專題41閱讀理解之主旨大意題（練案）原卷版

（高考考情+思維導圖+真題演練+名校模擬）

目錄

一、閱讀理解主旨大意題高考考情............................................P.1

二、閱讀理解主旨大意題思維導圖............................................P2

三、閱讀理解主旨大意題真題演練2篇......................................................................................P3

四、閱讀理解主旨大意題名校模擬16篇......................................P5

【名校模擬一：段落大意題】.............................................P5

【名校模擬二：文章大意題】.............................................P8

【名校模擬三：記敘文標題概括題］.....................................P.12

【名校模擬四：說明文標題概括題］.....................................P.15

【名校模擬五：議論文標題概括題］.....................................P.20

【名校模擬四：新聞報道標題概括題］..................................P.22

一、閱讀理解主旨大意題高考考情

2022-2024高考閱讀理解考點統計

卷別細節理解題主旨大意題主旨大意題主旨大意題

2024新課標I卷9141

2024新課標II卷9141

2023新課標I卷6171

2023新課標II卷6171

2022新課標I卷8241

2022新課標11卷8241

2024全國甲卷7161

2023全國甲卷8151

2023全國乙卷5181

2022全國甲卷8133

2022全國乙卷10131

二、閱讀理解主旨大意題思維導圖

1.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

、二.2.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?

常見*J■方式」3.What'sthemainideaofthetext?

?4.Thet?ainideaofthesecondparagraphisprobablythat

h湯藻性強.范蓋全文“

2.確定的范朋恰當，隰不太大,也不太小。

3.精編性強,不會改變詒言表意的程度及色彩.

“蟾考生：永近把主R大意蓬放在最后健.

因為讀完全文才能把握文章主題，所以在解答此類稅目時，考生不要急于去

解裳殘知

找答案.不論它出現在什么位置都把它作為最后一道霆來做.

在做充另外幾遒強目后，無疑會方助于考生加濕對整笈文章的理解.

通過文童閱讀和其他箱目的解答,確定

文堂的主思詞，

r（第一步文童通常困繞主段詞展開，主口翻的正

瑞答案當然要包括文量主般詞或主題詞

的同義改寫詞.

1.苒段或首句開門見山指出

中心或討論的問題.

2.文章中間或段落中間給出

中心I

「主題句的四種位置*一3.文章末段或段落末句對全

文進行總結歸納，

4.文宣或毆落中不朗確給出

中心，考生要橫掘各段中心或

各句的內容進行總結.自己

推出主R；

L舉例子的句子不是主舞句，前后句可能是主題句.

主2.問句不是主愛句.?答句可能是主整句.

題3.首段轉折處簿為文章的主短句.

句4.主金句常包含文章的主意詞.

的5.支JS句常包含主次之分的表達（AratherthanB等）.

村6.主整句常包含時間提示詞（“cently.today等）.

征7.定義型的句子（becalledas,beknownas,is等）.

8.就調型的句？（stress.￡。的8等）?

9.總結型的句子（rsearchindicates等）.

根雷文章的主速詞和主髭句，概括文童主旨，

并與選項進行比對必定正綱答案.

第三步總糖文童的主XA如果文景全文祁沒有明造的主疑句，那么主題

思理要通過各段的主要內容進行歸納.這時要

首重閱讀各段的青尾句進行總結歸納.

中心句法：根綱文章中心句.提煉工意詞充當文章標題

1=1：當文章的寫作對象特點較多時，索用寫作對象的名

方法6稱充當文章的苣目

1*1=1：將文章的寫作對象和其主要特點、意義或彰響

1.歸納

文量標般,整合充當文章的逆目

微括性：埼象、準確,篇短，常用一個姆電或一句話

.特良?制對慢：標題外延檜當,與文童內容相符,越免以偏概全

M目性：就辣俞桂，激發讀石的閱讀興理

偃助段落主意句歸納常見位舌普，

首段（新聞報道、

但助文登主?常見位置9議論文,說明文）

2.概括文章/段落大整段四綱eMJLfgg大段（記敘文、議

I.文）

抵住文中出現級率較高的主跳詞.

借的主?伺購nne囂著算唉：哪層

三、閱讀理解主旨大意題真題演練

【真題演練01】【2023浙江首考】AccordingtotheSolarEnergyIndustryAssociation,thenumberofsolarpanels

installed（安裝）hasgrownrapidlyinthepastdecade,andithastogrowevenfastertomeetclimategoals.Butall

ofthatgrowthwilltakeupalotofspace,andthoughmoreandmorepeopleaccepttheconceptofsolarenergy,

fewlikelargesolarpanelstobeinstallednearthem.

