈｅseindｉｖiduaｌsthｅywoulｄmｏstliｋetoinｔerａctwithinafuｔｕreexperｉment．（在提供了照片的吸引力評(píng)級(jí)后，他們被要求在這些人中選擇他們?cè)谖磥?lái)的實(shí)驗(yàn)中最愿意與之互動(dòng)的人.)”可知，給他們提供照片的吸引力評(píng)級(jí)后，讓他們選擇在未來(lái)實(shí)驗(yàn)中最愿意與之互動(dòng)的人,綜合以上信息可知,第二段講述的是研究的過(guò)程。故選B項(xiàng)。【變式3】(廣東省珠海市第三中學(xué)2023年高三試題）．..．．．Inmytｗｅｎtｉes，whenIwaｓalmostcｏnstantlyiｎaｓtateofａnxｉety，Inｅｖeｒwentoｎｈoliday。Iwasｓcａreｄofｆlying,sｃarｅdofmyboｓsnｏtｉｃinghowmuchnｉcerlifewasｗｉtｈｏｕｔｍeintｈeｏffｉｃe．Ｉthｏughtnｏtgoiｎｇonhｏlｉｄaymaｄemeahａｒderwoｒkeｒ，ｗhenａctuａllｙiｔｊｕstmaｄemeamoｒｅtiredone．Tｈen，aｂosｓpullｅdmeasidｅtｏtelｌmethathｅｗasn'tgoingtｏｔhankmefornotｔａkingmyholｉdays。Itｈenbookeｄａcheapbeachholiｄayｗithafriend,andwaｓgenuｉnelyaｍazedｔｏfｉndＩfｅltmｕｃhbｅｔterfｏｒiｔ。。.．.。.Ｗｈatｉsparagraph４maｉnlyabｏut？A．Thｅbenefｉｔtheauthｏrobtaｉnedfｒomtraｖelｌｉｎg.B.Thｅsourceoｆtheauthｏr’ｓstrｅｓｓｄuriｎgofficehouｒs．Ｃ。Thecｈaｎgeｏftheaｕtｈｏｒ’sattｉtuｄetotakingholidａys。D.Ｔｈereaｓonｗhyｔheａuthoｒtｒｉedtobeahardeｒwｏｒker．【答案】C【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第四段內(nèi)容“Ｉnmｙｔｗenｔiｅs，whenＩwasalmｏstｃonsｔaｎtｌyiｎastateｏfanxiety,Ｉneverwentonｈoliｄａy。Iｗaｓscareｄｏfflｙiｎg,scaredｏfmｙboｓsnoticiｎghowmucｈnicerlifeｗaｓｗithouｔmeintheofｆice。Iｔhｏughtnotgｏingoｎhｏliｄaymaｄｅmeahardeｒｗorker，ｗhｅnactuａllyiｔｊusｔmaｄeｍeamoｒｅtiredone。Then,aｂosｓｐuｌledmeasideｔotellmeｔｈatｈeｗasn’tｇｏiｎｇｔｏthanｋmefornottａkｉｎgmyｈolidays.Itｈenbｏokedａcheａpbeachhoｌiｄaｙwithafｒiend，andｗaｓgenuｉｎelｙaｍazedtofinｄIfeltmuchbeｔｔerfｏrｉt。（在我２0多歲的時(shí)候，當(dāng)時(shí)我?guī)缀蹩偸翘幱诮箲]的狀態(tài)，我從來(lái)沒(méi)有去度假.我害怕坐飛機(jī),害怕老板注意到我不在辦公室生活會(huì)好得多。我原以為不去度假會(huì)讓我更努力工作，但實(shí)際上不度假只會(huì)讓我更累。然后，一位老板把我拉到一邊，告訴我他不會(huì)因?yàn)槲也恍菁俣兄x我.然后我和一個(gè)朋友訂了一個(gè)便宜的海灘度假,我真的很驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)我感覺(jué)好多了。)”可知，第四段主要講述了作者對(duì)于度假的態(tài)度的改變。故選C?！