淄博市高考英語閱讀理解訓練經典題目（含答案）

一、高中英語閱讀理解

1.閱讀理解

AstudypublishedinthejournalSciencerevealsthatsince1970,birdpopulationsintheUnited

StatesandCanadahavedeclinedby29percent,oralmost3billionbirds.Theresultsshow

tremendouslossesacrossdiversegroupsofbirdsandhabitats-fromiconicsongsterssuchas

meadowlarkstolong-distancemigrantssuchasswallows.

"Thesedataareconsistentwithwhatwe'reseeingelsewhere,"saidcoauthorPeterMarra,

formerheadoftheSmithsonianMigratoryBirdCenter.It'surgenttoaddressongoingthreats,

bothbecausethedominoeffects（多米諾效應）canleadtothedecayofecosystemsthathumans

dependonforourownhealthandlivelihoodsandbecausepeopleallovertheworldcherish

birdsintheirownright.Canyouimagineaworldwithoutbirdsong?"

Evidenceforthedeclinesemergedfromdetectionofmigratorybirdsintheairfrom143

NEXRADweatherradarstationsacrossthecontinentinaperiodspanningover10yearsaswellas

fromnearly50yearsofdatacollectedthroughmultiplemonitoringeffortsontheground.Crizen-

scienceparticipantsalsocontributedalot,fortheanalysisincludedcitizen-sciencedatafromthe

NorthAmericanBreedingBirdSurveycoordinatedbytheCanadianWildlifeService-themain

sourcesoflong-term,large-scalepopulationdataforNorthAmericanbirds.

Thestudynotedthatthelargestfactordrivingthesedecinesislikelythewidespreadlossand

degradationofhabitat,especiallyduetoagriculturalintensificationandurbanization.Other

studieshavedocumenteddeathfrompredation（捕食）bydomesticcats;collisionswithglass,

buildings,andotherstructures;andpervasive（普遍的）useofpesticidesassociatedwith

widespreaddeclinesininsects,anessentialfoodsourceforbirds.Climatechangeisexpectedto

compoundthesechallengesbyalteringhabitatsandthreateningplantcommunitiesthatbirds

needtosurvive.

"It'sawake-upcallthatwe'velostmorethanaquarterofourbirdsintheU.S.andCanada,"

saidcoauthorAdamSmithfromEnvironmentandClimateChangeCanada.Butthecrisisreaches

farbeyondourindividualborders.ManyofthebirdsthatbreedinCanadianbackyardsmigrate

throughorspendthewinterintheU.S.andplacesfarthersouth-fromMexicoandtheCaribbean

toCentralandSouthAmerica.Whatourbirdsneednowisanhistoric,hemisphericeffortthat

unitespeopleandorganizationswithonecommongoal:bringingourbirdsback.

（1）Theunderlinedword"decay"inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto.

A.improvement

B.worsening

C.changed

D.threat

(2)WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?

A.Newfindingsoftheresearch.

B.Applicationsoftheresearch.

C.Datasourcesoftheresearch.

□.Methodsoftheresearch.

(3)WhatAdamSmithsaidmainlyimpliesthat.

A.birdpopulationsinAmericaandCanadadroppedbyaquarter

B.thebirdpopulationcrisisisnotjustwithinindividualborders

C.thereislittleindividualscandotohelpincreasebirdpopulations

D.thesolutiontosolvingthecrisisneedsinternationalcooperation

【答案】(1)B

(2)C

(3)D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新聞報道。發表在《科學》雜志上的一項研究顯示，美國和

