WordsandExpressionsWHAT'SINANAMETheUnitedKingdom,GreatBritain,Britain,England—manypeopleareconfusedbywhatthesedifferentnamesmean.Sowhatisthedifferencebetweenthem,ifanyGettingtoknowalittlebitaboutBritishhistorywillhelpyousolvethispuzzle.beconfusedby/about對…感到迷惑beconfusedwith與……混淆what引導的從句作介詞by的賓語，what在從句中作mean的賓語。ifany如果有什么的話ifso如果那樣gettingtoknow...是動名詞短語作主語。Para.1Inthe16thcentury,thenearbycountryofWaleswasjoinedtotheKingdomofEngland.Later,inthe18thcentury,thecountryScotlandwasjoinedtocreatetheKingdomofGreatBritain.Inthe19thcentury,theKingdomofIrelandwasaddedtocreatetheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIreland.Finally,inthe20thcentury,thesouthernpartofIrelandbrokeawayfromtheUK,whichresultedinthefullnamewehavetoday:

theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.Mostpeoplejustusetheshortenedname:“theUnitedKingdom”or“theUK”.PeoplefromtheUKarecalled“British”,

whichmeanstheUKisalsooftenreferredtoasBritainorGreatBritain.join...to...把……和……連接或聯結起來joinsb.indoingsth.加入某人一起做某事breakaway(fromsb./sth.)脫離；背叛；逃脫非限制性定語從句resultin導致resultfrom由于which引導的非限制性定語從句referto...as...把……稱為……Para.2定語從句ThefourcountriesthatbelongtotheUnitedKingdomworktogetherinsomeareas.Theyusethesameflag,knownastheUnionJack,

aswellassharethesamecurrencyandmilitarydefence.However,theyalsohavesomedifferences.Forexample,

England,Wales,Scotland,andNorthernIrelandallhavedifferenteducationsystemsandlegalsystems.Theyalsohavetheirowntraditions,liketheirownnationaldaysandnationaldishes.AndtheyevenhavetheirownfootballteamsforcompetitionsliketheWorldCup!that引導的定語從句過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾thesameflag①indefenceof為了保護/保衛...;為…辯護insb’sdefence為……辯護

②nationaldefence國防airdefence空防

self-defence自衛③defendv.防御；保護；辯解；辯白defend...from(against)...保護…免受…=protect...from…=prevent...(from)...=stop...(from)...=keep...from...④defensiveadj.防御的；保護的；保衛的Para.3TheUnitedKingdomhasalongandinterestinghistorytoexplore,whichcanhelpyouunderstandmuchmoreaboutthecountryanditstraditions.AlmosteverywhereyougointheUK,

youwillbesurroundedbyevidenceoffourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory.Thefirstgroup,

theRomans,cameinthefirstcentury.Someoftheirgreatachievementsincludedbuildingtownsandroads.Next,

theAnglo--Saxonsarrivedinthefifthcentury.TheyintroducedthebeginningsoftheEnglishlanguage,

andchangedthewaypeoplebuilthouses.which引導的非限制性定語從句狀語從句，everywhere意為“處處，到處”，引導狀語從句定語從句thefirstgroup的同位語定語從句，修飾theway，省略的that或inwhich在從句中作方式狀語Para.4beinevidence顯眼；顯而易見evidentadj.清楚的；顯而易見的；顯然的takeover接管，掌管prep.貫穿，遍及includedoingsth.包括做某事TheVikingscameintheeighthcenturyandleftbehindlotsofnewvocabulary,

aswellasthenamesofmanylocationsacrosstheUK.ThelastgroupweretheNormans.TheyconqueredEnglandafterthewell--knownBattleofHastingsinthe11thcentury.TheyhadcastlesbuiltallaroundEngland,

andmadechangestothelegalsystem.TheNormanswereFrench,

somanyFrenchwordsslowlyenteredintotheEnglishlanguage.havesth.done結構，表示“讓某事被做”。Para.4leavebehind留下enterinto成為……的一部分；影響belocatedin位于，座落于

