專業英語八級模擬試卷4（共9套）

（共427題）

專業英語八級模擬試卷第1套

一、講座（本題共75題，每題7.0分，共75分。）

PoetryNowadays,weliterarycriticsaresaidtotalklittleaboutactualliterature.Today,I

reallywanttofocusonpoetry.I.Acoursecalled"WorkingWithTexts"A.poetry

[T1]:UnderstandingPoetrj/[T1]—students:highlydependenton

my(subjective)readingsofthe[T2][T2]B.fiction—just[T3]

,nonovels[T3]一book:TheBestAmericanShortStoriesofthe

CenturyC.drama—book:ageneric[T4][T4]-gooddramatexts

and[T5][T5]D.courseblog—forstudents—tofindoutmoreabout

the[T6]wewerereading[T6]—moderatelysuccessfulII.[T7]

majorexperience[T7]A.whatyoushouldread-upwardsof100

[T8][T8]—300-400poems,andmaybe50[T9][T9]

B.result—scratchedthesurfaceof[T10][TI0]C.

differencefromothermajors-a[T11]whengraduated[T11]一a

prettygood[T12][T12]一howtocontinuallyfind[T131to

readiTI3]HI.TheimportanceofpoetryA.befamiliarwithpoetry—[TI4]

andcomplexity[T14]B.beawareofthe[T15]ofpoetry

[T15]—adyingart

1、[Tl]

標準答案：textbook

知識點解析：暫無解析

2、[T2]

標準答案：poems

知識點解析：暫無解析

3、[T3]

標準答案：shortstories

知識點解析：暫無解析

4、[T4]

標準答案：dramaanthology

知識點解析：暫無解析

5、[T5]

標準答案：che叩er

知識點解析：暫無解析

6、[T6]

標準答案：authors

知識點解析：暫無解析

7、[T7]

標準答案:English

知識點解析：暫無解析

8、[T81

標準答案：novels

知識點解析：暫無解析

9、[T9]

標準答案：plays

知識點解析：暫無解析

10、[T10J

標準答案：majorliterature

知識點解析：暫無解析

11、[TI1]

標準答案：well-preparednovice

知識點解析：暫無解析

12、[T12]

標準答案：sense

知識點解析：暫無解析

13、[T13]

標準答案:newthings

知識點解析：暫無解析

14、[T14]

標準答案：diversity

知識點解析：暫無解析

15、[T15]

標準答案：innerworkings

知識點解析：暫無解析

二、會話（本題共70題，每題7.0分，共70分。）

16、

A、ItisAliceMcDermott'smasterpiece.

B、IttookAliceMcDermottsevenyearstofinishit.

C、Itisaboutanordinarywoman'sunremarkablelife.

D、ItisAliceMcDermott'sfirstnewnovelinthepastsevenyears.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：暫無解析

17、

A^Itbeganassomethingbiggerbutwasnarroweddownatlast.

B、Itwasbeingmuchheardof.

C、Itwasaboutaquiteappealingcharacter.

D^Ithadbeenmentionedinliteraturebefore.

標準答案：A

知識點解析：暫無解析

18、

A、Sheisaveryappealingperson.

B、Sheisacommonwoman.

C^Sheisachildwithdoublecharacter.

D、Sheisawomanwithdoublelife.

標海答案：B

知識點解析：暫無解析

19、

A、Theyhadnofreedomofspeakinginpublic.

B、Theydarednotexpresstheiropinions.

C、Theywerenotinterestedinspeakingout.

D、Theyhadnoideasaboutwhattosay.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：暫無解析

20、

A、Becauseshewantstopleaseherparentswhowerefirst-generationIrishCatholics.

B、Becausesheisobsessedwiththingsinthatera.

C、Becauseshewantstodefendthewomanagainstinjustice.

D、Becauseshefindsitattractivetostudythewoman'slife.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：暫無解析

21、

A、Theytendtoexpresslessthantheythink.

B、Theyarekeptfromseeingandsaying.

C、Theyspeaklittleforaculturalreason.

D^Theyhavetheirownlanguage.

標準答案：A

知識點解析：暫無解析

22、

A、Shedidn'ttellAliceMcDennotttoomuchaboutherself.