加拿大的鳥類數量已經下降了，鳥類和棲息地都遭受了巨大的損失，作者根據研究數據來

說明解決這些問題迫在眉睫，需要全人類共同努力拯救鳥類。

(1)考查詞義猜測。根據第二段中的"It'surgenttoaddressongoingthreats,bothbecause

thedominoeffects(多米格效應)canleadtothedecayofecosystemsthathumansdependon

forourownhealthandlivelihoods"可知，解決持續的威脅迫在眉嚏，人類依賴生態系統以生

存和保持健康，這里的威脅指多米諾效應會破壞人們的生態系統，可以判斷多米諾效應會

讓生態系統惡化，故選1

(2)考查段落大意。根據第三段“在過去10年中，在整個非洲大陸143個天氣雷達站對

候鳥的探測，以及通過在當地進行的多次監測工作收集到的近50年的數據......公民科學參

與者也做出了很大貢獻，分析北美繁殖鳥類調查數據，這是北美鳥類長期、大規模數據的

主要來源。"可知，本段主要介紹了研究的數據來源，故選C。

(3)考查推理判斷。根據最后一段中的"Whatourbirdsneednowisanhistoric,hemispheric

effortthatunitespeopleaidorganizationswithonecommongoal:bringingourbirdsback.“口f

知，鳥類現在需要的是?項歷史性的、半球性的努力，把人們和組織團結起來實現一個共

同目標：把鳥類帶回來，所以解決這個危機需要國際合作，故選D。

【點評】本題考點涉及段落大意，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇新聞報

道。考生需要根據上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答

案。

2.假定你是李華，收到英國筆友George的郵件，請你介紹中國家庭聚會的情況(飲食、時

間、活動等)。請給他寫一封郵件。

注意.詞數100左右；

2.可適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。

DearGeorge,

Yours,

LiHua

【答案】DearGeorge,

Knowingthatyou'reinterestedinwhatourChinesefamilygatheringsarelike,I'mgladto

introducesomeofmyexpediencewithyou.

WeChineseliketogettogetherwithourfamilyverymuch,especiallyonimportantdayssuch

asfestivalsandbirthdays.Mostofthetime,webringgiftstotheeldersandthekids.Eatingisone

ofthemostnecessarypartofthegathering,whichisusuallypreparedbyfamilymembers

together.Notonlyisthevariousfooddeliciousbutthetimewespendmakingandenjoyingit

togetherisenjoyable.Adultschattingandchildrenplayingaround,thisisthetypicalsceneofa

happyfamilygathering.

Hopeonedayyoucancomeandexperiencebyyourself!

Yours,

LIHua

【解析】【分析【本題是一篇英文信件，要求考生以李華的身份給英國筆友George寫一封

郵件，介紹中國家庭聚會的情況（飲食、時間、活動等）。考牛.要認真閱讀提示，列出提綱

和要點，并以此為基礎充分發揮自己的想象力，靈活運用英語知識，采用不同的表達方式

將各要點完整地表述出來。寫作時注意時態、語態的合理運用，主次分明，同時應選用合

適的連接詞或過渡詞，適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。

【點評】本書面表達要點齊全，上下文連貫，使用一定數量的句式結構，讓句子更加生動

豐滿，同時運用了許多高級詞匯和固定短語，提高文章的檔次，體現了對英語的熟練的駕

馭能力。例如：Knowingthatyou'reinterestedinwhatourChinesefamilygatheringsarelike,

I'mgladtointroducesomeofmyexperiencewithyou.運用了現在分詞作原因狀語和賓語從

句；Eatingisoneofthemostnecessarypartofthegathering,whichisusuallypreparedby

familymemberstogether.運用了非限制性定語從句;Notonlyisthevariousfooddeliciousbut

thetimewespendmakingandenjoyingittogetherisenjoyable.運用了倒裝句，并列句前限制

性定語從句;Hopeonedayyoucancomeandexperiencebyyourself!運用了祈使句和并列

句。

3.（2019?浙江）閱讀理解

Californiahaslosthalfitsbigtreessincethe1930s,accordingtoastudytobepublished

Tuesdayandclimatechangeseemstobeamajorfactor（因素）.

Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50percentonmorethan46,

000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests,thenewstudyfinds.Noareawassparedorunaffected,

fromthefoggynortherncoasttotheSierraNevadaMountainstotheSanGabrielsaboveLos

Angeles.IntheSierrahighcountry,thenumberofbigtreeshasfallenbymorethan55percent;in

partsofsouthernCaliforniathedeclinewasnearly75percent.