關于belocated+加介詞in/on/at/to的區別在于：1)in指在某個范圍之內，通常是用于比較大但又沒有詳細資料。“范圍”不一定是面積上的大小，也可以是指一座大樓，但又不止那一層。如“Heislocatedinthatbuilding,butIdonotknowwhichfloor”。2)on指和某物相接,一般不會用于人身上。如“Thefactoryislocatedontheedgeofthecity”。側重地理位置或環境。3)at通常是用于有精確地址的情況。如“Heislocatedat2ndFloor,No.128,YuqingStreet,KuiwenDistrict,Weifang”。4)to指靠近某物但有一段距離,一般是用來形容“某人”或“某工廠”或“某公司”從某地“遷移”到另外一個地方。如“Itislocatedtothenortheastofthepark.ThereissomuchmoretolearnabouttheinterestinghistoryandcultureoftheUnitedKingdom.Studyingthehistoryofthecountrywillmakeyourvisitmuchmoreenjoyable.ThecapitalcityLondonisagreatplacetostart,

asitisanancientportcitythathasahistorydatingallthewaybacktoRomantimes.Therearecountlesshistoricsitestoexplore,

andlotsofmuseumswithancientrelicsfromallovertheUK.TheUKisafascinatingmixofhistoryandmodernculture，withbothnewandoldtraditions.Ifyoukeepyoureyesopen,

youwillbesurprisedtofindthatyoucanseebothitspastanditspresent.“Therebe＋主語＋todo”結構，不定式表示動作尚未發生。動名詞短語作主語“make＋賓語＋賓語補足語”結構。as引導的原因狀語從句that引導的定語從句現在分詞短語作后置定語，修飾ahistoryPara.5alloverChina全中國adj.極有吸引力的；迷人的keepyoureyesopen(for)留心；留意besurprisedtodosth.做某事很驚奇puzzle

n.謎；智力游戲；難題vt.迷惑；使困惑1)apuzzletosb.對某人來說是個難題2)puzzle

about/over冥思苦想，苦苦思索3)puzzlingadj.令人困惑的puzzledadj.感到困惑的4)bepuzzledabout...對...困惑5)puzzleout解開,研究出;判斷Isucceededinpuzzlingoutthemystery.我成功地解開了那個謎。6)puzzlementn.困惑;大惑不解Hestaredatthewordsincompletepuzzlement.他注視著那些語句,茫然不解。puzzle

n.謎；智力游戲；疑問vt.迷惑；使困惑[名師點津]過去分詞形式的形容詞，如puzzled,confused,frightened,excited,surprised等，除了可以用來描述人的心理活動以外，還可以用來修飾與人有關的一些名詞，如look,voice,smile,expression,face等。[即學即練]單句語法填空①Wheretheviruscamefromwasapuzzle____thescientists.②Whenthelittlegirlwasaskedsucha____________question,shestoodtherewitha_________lookonherface.(puzzle)③_______________iswhyheleftthecountrywithouttellinganyone.④Shefrowned_______________.她迷惑地蹙著眉。topuzzlingpuzzledWhatpuzzlesmeinpuzzlementbelongvi.應在（某處）；適應belongto屬于；是...的一員；與某事物或某處有關聯belonging

n.歸屬asenseofbelonging歸屬感belongingsn.（pl.）所有物；財產注意：belongto既不用于被動語態，也不用于進行時態;

to為介詞。[即學即練]單句語法填空/句型轉換①Shepackedherfew____________(belong)inabagandleft.②Atigerisalargefierceanimalwhichbelongstothecatfamily.→Atigerisalargefierceanimal____________thecatfamily.belongingsbelongingtosurroundvt.圍繞；包圍1)

surround...with…用……包圍/圍繞……

besurroundedby/with...被……包圍/環繞2)surroundingadj.周圍的；附近的surroundingsn.環境(常用復數)[即學即練]單句語法填空①The____________(surround)villageshavebeenabsorbedintothegrowingcity.②Someinsectstakeonthecoloroftheir____________(surround)toprotectthemselves.surroundingsurroundingsbreakaway(fromsb./sth.)脫離；背叛；逃脫；擺脫breakdown(機器)出故障；(談判)失敗；(身體)垮掉；分解breakin打斷；插嘴說；闖入breakinto闖入…；爆發breakout（戰爭）爆發；（火災）突然發生breakup分解；解散；擊碎；（關系等）破裂breakupwithsb:

endarelationshipwithsb與某人絕交She’sjustbrokenupwithherboy-friend.她剛與男朋友分手。breakthrough有重要創見;突破；克服，戰勝Scientistssaytheyarebeginningtobreakthroughinthefightagainstcancer.科學家們說,他們在防治癌癥方面開始有所突破。breakoff中斷，斷開She'sbroken____withherboy-friend.2.Aquarrelbroke_____amongthem.3.Thecarbroke______andtheyhadtowalkhome.4.Theybroke_____thehouseandtookthenecklaceaway.5.Thelittleboybroke______fromhismotherandranaway.6.Don’tbreak____whenothersarespeaking.upoutdownintoawayin用break相關短語填空單句語法填空[即學即練]選詞填空：breakawayfrom/breakout/breakdown①Itwasthefactthathiscar_____________onthewaythisafternoonthatmadehimlateforthemeeting.②Hewascharginghismobilephonewhenthefire__________．③Sheistryingto________________thebadhabit，whichmakesherparentshappy.brokedownbrokeoutbreakawayfromaswellas同（一樣也）；和；還①aswellas連詞用法，就遠原則，有相同用法的還有：with,alongwith,togetherwith,besides,like,ratherthan,withoutexcept,including,but,inadditionto等。②aswellas介詞用法，后接doing或名詞，意為“除..之外（還有），與besides,inadditionto相似。③aswellas一用于同級比較，意為“和.…...一樣好”aswell還（相當于too，用于肯定句句尾）may/mightaswelldosth.最好做某事；不妨做某事[即學即練]單句語法填空①I'lldosomereadingforfunandforknowledge____well.②E-mail,aswellastelephones,_____(be)playinganimportantpartindailycommunication.asis[鞏固內化]

單句語法填空1.Tearswelledupinhereyes,andherheartseemedtobetorn____well.2.Theteacheraswellashisstudents_________(go)toplanttreestomorrow.

asisgoing[銜接寫作]補全句子

4.

Ifyoudonotlikeswimming,you__________gojogging.如果不喜歡游泳,你不妨慢跑。5.Theyareacoupleintherealworld_________inthemovie.他們在電影和現實生活中都是一對夫婦。mayaswellaswellasTheyintroducedthebeginningsoftheEnglishlanguage,andchangedthewaypeoplebuilthouses．他們引入了最初的英語，并改變了人們建造房屋的方式。[句式分析]

way表示“方式；方法”時，其后常接inwhich或that引導的定語從句，也可以將關系詞inwhich或that省略掉，此時關系詞在從句中作方式狀語。Ithinkyouhurthispridebylaughingattheway(inwhich/that)hespeaksEnglish.我覺得你嘲笑他說英語的方式傷害了他的自尊心。(1)way后接定語從句時，如果關系詞在從句中作主語或賓語，則用關系代詞that或which，作賓語時還可以省略。Thewaythat/whichcameupatthemeetingwasunpractical.在會議上提出的方法不切實際。(2)way表示“方式；方法”時，其后還可接不定式或ofdoingsth.的形式。Youshouldkeepinmindthatcomparingnoteswithyourclassmatesfrequentlyisagoodwaytoimproveyourstudy.TheyintroducedthebeginningsoftheEnglishlanguage,andchangedthewaypeoplebuilthouses．他們引入了最初的英語，并改變了人們建造房屋的方式。[即學即練]單句語法填空①Theway_____youthinkaboutthingsisunique.②Thinkitover,andyou'llfindouttheway____________(solve)thisproblem.thattosolveIfyoukeepyoureyesopen，youwillbesurprisedtofindthatyoucanseebothitspastanditspresent.如果你留心觀察，你會驚奇地發現你能看到它的過去和現在。[句式分析]本句是“keep＋賓語＋賓語補足語”結構。Youshouldkeepyourroomtidyandclean.你應該讓你的房間保持干凈、整潔。“keep＋賓語＋賓語補足語”結構有以下幾種形式：形容詞/副詞/介詞短語doing（表示動作持續進行）done（表示被動）Hekeptmewaitingforhalfanhour.他讓我等了半個小時。Keepyourmouthshutandyoureyesopen.少說話，多觀察。keep＋賓語＋Ifyoukeepyoureyesopen，youwillbesurprisedtofindthatyoucanseebothitspastanditspresent.如果你留心觀察，你會驚奇地發現你能看到它的過去和現在。[即學即練]完成句子①她不集中精力工作導致了失敗。Thatshehadn't________________________resultedinthefailure.②那時班上其他學生閉著眼。Theotherstudentsintheclass_____________________then.kepthermindonherworkkeeptheireyesclosedⅠ.單句語法填空