疽族e(cuò)點(diǎn)提醒三】文章大意類易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)【例3】（江蘇省徐州市第七中學(xué)2０23年高三期中試題）Nｅwｂｉo—plａsｔicｓarｅbｅingmadeｉnlaboraｔoriｅsfromstrａw,ｗoodｃhipsaｎdｆooｄwａste，withreｓearchersaimｉngtoｒeplacｅoｉｌaｓtheｓouｒceoｆtheｗorld’splastic．Ｔhenewaｐproacｈesincluｄegｅneticａllyｍodifyingbaｃteriatoｅaｔｗoodanｄpｒodｕｃeusｅｆuｌｃhemｉｃals．Ｂutｔｈebiｏ—plaｓｔicsarecｕrrenｔlysigｎiｆiｃａｎtｌymoreeｘpensｉvetomakethanfｏssilfuel－basedｐｌasｔics。Landandsｅasaroundｔheworld，fromhiｇhmounｔainstｏdeeｐoceans，ｈavebｅcomeｐｏlluｔeｄwｉthplastiｃ，promｐtｉngmａjorpublicconcern。Ｔheｗoｒlｄｈａspｒoduced８bntoｎsｏfｐlａsticsinｃethe１95０sａnddemａndisｓｔilｌｒisｉnｇ．Whilesomewaｓteplａstiｃiｓrｅｃｙcｌed，ｍuｃhofiｔisburntｔｏｐｒoducｅe(cuò)lｅｃｔricity，ｒesuｌｔingincａrｂonｅmｉssionｓthatdriveclimａt(yī)echange．Ｉｎcoｎtrasttｏｐｌastｉcｍadefroｍｏｉl，pｌａsｔicｓｍaｄｅfrｏmplａnｔ-bａsedmａt(yī)erialｓonlyｒelｅasethecａrboｎtheplantsａbｓorbedｆromtｈeairastheyｇrew。Biｏ-plaｓticｓwｉllalsogivｅmoreｏptionsｆｏｒproｄuctstｈatｂｉoｄegrade（生物降解）intheenvｉronmenｔ，althｏughtheycanbeｍａdｅverylｏｎg-lasｔｉngｉfreqｕｉｒed?！癙lasticｓaｒeanｉncrediｂlｅｅnhaｎｃementtooｕrｄailｙliｖｅs,”saidＰaulMinｅｓ,CＥＯｏfBiomeTechnologiｅｓｉntheUK,whｉchｈaｓsｐｅnｔｔ5ｍinｔｈelastｆiveyearsoｎbiｏ—plasticsresearｃh。“Butwecan’tgoonusｉｎgfossilｆuel－bａsedmateｒialｓ。Ａboｕt6-7%oｆeｖｅrybarrel(桶）oｆｏｉlisｕｓeｄtomaｋｅpｌasticｓ?！薄癠singｐlantｍａt(yī)eｒｉａlsisfeasiｂlｅ，”saｉｄproｆeｓsorＳｉｍｏｎ，aｔtｈeＵniｖｅｒsｉtｙoｆYoｒｋ?！癛eｐlacinghalfoｆtｈｅｎatｉoｎ’sｐｌａｓｔiｃbottleｓcｏｕlｄbedoneｕｓingjusｔ3％ofthesugａrbeetcｒop,5%ofwheatsｔrawor2。5%offoｏｄwａste，"hesaiｄ.Currently，ｊuｓｔafewthｏｕsandtonsofbio-ｐlasｔicareusediｎｔheＵKeａchyｅaｒ，comｐａｒｅdｔｏmｉllｉonsoftonsofcｏnvｅｎｔionａlｐlastｉc.Mｉnessａiｄｔhiｓｃoｕｌdrisetoabouｔ２０，０00tonｓｉｎtｈeneｘｔfiｖｅyｅａrs.。。.。．.Ｗhatｉsｔｈemainideaofｔhepaｓsａge?A。Plａsticsarcｎｅｃessａryｉndaｉlyｌife。B。Ｏｉｌｉsthesouｒｃｅofｔheworld’spｌａｓtic。Ｃ.Ｂiopｌastiｃｍａkinｇisａｐromｉｓiｎgｉndustrｙ． D．Scientistsareresearｃhｉnｇbiｏpｌaｓticｍakiｎg．易錯(cuò)分析：未關(guān)注首段,不重視文章中心主題句的總結(jié)。【答案】D【解析】主旨大意題.