樹的砍伐、住房向森林里推進、對野火的控制使得小樹與大樹競爭資源都是導致大樹減少

的原因。控制野火的初衷是保護森林，但是卻導致大樹得不到足夠的資源而死亡。故答案

為D。

(3)細節理解題。將watershortage定位在第五段，而McIntyre在最后一段，根據the

biggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures,whichcause

treestolosemorewatertotheair可知,導致水源緊張的是上升的溫度,造成樹木將更多的

水分散失到空氣中。故答案為C。

(4)主旨大意題。文章的第一句是本文的主題句，文章圍繞加利福尼亞大量的大樹死亡展

開，對大樹數量減少的原因進行研究。故答案為A。

【點評】本文屬于生態環保類文章，文章的首段第一句即為本文的主題句。閱讀是緊扣主

旨，快速瀏覽文章內容。答題時注意根據問題中的關鍵詞在文章中定位，然后分析關鍵詞

所在句子的信息。

4.閱讀理解

Onaverage,Americansspendabout10hoursadayinfrontofacomputerorotherelectronic

devicesandlessthan30minutesadayoutdoors.ThatsaclaimmadebyDavidStrayer,a

professorofpsychologyattheUniversityofUtah.Inhis2017TEDTalk,Strayerexplainedthatall

thistimespentwithtechnologyismakingourbrainstired.

Usinganelectronicdevicetoansweremails,listentothenewsandlookatFacebookputsalot

ofpressureonthefrontofthebrain,which,Strayerexplains,isimportantforcritical侑判斷力

的）thinking,problem-solvinganddecision-making.

So,itisimportanttogivethebrainarest.Andbeinginnaure,Strayerclaims,helpsgetatired

brainawayfromtoomuchtechnology.Morethan15,000campersfromaroundtheworld

attendedaninternationalcampingfestivalinSeptember.Thatiswhenfriendsandfamilytake

timeoffandescapetonatureforseveraldays.Theytakewalks,climb,explore,swim,sleep,eat

andplay.Campingmaybejustwhatatiredbrainneeds.

TakeCarlforexample.HelivesinWestVirginiaandenjoyscamping.Hesaysthatstaying

outdoorsmakeshimfeelatease.Italsoprepareshimfortheworkhemustdo.KateSomersis

anotherexamplewhoalsolivesinWestVirginia.Shesayssheenjoyscampingwithherhusband

andtwochildren.Shecallsita“regenerative“experience.

AttheUniversityofUtah,DavidStrayerhasstudiedbothshort-termandlong-termexposureto

nature.Hefoundthatspendingshortamountsoftimeinnaturewithouttechnologydoescalm

thebrainandhelpsittorememberbetter.However;hefound,itisthelong-termcontactwith

naturethatdoesthemostgood.Heandhisresearchteamfoundthatspendingthreedaysin

naturpwithoutanytpchnolngyispnnughtimpfnrthebraintnfullyrplaxandrpspfitself.

(1)WhatisDavidStrayer'sopinion?

A.Americansdislikeoutdooractivities.

B.Electronicequipmentshouldbequitted.

C.Newtechnologiesareacouble-edgedsword.

D.Electronicequipmentbringsgreatconvenience.

(2)WhydoesStrayerinsistwegooutdoors?

A.Totryanotherlifestyle.B.Torefreshourbrain.

C.Tomakebetterdecisions.D.Toplaywithourfamilyandfriends.

(3)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“regenerative"mean?

A.RebornB.MemorableC.RemarkableD.Tiring

(4)Whichisthepropertitleforthepassage?

A.ElectronicEquipmentHarmstheBrain.B.GoodRestDevelopsGoodMemory.

C.TipsonUsingNewTechnologies.D.BeinginNctureIsGoodfortheBrain.

