考研英語-試卷38

(總分：142.00,做題時間：90分鐘)

一、UseofEnglish(總題數(shù)：2,分?jǐn)?shù)：80.00)

1.SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)for

eachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorD.(分?jǐn)?shù)：40.00)

解析：

Agreatmanycreatureshavewhatarecalledwarningcolours,thatistosay,thecolouration

warnseverycreaturethattheanimalinquestionisdangerous.Theskunk(臭鼬)isoneofthe

best(1)ofthis,withhisbrilliantblackandwhitefur.Hewalks(2)evenin

broaddaylightandshowsno(3)whenheseesyou.Heheavily(4)hisfeetandputs

his(5)upintheair,daringyounottocome(6)closer.Andifyoudon'ttake

(7)ofthewarninghewillsprayyouwithhisevil-smelling(8)____,andnoanimal

thathasbeen(9)____byaskunkwillletithappen(10)_____IntheReptileHouseatazoo

youwillprobablyfindacase(11)ofsmalltreefrogs.Now,agreat(12)of

creaturesliketoeatfrogs,andsosomefrogsasa(13)canoozeoutasubstanceon

theirskin(14)makesthemtastehorrible.Thesefrogsaregenerallybanded(15)

brightwarningcolours,1ikeorange,red,yellowandbrightgreen.This,ofcourse,makes

them(16)likebrightly-colouredsweets,andrathergoodto(17)_butthebirdsand

animalsintheforesthavelearnt(18)bitterexperiencethatthesefrogsarethe

(19)thattastestheworst,andsotheyleavethem(20).(分?jǐn)?shù)：40.00)

A.creature

B.thingJ

C.example

D.warning

解析：解析：thing通常表示〃東西，物品，事情〃，在表示“人〃或〃動物〃時，往往帶有喜歡或厭惡的感情

色彩。如thepoorlittlething可憐的小東西

A.aboutJ

B.on

C.out

D.over

解析：解析：walkabout”到處走動〃，about作副詞時，表示〃附近，周圍〃。

A.colour

B.danger

C.fearJ

D.sign

解析：解析：該句意為，甚至在大白天它也到處走動，當(dāng)它看見你時也不害怕。

A.stampsV

B.changes

C.beats

D.moves

解析：解析：它重重地跺著腳，將尾巴高高地伸到空中，挑釁你不敢再走近它。heavily意為〃沉重地〃，

與stamp〃跺腳〃意義上相符。

A.head

B.feet

C.tailJ

D.nose

解析：解析：伸高尾巴以挑釁示威。

A.still

B.even

C.much

D.anyJ

解析：解析：表示否定時用any。

A.care

B.chance

C.advice

D.noticeV

解析：解析：takenoticeof”注意〃，為固定搭配。

A.fluidV

B.gas

C.oil

D.colour

解析：解析：該句意為，如果你并不注意它的警告，它將噴射出它臭不可聞的液體，沒有什么動物會象臭

鼬這樣兩次噴出液體。

A.caught

B.sprayedJ

C.warned

D.seen

解析：解析：spray〃噴射，噴濺〃。

A.more

B.soon

C.twiceJ

D.too

解析：解析：臭鼬會這樣兩次噴出液體。

A.fullJ

B.Short

C.instead

D.typical

解析：解析：fullof為固定搭配，意為〃充滿〃，該句指〃發(fā)現(xiàn)到處都是樹蛙的情況〃。

A.many

B.part

C.amount

D.numberV

解析：解析：agreatnumberof意為”為數(shù)眾多的

A.whole

B.means

C.wish

D.protectionJ

解析：解析：該句意為，現(xiàn)在為數(shù)眾多的動物喜歡吃樹蛙，而為了保護(hù)自己，一些樹蛙在皮膚上滲出一種

物質(zhì)，使它們難吃無比。

A.it

B.and

C.whichJ

D.where

解析：解析：應(yīng)填人連接限制性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞，只有which。