B、Shethoughtnoonewaslisteningtoher.

C>ShetoldAliceMcDermottmuchofherlife.

D、\ShetoldAliceMcDermottwheretoendherstory.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：暫無解析

23、

A、Shewantsthecharactertotellthestorybyherself.

B、Shewantstotryanothernarrativemethod.

CNSheassumesthecharactertobeherself.

D、Sheprefersthefirstpersontothethirdperson.

標準答案：A

知識點解析：暫無解析

24、

A、Grammaticalpersondoesnothavetoomuchdifferenceinwriting.

B、Grammaticalpersonweighsalotinwriting.

C、Donothangononegrammaticalpersoninwriting.

D、Donotchangeyourinitialchoiceofgrammaticalpersoninwriting.

標準答案：A

知識點解析：暫無解析

25、

A、Itcreatestherhythm,thebeautyandthemusic.

B、Itmakesthestoryaccessibletous.

C、Itmakessentencesasimportantasthecontent.

D、Itvaluesmostinallthebooks.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：暫無解析

三、選擇題（本題共74題，每題1.0分，共14分。）

Scientistsalreadyknewthatbilingualyoungadultsandchildrenperformbetterontasks

dictatedbythebrain'sexecutivecontrolsystem.Locatedatthefrontofthebrain,this

systemis"thebasisforyourabilitytothinkincomplexways,controlattention,anddo

everythingwethinkofasuniquelyhumanthought/saidEllenBialystok,apsychologist

atYorkUniversityinToronto,Canada.Nowstudiesarerevealingthatadvantagesof

bilingualismpersistintooldage,evenasthebrain'ssharpnessnaturallydeclines,

BialystoksaidFridayatameetingoftheAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementof

ScienceinWashington,D.C.Bialystokandcolleaguesexamined102longtimebilingual

and109monolingualAlzheimer'spatientswhohadthesamelevelofmentalacuity.

About24millionpeoplehavedementia（癡呆）worldwide,withthemajorityofthem

sufferingfromAlzheimer's,accordingtoSweden'sKarolinskaInstitutetmedical

university.ThebilingualpatientshadbeendiagnosedwiththeAlzheimer'saboutfour

yearslaterthanthemonolingualpatients,onaverage,accordingtoBialystok'smost

recentstudy,publishedinNovemberinthejournalNeurology.Thissuggests

bilingualismis"protectingolderadults,evenasAlzheimer'sisbeginningtoaffect

cognitivefunction,"Bialystoksaid.Bialystokisalsostudyingphysicaldifferences

betweenbilingualandmonolingualbrains.Inanewexperiment,sheusedCTscansto

examinebrainsofmonolingualsandbilingualswithdementia.Allthesubjectswerethe

sameageandfunctionedatthesamecognitivelevel."Thephysicaleffectsofthedisease

inthebrainwerefoundtobemoreadvancedinthebilinguals'brains,eventhoughtheir

mentalabilitywasroughlythesame,"BialystoktoldNationalGeographicNews.

Apparently,thebilinguals'brainsarcsomehowcompensating,shesaid."Eventhoughthe

'machine'ismorebroken,theycanfunctionatthesamelevelasamonolingualwithless

disease,"shesaid."Benefitsofbilingualismcanbegininuterus（子宮）,"JanetWerker,a

psychologistattheUniversityofBritishColumbia,Canada,toldthenewsbriefing.For

instance,Workerandcolleagues'recentstudiesshowthatbabiesexposedtotwo

languagesinuterusdonotconfusetheirlanguagesfrombirth.'*Thementalworkout

requiredtokeepthelanguagesseparatemaycreatean'enhancedperceptualvigi山nee（警

覺）'thathaslifelongbenefits,"Werkersaid."WhatI'dliketosuggestisthekindof

advantagesyou'veheardaboutinagingcanbeestablishedfromthosefirstdaysoflife,in

babieshavingtokeepthetwolanguagesapart."Granted,peoplebornintobilingualism

haveitabiteasier,"Oneofthethingsbabieshaveistheluxuryoftime—theygetthe

opportunitytoreallyfocusontaskathand,"Workersaid.nIfwewanttolearnasecond

language,weneedtosettimeasidetoallowthattohappen"—andevidencesuggeststhe

payoffisworthit.Evenifyoudon'tlearnasecondlanguageuntilaftermiddleage,itcan

stillhelpstaveoffdementia,York'sBialystoksaid.Being"bilingualisonewaytokeep

yourbrainactive-it'spartofthecognitive-reserveapproachtobrainfitness,"Bialystok

said.Andwhenitcomestoexercisingthebrainbylearninganotherlanguage,sheadded,

"themorethebetter-andeverylittlebithelps."