根據(jù)文章第一段“Newｂiｏ－pｌａｓticsａｒｅbeingｍaｄeinｌaboｒatｏrｉｅsfｒomsｔrａｗ，wｏodchipsandｆoodｗａstｅ,wｉthｒｅｓｅａrchｅｒsａｉmｉngｔｏreｐlａceoilasthesourｃeｏftｈeｗoｒlｄ’sｐlastｉc．（實(shí)驗(yàn)室正在用稻草、木屑和食物垃圾制造新型生物塑料，研究人員的目標(biāo)是取代石油成為世界塑料的來(lái)源）”并結(jié)合全文可知，文章主要介紹了研究者們正在研究生物塑料。故選Ｄ.【變式1】(福建省福州高級(jí)中學(xué)2023－20２4學(xué)年高三１0月試題)AｔriａlprojecｔbytｈeMontrealChildｒen’sHoｓpitａlsｕｇgeｓｔedthaｔtheuseofmedｉcalhｙpnosis(催眠)canrｅducepaiｎandanxietyinpａｔients。Theｐroｊectalsoｒesuｌtｅdinareducｔionintheamｏuntofmedicｉneｓusｅdｔoperformmedical－ｉmaｇinｇimaginｇ（醫(yī)學(xué)影像）prｏceduｒeｓ?！埃模鮮ｉnｇtｈｅe(cuò)xaminatiｏncｈildrｅnｄｏn’tmove。Itworksperfeｃtly。It'ｓaｍａziｎｇ,"saidJohanｎeL’Ｅcuｙer，amｅdiｃal-ｉｍagｉnｇteｃｈnologistatthｅhｏｓpitaｌ。TheprojectwａsｉnspiredbyaFrencｈteａmｆromRｏueｎUｎiversityＨｏsｐｉｔalCenｔrｅwhereexaminatｉonsａredoneunｄeｒｈyｐnｏsisinsteadofｇenｅralaｎesthｅsia(麻醉）。ＡＦreｎcｈmedｉcａl-iｍａｇingｔechnoloｇｉst-alsoahｙｐnotist－ｗａsｉｎvｉtedｔotraiｎafｅwmemｂeｒsｉnｔhｅｍedicａｌ—imａgingdｅpartmｅnｔofthｅcｈiｌdren’ｓhospitaｌ．Iｎall,８0eｘaminatｉonsweｒecondｕｃtedfｏｒtｈeprojｅcｔｂetweenJａｎｕaｒyａndSepｔember，２０１9，ｆocusiｎgonthｅimaｇingｐｒocedurｅsthatwouldｃａuseanxiety.．。。。．．Ｗhatiｓtheｐassａgｅmainlyabouｔ?A。Aｎeａsywayｔocｏｍmｕnicatｅwithｐaｔｉeｎts.B.Thｅstandardmethodｏfconductingｈypnｏsiｓ。C.Anｉｎtrｏducｔiｏnofmeｄical—imaｇinｇtecｈnｏlｏｇy.Ｄ.Theuseofｈypnｏｓisｉnｍedical-iｍaｇｉngprｏcedurｅs.【答案】D【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“AｔriaｌprｏjeｃtbｙｔheMｏnｔrｅalＣｈiｌｄren’ｓＨospitaｌsuggｅstedthａｔｔheusｅofmeｄicaｌｈypｎosis（催眠）canreｄucｅpａinａndanxｉetyｉｎpatiｅntｓ.Theproｊeｃtａlsorｅsultｅdinareduｃtｉoniｎtｈeamountoｆmedicinesusedtoperfoｒmmedicaｌ－imagiｎgimａgｉng（醫(yī)學(xué)影像)proceｄures。(蒙特利爾兒童醫(yī)院的一個(gè)試驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目表明催眠技術(shù)的使用可以減輕病人的痛苦和焦慮。一位法國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)影像技術(shù)專家——也是一位催眠師被邀請(qǐng)到兒童醫(yī)院的醫(yī)學(xué)影像部門培訓(xùn)幾位員工。)”可知，全文主要講述催眠技術(shù)在醫(yī)學(xué)影像程序中的應(yīng)用.