A.with

B.by

C.as

D.in

解析：解析：該句意為，這些樹蛙一般身上裹有鮮艷的警示色，諸如橙色、紅色、黃色和鮮艷的綠色。

with〃帶有,具有〃。

A.feelJ

B.all

C.look

D.much

解析：解析：該句意為，當(dāng)然，這種色彩使它們顯得象色彩鮮艷的糖果，相當(dāng)好吃，但樹林中的鳥兒和動

物有過痛苦的經(jīng)驗，這些樹蛙是最難吃的食物，所以它們都不打攪這些樹蛙。

A.make

B.eatJ

C.see

D.look

解析：解析：goodtoeat"好吃"o

A.at

B.withJ

C.in

D.of

解析：解析：learnwithexperience”有過經(jīng)驗”。

A.sweets

B.foodJ

C.substances

D.ones

解析：解析：動詞taste"品嘗"，從邏輯上應(yīng)該填入食物。

A.ahead

B.about

C.aloneV

D.aside

解析：解析：leavesbalone為習(xí)慣用法，意為〃不打攪某人〃。

二、ReadingComprehension（總題數(shù)：10,分?jǐn)?shù)：58.00）

2.SectionIIReadingComprehension

解析：

3.PartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextby

choosingA,B,CorD.

解析：

Whethertheeyesare"thewindowofthesoul"isdebatable;thattheyareintensely

importantininterpersonalcommunicationisafactduringthefirsttwomonthsofababy's

1ife,thestimulusthatproducesasmileisapairofeyes.Theeyesneednotbereal:a

maskwithtwodotswi11produceasmile,significantly,arealhumanfacewitheyescovered

willnotmotivateasmile,norwillthesightofonlyoneeyewhenthefaceispresentedin

profile.Thisattractiontoeyesasopposedtothenoseormouthcontinuesasthebaby

matures.Inonestudy,whenAmericanfour-year-oldswereaskedtodrawpeople,75percentof

themdrewpeoplewithmouths,but99percentofthemdrewpeoplewitheyes.InJapan,

however,wherebabiesarecarriedontheirmother'sback,infantsdonotacquireasmuch

attachmenttoeyesastheydoinothercultures.Asaresult,Japaneseadults“makelittle

useofthefaceeithertoencodeordecodemeaning.Infact,Argylerevealsthattheproper

placetofocusone'sgazeduringaconversationinJapanisontheneckofone's

conversationpartner.Theroleofeyecontactinaconversationalexchangebetweentwo

Americansiswelldefined:speakersmakecontactwiththeeyesoftheirlistenerforabout

onesecond,thenglanceawayastheytalk;inafewmomentstheyreestablisheyecontact

withthelistenerorreassurethemselvesthattheiraudienceisstillattentive,thenshift

theirgazeawayoncemore.Listeners,meanwhile,keeptheireyesonthefaceofthespeaker,

allowingthemselvestoglanceawayonlybriefly.Itisimportantthattheybelookingatthe

speakerattheprecisemomentwhenthespeakerreestablisheseyecontact:iftheyarenot

1ooking,thespeakerassumesthattheyaredisinterestedandeitherwi11pauseunti1eye

contactisresumedorwillterminatetheconversation.Justhowcriticalthiseye

maneuveringistothemaintenanceofconversationalflowbecomesevidentwhentwospeakers

arewearingdarkglasses;theremaybeasortoftrafficjamofwordscausedby

interruption,falsestarts,andunpredictablepauses.（分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00）

（1）.Theauthorisconvincedthattheeyesare（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.ofextremeimportanceinexpressingfeelingsandexchangingideasJ

B.somethingthroughwhichonecanseeaperson'sinnerworld

C.ofconsiderablesignificanceinmakingconversationsinteresting

D.somethingthevalueofwhichislargelyamatteroflongdebate

解析：解析：在第一段，作者提到眼睛在人們相互交流中的主要作用從嬰兒時就開始了。文章進(jìn)而深入探

討這種作用。

（2）.Babieswi11notbestimulatedtosmi1ebyaperson（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.whosefrontviewisfullyperceived

B.whosefaceiscoveredwithamask

C.whosefaceisseenfromthesideJ

D.whosefaceisfreeofanycovering

解析：解析：第一段第二句指出，有意思的是，將眼睛遮住的人臉不會將嬰兒逗笑，當(dāng)臉處于一個側(cè)面，

只能看見一只眼睛時也是這樣。

（3）.Accordingtothepassage,theJapanesefixtheirgazeontheirconversationpartner's

neckbecause（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.theydon'tliketokeeptheireyesonthefaceofthespeaker

