專業英語八級模擬試卷8（共9套）

（共566題）

專業英語八級模擬試卷第1套

一、聽力復合式聽寫（本題共70題，每題7.0分，共

70分。）

ClocksthroughTimeIttookhumanbeingalongtimetoinventdiversewaysfortelling

time.About3000yearsagopeoplefirstmadeacirclewithastickinthecenterofitto

[1]thepassageoftimebynoticingvariousmarksonthecircletheshadowofthestick

fellacross.Sincethesekindsofcirclesthatarecalled[2]didnotworkwithoutthesun,

menhadtofindotherwaystokeeptrackoftime,includinga[3]candleonwhicheach

stripetookaboutonehourtomelt,awaterclockwhichhadalinewithanumberbesideit

foreveryhourandan[4]whichfollowedtheinventionofglassblowing.Thefirst

clockwithafaceandanhourhandwasinventedabout600yearsagoforfewpeople.

Withthegradually[5]useofclocks,theywerebeautifully[6],thoughtheycouldnot

keepcorrecttime.Scarcelyhadclocksbeenmadesmallenoughtobecarriedwhen

watchescameintouse.Asthebeginningofthestyleof"grandfatherclocks,Hwhichwere

enclosedintallwoodenboxes,the[7]clockwasmadein1657.In1700,therewere

clockswithrninnreandsecondhands.About200yearslater,aclockiscommonlyusedin

everyhouseandawatchisalmostusedbyevery[8]gentleman.Anewlycreatedclock

thatshowsthetimeexactlyisso-called[9]clock.Nowadayssuchaclockhasmore

andmorecomplicatedfunctions.[10]asclocksandwatchesare,timemeansdifferent

thingstodifferentnations.

1、

標準答案：measure

知識點解析：暫無解析

2、

標準答案:sundial

知識點解析：暫無解析

3、

標準答案:striped

知識點解析：暫無解析

4、

標準答案：hourglass

知識點解析：暫無解析

5、

標準答案：popular

知識點解析：暫無解析

6、

標準答案：decorated

知識點解析：暫無解析

7、

標準答案：pendulum

知識點解析：暫無解析

8、

標準答案：well-dressed

知識點解析：暫無解析

9、

標準答案：digital/electric

知識點解析：暫無解析

10、

標準答案：Important

知識點解析：暫無解析

二、聽力對話組題（本題共5題，每題7.0分，共5

分。）

Whatarcthespeakersmainlydiscussing?

11>Whatarethespeakersmainlydiscussing?

A、Membershipsinafoodco-up.

B、Thebenefitsofhealthfood.

C、Shoppinginthesupermarket.

D、Thecurrentcostoftoo

標準答案：A

知識點解析：在對話中反復出現“co-up”這個詞，而且A提出的問題也多半與co?up

有關，如“Howdoyouandyourhousematesliketheco-up?”"Whatdomembershave

todo?”“Justtopayamembershipfee?”從這幾句話不難判斷答案A是正確選擇。

12、Whatchangedoesthewomansuggesttheco-upmake?

A、Loweringitsprices.

B、Sellingmorehouseholdnecessities.

C、Changingitsmembershiprules.

D、Openingupmorecheckoutlines.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：女生B在向A同學介紹co-up情況時提到“Theco-updoesn'tcarry

everything.Sowestillwindupgoingtothesupermarkettoofbrcleaningsupplies,

batteries,thatsortofthing.”其中談到的cleaningsuppliers等都是日常所需用品,因此

說明co-up在這些物品方面比較缺乏。因此應選B。

Whatisonethingthemembersoftheco-upmustdo?

A^Avoidjunkfood.

B、Attendmonthlymeetings.

C、Ruycleaningsuppliesattheco-up.

D、Workattheco-up.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：文中提到會員義務有幾點：交會費，出席會議和定期在co-up里工

作，在答案中只涉及到后兩項。文中提到會議時說“attendanceisn'trequired”而工作

必須參加，因此選D。

14、Whymightthemanjointheco-up?