【答案】(1)C

(2)B

(3)A

(4)D

【解析】【分析】本文屬于科普文，主要闡述電子產品的過多使用讓大腦得不到休息，因

而鼓勵人們多進行戶外活動，讓大腦休息。

(1)推理判斷題。根據第二段Usinganelectronicdevicetoansweremails,listentothenews

andlookatFacebookputsalotofpressureonthefrontofthebrain可知，電子產品和網絡信

息給我們帶了方便，也給我們大腦產生了巨大的壓力，故可知，科技是一把雙刃劍，故選

Co

(2)細節理解題。根據第三段So,itisimportanttogivethebrainarest.Andbeinginnature,

Strayerclaims,helpsgetatiredbrainawayfromtoomuchtechnology.可知，親近大自然，可

以讓我們疲憊的大腦遠離科技產品，讓大腦獲得休息，故選九

(3)詞義猜測題。根據前文TakeCarlforexample.HelivesinWestVirginiaandenjoys

camping.Hesaysthatstayingoutdoorsmakeshimfeelatease.Italsoprepareshimforthework

hemustdo.可知，喜歡露營，呆在戶外讓他感到輕松，能夠為必須做的工作做好準備，故

可知這個過程是一個再生的過程，讓大腦休息的過程，故選A。

(4)主旨大意題。本文主要闡述電子產品的過多使用讓大腦得不到休息，因而鼓勵人們

多進行戶外活動.計大腦休息,故選D”

【點評】本題考點涉及細節理解，推理判斷，詞義猜測和主旨大意四個題型的考查，是一

篇說明類閱讀，要求考生先從問題中抓住關鍵性詞語(題眼)，然后以此為線索，運用略

讀及查讀的技巧快速在文章中尋找與此問題相關的：段落、語句，仔細品味，同時根據上

下文進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。

5.閱讀理解

AlisonMaimonwasendingherfreshmanyearattheUniversityofPennsylvania.US,whenshe

gotthenews:HerolderbrotherBrian,astudentatColumbiaUniversity;wassufferingfrom

mentalillness.

Inspiredbythis,Maimonformedagroupatheruniversitytoorganizestudentstotalkooenly

aboutmentalhealth.Itsoonblossomedintoanationalorganizationthattodayhasmorethan

450campuschapters.Leaderswiththeorganizationspendtheirtimetalkingwithcollege

studentsaboutthepressurethattoday'syoungpeopleface.

"Whatyouhearoftenisjustaneedtobeperfect,"ssidMaimon,"andaneedtopresent

oneselfasperfect."AnewstudyintheUKprovedthatthisneedforperfectionismissimplypart

oftoday'ssociety.Inthestudy,tworesearchersstudiedmorethan40,000studentsfromtheUS,

Canada,andtheUK.Theyfoundthatwhattheycalled"socially-prescribed(社會定向型的)

perfectionism"increasedbyathirdbetween1989and2016.

LeadresearcherThomasCurransaidthatwhilesomanyoftoday'syoungpeopletrytopresent

aperfectappearanceonline,socialmediaisn'ttheonlyreasonbehindthistrend.Instead,hesaid,

itmaybedrivenbycompetitioninmodemsociety,meaningyoungpeoplecan'tavoidbeing

sortedandrankedinbotheducationandemployment.Thatcomesfromnewnormalsituation

likegreaternumbersofcollegestudents,nationalexaminationandparentingthatincreasingly

emphasizessuccessineducation.

Furexample,in1976,halfofhighschoolseniorsexpectedtogeldcollegedegreeofsomekind.

By2008,morethan80percentexpectedthesame.Theresearchersalsosaidchangesin

parentingstylesoverthelasttwodecadesmighthavehadanimpact.Asparentsfeelincreased

pressuretoraisesuccessfulchildren,theyinturnpasstheir"achievementanxieties"ontotheir

kidsthrough"toomuchparticipationintheirchild'sactivitiesoremotions

ThoseinthementalhealthcommunitylikeMaimonsaythey'reconcernedabouttheimpact

thecultureofperfectionismhasonmentalhealthoncampuses."Mentalhealthhastrulybecome

thisgeneration'ssocialjustice(公正)issue,“shesaid."It'sourjobtoequipthemwiththetools

andtoletpeopleknowthatit'snottheirfault."

(1)WhatinspiredAlisonMaimontostartagrouprelatedtomentalhealth?

A.Herbrother'smentalillness.

B.Herprojectduringthefreshmanyear.

C.Thepressureshehadexperienced.