B.theyneednotcommunicatethrougheyecontact

C.theydon'tthinkitpolitetohaveeyecontact

D.theydidn'thavemuchopportunitytocommunicatethrougheyecontactinbabyhoodJ

解析：解析：第一段倒數(shù)第三句指出，日本嬰兒是母親背在背上的，他們長大后談話時也沒有注視別人眼

睛的習(xí)慣，注視的是談話者的脖子。

（4）.Accordingtothepassage,aconversationbetweentwoAmericansmaybreakdowndueto

（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.temporaryglancingawayfromthe1istener

B.eyecontactofmorethanonesecond

C.improperly-imedceasingofeyecontactJ

D.constantadjustmentofeyecontact

解析：解析：第二段第三句指出，兩個美國人談話時如果沒有互相注視，說話者會認(rèn)為互相不感興趣，談

話會終止，直到互相注視為止。

（5）.Tokeepaconversationflowingsmoothly,itisbetterfortheparticipants（分?jǐn)?shù)：

2.00）

A.nottoweardarkspectaclesJ

B.nottomakeanyinterruptions

C.nottoglanceaway"fromeachother

D.nottomakeunpredictablepauses

解析：解析：第二段最后一句指出，當(dāng)兩個談話者都戴著墨鏡，會出現(xiàn)話語不流暢，話不投機(jī)，談話莫名

其妙地終止。

WASHINGTON,D.C.—ThethreatofballisticmissilesfromcountriessuchasIranandNorth

Koreacouldmaterializewithlittlewarning,aCongressionalpanelofdefenseexperts

reportedtoday.ThatconclusiondiffersfromearlierassessmentsbytheU.S.intelligence

communityandtheClintonAdministration,whichhaveconcludedthatanewthreattoU.S.

territoryisatleastadecadeoff.Thepanel—calledtheCommissiontoAssesstheBallistic

MissileThreattotheUnitedStates—wassetupbytheNationalDefenseAuthorizationActof

1997andfirstmetinJanuary1998.Itsninepolicymakers;technologists,andsenior

militaryofficialshad^unprecedentedaccesstothemostsensitiveandhighlyclassified

information,saidpanelchairpersonDonaldRumsfield,aformersecretaryofdefense,ata

pressconferencehere.Thepanelfoundthatliberalizedexportcontrols,increased

internationalexchangesofstudentsandscientificpersonnel,andleaksofclassified

informationhaveresultedin"massivetechnologytransfer*bothfromdevelopednationsto

roguenationsandbetweenthosecountriesthemselves.Moreover,potentialaggressorscould

minimizethetechnicalchallengebysettlingformissileswithlimitedaccuracyor

reliability.ThereportwarnsthatnationswithScudmissiletechnology,suchasIran,could

testalong-rangemissilewithinabout5yearsfromdecidingtopursuesuchaprogram.North

Koreaalsohasthetechnologyforproducingbiologicalweapons,thepanelnoted.Test

flightsoftheirmissilesthatwou1dbeabletoreachpartsofHawaiiandAlaskacouldtake

placewithin6monthsofadecision.BecauseoftheUnitedNationsarmsinspections,

however,Iraqislaggingbehindandwouldtake10yearsfrominitiatinganefforttoposing

amissilethreattotheUnitedStates.SpeakeroftheHouseNewtGingrichcalledthereport

“themostimportantwarningaboutournationalsecuritysincetheendoftheColdWar,“and

urgedtheestablishmentofabipartisan,bicameralcommitteetoworkwiththeAdministration

todecide:futurepolicy.AWhiteHousespokespersonwasnoncommittal,sayingthatthe

report'srecommendationsonintelligenceanalysiswouldbetakenintoaccount,butthatthe

administrationstoodbyitsMarchintelligenceassessment.Thatreportconcludedthatitis

unlikelythatcountriesotherthanRussia,China,orNorthKoreacoulddeployaballistic

missilecapableofreachinganypartoftheUnitedStatesbefore2010.（分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00）

（1）.TheU.S.intel1igencecommunityandtheClintonAdministrationthinkthat____（分?jǐn)?shù)：