26、Bilingualismhelpsolderadultsto.

stayawayfromAlzheimer's

B>retaincognitiveabilities

C>delayagingprocess

D^improvementalacuity

標準答案：B

知識點解析：細節題。由題干中的bilingualism和olderadults定位至第三段第二

句，該句指出，雙語正在保護老年人，即使是在老年癡呆癥已經開始影響和損害他

們的認知功能的時候，爽句話說，雙語(bilingualism)能幫助老年人保持認知功能，

B|Jretaincognitiveabilities□此外，第二段首句提到，advantagesofbilingualism

persistintooldage,evenasthebrain'ssharpnessnaturallydeclines,這也很好土也證實

了這一觀點，因此［B］為答案。

27>WhatdidBialystokfindoutaboutbilingualandmonolingualbrains?

A、Bilingualbrainsareusuallymorebrokenthanmonolingualbrains.

B、Bilingualbrainsaremorephysicallyadvancedthanmonolingualbrains.

C>Bilingualbrainsfunctionbetterperpetuallythanmonolingualbrains.

D、Bilingualbrainsgetlessmentaldiseasesthanmonolingualbrains.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：推斷題。由題干中的bilingualandmonolingualbrains定位至第四、五

段。Bialystok對會雙語和只會一種語言的人的大體做了研究，發現了他們在生理

方面的差異。第五段第一句提到，大腦方面的疾病在那些會雙語的人腦中發現得更

晚。接下來指出，會雙語的人的大腦有補償作用，即使受到更嚴重的損傷，他們也

能和患有較輕疾病的只會一種語言的人的大腦擁有相同的水平。由此看出，會雙語

的人的大腦比只會一種語言的人的大腦運轉得更好，更持久，故［C］為答案。

28、Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A、BenefitsofBilingualism.

B、TheoryofBilingualism.

C、BilingualismandMonolingualism.

D、BilingualisminBabiesandtheOld.

標準答案：A

知識點解析：主旨題。縱觀全文，本文主要說明了掌握雙語帶來的好處。第一段是

其對小孩和成年人的積極影響；第二、三段說明其可以降低老人患癡呆癥的幾率；

第四、五段說明會雙語的人大腦的某些功能更強大；第六至八段說明其對胎兒的影

響會持續到老年；第九段是其對中年人的好處。由此可知，這篇文章的最佳標題就

是雙語的好處，故［A］為答案。

AweekofheavyreadinghadpassedsincetheeveninghefirstmetRuthMorse,andstill

hedarednotcall.Timeandagainhenervedhimselfuptocall,butunderthedoubtsthat

assailedhimhisdeterminationdiedaway.Hedidnotknowthepropertimetocall,nor

wasthereanyonetotellhim,andhewasafraidofcommittinghimselftoanirretrievable

blunder.Havingshakenhimselffreefromhisoldcompanionsandoldwaysoflife,and

havingnonewcompanions,nothingremainedforhimbuttoread,andthelonghourshe

devotedtoitwouldhaveruinedadozenpairsofordinaryeyes.Buthiseyeswerestrong,

andtheywerebackedbyabodysuperblystrong.Furthermore,hismindwasfallow.It

hadlainfallow（體耕的）allhislifesofarastheabstract（深奧的）【houghtofthebookswas

concerned,anditwasripeforthesowing.Ithadneverbeenjadedbystudy,anditbit

holdoftheknowledgeinthebookswithsharpteeththatwouldnotletgo.Itseemedto

him,bytheendoftheweek,thathehadlivedcenturies,sofarbehindweretheoldlife

andoutlook.Buthewasbaffledbylackofpreparation.Heattemptedtoreadbooksthat

requiredyearsofpreliminaryspecialization.Onedayhewouldreadabookofantiquated

philosophy,andthenextdayonethatwasultra-modern,sothathisheadwouldbe

whirlingwiththeconllictandcontradictionofideas.Itwasthesamewiththeeconomists.

