學必求其心得，業必貴于專精學必求其心得，業必貴于專精學必求其心得，業必貴于專精Module5GreatPeopleandGreatInventionsofAncientChinaPeriod2Readingandvocabularyeq\o(\s\up7(),\s\do5（整體設計)）教學內容分析Readingandvocabulary是本模塊主要的精讀材料.該部分介紹了中國古代三位思想家以及他們的學說。通過完成與課本內容和詞匯有關的練習，學生可以熟悉課文內容和學會使用與課文內容有關的詞匯。學生可以通過在文章當中學到的詞匯和句子來描述一位中國歷史上的偉大人物。培養學生速讀獲取大意,細讀獲取細節信息的能力。讀后活動深化學生對文章的理解，有助于全面把握有效信息。三維目標設計Knowledgeandskills1．Tohelpthestudentslearnthefollowingwordsandexpression.Words：order,principle，position，stress，resign，adviser，influential，loveExpression:beatwarwith2．Tohelpthestudentsrevisethefollowingwordsandexpressions.Words：influence,government,found，treat，badly，behaviourExpressions：besimilarto，bringup,fromstatetostate，comefrom，becomefamousfor3．TohelpthestudentsmasterthewayofdescribingonegreatpersonofancientChina。4．Tohelpthestudentsknowthegeneralideaandthestructureofthepassagebyscanningandskimming。Processandmethods1．Toencouragethestudentstotakeanactivepartinthelearningactivitiesbygivingthemclearinstructionsonwhattodowhilereadinganewpassage。Inaddition,correctpossiblemistakestheymightmakeinaproperwaybymakingnecessarychangeswhilerepeatingtheirsentences.2．Toencouragethestudentstocooperatewiththeothersbyworkinginpairsoringroupsoffour。3．Tomakesurethatthestudentspayattentiontotheimportantpointsbyaskingthemtorepeatsomeofthestatementsmadebyboththeteacherandotherstudents。Emotion，attitudeandvalue1．TohelpthestudentsenlargetheknowledgeofgreatpeopleandgreatinventionsofancientChina。2．TohelpthestudentsraisetheawarenessoflovingthegreatachievementsinculturemadebygreatpeopleofancientChina.3．Tohelpthestudentsappreciatetheadvantageofcooperativelearning。教學重點1．Tohelpthestudentslearntoreadapassageinaproperwayandimprovetheirabilityofskimmingandscanning。2．TohelpthestudentslearntoorganisetheirownsentencestodescribeonegreatpersonofancientChina.教學難點1．TohelpthestudentsdescribeonegreatpersonofancientChina。2．Tocarryoutaccurateevaluationwhiledealingwiththestudents'sentencestheymaketoexpresstheirideasinclass.eq\o（\s\up7()，\s\do5（教學過程））Step1Pre.reading【2min。】Lead-inAskthestudentstolookatsomepicturesofgreatpeopleofancientChina.Thentheteachercansaysomethinglikethis：Doyouknowthem？TheseareConfucius，MenciusandMozi。Doyouwanttoknowmoreaboutthem？OK,soonyouwill。Step2While.reading【33min。】Task1ReadPhilosophersofAncientChinaandmatchthewordswiththedefinitions。1．First,askthestudentstoreadthewordsintheboxandrepeatthemaftertheteacher。Thenaskthestudentsthemeaningsofthem.eq\x(order(n.）bringupfound（v.）principlebelief）2．Askthestudentstoreadthroughthearticlequicklyandsilently。Givethemthesuggestionthattheyshouldfocusonthegeneralideaandnotonthedetailedmeaning。Makesuretheydon'treadthetextaloud。3．Askthestudentstodoactivity1individually。Thendiscusstheiranswerswiththeirpartners.1）anideathatinfluencesthewayyoubehave2）tostartanorganisationorphilosophy3）thefeelingthatsomethingistrueandexists4）whenpeopleobeylawsandrulesanddonotcausetrouble5）tolookafterchildrenuntiltheyareadults4．Collecttheanswersfromthewholeclass，havingonestudentgivethedefinitionandanothertheword.ANSWERS1)principle2）found3)belief4）order5)bringupTask2Findthewordsandphrasesinthepassagethatmatchthesedefinitions。1）gavealotofimportanceto2）job3）doingwhathesuggested4)tellyouremployerthatyouaregoingtoleaveyourjob5）someonewhogivesadvice6）havingalotofinfluence1．First,askthestudentstoreadthesixdefinitionsandfindthewordswhichmatchthem。2．Theycandiscusstheiranswerswiththeirpartners。3．Collecttheanswersfromthewholeclass,havingonestudentgivethedefinitionandanothertheword。ANSWERS1)stressed2）position3)followingsomeone’sadvice4）resign5)adviser6)influentialTask3Readthepassageagain。Choosethecorrectanswers.1)TheChinesepeopleforover2，000years。（a)followedConfucius'steachings（b）influencedConfucius2）Menciusbelievedthatpeopleareimportantthanrulers.（a)less（b)more3）Mohismbegan。(a）in476BC(b)byMozi4）Mozididnotagreewith.(a)kindness(b)war5）Menciushadimportantgovernmentpositions,。(a)butMozididnot(b）andsodidMozi1．Askthestudentstoreadthepassagequicklyagain。2．Havethestudentsdothisactivityindividually，andthencheckwithapartner.3．Collecttheanswersfromthewholeclass，withcompletesentences.ANSWERS1)a2)b3)b4）b5)a4．ChecktheiranswerstoIntroductionactivity2accordingtothepassage.Task4Pairwork。1．Askthestudentstoreadthroughthearticlecarefully.2．