LESSON3EPIDEMICSEXPLAINEDUNIT9HUMANBIOLOGYLEARNINGOBJECTIVESToreadandtalkaboutepidemicsanddiseases;Tocomparepersonalopinionswiththeideasofothers;Toreadforspecificinformationtounderstandwordsincontext;Tonoticetheorganisationalstructureofthepassage;Toexpressanddiscussideasinagroupsetting;Tolearnandpractiseusingphrasalverbs;Tosearchonlineforinformationandpresentfindingstotheclass.KEYPOINTSANDDIFFICULTPOINTSToanswerthecomprehensionquestions;Togetkeyinformationinthetext;Togettheorganisationalstructureofapassage;Tolearnwordsandexpressionsincontext;Tostrugglewithcomplicatedsentencestructures;Tothinkcriticallyandexpressopinionsfreely.LEADINGINWhatepidemicsdoyouknowaboutLEADINGINWhatepidemicsdoyouknowaboutCOVID-19isanewstrainofcoronavirusthathasnotbeenpreviouslyidentifiedinhumans.TheCOVID-19isthecauseofanoutbreakofrespiratoryillnessfirstdetectedinWuhan,Hubeiprovince,China.LEADINGINWhatepidemicsdoyouknowaboutSevereacuterespiratorysyndrome(SARS)isaviralrespiratoryillnessthatwasrecognizedasaglobalthreatinMarch2003,afterfirstappearinginSouthernChinainNovember2002.LEADINGINWhatepidemicsdoyouknowaboutEbolaVirusDisease(EVD)isadeadlydiseasewithoccasionaloutbreaksthatoccurmostlyontheAfricancontinent.EVDmostcommonlyaffectspeopleandnonhumanprimates.ItiscausedbyaninfectionwithagroupofviruseswithinthegenusEbolavirus.WhatdoyouknowaboutepidemicsTick()thestatementsthatyouthinkarecorrect.□

Anepidemicistherapidspreadofaninfectiousdisease.□

Anepidemiccanaffectalargenumberofpeopleinagivenpopulation.□

Anepidemiccanoccurwithinashortperiodoftime,usuallytwoweeksorless.√√ACTIVATEANDSHARE√WhatdoyouknowaboutepidemicsTick(√)thestatementsthatyouthinkarecorrect.□Anepidemicmayspreadtoseveralcountriesorcontinents.□Somecommonviruses,suchasthecommoncold,arenotepidemics.□Anewepidemiccanbeadifferentvariationofavirusthatpeoplecaughtinthepast.√√ACTIVATEANDSHARE√Readthepassageandfindoutthefollowingquestions.READANDEXPLORE1.WhatisanepidemicAnepidemicisthenamegiventoaninfectiousdiseasethatrapidlyspreadstoalargenumberofpeoplewithinashortperiodoftime—usuallytwoweeksorless.2.HowcanadiseasebeclassifiedasanepidemicEachdiseasecanonlyofficiallybeclassifiedasanepidemiconceacertainnumberofdeathshaveoccurredfromthedisease.Readthepassage.Findoutwhatanepidemicisandhowadiseasecanbeclassifiedasanepidemic,Thencirclealltheepidemicsmentionedinthepassage.READANDEXPLOREbirdflu,the1918SpanishFlu,theBlackDeath,SARS,theEbolaVirusDisease(EVD)HowdoesthepassagedevelopA.InorderoftimeB.InorderofspaceC.InorderoflogicD.Inorderofplace√Readthepassageandanswerthefollowingquestions.READANDEXPLORE1.WhatisanepidemicA.Itisaninfectiousdisease.B.Itisadiseasethatspreadsrapidly.C.Itisadiseasethatkillsagreatnumberofpeople.D.Itisaninfectiousdiseasethatspreadsrapidly.√Readthepassageandanswerthefollowingquestions.READANDEXPLORE2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisrightaboutanepidemicA.Adiseasewhichcausesdeathscanbeclassifiedasanepidemic.B.Adiseasewhichspreadsrapidlycanbeclassifiedasanepidemic.C.EpidemicshavebeenhappeningforaslongastherehavebeenpeoplelivingonEarth.D.Epidemicscanonlybecausedbyavirusorbacteria.√Readthepassageandanswerthefollowingquestions.READANDEXPLORE3.WhichofthefollowingcancauseepidemicsaccordingtothepassageA.Aviruscarriedintoanarea.B.Fewerpeoplelivinginanarea.C.Peoplecatchingacommoncold.D.Awomanhavingahighfever.√Readthepassageandanswerthefollowingquestions.READANDEXPLORE4.WhatcanweknowaboutbirdfluaccordingtoParagraph4A.Itfirstappearedin1987.B.Ithastakenoveronethousandlives.C.Itisamodernadaptationofthe1918SpanishFlu.D.Peopledon’tworrythatitcouldbethenextglobalepidemic.√Readthepassageandanswerthefollowingquestions.READANDEXPLORE5.WhatisthevisiblesymptomofTheBlackDeathA.Theeyesbecometerriblyred.B.Thebodyhasblackspots.C.Peoplehaveahighfever.D.Peoplecoughalot.√Readthepassageandanswerthefollowingquestions.READANDEXPLORE6.WhichofthefollowingepidemicsisbelievedtohavebeenthemostsevereinhistoryA.TheSARS.B.TheEbolaVirusDisease.C.Thebirdflu.D.TheSpanishFlu.√Readthepassageandanswerthefollowingquestions.READANDEXPLORE7.WhatdoesthewriterwanttoconveyinthepassageA.Hewantstotellusthehistoryofepidemics.B.Hewantstocallonthecountriesworldwidetounitetoconductthoroughandsystematicmedicalresearchonepidemics.C.Hewantstowarnusofthedangerofepidemics.D.Hewantstogivethedefinitionofanepidemic.√Readthepassageandfigureoutthestructure.READANDEXPLOREEpidemicsexplainedPart1(Para.1-2）Basicinformationaboutepidemics:definition,cause,differencePart2(Paras.3-8）Epidemicsinhistory(Examples)Part3(Para.9）MeasurestofightagainstepidemicsREADANDEXPLOREPairWorkReadthepassageagain.Completethetableabouttheepidemicsmentioned.Thenchooseonediseasetotalkaboutwithapartner.NamePeriodPlacesDeathtollBirdFlu×EpidemicsintheRomanEmpireTheBlackDeath×since1997morethanahundredlives500—550CERomehalfthepopulation1330sAsiaandEuropeREADANDEXPLOREPairWorkReadthepassageagain.Completethetableabouttheepidemicsmentioned.Thenchooseonediseasetotalkaboutwithapartner.NamePeriodPlacesDeathtollTheSpanishFlu×SARS×EVD1918—theendofWorldWarI50millionpeople2002—2003China,Canada,VietnamandSingapore2013—2016WestAfricamorethan11310deathTick(√)theaspectsofinformationthatarementionedinthepassage.□whenepidemicsstarted□examplesofepidemics□treatments□baselinenumberofdeathsofepidemics√READANDEXPLORE□definition□whenitended□possiblecausesofepidemics□possiblesolutions√√√√√READANDEXPLORESkillBuilderDevelopingConceptsBasedontheTextConceptsarenotalwaysclearlydefinedinatext.Youneedtoreadanddevelopyourunderstanding.Readthetexttogetthegeneralidea.Identifyalltheinformationrelatedtotheconcept,e.g.examples,developments,effects,etc.Organisetheinformationandexplaintheconceptfromdifferentangles.READANDEXPLOREUseadiagramtodemonstrateinalogicalwayhowtheaspectsofinformationareorganised.EpidemicsdefinitionofepidemicsexamplesofepidemicsbaselinenumberofdeathsofepidemicswhenepidemicsstartedwhenitendedREADANDEXPLORE1.WhatarethemainfeaturesofanepidemicGiveatleasttwoexamplestoillustrateyourpoints.GroupWorkDiscussthequestions.