OntheoneshelfatthelibraryhefoundKarlMarx,Ricardo,AdamSmith,andMill,and

theabstruse（深奧的）fonrulasoftheonegavenoclewthattheideasofanotherwere

obsolete.Hewasbewildered,andyethewantedtoknow.Hehadbecomeinterested,ina

day,ineconomics,industry,andpolitics.PassingthroughtheCityHallPark,hehad

noticedagroupofmen,inthecentreofwhichwerehalfadozen,withflushedfacesand

raisedvoices,earnestlycarryingonadiscussion.Hejoinedthelisteners,andheardanew,

alientongueinthemouthsofthephilosophersofthepeople.Onewasatramp,another

wasalaboragitator,athirdwasalaw-schoolstudent,andtheremainderwascomposed

ofwordyworkingmen.Forthefirsttimeheheardofsocialism,anarchism,andsingletax,

andlearnedthattherewerewarringsocialphilosophies.Heheardhundredsoftechnical

wordsthatwerenewtohim,belongingtofieldsofthoughtthathismeagrereadinghad

nevertouchedupon.Becauseofthishecouldnotfollowtheargumentsclosely,andhe

couldonlyguessatandsurmise（推測）theideaswrappedupinsuchstrangeexpressions.

Thentherewasablack-eyedrestaurantwaiterwhowasatheosophist,aunionbakerwho

wasanagnostic,anoldmanwhobaffledallofthemwiththestrangephilosophythat

whatisisright,andanotheroldmanwhodiscoursed（講述）inleiminablyaboutthe

cosmosandthefather-atomandthemother-atom.MartinEden'sheadwasinastateof

addlementwhenhewentawayafterseveralhours,andhehurriedtothelibrarytolookup

（hedefinitionsofadozenunusualwords.Andwhenheleftthelibrary,hecarriedunder

hisarmfourvolumes:MadamBlavatsky's"SecretDoctrine,""ProgressandPoverty,"

"TheQuintessenceofSocialism,"and,"WarfareofReligionandScience."

Unfortunately,hebeganonthe"SecretDoctrine."Everylinebristledwithmany-

syllablcdwordshedidnotunderstand.Hesatupinbed,andthedictionarywasinfront

ofhimmoreoftenthanthebook.Helookedupsomanynewwordsthatwhenthey

recurred,hehadforgottentheirmeaningandhadtolookthemupagain.Hedevisedthe

planofwritingthedefinitionsinanote-book,andfilledpageafterpagewiththem.And

stillhecouldnotunderstand.Hereaduntilthreeinthemorning,andhisbrainwasina

turmoil,butnotoneessentialthoughtinthetexthadhegrasped.Helookedup,andit

seemedthattheroomwaslifting,heeling,andplunginglikeashipuponthesea.Thenhe

hurledthe"SecretDoctrine"andmanycursesacrosstheroom,turnedoffthegas,and

composedhimselftosleep.Nordidhehavemuchbetterluckwiththeotherthreebooks.

Itwasnotthathisbrainwasweakorincapable:itcouldthinkthesethoughtswereitnot

forlackoftraininginthinkingandlackofthethought-toolswithwhichtothink.He

guessedthis,andforawhileentertainedtheideaofreadingnothingbutthedictionaiy

untilhehadmasteredeverywordinit.

29、Whatrhetoricdevicewasusedinthesentence"Ithadlainfallow...forthesowing."?

A、Allusion.

B>Personification.

C^Metaphor.

D、Simile.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：修辭題。由題干中的Ithadlainfallow...forthesowing.定位至第

一段倒數第二句，其中it指的是前一句中的hismind,fallow原意為“犁過而未經播

種的土地“，這里是說他的思想就像剛犁過的土地，等待播種，體現了他渴望學習

這些有關抽象思維的書的心情。此處將mind比作“犁過而未經播種的土地”，但并

沒有出現like,as之類的比喻詞，因此是使用了暗喻的修辭手法，因此［C］為答

案。

30、WhydidMartinEdenbegintoreadheavily?