D.Herstronginterestinmentalhealth.

(2)Whatmaybepushingtodaysyoungpeopletostruggletobeperfect,accordingtothe

article?

a.Theimpactofsocialmedia.

b.Parents'highexpectationsoftheirchildren.

c.Thedecreasingnumberofcollegestudents.

d.Thefiercecompetitioninsociety.

e.Theirdesiretodrawtheirparents'attention.

A.a,b,c

B.a,d,e

C.a,b,d

D.b,c,e

(3)WhatdoesMaimonthinkisawaytohelpyoungpeoplemanagethepressureof

perfectionism?

A.Enablingthemtoknowwhatistoblamefortheirpressure.

B.Loweringtheirexpectationsofthemselves.

C.Reducingparents'involvementintheirchildren'slife.

D.Makingthemawareofwhattruesocialresponsibilityis.

(4)Whatisthearticlemainlyabout?

A.Anewstudyoncollegestudents.

B.Researchintothetrendofperfectionism.

C.Agroupdevotedtohelpingpeoplestaymentallyhealthy.

□.Variouspressuresthattoday'syoungpeoplearefacing.

【答案】(1)A

(2)C

(3)A

(4)B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了完美主義給當代年輕人帶來的巨大壓力，并

分析了完美主義出現的具體原因。

(1)考查細節理解。根據第一段中的"HerolderbrotherBrian,astudentatColumbia

University;wassufferingfrommentalillness."；以及第二段中的"Inspiredbythis,Maimon

formedagroupatheruniversitytoorganizestudentstotalkopenlyaboutmentalhealth.“可知正

是Maimon的哥哥Brian思上了精神病讓Maimon決定創辦一個研究精神病的研究小組。故

選Ao

(2)考查細節理解。根據第四段中的"socialmediaisn'ttheonlyreasonbehindthistrend.

Instead,hesaid,itmaybedrivenbycompetitioninmodemsociety...Thatcomesfromnew

normalsituationlikegreaternumbersofcollegestudents,nationalexaminationandparenting

thatincreasinglyemphasizessuccessineducation."可知社交媒體不是年輕人所面臨壓力的唯

一原因，當代社會的激烈競爭以及父母對孩子教育成功的期待都是重要原因。故選配

(3)考查推理判斷。根據最后一段中的"It，sourjobtoequipthemwiththetoolsandtolet

peopleknowthatit'snottheirfault."可知Maimon認為年輕人應該讓人們知道精神健康方面

的問題不是他們的錯誤，而是社會以及父母給他們帶來的。故選A。

(4)考查主旨大意。本文是一篇說明文，前兩段導入話題：完美主義給年輕人帶來了巨

大的精神壓力，人們組建了研究團隊對此進行研究。第三段第一句點明主題"Whatyouhear

。代enisjustaneedtobeperfect,"saidMaimon,"andaneedtopresentoneselfasperfect.'下文

分析了完美主義產生的具體原因，并提出了年輕人的應對方法。所以本文主要講述的是對

完美主義的研究。故選九

【點評】本題考點涉及細節理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇社會現象

類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節信息，同時根據上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析,推理，概

括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。

6.閱讀理解

ThemayorofFlintofferedMissMichiganEmilySiomahighpraiseonTuesdayforspeakingout

atthisweekend'sMissAmericaconferenceaboutthecity'swatercrisis.

"Iwasreallyexcitedforhertodothat,"MayorKarenWeavertoldTMZ."Ithinkshewasvery

bravebecausesomanytimesyousaywhoyouareandwhereyou'refromandjustgeneral

information.Forhertotakethatopportunityanduseherplatformandusehervoicetospeakup

aboutwhat'sgoingoninMichiganandinFlint,inparticular;wasjustamazing."

EmilySioma,24,introducedherselfonstageonSundaybysaying,"Fromthestatewi:h84

percentoftheU.S.freshwaterbutnoneforitsresidentstodrink.IamMissMichiganEmily

Sioma."Thebrief'speechwasareferencetoFlint,atownwithlead-filleddrinkingwater.