Solardeveloperswanttoputuppanelsasquicklyandcheaplyaspossible,sotheyhaven'tgivenmuch

thoughttowhattheyputunderthem.Often,they911endupfillingtheareawithsmallstonesandusingchemicals

tocontrolweeds.Theresultisthatmanycommunities,especiallyinfarmingregions,seesolarfarmsasdestroyers

ofthesoil.

“Solarprojectsneedtobegoodneighbors,9,saysJordanMacknick,theheadoftheInnovativeSite

PreparationandImpactReductionsontheEnvironment（InSPIRE）project.""Theyneedtobeprotectorsoftheland

andcontributetotheagriculturaleconomy.^^InSPIREisinvestigatingpracticalapproachesto"low-impact“solar

development,whichfocusesonestablishingandoperatingsolarfarmsinawaythatiskindertotheland.Oneof

theeasiestlow-impactsolarstrategiesisprovidinghabitatforpollinators（傳粉昆蟲）.

Habitatloss,pesticideuse,andclimatechangehavecauseddramaticdeclinesinpollinatorpopulationsover

thepastcoupleofdecades,whichhasdamagedtheU.S.agriculturaleconomy.Over28stateshavepassedlaws

relatedtopollinatorhabitatprotectionandpesticideuse.Conservationorganizationsputoutpollinator-friendliness

guidelinesforhomegardens,businesses,schools,cities-andnowthereareguidelinesforsolarfarms.

Overthepastfewyears,manysolarfarmdevelopershavetransformedthespaceundertheirsolarpanelsinto

ashelterfbrvariouskindsofpollinators,resultinginsoilimprovementandcarbonreduction."These

pollinator-friendlysolarfarmscanhaveavaluableimpactoneverythingthafsgoingoninthelandscape,9,says

Macknick.

32.Whatdosolardevelopersoftenignore?

A.Thedeclineinthedemandforsolarenergy.

B.Thenegativeimpactofinstallingsolarpanels.

C.Therisinglaborcostofbuildingsolarfarms.

D.Themostrecentadvancesinsolartechnology.

33.WhatdoesInSPIREaimtodo?

A.Improvetheproductivityoflocalfarms.

B.Inventnewmethodsforcontrollingweeds.

C.Makesolarprojectsenvironmentallyfriendly.

D.Promotetheuseofsolarenergyinruralareas.

34.Whatisthepurposeofthelawsmentionedinparagraph4?

A.Toconservepollinators.B.Torestrictsolardevelopment.

C.Todiversifytheeconomy.D.Toensurethesupplyofenergy.

35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitlefbrthetext?

A.Pollinators:ToLeaveortoStayB.SolarEnergy:HopefbrtheFuture

C.InSPIRE:ALeaderinAgricultureD.SolarFarms:ANewDevelopment

【真題演練02]（2022新高考I卷D篇）

Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthecommon"m"and"a"totherareclicksof

somesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmorecommonthanothers?Aground-breaking,

five-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalf

theworld'slanguages.

Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas"f'

and"v”,weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.Nowateamofresearchersledby

DamianBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.

Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned（對齊），makingit

hardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjaws

changedtoanoverbitestructure（結構），makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.

TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithic

period.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn'thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn'tgrow

tobesolarge.

Analysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworld

languagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof"f'andt6v,5increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousand

years.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.

Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeings

evolvedaround300,000yearsago."Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincethe

appearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofa

complexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution/9saidStevenMoran,amemberofthe

researchteam.

32.WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamianBlasi'sresearchfocuson?

A.Itsvariety.B.Itsdistribution.C.Itsquantity.D.Itsdevelopment.

33.Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?

A.Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.

B.Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.

C.Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.

D.Theirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.

34.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?

A.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.

B.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.

C.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.

D.Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.

35.WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhumanspeechsounds?

A.Itiskeytoeffectivecommunication.

B.Itcontributesmuchtoculturaldiversity.

C.Itisacomplexanddynamicsystem.

D.Itdrivestheevolutionofhumanbeings.