2.00）

A.theU.S.willnotbeattackedbymissileinthenearfutureV

B.othercountriesmayattacktheU.S.withmissilerightaftertheydeclarewar

C.theU.S.mayhawasuddenmissileattack

D.theU.S.willneverbeattackedbymissile

解析：解析：第一段最后一句指出，美國智囊團(tuán)和克林頓政府早期的結(jié)論是至少十年內(nèi)美國本土不會有新

的威脅。

（2）.Theword“classified"inthesecondparagraphmostprobablymeans_（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.arrangedinclasses

B.officiallysecretV

C.traditional

D.public

解析：解析：classified〃分等級的，機(jī)密的〃，根據(jù)該句意義，它的9個政策制定者、技術(shù)員和高級軍事

官員前所未有地接觸到最敏感和高度機(jī)密的信息。

（3）.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueabouttheCommissiontoAssessThe

BallisticMissileThreattotheUnitedStates?（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.Itcameintobeingin1997

B.Itismadeupofpolicy-makers,technologistsandseniormilitaryofficials

C.Itsmemberscangetthehighlyclassifiedinformation

D.ItschairmanDonaldRumsfieldnowisalsothesecretaryofdefenseV

解析：解析：第二段第二句提到DonaldRumsfield是“前國防部秘書〃(aformersecretaryof

defense),故D明顯是錯誤的。

(4).Fromthethirdparagraphweknowthat(分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00)

A.IranhasthetechnologyofproducingScudmissile

B.somecountriescouldsendlong-rangemissilerightaftertheydecidetodoso

C.IraqcannotbecomeamissilethreattoAmericanow

D.bothAandCJ

解析：解析：第三段第一句和最后一句提到，像伊朗這樣的國家，可在5年內(nèi)實現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)程導(dǎo)彈試驗。由于美

國的武器檢查，伊朗處于落后地位，要制造出對美國有威脅的導(dǎo)彈也要10年之后。故答案應(yīng)為(D)。

(5).Accordingtothelastparagraph,whichofthe,followingstatementsisNOTtrue?

(分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00)

A.ThespeakeroftheHouseNewtGingrichthinkstheUS.shouldpayattentiontothe

report

B.Hethinksacommitteeshouldbesetuptoworkoutsolutionsforthemissilethreat

C.TheWhiteHousespokespersondidnotofferaclearanswertothereport.

D.Russia,ChinaandNorthKoreaareunlikelytosendamissilereachingtheUSterritory

before2010J

解析：解析：最后一段最后-一句指出，在2010年之前，除俄國、中國和北朝鮮之外的國家是沒有能力部

署能到達(dá)美國任何地方的導(dǎo)彈。

Whoknowsbetterthanyourcustomerswhereyouroperationscanbeimproved?Today,

progressivefirmsincreasinglyrelyonadvisorycouncilstosuggestimprovements,recommend

action,andofferfeedbackonprogramsandpolicies.Infact,manycompaniesfeelthatthis

formofcommunicationisvitaltothecontinuousimprovementoftheirbusinessoperations.A

counci1,amongotherthings,improvescommunicationandspursimprovementofoperations.