WeaversaidSioma'sdecisiontospeakabouttheFlintwatercrisisdemonstratedherimpressive

character."Iapplaudherforbeingabraveyoungwoman.Anditalsoshowsyouthatshe'snota

selfishperson,"Weaversaid."Shecouldhavetalkedonlyaboutherself,butshechosetousethis

opportunitytobringattentionto,andkeepattentionon,what'sgoingoninFlint,what'sgoingon

withwaterqualitystandardswhat'sgoingonwiththisbro<eninfrastructure(基礎設施)thatwe

haveacrossthecountry."

Ratingsshowedthat4.3millionviewerswatchedtheABCprogram.AlthoughMissNewYork

NidInidniFranklinullirndteywunIhecompelilion,niariyTwillerusersquicklygulbehindSionid,

whodidnotmakethefinal15,afterherintroduction.

"EmilySiomawantedtcmakeanimpact,"oneTwitteruserwroteonSunday.Regardlessof

whetheryouagreewithwhatshesaidornot-sheisshininglightonapressingissuethatwehave

inourstateandthatisstillnotsolved.ThatisaMissAmerica."

(1)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"watercrisis"refertoinParagraph1?

A.Watertransportation.

B.Watershortage.

C.Waterreservation.

D.Waterquality.

(2)HowdoesthemayorfindEmilySioma?

A.Curiousandcautious.

B.Braveandunselfish.

C.Proudandadmirable.

D.Talkativeandoutgoing.

(3)WhatdoestheauthorintendtodoinParagraph5?

A.Summarizethepreviousparagraphs.

B.IntroducetheABCprogram.

C.EmphasizeSioma'sinfluence.

D.Addsomebackgroundinformation.

(4)Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.TheMayorofFlint

B.ATwitterVoice

C.TheABCCompetition

D.AMissAmerica

【答案】(1)D

(2)B

(3)C

(4)D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，Sioma在一次會議中大膽地提出了美國大城市用水

質量存在的問題，Flint市的市長高度贊揚了她并認為她是一個勇敢且大公無私的人，網上

的人們也表達了對此事的看法。

(1)考杳詞義猜測。根據第三段中的"Fromthestatewith84percentoftheU.S.freshwater

butnoneforitsresidentstodrink”該州擁有美國84%的淡水，但卻沒有可供居民飲用的水;

和第四段中的"shechosetousethisopportunitytobringattentionto,andkeepattentionon,

what'sgoingoninFlint,what'sgoingonwithwaterqualitystandards”她選擇利用這個機會來引

起人們的注意，并持續關注Flint正在發生的事情，水質標準正在發生的事情，可推

知,Sioma在會議中提出了美國城市面臨的水質問題，由此可知，此處畫線詞watercrisis應指

美國城市的水質問題，與D項意思相近。故選D。

(2)考查細節理解。根據第四段中的“Iapplaudherforbeingabraveyoungwoman.Andit

alsoshowsyouthatshe'snotaselfishperson."我為她的勇敢喝彩。這也表明她不是一個自私

的人。可知，市長認為EmilySioma是一個勇敢時且大公無私的人。故選B。

(3)考查推理判斷。通讀第五段可知，雖然Sioma沒有獲得冠軍，但是有許多人都支持

她。再結合第六段中的"EmilySiomawantedtomakeanimpact/EmilySioma想要制造影

響；以及“oneTwitteruserwroteonSunday.Regardlessofwhetheryouagreewithwhatshe

saidornotsheisshininglightonapressingissue”一名Tv/itter用戶周日寫道。不管你是否同

意她所說的，她正在解決一個緊迫的問題)可推知，作者寫第五段主要是為了強調Sioma

的影響力。故選C。

(4)考查主旨大意。通讀全文可知，本文介紹了Sioma大膽地提出了美國大城市用水質量

存在的問題，Flint市市長高度贊揚了她。再根據最后一段中的"sheisshininglightona

pressingissuethatwehaveinourstateandthatisstillnotsolved.That,isaMissAmerica.“她在

我們州的一個緊迫問題上發出了希望之光，而這個問題仍然沒有得到解決。這就是美國小

姐。可知，選Do

【點評】本題考點涉及細節理解，詞義猜測，推理判斷和主旨大意四個題型的考查，是一

篇故事類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節信息的基礎上，進一步根據上下文的邏輯關系，進行