故選D?！咀兪剑病浚ǎ?２３年全國(guó)高三專練)Ｉnpreviousrecｅssioｎｓ(經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退),biｌlｉoｎairesｗｅｒehｉｔaｌonｇwithtｈeｒｅｓtofus；itｔookalmosｔthreeyeaｒsfｏｒForbes’s400ｒichｅstpeopletｏrecｏverｆromlossｅｓcausedｉn20０8’ｓＧｒｅａt(yī)Reｃesｓｉon．Bｕｔinthecoronavirusｒeｃeｓｓｉoｎoｆ2020，moｓtｂｉlｌioｎaiｒｅsｈaｖegoｔteｎrｉcherthanｅｖerbeforｅ．BillionaiｒesｉｎｃrｅasedtheirnewｂｉllｉｏnsjｕsｔaｓmｉllｉonsｏfｏtherAmericａnｓｒａnｉｎtoｔｅrribｌｅfｉnaｎciaｌｐrobｌemｓ．Morｅthaｎ20mｉllionpeoｐlｅloｓttheirｊobsａt(yī)thｅstａｒtofthｅpanｄeｍｉc．Ｆoodbaｎksacrｏｓsthecｏuntｒｙａｒepreｐａrｉngforaｎothｅｒgｒｅatincreaseindｅｍaｎｄ．WhyarｅＡmｅricaｎｂiｌlionaｉｒesdoinｇsoｗｅllwhilesomanyoｔhｅrAｍeｒicａnssuｆfer？Peoｐｌeｍayfｉnｄｐartoftherｅasonsfromthefoｌlowｉnｇfａct。Sｔockｓ（股票）areｏvｅrwhelmiｎglyｏwnedbｙtｈeweａlthｙ，andtｈesｔockｍarkeｔhasrecovｅｒedfromitsearly-pａｎdemicｄeｐthsmuｃhmｏreqｕiｃｋlythaｎoｔheｒｐartsoftheeconomｙ..。。．..Whａｔdoestｈeａｕthｏｒmaｉnlytellusintｈｅpａssａｇe?A．ＦｏｏdｂanｋｓarｅｎｏteｎougｈｉntheＵｎiｔedStates。B．Therｉcheｓｔｋeｐtgettingricｈerｅveninthｅpandeｍiｃ。C。Ｔｈestockｍarkeｔrｅcoverｅdｂｅforetheｐaｎdｅmicｓtａrtｅd.Ｄ．400ｒichestpeoplerecoｖereｄfｒoｍlｏsｓｅsintheｐａnｄｅｍiｃ.【答案】B【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Butinｔheｃoｒonａvｉrusrｅcｅｓsｉｏｎof2020,mostbiｌlionaｉreshａvｅgottenricherthａnｅverbefore．"（但在2０20年的冠狀病毒衰退中,大多數(shù)億萬(wàn)富翁比以往任何時(shí)候都更富有。)可知，文章主要是講最富有的人在疫情中也變得越來(lái)越富有。故選B?！咀兪?】（２0２２年江蘇高三?？迹蘨ｇｈtpｏlluｔｉoｎｉsaｓigｎｉｆicａntｂｕｔoｖeｒloｏkeddriveｒofthｅrapiddeclｉneofｉnseｃｔｐｏpｕｌations，aｃcordｉngｔoｔｈｅmostcomｐrehｅｎsivｅｒevieｗoftheｓcientifｉcevidencetodａｔe。Ａrtificialliｇｈtａt(yī)nigｈtｃａnaｆfeｃtevｅｒyaspectofiｎsｅcts'lives，theresｅarcherssａｉｄ。＂Wｅｓtrｏnglｙbeｌievearｔｉfｉcialｌigｈtatｎight-incombinatioｎwｉthhaｂiｔaｔｌoｓs,ｃhemiｃａlpｏllutiｏn。ｉｎｖａsｉve(入侵的)specｉes,ａｎdcliｍateｃhａnｇe—isdrivinｇｉnseｃtdｅｃliｎes，"ｔｈesciｅｎtistｓconcluｄedaｆteraｓsｅsｓｉｎgmorethan1５0sｔudiｅs．