A、Tosavemoneyonfood.

B、Tobuyfoodwithoutadditives.

C>Todoallhisshoppinginoneplace.

D、Tomeetotherhealth-consciouspeopl

標準答案：B

知識點解析：聽力材料中男同學問女同學co-up內出售的食品是否有添加劑，并表

示這一點是決定他是否加入co-up的主要原因，因比可以看出他對健康食品是很關

注的，因此應選B。

15、What'stheadvantagefbrthepeoplewhojointheco-upfor6monthperiod?

A、Themembershipfeeislower.

B、Theycanhelpchoosedieproductsdialwillbesold.

C^Theymayattendfewermeetings.

D^Theymaygototheco-upmoretimesperweek.

標準答案：A

知識點解析：在聽力材料中A講道“Asixmonthmembershipcostsasmuchas5

individualmonths”說明半年的會費權相當于5個月的會費，也就是說其中包含的優

惠條件就是費用較低。

三、聽力新聞（本題共5題，每題7.0分，共5分。）

willreplacetobecomechiefExecutiveofManchesterPIC.

16、willreplacetobecomechiefExecutiveofManchesterPIC.

AxMartinEdwards,PeterKenyon

B、PeterKenyon,MartinEdwards

C、MartinKenyon,PeterEdwards

D、PeterEdwards,MartinKenyon

標準答案：B

知識點解析：馬丁?愛德華茲下臺后，彼德?肯揚是其繼任，只要抓住這兩個信息

點，便很容易找到問題的正確答案B。

17、Edwardshadbeenexpectedtoleave.

A、onAugust1,2000

B、onJuly14,2000

C^inSeptember,2000

D、inSeptember,2001

標準答案：A

知識點解析：幾個相關三期發生的事件分別是：2（X）（）年8月1日，愛德華茲將要

離任；2000年9月為原定愛德華茲的離任時間；2000年7月14日為該俱樂部在網

上發表聲明時間；而2001年9月尚未提及。故根據題意，答案應選A。

EMIis.

18、EMIis.

A、theworld'sfirstmajormusiccompany

B、theworld'sthirdlargestrecordcompany

C、theworld'slargestOE-linemusicprovider

D、theworld'slargestsoftwarecompany

標準答案：B-

知識點解析：本題的幾個選項均有一定迷惑性，若對所給信息理解有誤極易造成錯

選。A項（EMI為世界最大的音樂公司）似乎與材料中某些內容相符，但實際大有出

入，試與原聽力材料比較：EMI于周二成為第一家在網上大量發售其唱片的大音

樂公司。選項c（世界上最大的在線音樂供應商）及D（世界上最大的軟件公司）文中均

未提及，因此只有B（世界上第三大錄音公司）與原交內容相符，為正確答案。

19、EMI'sdownloadingtrialwasbetween.

A、therecordingindustryandon-linerecordcompanies

B、therecordingindustryanddownloading-programoperators

C、EMIandon-linemusicproviders

D、EMIandMP3

標準答案：C

知識點解析：根據所供信息可知這場官司是在“這家錄音公司(Iherecordingindustry)

和諸如MP3等在線音樂供應商之間展開的，而此處，這家錄音公司”正是EMI。因

此A、B均與原聽力材料內容不符，而D中只提到一家在線音樂供應商，犯了以

偏概全的錯誤，因此正確答案為C。

20>ThepopularMP3technology.