四、閱讀理解主旨大意題名校模擬

【名校模擬一：段落大意題】

（2024-四川樂山?三模）Anotheryearofrecordfossilfuelburningleadingtorecordhighglobal

temperatures.Timeisrunningouttosolvetheclimatecrisis,andgreatdisasterscomenearus.You'reprobably

usedtosuchheadlines,andyoumayhavemomentsofhopelessnessaboutthefuture.Butcanyouturnsuchgloom

（灰暗）messagingofclimatecrisisintomeaningfulchange?Ourrecentglobalstudysaysyes-butthemessages

mustbeusedwisely.

In2019,inhisbook,DavidWallace-Wellspaintedaterrifyinglandscapeofthesufferingawaitingusifwe

don'taddressclimatechange,leavingmanyfeelingconsumedbyfearandhelplessness.Noteveryoneisafanof

hisgloommessaging.ClimatescientistslikeMichaelMannhavewarnedagainstit,messagingthatitcandepress

anddiscouragethepublic,andleadtofurtherclimateinaction.AndthetitleofanewbookbyHannahRitchie

statesclearlythatifsNottheEndoftheWorld:HowWeCanBetheFirstGenerationtoBuildaSustainable

Planet.

Tohelpfigureoutthepreciseimpactofclimategloommessaging,werecentlycompletedalarge

experiment.Ourfindingsrevealedthatgloommessagingwashighlyeffectiveforstimulatingclimatechange

informationsharing,likepostingontheInternetorsocialmedia.Wallace-Wellswasrightinthisaspect.ButMann

andRitchiewerealsoright.Hearingthesemessagesactuallydecreasedpeople'spositivebehaviorsagainst

environmentalpollution-whenfacedwiththeenormousmessagesoftheclimatecrisis,individual-levelactions

mightseemfutile（徒勞的）.Sogloommessagingcandoboththings:causehelplessness,discouraging

individual-levelaction;butalsomotivatepeopletospreadtheword.

Ourresearchalsofoundseveralothermessagesthatmovedtheneedleonclimatechangebeliefsand

actions.Thissuggeststhatunderstandinghowdifferentmessageswork,andinwhatcontexts,willbecriticalto

changingbeliefs,spreadingtheword,andmotivatingaction.

1.Whatmessagedoesgloommessagingintendtodeliver?

A.Theunstoppabletendencytodisasters.

B.Disastrouseffectsofburningfossilfuels.

C.Theurgencytodealwithclimatecrisis.

D.Confidenceinenvironmentalprotection.

2.WhydosomeclimatescientistsdisagreewithWallace-Wells5view?

A.Becausetheydon'tbelievethereissevereclimatecrisis.

B.Becausetheyfearitwillleadtomoreenvironmentalpollution.

C.Becausetheyplantobuildanewworldinanotherplanet.

D.Becausetheyworryitmakespeoplegiveupclimateactions.

3.Howdoesgloommessagingaffectthepublicaccordingtoparagraph3?

A.Itencouragespeopletofightagainstclimatechange.

B.Itincreasespeople'sawarenessofclimatecrisis.

C.Ithasnoimpactonclimatechangebehaviors.

D.Itmisleadspeopleintospreadingwrongnews.

4.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Thelackofsolutionforinspiringclimateactions.

B.Gloommessages9influencesonclimatebehaviors.

C.Theimportanceofstudyingdifferentmessages5effects.

D.Rightattitudestoclimatechangebeliefsandbehaviors.

（2024?安徽合肥?模擬預測）“Theantandthezebra,,soundslikethetitleofoneofAesop'sfables（寓言）.

Likeallgood,fables,thisonehasamoral,whichisthathumaninterventioninnaturehasunpredictable

consequences.UnliketheGreekoriginals,though,thisfableisreal.

ThestoryplaysoutinLaikipiacounty,Kenya,wherethebig-headedants,aninvasive（入侵的）species

havegraduallybeenreplacingthenativeacaciaants.AsMrKamaru,aKenyanbiologistfromtheUniversityof

Wyoming,andhiscolleaguesreportinScience,theantinvasionhastriggeredacomplicatedchainof

consequenceswhichhashelpedzebrasattheexpenseofbuffaloes,thusneatlyillustratingaphenomenoncalled

trophiccascade（營養級鏈）.