Ｉnseｃtpｏpuｌaｔioｎcoｌlaｐｓｅshａｖｅbｅe(cuò)nrepoｒtedarｏｕndtheｗｏrld，andｔheｆirｓｔglｏbａｌsciｅntｉfiｃreviｅwpｕblｉshｅｄiｎFebrｕarｙ,sａidｗidｅｓpreaｄdeclinｅsｔhreateneｄtｏｃauseａ＂ｃaｔastrophiｃcoｌlapseofｎature'sｅcosｙｓteｍs”.Thｅreａｒｅtｈoｕgｈtｔobｅｍillionｓofinsecｔspecｉｅs,mostｓｔiｌluｎknowntｏscieｎｃｅ，anｄabｏuｔhalfareactiveatｎighｔ.Thoｓｅaｃtｉｖeiｎthedaｙmayalsobedｉｓturｂeｄbylｉｇｈtatnｉghtｗｈentheyareａt(yī)reｓｔ。Theｍoｓtｆａｍiliａｒｉｍpａctofligｈtpolｌutｉoｎｉｓmotｈs（飛蛾)fｌaｐpingaroundabuｌｂ,ｍｉｓtａkingitfortｈｅmoｏn。Someinsｅctsuseｔhepolaｒiｓaｔionｏｆlighttofｉndｔheｗatｅｒtheyｎｅｅdｔobｒeｅｄ,aｓｌigｈｔｗaｖｅsｌineｕｐafterrefｌecｔiｎgfromasmｏoｔhsurface．Buｔartificiａllighｔｃanscｕpper（使泡湯）this。Iｎsectｓaｒeimportantprey(獵物）ｆormａnysｐecies,butlighｔpoｌlutｉoncａnｔipｔhｅｂａｌａncｅｉｎfavｏuroftheprｅdａt(yī)ｏrifiｔｔｒapsinｓectsaroundlights。Suｃhiｎcreaｓｅsinｐredａt(yī)ｉonrｉskｗerelikeｌytocaｕｓeｔhｅraｐｉdｅｘｔinctionofafｆeｃtｅdsｐeｃies,theｒeｓearｃherssaid。Theｒesｅarcheｒssaiｄmｏsthumaｎ-cａusedthｒeａt(yī)ｓtoｉｎｓectshaveaｎａｌoguesiｎnaturｅ，suchａｓｃlimａｔechangｅandinvasivespecｉes。Butｌｉgｈｔpｏllｕtioniｓpaｒtｉcｕｌａrｌyhardforinsectstodealwｉｔh。Howｅveｒ,uｎlｉkeotherdｒiverｓoｆdｅclinｅ，ｌｉｇhtpｏlｌutｉonｉｓｒｅlatiｖelyeasｙtoｐｒevent。Siｍpｌyturningofflｉｇhtsｔhatarｅｎotｎeｅｄeｄisｔｈeｍostobｖiouｓaction，hｅsaid,wｈiｌemaｋinｇlｉghtsmotｉoｎ－acｔiｖatｅdａlsocutｓlightpollutiｏn.Ｓhａdinｇlightsｓooｎlｙtheareaneededislitｕｐｉｓimportanｔ.Itisthesaｍewｉtｈａvoiｄingblue—whitｅliｇhts,ｗｈiｃhiｎterfereｗｉtｈdａilyrhythms.LEDｌighｔsalsoofferhopeasthｅｙcａnｂeeasiｌytuｎedｔoavoidhａｒmfuｌcoｌｏursanｄflickｅrｒaｔes．Whatiｓdisｃussedｉnthepasｓaｇe？A.Causeｓofdｅclinｉnginｓectpopｕｌatiｏｎs．Ｂ．Ｃoｎsｅquenｃesofｉnsectpoｐuｌatioｎｃolｌapｓes。C。Ligｈtpollutｉon:theｋeｙbringｅroｆｉnｓecｔdeclinｅs。D．Ｉｎseｃtｄeclineｓ:thedriveｒoｆthｅcolｌapsedecosystem．【答案】Ｃ【解析】主旨大意題。由文章總領(lǐng)段第一段“Ｌigｈｔpollｕtionｉsａｓignｉｆicantｂuｔｏvｅrlooｋeddrｉｖeｒoftheｒaｐidｄecｌineofｉnsｅctpｏｐuｌａｔｉons，accoｒdingtoｔhｅｍｏstcoｍpreｈｅnsｉvｅreｖiewofｔhesｃientificevidencetoｄate。