A、allowsfanstocopysongsonceortwice

allowsconsumerstoturnthesongtoaCDthreetimes

C^allowsconsumerstosendthesongtoaportabledevicetwice

D、isacompressionformatthatturnsmusiconcompactdiscsintosmallcomputerfiles

標準答案：D

知識點解析?：解答該題的關鍵在于比較選項中的細節與原聽力材料的差異。A項將

原聽力材料中的“againandagain"偷換成“onceortwice“；B項將"twice"偷換成"three

times”；C項將“ihreetimes”偷換成“twice”，因此均不正確，只有D為正確答案。

四、常規閱讀理解(本題共20題，每題1.0分，共20

分。)

I'mMargeryHooper,yourcoursecoordinator,I'dliketowelcomeyoualltoGrange

ManorSummerMusicSchool.Ihopeyou'11enjoyyourlifehere.Ifyouhaveanything

unclear,don'thesitatetoask.Asyouknow,wearerunningthree-weeklycourses

currentlythisyear:HistoryofMusic,PrincipleTutorprofessorHepworth;Choral

Singing,conductedbyArchibaldBlakefromtheRoyalInstituteofMusic;and,lastbut

notleast,anewdepartureforus,classicalGuitarforBeginners,TutorCliveMortimer.

Nowyouallknow-atleastIhopeyoudowhatcourseyouareregisteredfor.Assoonas

you'vehadtea,we'dlikeyoutoreporttooursecretary,MissMathews-you'llfindherin

theofficeonthefirstfloor.She'llgiveyouyourcoursenumberandtimetableandexplain

wherethevariousclassroomsare,whatbooksyou'llneed,andwhethertheyareavailable

inthelibrary.Besides,she'llgiveyoudetailedinformationabouthowyouarescored.If

booksarenotavailableinthelibrary,youcantryinthebookstore.Ourbookstoreisnext

tothereceptioninthemainhall.It'sopenfrom9to10a.m.daily.Nowaboutmeals-

breakfast8:30to9a.m.,fulleveningmeal6:30to8:30p.m.inthediningroom.I'm

afraidyouhavetomakeyourownarrangementsaboutlunch,butthecafeteriainthe

canteenisopenfrom10to4forsandwichesandcoffee.Classesfinishat5.Ifyoulookat

thenoticeboardinthemainhall,you'llseethatwehavearrangedavarietyofevening

entertainmentsforyou,andSaturdayexcursions.Anyonewhowantstogoonan

excursionshouldinformthesecretaryassoonaspossibleasthecoachcompanyneedto

knownumbers.Ihopeyou'llallhaveaveryenjoyabletime,andmakealotofnew

friends.

21、MargeryHooperis.

A、alamusicconference

onaholidaycourse

C、ataholidayresort

D、onatrainingcourse

標準答案：B

知識點解析：解答該題的關鍵在于通過已知信息進行簡單的推理判斷，因為題目所

列的四個選項均未直接提及。根據Mr.Hooper的一句話“WelcomeyoualltoManor

SummerMusicSchool”及其后的內容可推斷這是一次在暑期班開課前的講話，改正

確答案為B。

22、isNOTrunintheSummerMusicSchool.

A、MusicHistory

B、Chorus

C、ElementaryGuitarcourse

D^ClassicMusic

標準答案：D

知識點解析：根據Mr.Hooper所講，該校要開設的課程包括音樂史、合唱和吉它

課，因此可排除A、B、C,正確答案為D。

23、Theguitarcourse.

A、willnotbeheldatGrangeManor

willinvolvesometravelling

C、isaninnovationatGrangeManor

D、willlastlessthanthreeweeks

標準答案：C

知識點解析：根據文章內容可知“經典吉它入門''這一課程是“newdeparture”即新開

課，選項C與之相符，因此很容易找到答案。

24>Studentsrequiringcoursematerialsshould.

A、buythemfromthesecretary

B、buytheminthemainhall

C>registerwiththesecretary

D、gotothebookstoreafter10a.m.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：此題要進行簡單的推理判斷。根據講話內容學生要想得到課程所需資

料途徑有二：一是去圖書館借，二是去書店買，而書店就在大廳內(inthemain

hall),因此B為正確答案。

25、Studentswishingtogoonexcursionsarerequestedto.