Rememberthatthesecrettosuccessisdialogue-theexchangeofideasandopinions.Focus

onproblemsyourcustomershave.Spelloutyourgoalsandobjectives.Eachmeetingshould

haveaspecificobjectivetoaccomplish.Determinethemeeting'sfrequency.Ifyouwantto

implementastrategicplan,anannualmeetingmaybeenough.Ifyouwanttofocuson

operationalissues,moremeetingsmaybeneeded.Agoodcounci1wi11havenomorethan12

people,withhalfofthemembersfromyourcompanyandhalfyourcustomers.Itshouldalso

havediversityinitsmembership.Membersshouldservefromonetothreeyears-rotationof

membershipwillensurethecouncildoesn'tbecomestale.Findanapproximatemeetingsite,

whetherit“sin-houseoroffsite,wheretherewillbenointerruptions.Youshouldpayfor

alltheexpensesrelatedtothemeeting—remember,thecouncilmembersareprovidingyour

companywithaservice.Treatthemasyourguestsandyourexperts.Ifyouhaveafixed

beginningandendingtimetoyourmeeting,sticktoit.Whenstructuringthemeeting,

rememberthe80720problem-solvingrule.Structurethemeetingsothat20percentofthe

timeisspentidentifyingordiscussingaproblemand80percentofthetimeisspent

designingasolution.Oftenitishelpfultohaveapersonactastimekeeperandannounce

whentheagendatimeforaparticularitemhasexpired.However,duringthemeeting,be

flexible.Thefaci1itatorcanallow.thegrouptodecidewhethertomoveontothenextitem

orextendthediscussion.Asyougoalong,looktonarrowthedifferencesamongmembersand

formaconsensus.Asthemeetingcloses,summarizewhatwasaccomplished,checkingfor

agreementandcommitmentamongthemembers.Makeadetailedlistofthefollow-upitems,who

hasresponsibilityforeachitem,andatimelineforcompletion.Theresultsfromreally

listeningtoandlearningfromyourcustomersinawell-runadvisorycouncilcanpayhuge

dividends.（分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00）

（1）.Whydoesthewriterputthesuggestionthat,advisorycouncilsshouldbesetup

（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.Becausetheycaninfluencebusinessoperations

B.becausebusinessimprovementsdependoncommunicationwiththemJ

C.Becausetheyareheavilyreliedonbyprosperouscompanies

D.Becausegoalsandobjectivesaresetoutbythem

解析：解析：第一段第二句指出，事實上，許多公司覺得顧問班子對公司的經(jīng)營能起到持續(xù)的提高作用。

（2）.Whatseemstobethemostimportantthingyouhavetodecideonbeforeameetingstarts?

（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.Thelengthoftheagenda

B.Thefrequencyofthemeetings

C.AspecificobjectivetoaccomplishV

D.Operationalissues

解析：解析：第三段第句指出，每次會議必須有一個明確的實現(xiàn)目標(biāo)。

（3）.Whichofthefollowingisexcludedamongthesuggestedrequirementsforthemake-upof

anidealcouncil?_____（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.50to50representationfromthecompanyanditscustomersrespectively

B.Changeablemembership

C.Membersofdifferenttypes

D.MembersshouldmovearoundformoresuggestionsJ

解析：解析：第四段指出：理想的顧問班子不應(yīng)該超過12個人，一半來自本公司，另一半來自客戶，成

員應(yīng)該多種多樣的，同時任期為一到三年。文中沒有提到“成員們應(yīng)該到處活動以得到過多建議”。

（4）.Whoshouldpayfortheexpensesofthemeetingsandwhy?（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.Councilmembersshouldbecausetheyspendallthemoney