A、Becauseheneededtolearnhowtosowonthefallowland.

B、Becausehemeanttotestifhiseyeswereverystrong.

C>Becausehewasconcernedaboutsomeabstractthoughts.

D、Becausehehadstrongdesiretolearnsomeknowledge.

標準答案：D'

知識點解析：細節題。由題干中的readheavily定位至第一段最后一句。該句中指

出Ithadneverbeenjadedbystudy?anditbitholdoftheknowledgeinthebookswith

sharpteeththatwouldnotleigo.即他的心靈沒有厭'卷書本，總用它鋒利的牙齒牢牢

咬住書本上的知識不肯放松，由此可知，他大量閱讀是因為他渴求知識，故［D］為

答案。

31、Thesecondparagraphismeanttoshowthat.

A、MartinEdenenjoyedreadingbooksofdifferentthemes

B、MartinEdenbegantoencounterdifferentnewideas

C、MartinEdendidn'thaveveryefficientlearningmethod

D、MartinEdenwasahardworkingandmodestperson

標準答案：B

知識點解析：推斷題。由題干定位至第二段。從該段第三至四句Heatlempledlo

readbooksthatrequiredyearsofpreliminaryspecialization...sothathisheadwould

bewhirlingwiththeconflictandcontradictionofideas.中可知，他啃了一些需要多年

準備才能讀的書，以至于腦子里的概念矛盾抵觸，弄得他暈頭轉向，此外，還有第

七句Hewasbewildered,andyethewantedtoknow.這些都表明他在閱讀過程中碰

到了不同的新觀點，故|B|為答案。

32、MartinEdencouldnotunderstandthebooksforthefollowingreasons

EXCEPT.

ANhedidn'tknowalotofnewwords

B、hedidn'thavetrainingsinthinking

C^hedidn'thaveanintelligentbrain

D、hedidn'thaveusefulthought-tools

標準答案：c

知識點露析：推斷題。本題針對馬丁?伊登讀不懂書的原因提問。第三段倒數第二

句提到itwasnotthathisbrainwasweakorincapable,表明不是因為他的腦子不脫,明

或者沒有能力，因此沒有聰明的頭腦并不是他讀不懂書的原因，故［C］為答案。

Wheredoesmoralitycomefrom?ThroughoutthehistoryofWesterncivilizationthinkers

haveusuallyansweredeitherthatitcomesfromGod,orelsethroughdieapplicationof

reason.ButinTheBonoboandtheAtheist,primatologistFransdeWaalarguesthat

there'sanotheranswerthatfitsthedatabetter:moralitycomesfromourevolutionarypast

asasocialprimate（靈長H動物）.Likeourclosestrelatives,theapes,humansevolvedin

small,tightlyknit,cooperativegroups.Asaresult,againliketheapes,weareexquisitely

sensitivetooneanother'smoods,needsandintentions.Thiswell-developedempathy

providedthetrellis（框架）onwhichmoralitylaterflowered.DeWaal,whoisbasedat

EmoryUniversityinAtlanta,Georgia,hasbeenmakingthiscaseeloquentlyformany

yearsandoverseveralbooks,notablyinGoodNaturcdbackin1997,andinPrimatesand

Philosophers,12yearslater.Inhisnewwork,hebolsters（支持）lheargumentbydrawing

onalotofnewresearch,carefullyfootnotedforthosewhowanttodigdeeper.DeWaal

distinguishestwodegreesofmorality.Thefirsthecalls"one-on-onemorality",which

governshowanindividualcanexpecttobetreated,andthesecond"community

concern",alarger,moreabstractconceptthatextendstotheharmonyofthegroupasa

whole.Chimpsandbonoboscertainlyhavetheformer-theyrespectownership,for

example,andexpecttobetreatedaccordingtotheirplaceinthehierarchy.ButdeWaal

presentsseveralexamples-suchasachimpsteppingintostopafightbetweentwo

others——thatsuggestthattheyalsohavearudimentary（初步的）formofthelatter.The

book'stitle,incidentally,drawsonbonobosbecausetheyaremorelikelythanchimpsto

behavemorally,tohaveconcernforeachother,tovalueharmonyandsoon.This,

imagines,deWaal,issomethingmorallyinclinedatheistswouldwanttoemulate.If

humansinheritedmoralityfromourancestors,though,whatarewetomakeofreligion?