A、bookingoodtime

producetheircoursenumber

C^bookthecoachdirect

D、notethecoachnumber

標準答案：A

知識點解析：根據已知信息稍加推理便可找到正確答案。文章中提到“想要進行短

途旅行的人要盡快告知秘書，因為汽車公司要統計人數”，意為及時訂票，因此正

確答案為A。

FamilyMattersThismonthSingaporepassedabillthatwouldgivelegalteethtothe

moralobligationtosupportone'sparents.CalledtheMaintenanceofParentsBill,it

receivedthebackingoftheSingaporeGovernment.Thatdoesnotmeanithasn*t

generateddiscussion.SeveralmembersoftheParliamentopposedthemeasureasun-

Asian.Otherswhoacknowledgedtheproblemoftheelderlypoorbelievedita

disproportionateresponse.Stillothersbelieveitwillsubvertrelationswithinthefamily;

cynicsdubbeditthe"SueYourSon"law.Thosewhosaythatthebilldoesnotpromote

filialresponsibility,ofcourse,areright.Ithasnothingtodowithfilialresponsibility.It

kicksinwherefilialresponsibilityfails.Thelawcannotlegislatefilialresponsibilityany

morethanitcanlegislatelove.Allthelawcandoistoprovideasafetynetwherethis

moralityprovesinsufficient.Singaporeneedsthisbillnottoreplacemorality,butto

provideincentivestoshoreitup.Likemanyotherdevelopednations,Singaporefacesthe

problemsofanincreasingproportionofpeopleover60yearsofage.Demographyis

inexorable.In1980,7.2%ofthepopulationwasinthisbracket.Bytheturnofthe

century,thatfigurewillgrowto11%.By2030,theproportionisprojectedtobe26%.

Theproblemisnotoldageperse.Itisthattheratioofeconomicallyactivepeopleto

economicallyinactivepeoplewilldecline.Butnoamountofgovernmentexhortationor

paternalismwillcompletelyeliminatetheproblemofoldpeoplewhohaveinsufficient

meanstomakeendsmeet.Somepeoplewillfallthroughtheholesinanysafetynet.

Traditionally,aperson'sinsuranceagainstpovertyinhisoldagewashisfamily.Thisis

notarevolutionaryconcept.NorisituniquelyAsian.Careandsupportforone'sparents

isauniversalvaluesharedbyallcivilizedsocieties.TheprobleminSingaporeisthatthe

moralobligationtolookafterone'sparentsisunenforceable.Afathercanbecompelled

bylawtomaintainhischildren.Ahusbandcanbeforcedtosupporthiswife.But,until

now,asonordaughterhadnolegalobligationtosupporthisorherparents.In1989,an

AdvisoryCouncilwassetuptolookintotheproblemsoftheaged.Itsreportstatedwitha

tingeofcomplacencythat95%ofthosewhodidnothavetheirownincomewere

receivingcashcontributionsfromrelations.Butwhatofthe5%whoaren'tgetting

relatives'support?Theyhaveseveraloptions:(a)getajobandworkuntiltheydie;(b)