(根據(jù)對(duì)迄今為止的科學(xué)證據(jù)進(jìn)行的最全面的回顧，光污染是昆蟲數(shù)量迅速下降的一個(gè)重要但被忽視的驅(qū)動(dòng)因素)”，結(jié)合下文內(nèi)容主要圍繞介紹光污染對(duì)昆蟲減少的影響展開可知,本文主要討論昆蟲數(shù)量下降的原因。故選C項(xiàng)。（２02３年新高考I卷）OｎMarch７，1907，tｈeEnglishstaｔisticｉanFranciｓGaltｏｎｐuｂlisｈedapaperwhiｃhilluｓｔratｅｄｗhａt(yī)hascｏmeｔobｅknｏｗnａsthｅ“wisdoｍoｆcrｏwｄs”effect.Theexｐeｒimentofｅstimaｔｉｏnhecoｎdｕctedｓhoweｄthaｔiｎsｏmｅcases,tｈeaveraｇeoｆalargeｎｕmbeｒｏｆｉndependeｎtestiｍａt(yī)eｓcｏulｄｂｅｑuiｔｅaccuratｅ.Tｈｉseffecｔcａpitａlizesonthefaｃtｔhatwhｅnpｅopｌeｍａkｅｅｒｒorｓ,thoseerrorsaren'ｔalwaｙsｔheｓame.Somepｅoplewiｌlｔendtoovｅresｔimａt(yī)e,ａndｓoｍetouｎdｅresｔｉmate.Wｈｅnenouｇｈofthesｅｅrｒorsareaveragｅｄｔogetｈer，tｈeycancelｅachothｅrｏｕｔ,ｒesultinｇiｎamoreaccuratｅｅstimatｅ。Ｉｆpeoｐleareｓimilａranｄtｅndtomakethesamｅe(cuò)rrｏｒs，tｈenｔhｅｉｒｅrｒorｓwoｎ’tcａnceｌｅａchｏtheｒouｔ．Iｎmoretecｈnicａltermｓ，thｅwisdｏｍofcroｗｄsrequirｅsｔｈatpeｏｐｌe'ｓestｉｍatesbeindｅｐendent．Ｉｆfｏrｗｈatｅverreasoｎs，people’ｓｅrｒorｓbｅcoｍeｃｏrｒｅｌａt(yī)edoｒdｅpendeｎt，theaｃcuｒacyｏfｔheestimatｅwillｇｏdown．．。.。。.Whatisｐａragrapｈ２ofｔhetextｍaiｎlyabｏｕt?A.Theｍｅthodsofｅｓtiｍatioｎ.?B.Ｔheｕnderｌyinglｏgicoｆthｅｅffecｔ．Ｃ。Thecａｕsesofpeｏple’serrorｓ。?D．ＴhｅdｅsiｇnｏfGａlton’sexperｉmenｔ?！敬鸢浮緽【解析】主旨大意題.根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容“Tｈiseｆｆｅｃｔｃapitａｌiｚｅsonｔhefactthａt(yī)wｈｅｎpeｏpleｍakeｅrroｒs，thoｓeｅｒrｏrsareｎ’tａlwayｓtheｓame.Somepeoplewilｌｔendtｏｏvereｓtimａt(yī)e，ａnｄcoｍeｔｏunｄerestｉｍａｔe.Whenenｏｕghofｔhｅｓeerrｏrsareａｖerageｄtogetheｒ，thｅycanceleａchotｈｅrouｔ，resulｔinginａmoｒeａcｃｕratｅe(cuò)ｓtiｍａt(yī)e.Ｉfpeoｐｌearesｉmilaｒａnｄｔｅnｄtomaｋeｔhｅsａｍeerrors，theｎtheireｒｒorｓｗｏn'tcanceleaｃhoｔherout．Ｉnmｏretｅchnicaｌterｍs,thｅｗisdomｏfcrowdsrｅｑuｉreｓｔｈatｐｅｏｐｌe’sｅstimatｅsbｅiｎｄｅpendent。Ｉfｆｏrwhaｔeｖerｒｅaｓonｓ，ｐeｏｐlｅseｒrorsｂｅcｏmeｃorrelatedorｄependｅnt，theaccuｒacyofthｅｅｓtimatｅｗｉllgｏｄowｎ。（這種效應(yīng)利用了這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)，即當(dāng)人們犯錯(cuò)誤時(shí)，這些錯(cuò)誤并不總是相同的。有些人常常會(huì)高估,或者低估。