B.Thecompanyshouldbecauseitwi11profitfromthemJ

C.Customersshouldbecausetheyreaptheprofitintheend

D.Theorganizersshouldbecauseitistheirresponsibility

解析：解析：第五段第二句指出，你應(yīng)該支付會議有關(guān)的一切費用，記住顧問班子成員是在為你們公司提

供服務(wù)。

（5）.Whatisthemainprincipletobeobservedinfollowingtheprocedures?（分?jǐn)?shù)：

2.00）

A.FlexibilityV

B.Strictness

C.Practicality

D.Understanding

解析：解析：第七段第二句指出，通常，當(dāng)某個議程規(guī)定的時間已到，有一-個人來計時并宣布時間很有幫

助。然而，在會議期間，需要靈活掌握。A最貼近題意。

AreportconsistentlybroughtbackbyvisitorstotheUSishowfriendly,,courteous,and

helpfulmostAmericanswereto"them.Tobefair,thisobservationisalsofrequentlymade

ofCanadaandCanadians,andshouldbestbeconsideredNorthAmerican.Thereare,ofcourse,

exceptions.Small-mindedofficials,rudewaiters,andill-manneredtaxidriversarehardly

unknownintheUS.Yetitisanobservationmadesofrequentlythatitdeservescomment.For

alongperiodoftimeand{nmanypartsofthecountry,atravelerwasawelcomebreakinan

otherwisedullexistence.Dullnessandlonelinesswerecommonproblemsofthefamilieswho

generallyliveddistantfromoneanother.Strangersandtravelerswerewelcomesourceof

diversion,andbroughtnewsoftheoutsideworld.Theharshrealitiesofthefrontieralso

shapedthistraditionofhospitaiity.Someonetravelingalone,ifhungry,injured,orill,

oftenhadnowheretoturnexcepttothenearestcabinorsettlement..Itwasnotamatterof

choiceforthetravelerormerelyacharitableimpulseonthepartofthesettlers.It

reflectedtheharshnessofdailylife,ifyoudidn^ttakeinthestrangerandtakecareof

him,therewasnooneelsewhowould.Andsomeday,remember,youmightbeinthesame

situation.Todaytherearemanycharitableorganizationswhichspecializeinhelpingthe

wearytraveler.Yet,theoldtraditionofhospitalitytostrangersisstillverystrongin

theUS,especiallyinthesmallercitiesandtownsawayfromthebusytouristtrails."Iwas

justtravelingthrough,gottalkingwiththisAmerican,andprettysoonheinvitedmehome

fordinner—amazing.SuchobservationsreportedbyvisitorstotheUSarenotuncommon,but

arenotalwaysunderstoodproperly.ThecasualfriendlinessofmanyAmericansshouldbe

interpretedneitherassuperficialnorasartificial,butastheresultofahistorically

developedculturaltradition.Asistrueofanydevelopedsociety,inAmericaacomplexset

ofculturalsignals,assumptions,andconventionsunderliesallsocialinterrelationships.

And,ofcourse,speakingalanguagedoesnotnecessarilymeanthatsomeoneunderstands

socialandculturalpatterns.Visitorswhofailto"translate"culturalmeaningsproperly

oftendrawwrongconclusions.Forexample,when,anAmericanusestheword"friend”,the

culturalimplicationsofthewordmaybequitedifferentfromthoseithasinthevisitors

languageandculture.Ittakesmorethanabriefencounteronabustodistinguishbetween

courteousconventionandindividualinterest.Yet,beingfriendlyisavirtuethatmany

Americansvaluehighlyandexpectfrombothneighborsandstrangers.(分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00)

(1).Intheeyesofvisitorsfromtheoutsideworld(分?jǐn)?shù):2.00)

A.rudetaxidriversarerarelyseenintheU.S.

B.small-mindedofficialsdeserveaseriouscomment

C.Canadiansarenotsofriendlyastheirneighbors

D.mostAmericansarereadytoofferhelpV

解析：解析：第一段第一句指出，到美國去的旅游者對大多數(shù)美國人的印象是友好、禮貌和樂于助人。

(2).Itcouldbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat(分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00)

A.cultureexercisesaninfluenceoversocialinterrelationshipJ

B.courteousconventionandindividualinterestareinterrelated

C.variousvirtuesmanifestthemselvesexclusivelyamongfriends

D.socialinterrelationshipsequalthecomplexsetofculturalconventions

解析：解析：最后一段第?句指出，與任何發(fā)達(dá)國家一樣，美國也有一套復(fù)雜的文化特征、觀念和習(xí)俗成

為社會相互關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)。可見文化對社會關(guān)系的影響巨大。

(3).Familiesinfrontiersettlementsusedtoentertainstrangers(分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00)

A.toimprovetheirhardlife

B.inviewoftheirlong-distancetravel

C.toaddsomeflavortotheirowndailylifeJ

D.outofacharitableimpulse

解析：解析：第二段指山，旅游者的到來受到歡迎，他們給沉悶和寂寞的家庭帶來外面的消息。

(4).Thetraditionofhospitalitytostrangers_(分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00)

A.tendstobesuperficialandartificial

B.isgenerallywellkeptupintheUnitedStatesV

C.isalwaysunderstoodproperly

D.hassomethingtodowiththebusytouristtrails

解析：解析：第四段第二句指出，至今，好客的老傳統(tǒng)在美國仍然盛行，特別是在遠(yuǎn)離旅游線路的小城

鎮(zhèn)。

(5).Theword“superficial”(Para.4)mightmean(分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00)

A.thoroughandprofound

B.morethanisneeded

C.onthesurfaceonlyJ

D.contemptuouslyindifferent

解析：解析：該句意為，許多美國人不經(jīng)意的友好既不能認(rèn)為是〃表面的〃，也不能認(rèn)為是〃虛偽的〃，而是

文化傳統(tǒng)歷史發(fā)展的結(jié)果。

4.PartB

解析：

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethe

mostsuitableonefromthelist(A、B、C、D、E、F、G...)tofitintoeachofthenumbered

blank.Thereareseveralextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.(10points)If