applyforpublicassistance(youhavetobedestitutetoapply);or(c)starvequietly.None

oftheseoptionsissociallyacceptable.Andwhatifthis5%figuregrows,asitislikelyto

do,associetyages?TheMaintenanceofParentsBillwasputforthtoencouragethe

traditionalvirtuesthathavesofarkeptAsiannationsfromsomeofthebreakdowns

encounteredinotheraffluentsocieties.Thislegislationwillallowapersontoapplytothe

courtformaintenancefromanyorallofhischildren.Thecourtwouldhavethediscretion

torefusetomakeanorderifitisunjust.Thosewhoderidetheproposalforopeningup

thecourtstofamilylawsuitsmixesthepoint.Onlyinextremecaseswouldanyparent

takehischildtocourt.Ifitdoesindeedbecomelaw,thebill'seffectwouldbefarmore

subtle.First,itwillreaffirmthenotionthatitiseachindividual's-notsociety's-

responsibilitytolookafterhisparents.Singaporeisstillconservativeenoughthatmost

peoplewillnotobjecttothisidea.Itreinforcesthetraditionalvaluesanditdoesn'thurta

societynowandthentoreminditselfofitscorevalues.Second,andmoreimportant,it

willmakethosewhoareinclinedtoshirktheirresponsibilitiesthinktwice.Untilnow,ifa

personaskedfamilyelders,clergymenortheMinistryofCommunityDevelopmentto

helpgetfinancialsupportfromhischildren,themosttheycoulddowastomediate.But

mediatorshavenoteeth,andachildcouldsimplyignoretheirpleas.Buttobesuedby

one'sparentswouldbeamassivelossofface.Itwouldbeapublicdisgrace.Fewpeople

wouldbesothick-skinnedastosay,"Sueandbedamned'.Thehandoftheconciliator

wouldbeimmeasurablystrengthened.Itisfarmorelikelythatsomesortofamicable

settlementwouldbereachediftherecalcitrantsonordaughterknowsthatthealternative

isapublictrial.ItwouldbenicetothinkthatSingaporedoesn'tneedthiskindoflaw.But

thatbeliefignoresthecleardemographictrendsandtheeffectofaffluenceitselfon

traditionalbonds.Thoseofuswhopushedforthebillwillconsiderourselvesmost

successfulifitactsasanincentivenottohaveitinvokedinthefirstplace.

26、Byquotingthegrowingpercentagepointsoftheagedinthepopulation,theauthor

seemstoimplythat.

A、thecountrywillfacemountingproblemsoftheoldinfuture.

B、thesocialwelfaresystemwouldbeundergreatpressure.

C、youngpeopleshouldbegivenmoremoraleducation.

D^theoldshouldbeprovidedwithmeansoflivelihoo

標準答案：A

知識點解析：隨著人口的老齡化，老人的贍養問題也更突出。

27^WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECT?

ANFilialresponsibilityinSingaporeisenforcedbylaw.

B、Fathershavelegalobligationstolookaftertheirchildren.

C>Itisanacceptablepracticefortheoldtocontinueworking.

D、TheAdvisoryCouncilwasdissatisfiedwiththeproblemsoftheol

標準答案：B

知識點解析：由原文可知。“Afathercallbecompelledbylawtomaintainhis

children.''

28、Theauthorseemstosuggestthattraditionalvalues.

A^playaninsignificantroleinsolvingsocialproblems.

B、arehelpfultotheelderlywhentheysuetheirchildren.

C、areveryimportantinpreservingAsianuniqueness.

D^aresignificantinhelpingtheBillgetapprove

標準答案：C

知識點解析：作者明顯從亞洲傳統個性與價值觀之間的關系進行比較說明。

29、TheauthorthinksthatiftheBillbecomeslaw,itseffectwouldbe.

A、indirect.

B>unnoticeable.

C、apparent.

D、straightforwar

標準答案：A

知識點解析:原文中有：Ifitdoesindeedbecomelaw,thebillseffectwouldbefar

moresubtle,“subtle”的同義語即indirect.

30、Attheendofthepassage,theauthorseemstoimplythatsuccessoftheBilldepends

upon.

A、strictenforcement.

B、publicsupport.

C^governmentassurance.

D、filialawareness.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：從最后一段可知，關鍵是提高大家的孝敬父母的自覺性。

Althoughthedistributionofrecordedmusicwentdigitalwiththeintroductionofthe

compactdiscintheearly1980s,technologyhashadalargeimpactonthewaymusicis

madeandrecordedaswell.Atthemostbasiclevel,theinventionofMIDI(Musical

InstrumentDigitalInterface),alanguageenablingcomputersandsoundsynthesizersto

talktoeachother,hasgivenindividualmusicianspowerfultoolswithwhichtomake

music.MTheMIDIinterfaceenabledbasementmusiciansiogainpowerwhichhadbeen

availableonlyinexpensiverecordingstudios,"Oneexpertobserved."Itenables

synthesisofsoundsthathaveneverexistedbefore,andstorageandsubsequent

simultaneousreplayandmixingofmultiplesoundtracks.Usingamoderatelypowerful

desktopcomputerrunningamusiccompositionprogramanda'500synthesizer,any

musicallyliteratepersoncanwrite—andplay!-astringquartetinanafternoon."