HeredeWaalmovesintotheterritoryhehasnotexploredbefore.Clearly,religionmust

dosomethingimportant,sinceeveryhumanculturehasit.Butinsteadofreligiongiving

usmorality,deWaalturnsthetables.Morality,heargues,probablygaveusreligionasa

wayofreinforcingthepre-existingcommunityconcern.Ifhe'sright,thentheremaybe

noabsolutecodeofrightandwrongouttheretobediscovered.Instead,eachindividual's

evolvedsenseofempathyandconcernfbrthegroupmayhelpshapethegroup's

consensusonwhatkindofbehaviourisappropriate.Inshort,saysdeWaal,moralitymay

besomethingweallhavetoworkouttogether.It'sapersuasiveargument,anddeWaal's

cautiousandevidence-basedapproachisonethatmanyNewScientistreadersaresureto

findcongenial.Thatcarefulapproachislessevidentinanotherbookcoveringsomeof

thesameground.InHowAnimalsGrieve,anthropologistBarbaraKingsetsoutto

explorethequestionofwhethernon-humananimalsgrievefortheirdead.It'san

intriguingquestion,butunfortunatelyKing'sbookislargelyasuccessionofanecdotes:

thecatwhoroamsthehouse,crying,insearchofitsdeadlittermate:thedogwhowaits

dailyatthetrainstationforitsdeadmaster:adolphintryingtokeepherdeadcalfafloat

fordays.Someofthesestoriesmakeapersuasivecasefbrsomeanimals-especially

apes,elephantsandcetaceans—sometimesgrieving.Nosurprisesthere:Isuspectmost

readerswouldhaveconcededthatgroundrightfromthestart.ButKingmakeslittleeffort

todiganydeeperbyexploring,forexample,theneuralmachineryandcognitiveskillsan

animalneedsinordertobecapableofgrief.Afterall,solitaryspeciessuchascatshave

lessneedforempathy—anditscorollary,grief-thansocialanimals,andsmall-brained

creaturessuchasturtlesmaysimplylackthebrainpowerornotformlastingpairbonds.

Tohiscredit,deWaaltakesfullnoteofsuchdistinctions:King,notsomuch.

33、WhichstatementwouldFransdeWaalmostprobablyagreeto?

A、Bonobosarenotasconcernedabouteachotheraschimps.

AtheistswouldliketoemulatetheharmonyamongBonobos.

C、Bonobosareagoodexampletoshowwheremoralityconicsfrom.

D、Atheistsareagroupofpeoplewhoarelackofmoralstandards.

標準答案：C」

知識點解析：細節題。作者在第六段第一句提到FransdeWaal的書時指出，書名

用倭黑猩猩(bonobos)是因為它們比黑猩猩(chimps)在行為上表現得更道德，可見

FransdeWaal認為，倭黑猩猩是說明道德來源的好例子，故［0為答案。

34、Aboutreligionandmorality,FransdeWaalbelievesthat.

A、religionbringsmoralitytous

B、nocodeofrightandwrongcanbediscoveredoutthere

C、peoplewhohaveareligiousbeliefbehaveappropriately

D、individualswhocareaboutagroupcancreatemorality

標準答案：D-

知識點解析：細節題。第八段第二句提到，個體對群體所產生的共鳴與關注有助于

形成群體對恰當行為的共識，也就是說道德是我們共同努力的結果，故［D］為答

案。

35、TheauthorfindBarbaraKing'sbook.