分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。

7.閱讀理解

Sincewe'veheadedintothesnowypartoftheyear,itseemslikeagoodtimetosolvea

languagepuzzlethatEskimoshaveahugenumberofwordsforsnow.Theideawaspopularized

bythenowwell-knownexpertBenjaminLeeWhorfinthe1940s.Hisnumberwasapproximately

fiveEskimowordsforsnow,butsomehowthestorywassowidespreadandromanticthatitgot

outofcontrolandgrewbiggerandbigger.

TherearetwoproblemswiththeconceptofEskimoshavingtonsofwordsforsnow.

First,Eskimosspeakatleasttwodifferentlanguages—InuitandYupik.Justaswehavetalked

abouthowEnglishandmanyotherlanguagesdevelopedfromacommonlanguagecalledProto-

Indo-European,InuitandYupikcomefromadifferentcommonlanguagecalledEskimo-Aleut.So

sayingEskimoshave100wordsforsnowislikesayingEuropeanshave100wordsforkingsor

queens.Itmightbetellingyousomethingbroadaboutculture,butitisn'treallytellingyoumuch

aboutlanguage.

Thesecondproblemis"Whatisaword?”TheInuitandYupiklanguagesmakewordsin

differentwaysfromhowv/emakewordsinEnglish.Forexample,theWestGreenlandicword

'siku/(seaice),isusedastherootfor'sikursuit(packice),'Sikuliaq(newice),and'sikurluk

(meltingice).Butit'snotthatWestGreenlandichassomanymorewordsfordescribingsnow

thanEnglish,it'sjustthatWestGreenlandicexpressesideasbycombiningmeaningfulunitsof

languagetogetherintoonewordwhileEnglishusesmorephrasesandcompounds.Weexpress

allthesameideas;wejustdoitalittledifferentlybecauseofthewayourlanguageisbuilt.

Soyou'reprobablystillv/ondering,"Ifit'snot50or100or400words,howmanyisit?"Well,

Woodburylists15thatarepresentinaYupikdictionarypublishedin1984,buthesaysthat

dependingonhowyoulookatitthisisnotanexactnumber.Itcouldbe12;itcouldbe24.Butit's

certainlynot100.

Sometimes,the"hundredwordsforsnow"puzzleisusedtoarguethatbecauseEskimoshave

somanywordsforsr\o\N,theythinkaboutsnowinwaysthatwecan'tevenbegintoimagine—

thatyourlanguagedecidesorlimitsyourthoughts.Languagesarejustdifferent.Theydon't

decidewhatweareabletothinkaboutorarenotabletothinkabout.Icanthinkaboutsnow

floatingonwaterevenifwedon'thaveawordforthatinEnglish.

Sowhenyou'reoutskiingorsnowboardingorjustshovelingyourdrivewaythiswinter,don't

believethepeoplewhotrytotellyouthatEskimoshave100wordsforsnow.

(1)WhyareEskimosthoughttohavesomanywordsforsnow?

A.BecausesnowiseverywherewhereEskimoslive.

B.Becausethestoryaboutitgotenrichedandbelieved.

C.BecausesnowisofgreatimportancetoEskimos.

D.BecauseEskimoshavegreataffectionforsnow.

(2)Howdoesthewriterexplainthefirstproblem?

A.Bypresentingfigures.B.Bymakingcomparisons.

C.Byquotingsayings.D.Byadoptingidioms.

(3)TheexampleofthewestGreenlandicword'siku'showsthat_.

A.themakingofwordsvariesfromlanguagetolanguage

B.theInuitandYupiklanguageshavemorewordsforsnow

C.therichnessofwordsandphrasesleadstodifferentideas

D.morephrasesaboutsnowarefoundintheEnglishlanguage

(4)Whatconclusioncanwesafelydrawfromthelasttwcparagraphs?

A.Eskimosbetterunderstandsnowthanotherpeople.