Whereasmanymusiciansusecomputersasatoolincomposingorproducingmusic,Tod

Machoverusescomputerstodesigntheinstrumentsandenvironmentsthatproducehis

music.AsaprofessorofmusicandmediaattheMITMediaLab,Machoverhas

pioneeredhyper-instruments:hybridsofcomputersandmusicalinstrumentsthatallow

userstocreatesoundssimplybyraisingtheirhands,pointingwitha"virtualbaton,"or

movingtheirentirebodyina"sensorchair.HSimilarworkona"virtualorchestra"is

beingdonebyGeoffreyWright,headofthecomputermusicprogramatJohnHopkins

University'sPeabodyConservatoryofMusicinBaltimore,Maryland.Wrightuses

conductors'batonsthatemitinfraredlightbeamstogeneratedataaboutthespeedand

directionofthebatons,datathatcanthenbetranslatedbycomputersintoinstructionsfor

asynthesizertoproducemusic.InMachover'sbest-knownmusicalwork,BrainOpera

(1996),125peopleinteractwitheachotherandagroupofhyper-instrumentstoproduce

soundsthatcanbeblendedintoamusicalperformance.Thefinaloperaisassembled

fromthesesoundfragments,materialcontributedbypeopleontheWeb,andMachover's

ownmusic.Machoversaysheismotivatedtogivepeople"anactive,directly

participatoryrelationshipwithmusic."Morerecently,Machoverhelpeddesignthe

MeteoriteMuseum,aremarkableundergroundmuseumthatopenedinJune1998in

Essen,Germany.Visitorsapproachthemuseumthroughaglassatrium,openan

enormousdoor,enteracave,andthendescendbyrampsintovariousmultimediarooms.

Machovercomposedthemusicanddesignedmanyoftheinteractionsfortheserooms.In

theTransflowRoom,theundulatingwallsarecoveredwith100rubberpadsshapedlike

diamonds."Byhittingthepadsyoucanmakeandshapeasoundandimagesintheroom.

BrainOperawasanensembleofindividualinstruments,whiletheTransflowRoomisa

singleinstrumentplayedby40people.Theroomblendsthereactionsandimagesofthe

group."Machover'sprojectsatMITincludeMusicToysandToysofTomorrow,which

arecreatingdevicesthathehopeswilleventuallymakeaToySymphonypossible.

Machoverdescribesoneofthetoysasanembroideredballthesizeofasmallpumpkin

withridgesontheoutsideandminiaturespeakersinside."We'verecentlyfiguredouthow

tosenddigitalinformationthroughfabricorthread,"hesaid."Sothebasicideaisto

squeezetheballandwhereyousqueezeandwhereyouplaceyourfingerswillaffectthe

soundproduced.Youcanalsochangethepitchtohighorlow,orharmonizewithother

balls."Computermusichasalongwaytogobeforeitwinsmassacceptance,however.

MartinGoldsmith,hostofNationalPublicRadio'sPerformanceToday,explainswhy:"I

thinkthatareasonagreatmovingpieceofcomputermusichasn'tbeenwrittenyetisthat

—inthisinstance-thetechnologystandsbetweenthecreatorandthereceptorand

preventsarealhumanconnection,"Goldsmithsaid.HA11thatwouldchangeinaninstant

ifaveryaccomplishedcomposer—aSteveReichorJohnCoriglianoorHenrykGorecki

—weretowriteagreatpieceofcomputermusic,butscfarthathasn'thappened.Nobody

hasreallysteppedforwardtomakeawiderangeoflistenerssay,'Wow,whataterrilie

instrumentthatcomputerisformakingmusic!*"

31、Accordingtooneexpert,MIDI.

A、makesilpossibleforanyonetowritemusic.

isonlyavailableinexpensiverecordingstudios.

C>requireshigh-endcomputersandprogrammingskills.