A、persuasive

surprising

C、suspicious

D、unconvincing

標準答案：D:

知識點解析：推斷題。由題干中的BarbaraKing'sbook定位至第九、十段。第九段

最后一句提到，BarbaraKing的書主要是一系列軼事；此外，第十段最后一句作者

明確指出他認為大多數讀者會承認這本書從開始論述的就是一個既定事實，由此可

知，作者認為BarbaraKing的書缺乏說服力，因此［D］為答案。

36、Theauthorwritesthepassageto,

A-.analyzetheoriginofmorality

B、makecommentsontwobooks

C、exploresomeanimalbehaviors

D^presentsomeintriguingfindings

標準答案：B

知識點解析：主旨題。縱觀全文，文章第一段提出問題：道德從何而來，第二至八

段介紹FransdeWaal關于道德的研究，第九至十一段介紹BarbaraKing對動物是

否為同類的死亡表示哀痛的研究及著作，最后一段對兩個學者的著作進行比較和評

價，由此可知，作者的寫作意圖主要是對兩本書做出比較和評價，因此［B］為答

案。

WhenofficialsinNewYorkCitybegantopiecetogetherhowSuperstonnSandyhad

managedtofloodthesubwaylastOctober,theyfoundthatthestormhaddrivenabundle

oflumberfromaconstructionsiterightthroughaplywood（夾板）barrierbuiltaroundone

oftheentrancestotheSouthFerrysubwaystation.Itwasaseeminglyrandomactof

violence,butinreality,thebarriersprobablyneverstoodachance.Withastanding-water

heightofupto1.5metresatBatteryParkonManhattan'ssouthernmosttip,therisingtide

skirted（繞過）asecondplywoodblockadeandpouredoverawaist-highconcretewallat

anotherentrance.Preparingforhurricanesishard.Butthefactthatcoreinfrastructurein

aglobalmetropolissuchasNewYorkwasprotectedbyplywoodshouldtriggeralarms.

SouthFerryisareminderofjusthowill-preparedNewYorkwasfbrastormofthis

magnitude—anditunderscoresthescaleofthechallengeahead.Itwasn'tsupposedtobe

thisway.NewYorkCityhasengagedscientistswhileworkingtoreduceemissionsand

prepareforawarmerworld.In2008,MayorMichaelBloombergcreatedtheNewYork

CityPanelonClimateChange,andinAugustthecitycouncilgavethepanelapermanent

placeinitslong-termplanningprocess.PlaNYC,aplanningdocumentthatoffersa

visionofwhatthecitywilllooklikein2030,includesacomprehensivechapteron

climatechange.ButnoneofthispreparedthecityforSandy.Norcouldithave一the

surgethatSandybroughtashorewasoffthecharts.Legions（大批）ofscientistsarenow

assessingwhathappenedandprojectingfuturerisks.Thelatest,andperhapsbest,

estimate,basedonmodelsbyresearchersatPrincetonUniversityinNewJerseyandthe

MassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyinCambridge,isthatthestormsurgeatBattery

Parkwasal-in-500-yearevent.Butthesizeofasurgeisnottheonlymeasureofa

dangerousstorm,norisBatteryParktheonlylocationthatmatters.Scientistsalsoknow

thatthebaseline（基線）ischangingwiththeclimate.ALofwhichleavesthecity,its

residentsandbusinessesintheunenviablepositionofrebuildinginthefaceofan

uncertainfuture.Asthisprocessunfolds,severallessonscanbelearnedfromSandyin

manyplaces,premiseserectedundernewerbuildingcedessurvivedthestormwithonly

limiteddamageatgroundlevel.Anewgenerationofwaterfrontparksanddevelopments

alsoweatheredthestormquitewell,showingthattherearewaystomanagetherisksof

occasionalflooding.Butgiventhepredictedsea-levelriseandthelikelihoodofmore

powerfulstormsinthefuture,amorecomprehensivestrategyisclearlyneeded.Some

positivesignshaveemerged.TheFederalEmergencyManagementAgencyisupdating

thecity'sfloodmaps,andthecityhasannouncedstepstostrengthenitsbuildingcodes.

AsdirectedbyCongresslastyear,theagencywillalsobeincorporatinglong-term

climateprojections,includingforsca-lcvclrise,intoitsratestructureforthefederalflood

insuranceprogramme.Untilnow,theprogrammehasservedasagovernmentsubsidyfor

riskycoastaldevelopment-soriskythatprivateinsurancecompaniesrefusedtoenterthe

market.Oneofthebigquestionsfacingtheregioniswhethertospendbillionsofdollars

onastorm-surgebarrier.Scientistsandengineersshouldclearlyincludeabarrierintheir

analysis,butasurgeisjustoneofmanythreatsposedbymanykindsofstorm.Moreover,

howfastNewYorkbouncesbackwilldependnotonlyondamagetoinfrastructurebut

alsoonthestrengthofsocialnetworksandthegeneralhealthofthecommunities

affected.Fartherafield,assealevelsrise,coastalcitieswillhavelittlechoicebuttolearn

tolivewithmorewaterthantheyareusedtotoday.