Itworkslikethis.Akindoftree-whistling-thorntrees-providestheantswithshelterandfood.The

ants,meanwhile,protectthetreesbyseeingoffthechiefthreattothem,thelocalelephants,whicharenotkeento

eattrees,crawlingwithbitinginsects.However,big-headedantsarenotsogoodatkeepingtheelephantsatbay

（陷入困境）.Theelephantsmoveinandchewthetrees,removingmuchofthearea'scover.Thatthrowsthelocal

lionsintoconfusion,whichoftenusethiscovertohidewhenhuntingzebras.Tocompensate（補償）,thelions

switchtohuntingbuffaloes,whicharemoredangerous,butrunslower.

MrKamaruhasputnumberstotheprocesstoo.Ininvadedareas,elephantsbreaktreesfivetoseventimes

asoftenasinuninvadedones.Andinthoseuninvadedplaces,zebrakillsarealmostthreetimesasfrequentas

thoseintheinvadedones.Indeed,between2003and2020,asthebig-headedantsspread,theproportion（比區U）of

locallionkillswherethevictimwasazebrafellfrom67%to42%.Onthecontrary,overthesameperiod,the

proportionofbuffalokillsrosefromzeroto42%.Whetherthebuffaloesblametheantsfbrtheirmisfortune,no

oneknows.

5.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Howhumanactivitiesimpactnature.

B.Whatthephenomenonoftrophiccascadeis.

C.Howthebig-headedantsinvadeacountyinKenya.

D.Whythestoryaboutdifferentspeciesissignificant.

6.Whoaretherealvictimsinthechain?

A.Lions.B.Buffaloes.C.Elephants.D.Zebras.

7.WhydoesMrKamaruputnumbersinhisreport?

A.Toshowtheresults.B.Toexplainthereasons.

C.Toanalyzetheprocess.D.Togivesomeexamples.

8.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.TheMisfortuneofAnimalsB.TheSecretsofNature

C.HowZebrasandAntsBecomeFriendsD.HowAntsPersuadedLionstoEatBuffaloes

（2024*黑龍江?三模）Americancompanieshavelearnedtoloverenewableresources.Now,theyare

beginningtogetinvolvedinnext-generationclimatesolutions.

Anadvancedgeothermal（地熱的）projectsupportedbyGooglebegangeneratingelectricitylastweek,abig

stepinseekingfortechnologythatcanaffordablyfillgapsinwindandsolargenerationwithcarbon-freepower.

ThepilotprojectinnorthernNevadausesdrillingandflacking（水力壓裂法）techniquesemployedbytheoiland

gasindustrytogetheatfromEarthtogeneratepower.

GeothermaltechnologyhaslongbeenviewedasapotentialwaytotapthenaturalheatofEarthtomake

carbon-freepower.Butithastraditionallybeenlimitedtolocationswheretherearenaturalundergroundlakesof

hotwater,whicharehardtoaccess.In2021,geothermalenergyaccountedforlessthanhalfapercentof

America'spowergeneration.

FervoEnergy,aHouston-basedstartupgivesananswer-tousedrillingandfrackingtechniques

InNevada,thecompanydrilledtwowellstoadepthofabout8,000feetandthenextendedthem

horizontally（水平地）formorethan3,000feet.ThenFervoinjected（注入）coldwaterunderhighpressuretocause

therockbetweenthewellstobefracked,creatingfractures（裂縫）.Wateristhenpumpedintothefirstwell,

absorbingheatasitflowsthroughthefracturesandreturningtothesurfaceviathesecondwellattemperatures

highenoughtomakesteamandspinanengine.

Theprojectrepresentsaconvergenceoftwocompanies9climateambitions.Fervohadsoughttoapply

advancesinoilandgasdrillingtogeothermaltechnology.Butfindingfinancingtoprovethatthecompany*s

technologyworkedwasachallenge.LuckilyforFervo,Googlehadjuststartedreconsideringit;approachtoclean

energyaroundthetimewhenFervowaslookingtotestitstechnology.

“Thedemandforclean,firmpowerissourgent,especiallynow,^^saidGabrielMalek,chiefofstaffatFervo.

“Andwe*rerecognizingthatthegeothermalprojectisoneworkableoptionavailabletous.Itispromising,

actually.

9.Whatistheproblemwithgeothermalenergy?

A.Itisinlittledemand.B.ItstillproducesCO2.

C.Itisnoteasytoemploy.D.ItisrarelyseenonEarth

10.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?

A.Howdrillingandfrackingtechniquescome.

B.HownaturalheatonEarthcomesintobeing.

C.Fervo'ssolutiontopollutioncausedbyenergy.