Themainfeaturesofanepidemic:(1)itisaninfectiousdisease(2)itspreadsrapidlytoalargenumberofpeoplewithinashortperiodoftime(3)acertainnumberofdeathshaveoccurredfromthedisease.Thecommoncoldisnotanepidemicbecausewhileitaffectsmanypeople,itdoesnotcausedeaths.SARSaffectedmanypeopleandcausedmanydeaths,soitisconsideredanepidemic.READANDEXPLORE2.WhatshoulddifferentcountriesdotopreventoutbreaksofepidemicsinthefutureWhyGroupWorkDiscussthequestions.

Countrieswillneedtoworktogethertodothisbecauseteamworkamongnationsacrosstheglobecansavelives.Thisisagoodexampleofbuildingacommunitywithsharedfutureformankind.READANDEXPLORE3.WhatdoesthetitlemeantoyouWhatdoesthewriterwanttoconveyinthepassageGroupWorkDiscussthequestions.

Thetitlemeansthatthepassagewillexplainquestionsaboutepidemics.Theauthorwantstoconveytheinformationthatwearealwaysonourwaytofindanexplanationtoepidemicssoastofindcure.Italsoimpliesthatepidemicsoccurrednaturallyandinevitably.Wecanonlyexplainit,andcannotpreventitorstopitcompletelynow.READANDEXPLORE4.WhatdoyouthinkthepassageiswrittenforGroupWorkDiscussthequestions.

Thisisapopularsciencearticle.Itismorelikelytobewrittenforpeoplewhoareinterestedinthistopicorwhohavealotofquestionsormisunderstandingofepidemics.READANDEXPLORECompletethesesentencesinyourownwords.1.Epidemicscanbecausedby…2.Diseasescanonlybeofficiallyclassifiedasepidemicswhen…3.TheSpanishFluspreadworldwidebecause…4.SincetheendoftheSARSepidemic,scientists…5.Countriesneedtoworktogethertoconductthoroughandsystematicresearchbecause…READANDEXPLORECompletethesesentencesinyourownwords.1.Epidemicscanbecausedbyavirusbeingcarriedintoanarea,orchangesinthewaypeoplelive. 2.Diseasescanonlybeofficiallyclassifiedasepidemicswhenabaselinenumberofpeoplehavediedfromthedisease.3.TheSpanishFluspreadworldwidebecausesoldiersandotherpeopleweremovingandtravellingaroundtheworldafterWorldWarI.READANDEXPLORECompletethesesentencesinyourownwords.4.SincetheendoftheSARSepidemic,scientistshavebeendoingexperimentsontreatmentsto