當(dāng)這些誤差中有足夠多的誤差被平均在一起時(shí)，它們會(huì)相互抵消，從而產(chǎn)生更準(zhǔn)確的估計(jì)。如果相似的人傾向于犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤,那么他們的錯(cuò)誤不會(huì)相互抵消。從更專業(yè)的角度來(lái)說(shuō),群眾的智慧要求人們的估計(jì)是獨(dú)立的。如果由于任何原因,人們的錯(cuò)誤變得相關(guān)或依賴，估計(jì)的準(zhǔn)確性就會(huì)下降）”可知,本段闡述了人們所犯的錯(cuò)誤不總是相同的，各不相同的誤差平均在一起，相互抵消就會(huì)產(chǎn)生更準(zhǔn)確的估計(jì)，討論了獨(dú)立估計(jì)的平均如何由于誤差的消除而產(chǎn)生更準(zhǔn)確的預(yù)測(cè)。因此本段主要解釋了“群體智慧”效應(yīng)這一現(xiàn)象的基本邏輯。故選B.（20２３年高考浙江卷）AccordｉnｇtotheSolarEneｒｇyIndustｒyAｓsｏcｉaｔion,thenｕmｂeｒofsolarpaneｌｓinsｔａlleｄ(安裝）hasgrowｎrapidlｙiｎthｅpaｓｔｄecade,andithaｓｔogroｗｅｖenfaｓtｅrtｏmｅe(cuò)tclimaｔeｇoaｌｓ。Buｔallofthatgrowtｈwilｌtakｅupaloｔofsｐaｃe,aｎdthoughmｏreanｄmorｅpｅopleａｃcｅｐtｔhｅconceptofsolａrｅneｒgy，feｗlikｅlａｒｇesolａrpanｅlsｔobｅｉｎｓｔａlｌednearthｅm．Solａrdevelｏｐｅrswａｎttoputuｐpaｎelsasquicｋlｙandcheａｐlyaspossiblｅ，sotheyhaven'tgivｅnmuｃhtｈoｕghttowhaｔｔｈeyputundeｒthem．Ｏｆｔeｎ，they’llenｄupfillinｇtheaｒeａwitｈsmａllstｏnｅsandｕｓiｎｇcｈemｉcalｓtｏｃｏnｔroｌweｅｄｓ.Thｅreｓuｌtisthatmanyｃomｍuniｔｉes,ｅspeｃiallyiｎfａrｍingｒeｇｉons，seesｏlａrfarmsasdestrｏyｅrｓoｆthesoｉl?！埃樱飈arprｏjectsｎｅe(cuò)dtobｅgｏodneｉghbors，”saysＪorｄaｎＭacｋniｃk，ｔheheａdoｆｔhｅＩnnovaｔiveSitePreparaｔiｏnandImｐactRｅdｕctionsｏntheEnvirｏｎｍeｎt（ＩnSPＩRE）projeｃt．“Tｈeyｎeeｄtobｅpｒotectoｒｓofｔｈelａnｄandcｏnｔriｂutｅｔotheａgｒiculturaｌecｏnｏmy."InSPIRＥisｉnｖestiｇatｉngpracticａlａｐpｒoaｃhesto“ｌｏw—impacｔ”ｓoｌardeｖelopｍeｎt，wｈｉchfocuseｓonesｔablishinｇanｄｏperatｉnｇsｏlarｆarｍsinａｗａyｔhaｔiskｉnｄeｒtothelanｄ．Oneoｆtheeaｓｉestｌow－impactｓolarsｔｒatｅgｉesisprovidｉnghabitatfoｒpolliｎaｔorｓ(傳粉昆蟲）。Hａbitatlosｓ，ｐｅstｉcideuｓe,andｃlｉmatｅchangehaｖecauseddraｍａｔｉcｄecliｎesinｐｏｌlｉｎａｔｏｒpｏpuｌatｉｏｎsovｅrthepasｔcouｐlｅofdｅcaｄeｓ,whichhasdａmagedtheＵ。S．ａgricuｌtｕｒａｌｅｃｏｎomy.Oｖeｒ2８ｓtateshavepassedlawｓrelａt(yī)edtopoｌliｎatｏrｈabitaｔprｏteｃtionaｎｄｐeｓticiｄeｕse.Conservatｉonｏrgaｎiｚaｔionsｐutｏutpolｌｉnator-ｆｒiendlinｅssｇｕiｄeliｎesforhomｅgaｒdｅnｓ，buｓinｅssｅs，sｃhooｌs,cｉtｉｅs—andnowt