B.Languagesdeeplyinfluencepeople'sabilitytothink.

C.ThereisnopointcountingEskimo'sexpressionsforsnow.

D.Whatcomesintoourmindislimitedbyourlanguage.

【答案】(1)B

(2)B

(3)A

(4)C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了愛斯基摩人描述雪的詞語雖然多但并非傳言

中的100多個。出現這?想象的原因是1.愛斯基摩人本身就說兩種語言，不同的語言就會

有不同的描述。2.詞匯方面的融合也使得他們有很多能描述雪的詞語。

(1)考杳細節理解。根據第一段中的"HisnumberwasapproximatelyfiveEskimowordsfor

snow,butsomehowthestorywassowidespreadandromanticthatitgotoutofcontroland

grewbiggerandbigger.”可知,本身BenjaminLeeWhorf對于雪的詞匯可能就只有5個，但

是故事不斷的傳播，甚至帶著浪漫主義氣息，使得故事傳播的越來越廣泛，故事內容也越

來越夸張。故選B。

(2)考查推理判斷。根據第三段中的"JustaswehavetalkedabouthowEnglishandmany

otherlanguagesdevelopedfromacommonlanguagecalledProto-Indo-European,作者將英

語和從原始印歐語發展而來的其他語言進行了比較，由此可知采用了比較的方法。故選

B”

(3)考查細節理解。根據第四段中的"Weexpressallthesameideas;wejustdoitalittle

differentlybecauseofthewayourlanguageisbuilt."以及第四段的例子中,不同語言、不同詞

匯表達的都是同一個意思，唯一不同的是語言構建方式的不同而已。故選A。

(4)考查推理判斷。根據倒數第二段中的"Languagesarejustdifferent.Theydon'tdecide

whatweareabletothinkaboutorarenotabletothinkabout.”語言都是不一樣的，而且語言

也決定不了我們能或不能想什么；以及最后?段中的"don'tbelievethepeoplewhotrytotell

youthatEskimoshave100wordsforsnow."不用相信那些想要告訴你愛斯基摩人有100種描

述雪的詞匯，即不用在意究竟有多少訶。由此可知，訶匯的多少并不影響思想，故選C。

【點評】本題考點涉及細節理解和推理判斷兩個題型佗考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需

要準確捕捉細節信息，并根據上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。

8.閱讀理解

Theideathatcomputershavesomeamountof"intelligence"isnotnew,saysRalphHaupter,

thepresidentofMicrosoftAsia,pointingasfarbackas1950whencomputerpioneerAlanTuring

askedwhethermachinescanthink."Soithastakennearly70yearsfortherightcombinationof

factorstocometogethertomoveAlfromconcepttoreality；'saysHaupter.

Itispredictedthatthedevelopmentofartificialintelligencewillbethestoryoftheccming

generations,notjustthecomingyear,butas2019getsunderway,you'llfindAlwillbeginto

touchyourlifeinmanywaysaccordingtosomeresearchers.

"PersonalassistantAiswillkeepgettingsmarter.Asourpersonalassistantslearnmoreabout

ourdailyroutines,IcanimcginethedayIneednottoworryaboutpreparingdinner.MyAlknows

whatIliketoeat,whichdaysoftheweekIliketocookathome,andmakessurethatwhenIget

backfromworkallmygroceriesarewaitingatmydoorstep,readyformetopreparethat

deliciousmealIhadbeenlongingfor."---AlecjandroTroccoli,seniorresearchscientist,NVIDIA.

"ThankstoAl,thefacewillbethenewcreditcard,thenewdriver'slicenseandthenew

barcode(條形碼).Facialrecognitionisalreadycompletelytransformingsecuritywithbiometric

capabilitiesbeingadopted,andseeinghowtechnologyandbusinessareconnected,likeAmazon

iswithWholeFoods,Icanseeanearfuturewherepeoplewillnolongerneedtostandinlineat

thestore."—GeorgesNahon,president,OrangeInstitute,aglobalresearchlaboratory.

"2019willbetheyearAlbecomesrealformedicine.Bytheendoftheyearwe'reseeing

solutionsforpopulationhealth,