1．WhenIwaswalkingonthestreet,Isawtwotravelerswerereadingamap,looking_________(puzzle).2．TuYouyouwasawardedtheNobelPrizeforhergreat_______________(achieve).puzzledachievement(s)practice3．____________(surround)byrowsoftrees,ourschoolstandsoutfromalltheotherbuildings.4．Theteacher,aswellashisstudents,____________(sing)asongwhenIpassedtheclassroom.5．Thereisanoldmansion____________(belong)toanofficeroftheQingDynasty.Surroundedwassingingbelonging6．There'sa____________(fascinate)drivemarkedoutfortourists.7．Somefamousperformerswilljoinintheperformance,whichwillsurelymaketheaudience_________(excite).8．Ilivedinasmallvillage_______(join)tothetownbyanarrowroad.fascinatingexcitedjoinedⅡ.選詞填空join...to,indefenceof,alltheway,breakawayfrom,keepyoureyesopen,leavebehind1．Ifyou___________________，youwillmakefewmistakes.2．Theyfinallywonabattle_____________theirmotherland.3．Everyindividualorgroup____________theworldbytheInternet.keepyoureyesopenindefenceofisjoinedto4．Theboy________________hismotherandranaway.5．Whatifthefamilyhadsimply_____thecat_______？6．At7a.m.westartedattheschoolgate，andthenweran___________tothefootofthehill.brokeawayfromleftbehindallthewayⅢ.完成句子

1．我花很多時間讀書，

也會和朋友們一起看電影、一起踢球。____________________________andplayingfootballwithmyfriends，Ispendalotoftimereading.2．他想出的防止空氣污染的方法非常好。___________________hethoughtoftopreventtheairpollutionwasverygood.AswellasgoingtothemoviesTheway(that/which)3．保羅在演講比賽中表現得很好。他上星期一定練習了很多次。Pauldidagreatjobinthespeechcontest.He___________________manytimeslastweek.4．這次培訓活動會讓學習英語更簡單、更有趣。

Thistrainingactivitywill_____________________________________________．musthavepracticedmakelearningEnglisheasierandmoreinterestingⅣ.課文語法填空AccordingtotheBritishhistory，Waleswasthefirstcountrytobejoined1.___theKingdomofEngland，whichhappenedinthe16thcentury.Later，ScotlandandtheKingdomofIreland2.________(add)tocreatetheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIreland.Inthe20thcentury，thesouthernpartofIreland3._______(break)awayfromtheUK，4._______resultedinthefullnamewehavetoday：theUnitedtowereaddedbrokewhichKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland，whose5._________(shorten)nameis“theUnitedKingdom”or“theUK”．ThefourcountriesoftheUKuse6._____sameflagaswellassharethesamecurrencyandmilitarydefence.However，theyalsohavesome7._________(different)，likedifferenteducationsystemsandlegalsystems.TheUK'slongandinterestinghistorycanhelpyouunderstandmuchmoreaboutthecountryanditstraditions.StudyingthehistoryofshortenedthedifferencestheUKwillmakeyourvisitmuchmore8.________(enjoy).ThecapitalcityLondonisagreatplace9.________(start)，asitisanancientportcitythathasahistory10.________(date)allthewaybacktoRomantimes.Therearecountlesshistoricsitestoexplore，andlotsofmuseumswithancientrelicsfromallovertheUK.enjoyabletostartdating拓展詞匯1._________n.謎；智力游戲;難題v.迷惑；使困惑→___________adj.令人困惑的→___________adj.感到困惑的→___________________n.迷惘；困惑2._________n.防御；保衛→_________v.保衛→_____________adj.防御