37、OfficialsfoundthatSandyhadmanagedtofloodsubwaybecause.

A、abundleoflumberhitthroughthesubwaystationentrance

B、BatteryParkdidn'tstandachancetoblocktheviolentstorm

C>importantinfrastructureswerebuiltwithinferiormaterials

D、theheightoftheconcretewallatanentrancewasbroken

標準答案：C

知識點解析：細節題。由題干定位至第一、二段。該段主要介紹了颶風Sandy造成

的一些破壞。第二段第二句提到颶風襲擊的反思：用膠合板保護核心的基礎設施，

應該拉響警報了。由此可知，颶風襲擊造成嚴重破壞的原因是使用劣質材料建造重

要的基礎設施，因此［C］符合題意。

38、Itcanbeinferredfromthefourthparagraphthat.

A、climatechangecausesthebaselinedecline

B、stonnlikeSandywon'thappenincenturies

C、scientistscanpredictlarge-scalestorms

D、astormgetsdangerousformanyfactors

標準答案：D

知識點解析：推斷題。由題干定位至第四段。該段第三句使用了轉折詞but,但是

浪的規模并不是衡量風暴危險性的唯一標準，也就是說，風暴的危險性還有許多其

他因素，因此［D］為答案。

39、Theauthorsuggeststhatcoastalcitiesfacedwithclimatechangeshouldbe.

A、optimistic

B>insensitive

C、adaptable

D^contemplative

標準答案：C

知識點解析：推斷題。由題干中的coasudcities定位至最后一段。該段最后一句提

至coastalcitieswillhavelittlechoicebuttolearntolivewithmorewaterthantheyare

usedto」oday,即海濱城市別無選擇，只能學會在比當今更多的水環境中生活，即學

會適應越來越多的水環境，因此作者的建議是海濱城市應該具有很強的適應性，因

此選擇［C］。

四、簡答題（本題共8題，每題分，共8分。）

40、PASSAGEONE

標準答案：Itcancausethebrainstofeelgreatpains.

知識點解析：由題干中的emotionaldamage定位至第六段。該段指出，受欺凌讓人

產生的受到排斥的感受會觸及大腦里與身體疼痛相連的同一條神經通路。由此可

知，感情上的傷害可以導致大腦的疼痛，故答案為Itcancausethebrainstofeelgreat

pains?

41、PASSAGETWO

標準答案：Becausecountriesneedtopaymoretobuyrawmaterials.

知識點解析：由題干中的Mercantilism定位至第四段第一句。本段介紹了currency

war,即17和18世紀所謂的mercantilism（商業主義），闡述商業主義是貨幣戰爭的

起源，發達國家通過加工從殖民地廉價購買的原材料以及關稅獲取巨額利潤。第五

段接著指出，這種商業主義在現代社會已不起作用，各國不再能夠從殖民地購買廉

價的原材料，他們需要在開放的市場購買這些原材料，尤其是石油。故答案為

Bccausecountriesneedtopaymoretobuyrawmaterialso

PASSAGETHREE

42、WhatisoneofthecharacteristicsthatextendedthecontroloftheOttomanEmpire?

標準答案：Itsallowanceofreligiousfreedomfordifferentnationalitiesandminorities.

知識點解析：由題干中的characteristics和OttomanEmpire定位至第四段第三句It

hasbeensuggestedthatoneofthecharacferisticsthatextendedthedcminalicn（控制J）cf

theOttomanEmpirewasitsallowanceofreligiousfreedomforthedifferentnationalities

andminoritiesunderitsrule.由定位句可知，奧斯曼帝國之所以能大規模地擴大統

治范圍，是因為奧斯曼帝國允許其統治下的不同國籍和種族的人宗教信仰自由，故

答案為Itsallowanceofreligiousfreedom