D、providescheap,powerfulwaysofmakingmusi

標準答案：D

知識點解析：TheMIXDIinterfaceenabledbasementmusicianstogainpowerwhich

hadbeenavailableonlyinexpensiverecordingstudios,“由此原文可知。

32、Machover'sexperimentsondigitalmusicarefbrthefollowingpurposesEXCEPT

A、creationofnewtypesofmusicalinstruments.

B、participationofpeopleinmakingmusic.

C、improvementofcurrentcomputertechnology.

D、convenienceinmakinguniquemusi

標準答案：C

知識點解析：其目的全在音樂。電腦只是手段，并不是目的。

33、Inthesentence"Usingamoderatelypowerfuldesktopcomputerrunningamusic

compositionprogramanda'500synthesizer"(paragraph2),theword"moderately"has

themeaningof.

A、properly

B、slightly

C、less

D、alittle

標準答案：A

知識點解析：考察mediate近義詞。

34、MartinGoldsmithbelievesthatcomputermusichasnotyetbeenwidelyaccepted

because.

A、thetechnologypreventscomposersfromcontactingtheirlisteners.

B、nogreatmusichasyetbeencreatedthroughcomputertechnology.

C、famouscomposersrefusetousethenewtechnologytomakemusic.

D^computerisnoiaterrificinstrumentformakingmusicalworks.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：Allthatwouldchangeinaninstantifaveryaccomplishedcomposer-a

SteveReichorJohnCoriglianoorHenrykGoreckiWeretowriteagreatpieceof

computermusic,butsofarthathasn'thappened.與B同義。

35、Inthesentence"Visitorsapproachthemuseumthroughaglassatrium,openan

enormousdoor,enteracave"(paragraph6),theword"atrium"hastheChinesemeaning

of.

A、門

B、中庭

C、墻

D、通道

標準答案：B

知識點解析：考察詞的意思。

PackagingItissaidthatthepublicandCongressionalconcernaboutdeceptivepackaging

rumpusstartedbecauseSenatorHartdiscoveredthattheboxesofcerealsconsumedby

him,Mrs.Hart,andtheirchildrenwerebecominghigherandnarrower,withadeclineof

netweightfrom12to10.5ounces,withoutanyreductioninprice.Therewerestilltwelve

biscuits,buttheyhadbeenreducedinsize.Later,thesenatorrightlycomplainedofa

store-boughtpieinahandsomelyillustratedboxthatpictured,inasingleslice,almost

asmanycherriesastherewereinthewholepie.Themanufacturerwhoincreasestheunit

priceofhisproductbychanginghispackagesizetolowerthequantitydeliveredcan,

withoutunduehardship,puthisproductintoboxes,bags,andtinsthatwillcontaineven4

-ounce,8-ounce,one-pound,andtwo-poundquantitiesofbreakfastfoods,cake

mixes,etc.Astudyofdrugstoreandsupermarketshelveswillconvinceanyobserverthat

allpossiblesizesandshapesofboxes,jars,bottles,andtinsareinuseatthesametime

and,asthepackagejournalsshow,weekbyweek,thereisneveranyhesitationin

introducinganewsizeandshapeofboxorbottlewhenilaidsinproductdifferentiation.

Theproducersofpackagedproductsarguestronglyagainstchangingsizesofpackagesto

containevenweightsandvolumes,butnooneinthetradecommentsunfavorablyonthe

hugecostsincurredbyendlesschangesofpackagesizes,materials,shape,artwork,and

netweightsthatareusedforimprovingaproduct'smarketposition.Whenapackaging

expertexplainedthathewasabletomultiplythepriceofhardsweetsby2.5,from1

dollarto250dollarsbychangingtoafancyjar,orthathehadmadea5-ouncebottle

lookasthoughitheld8ounces,hewasineffecttellingthepublicthatpackagingcanbea

veryexpensiveluxury.Itevidentlydocscomehigh,whenanaveragefamilypaysabout

200dollarsayearforbottles,cans,boxes,jars,andothercontainers,mostofwhichcan't

beusedforanythingbutstuffingthegarbagecan.