D.Fervo'sapproachtoharvestinggeothermalenergy.

11.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“convergence“inparagraph6?

A.Source.B.Barrier.C.Combination.D.Shift.

12.WhatdoGabrielMalek'swordssuggest?

A.Hiscompanyhasself-fundedtheproject.

B.Heishopefulaboutthegeothermalproject.

C.Hepromisestoprovidecleanpowerforfree.

D.Hiscompanycooperateswithmanybusinesses.

【名校模擬二：文章大意題】

（2024?湖北武漢?模擬預測）Whenheflaggedmedown,Ithoughthewasaneldercollectinga"customs

fbe”,thefewdollarsitcoststousevillageroadsthatleadtomanyofSamoa'ssights.He'dbeensittinglazilyina

greyingroadsideshack（棚子）builtforsuchoccasions.NormallyIwouldn'tpickupafreerider.ButItriedtolive

outadream.

rdwantedtogotoPulemeleiMoundsinceI'dhearditmentionedinanarchaeologyclassyearsago.The

“mound"isactuallyapyramid40feethighandroughly200feetacrossatitsbase.So,Iasked,<aDoyouknow

howtogettoPulemeleiMound?^^

“Mmm,"hesaid,raisinghiseyebrowsintheclassicPolynesiangesturefor"yes"."Ineedtopickupmycar

atthemechanicbutnohurry,riltakeyoutherefirstifyouwant.^^

You'dthinkthatagiantpyramidwouldbeamajorsight,oratleastsomethingmanypeoplehadheardof,

butitisn't.Myaccidentalfriend^raiseoftheeyebrowswasthemostpromisingprospectI'dhadinaweek.

Wedrovealongtheroadinsilenceforafewminutes.Thenmynewfriendbrokethesilenceand,

meanwhile,myhopes.'TveneverbeentoPulemelei,^^hesaid."I'velivedherebutIneverthoughtofgoing."My

heartsank.Butwepressedon,crossingastream,walkingthroughwaist-highgrass,andthenanothermileofhot

walkuntilwefoundasign.There,barelyvisible,werethewords:"PulemeleiMound150m^^.Thesignmarkeda

darktunnelofjungle.Thenthepathopenedtoraysofsunshine.Weclimbed.Andthen,magic.Wewerestanding

ontopofaPolynesianpyramid.

Justthen,myfriend,obviouslyawedbywhathesaw,turnedtowardme,andplacedhisbigSamoanhands

onmyshoulders.Inthemostnaturalway,hebentdownandkissedmegentlyonthecheek.

“Thankyou,^^hesaid.

1.WhafsthepurposeoftheSamoanmanflaggingmedown?

A.Tothumbaride.B.Toaskfordirections.

C.Tocollectacustomsfee.D.Towarnofaroadaccident.

2.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribetheauthor?

A.Informedbutrigid.B.Hesitantbutagreeable.

C.Skepticalandreserved.D.Curiousandadventurous.

3.WhydidtheSamoanmanthanktheauthorintheend?

A.Hehadlivedouthisdream.B.Hewastakentothemechanic.

C.Heenjoyedtheauthor'scompany.D.Heexperiencedthethrillofdiscovery.

4.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.APolynesianvillage.B.AfamousSamoansight.

C.Achanceencounter.D.Anelderprotectinglocalroads.

（2024?重慶?三模）Urbanagriculture,thepracticeoffarmingwithinthelimitsofacity,isbecoming

increasinglypopularworldwideandisconsideredawaytomakecitiesandurbanfoodsystemsmoresustainable.

Despitestrongevidenceofthesocialandnutritionalbenefitsofurbanagriculture,itscarbonfootprintremains

understudied.

Mostpreviouslypublishedstudieshavefocusedonhigh-tech,energy-intensiveformsofurbanagriculture

一suchasvertical（垂直的）farmsandrooftopgreenhouses.Thenewstudyaimedtofillsomeoftheknowledge

gapsbycomparingthecarbonfootprintsoffoodproducedatlow-techurbanagriculturesitestoconventional

crops.

Theresearcherscalculatedthegreenhousegasemissions（排放）associatedwithon-farmmaterialsand

activitiesoverthelifetimeofthefarm.Theemissions,expressedinkilogramsofcarbondioxideequivalentsper

servingoffood,werethencomparedtofoodsraisedbyconventionalmethods.

Farmersandg