Askthestudentstotranslatethefollowingsentencesinthepassage.Theycancheckwithapartner。Afterthat，collecttheanswersfromthewholeclass.1）AncientChinawasaplacewherestateswereoftenatwarwitheachother.2）Butitwasalsoatimewhenthereweremanygreatphilosophers。3)Confucius（551BC。479BC）isthephilosopherwhoseinfluencehasbeenthegreatest.4)MenciuswasathinkerwhoseteachingswereverysimilartothoseofConfucius.5)Formanyyearshetravelledfromstatetostate，teachingtheprinciplesofConfucius。6)Menciusbelievedthatthereasonwhymanisdifferentfromanimalsisthatmanisgood.ANSWERS1)古代中國是一個政權之間經常發生戰爭的地方.2)但那也是一個產生眾多哲學家的時期。3)孔子(公元前551—公元前479)是影響最大的哲學家。4）孟子是思想家，他的理論和孔子的理論很相似。5）多年來他一直周游列國，宣揚孔子的學說。6)孟子認為人不同于動物的原因在于人是善良的。3．Askthestudentstofillintheblanksindividuallyfirstwithoutreferringtothepassageandthenchecktheiranswerswiththeirpartners.Afterthat,collecttheanswersfromthewholeclass.AncientChinawasaplace__1__stateswereoften__2__witheachother。Butitwasalsoatime__3__thereweremanygreatphilosophers。Confuciusisthephilosopher__4__influencehasbeenthegreatest。He__5__theimportanceofkindness，dutyandorderinsociety.Chinesesocietywas__6__bytheseideasformorethan2,000years。Menciuswasathinkerwhose__7__werevery__8__tothoseofConfucius。Hewas__9__byhismother。Formanyyearshe__10__fromstatetostate,__11__theprinciplesofConfucius.Menciusbelievedthatthereason__12__manisdifferentfromanimalsisthatmanisgood。ANSWERS1.where2。atwar3。when4.whose5.stressed6.influenced7.teachings8.similar9.broughtled11.teaching12。whyStep3Post。reading（groupwork）【8min.】TaskRole。playWorkingroupsoffour：Imagineyou’reoneofthethreegreatphilosophers.Introduceyourselftothekinginordertobehisadviser.Ifyouaretheking，whowillyouchooseasyouradviser？Explainyourreason.Step4Makingasummary【2min。】Summarisethewholeperiod。First,emphasisetheproperwayofreadingapassage—firstfocusonthegeneralideaandthengetsomedetailedinformationasrequired。Then,forabetterunderstandingitisimportanttoknowhowapassageisorganised.Step5HomeworkAskthestudentstowriteapassageofabout60wordsaboutEmerson。愛默生簡介：1．愛默生出生于波士頓。2.美國的思想家、詩人、作家。3.8歲左右父親去世，由母親和姑母撫養成人。4。他通過論文和演講表達自己的思想.5。是個人主義(individualism）的倡導者（champion）。6。他的思想對后來的作家、思想家有深遠影響。7。美國前總統林肯稱他為“美國的孔子”.eq\o（\s\up7（），\s\do5(教學參考）)Mencius“Neitherrichesnorhonourscancorrupthim,neitherpovertynorlowlyconditioncanmakehimswervefromprinciple,neitherthreatsnorforcecanbendhim."TheseforcefulwordsrepresentMencius'smoralstandard.Overthepast2，000yearsandmore，theChinesehavefollowedthesewordsasamotto.Menciuswasbornin372BCanddiedin289BCattheageof84.Kewashispersonalname.MenciuswasanotherrepresentativeofConfucianismafterConfucius.HewasworshippedastheSecondSageinancientChina。HewasanoutstandingthinkerandeducatorintheWarringStatesPeriod.MenciuswasanativeofZouchenginpresent-dayShandongProvince.Hisfatherdiedwhenhewasthreeyearsold.HismotherZhangbroughthimup.ThestoryofMencius’smotherlecturinghersonhasbeenhandeddownformanycenturies。Mencius'smothersparednopainstomovethreetimesinordertofindaplacewherehersoncouldlearnandgrowupproperly。Mencius'smothertoldhersonthatlearningwassomethinglikeweavinganditcouldnotbeinterrupted,otherwiseallthepreviouseffortswouldbewasted。Asidefromtakingstudentsandgivinglectures,Menciusbegantogetintouchwithpoliticalfiguresinvariousstateswhenhewas40.Hetouredthestatestopublicisehistheoryandpoliticalviews。“Benevolentgovernment"wasthequintessenceofMencius'politicalideas.“Benevolentgovernment"wasaninheritanceanddevelopmentofConfucius's“theoryofbenevolence”．Confucius’s“benevolence”isanethicalconceptwithverybroadmeanings.Itsquintessenceisto“loveallmen”．MenciusdevelopedConfucius's“theoryofbenevolence”intoanadministrativeprogrammecoveringtheideological,political，economicandculturalfields。Itmeans“benevolentgovernment”．Itsquintessenceisalsodeepsympathyandloveforthepeople.PoliticallyMenciusmaintainedthat“thepeoplearethefoundationofanation”．Hesaid，“Thepeoplearethemostimportantelementinanation;thespiritsofthelandandgrainarethenext；thesovereignisthelightest.”Hesaidthatifthesovereignhadmademistakes，thesubjectscouldremonstratewithhimandifherejectedtheremonstrancetimeandtimeagain，hecouldbeoverthrown。Menciusopposedwarsofannexation。Heheldthatthewarsweretooruthlessandthecountryshouldbeunifiedby“abenevolentgovernment”．EconomicallyMenciusmaintainedthat“thepeopleshouldhaveimmovableproperty”,thefarmersshouldhavetheproperri