36Consumersareconcernedaboutthechangesinthepackagesize,mainlybecause

A、thisentailsanincreaseinthecostofpackaging

B、theyhavetopayforthecostofchangingpackagesizes

C>theunitpriceforaproductoftenrisesasaresult

D、theyhatetoseeanychangesinthingstheyarefamiliarwith

標準答案：C

知識點解析：文章全篇談論的都是包裝上的欺騙行為，包裝的大小、設計，其耗費

全都轉移到消費者身上。因而消費者關心包裝的變化，包裝一變，產品單價也就

變了。這一點在文章第二章的開頭有明顯提示。故選C。

37NTheauthoriscriticalmainlyof.

A、inferiorpackaging

thechangesinpackagesize

C>exaggeratedillustrationsonpackages

D、dishonestpackaging

標準答案：D--

知識點解析：A、B、C所列各項都只是包裝上的表面現象，從根本上講，作者反

對的是欺騙性的包裝。故應選D。

TheEconomicSituationofJapaninthe18thCenturyIntheeighteenthcentury,Japan's

feudaloverlords,fromtheshoguntothehumblestsamurai,foundthemselvesunder

financialstress.Inpart,thisstresscanbeattributedtotheoverlords*failuretoadjusttoa

rapidlyexpandingeconomy,butthestresswasalsoduetofactorsbeyondtheoverlords'

control.Concentrationofthesamuraiincastlctownshadactedasastimulustotrade.

Commercialefficiency,inturn,hadputtemptationsinthewayofbuyers.Sincemost

samurihadbeenreducedtoidlenessbyyearsofpeace,encouragedtoengagein

scholarshipandmartialexercisesortoperformadministrativetasksthattooklittletime,it

isnotsurprisingthattheirtastesandhabitsgrewexpensive.Overlords'income,despite

theincreaseinriceproductionamongtheirtenantfarmers,failedtokeeppacewiththeir

expenses.Althoughshortfallsinoverlords'incomeresultedalmostasmuchfromlaxity

amongtheirtaxcollectors(thenearlyinvitableoutcomeofhereditaryofficeholding)as

fromtheirhigherstandardsofliving,amisfortunelikeafireorflood,bringingan

increaseinexpensesoradropinrevenue,couldputadomainindebttothecityrice-

brokerswhohandleditsfinances.Onceindebt,neithertheindividualsamurainorthe

shogunhimselffounditeasytorecover.Itwasdifficultforindividualsamuraioverloads

toincreasetheirincomebecausetheamountofricethatfarmerscouldbemadetopayin

taxeswasnotunlimited,andsincetheincomeofJapanscentralgovernmentconsistedin

partoftaxescollectedbytheshogunfromhishugedomain,thegovernmenttoowas

constrained.Therefore,theTokugawashogunsbegantolooktoothersourcesfor

revenue.Cashprofitsfromgovernment-ownedmineswerealreadyonthedecline

becausethemosteasilyworkeddepositsofsilverandgoldhadbeenexhausted,although

debasementofthecoinagehadcompensatedfortheloss.Openingupnewfarmlandwasa

possibility,butmostofwhatwassuitablehadalreadybeenexploitedandfurther

reclamationwastechnicallyunfeasible.Directtaxationofthesamuraithemselveswould

bepoliticallydangerous.Thislefttheshogunsonlycommerceasapotentialsourceof

governmentincome.Mostofthecountry'swealth,orsoitseemed,wasfindingitsway

intothehandsofcitymerchants.Itappearedreasonablethattheyshouldcontributepart

ofthatrevenuetoeasetheshogun'sburdenoffinancingthestate.Ameansofobtaining

suchrevenuewassoonfoundbylevyingforcedloans,knownasgoyo-kin;although

thesewerenottaxesinthestrictsense,sincetheywereirregularintimingandarbitraryin

amount,theywerehighinyield.Unfortunately,theypushedupprice