yousmokeandyoustilldon'tbelievethatthere〃s〃adefinitelinkbetweensmokingand

bronchialtroubles,heartdiseaseandlungcancer,thenyouarecertainlydeceiving

yourself.Noonewillaccuseyouofhypocrisy.Letusjustsaythatyouaresufferingfroma

badcaseofwishfulthinking.Thisneedn^tmakeyoutoouncomfortablebecauseyouarein

goodcompany.Wheneverthesubjectofsmokingandhealthisraised,thegovernmentsofmost

countrieshearnoevil,seenoevi1andsmellnoevil.Admittedly,afewgovernmentshave

takentimidmeasures.(41)1.(42)2.Theanswerissimplymoney.Tobaccoisawonderful

commoditytotax.It“salmostlikeataxonourdailybread.Intaxrevenuealone,the

governmentofBritaincollectsenoughfromsmokerstopayforitsentireeducational

facilities.Sowhiletheauthoritiespointouteversodiscreetlythatsmokingmay,

conceivably,beharmful,itdoesn'tdotoshouttoo1oud1yaboutit.Thisissurelythemost

short-sightedpolicyyoucouldimagine.(43)3.Enormousamountsarespentoncancer

researchandoneffortstocurepeoplesufferingfromthedisease.Countlessvaluablelives

arelost.Inthelongrun,thereisnodoubtthateverybodywouldbemuchbetter-offif

smokingwerebannedaltogether.Ofcourse,wearenotreadyforsuchadrasticaction.But

ifthegovernmentsoftheworldwerehonestlyconcernedaboutthewelfareoftheirpeoples,

you“dthinkthey〃dconductaggressiveanti-smokingcampaigns.Farfromit!Thetobacco

industryisallowedtospendstaggeringsumsonadvertising.Itsadvertisingisasinsidious

asitisdishonest.Wearenevershownpicturesofrealsmokerscoughinguptheirlungs

earlyinthemorning.Thatwouldneverdo.(44)4.(45)5.Smokingshouldbebannedinall

publicplacesliketheatres,cinemasandrestaurants.Greateffortsshouldbemadetoinform

youngpeopleespeciallyofthedireconsequencesoftakingupthehabit.Ahorrific

warning一say,apictureofadeath'shead,shouldbeincludedineverypacketofcigarettes

thatissold.Asindividuals,wearecertainlyweak,butifgovernmentsactedhonestlyand

courageously,theycouldprotectusfromourselves.A.Forastart,governmentscouldbegin

bybanningallcigaretteandtobaccoadvertisingandshouldthenconductanti-smoking

advertisingcampaignsoftheirown.B.Youdon'thavetolookveryfartofindoutwhythe

officialreactionstomedicalfindingshavebeenso1ukewarm.C.Ifsmokingisbannedinour

1ife,someeconomistswou1dworryaboutagreatlossincigaretteseconomy.D.Whilemoneyis

eagerlycollectedinvastsumswithonehand,itispaidoutinincreasinglyvastersums

withtheother.E.Theadvertisementalwaysdepictsvirile,clean-shavenyoungmen.They

suggestitismanlytosmoke,evenpositivelyhealthy!Smokingisassociatedwiththegreat

open-airlife,withbeautifulgirls,trueloveandtogetherness.Whatutternonsense!F.

Smokingisdiscouragedamongthestudentsatai1ofourcolleges,thesubjectofsmokingand

healthiswidelydiscussedthere.G.InBritain,forinstance,cigaretteadvertisinghasbeen

bannedontelevision.Theconscienceofthenationisappeased,whilethepopulation

continuestopuffitswaytosmoky,cancerousdeath.(分?jǐn)?shù)：8.00)

填空項1：(正確答案：正確答案：B)

解析：解析：空白后面句子明顯是對空白內(nèi)容的回答：回答很簡單，是錢的問題。B提出了問題：你不用

費勁得出為什么官方對醫(yī)學(xué)的發(fā)現(xiàn)會一直很冷淡。

填空項1：（正確答案：正確答案：D）

解析：解析：空白前面的句子指出，這肯定是最目光短淺的政策（指不敢大膽禁煙），D指出什么是口光短

淺：一方面是大肆搜刮錢財，另一方面是更大的付出。后面提到大量的資金投入到癌癥研究和治療。

填空項1：（正確答案：正確答案：E）

解析：解析：空白前提到廣告都在對吸煙作虛假宣傳，從來沒有暴露它的危害。E進(jìn)一步作出闡述，廣告

總是宣傳健康男性抽煙，有益健康，與戶外生活、漂亮女孩、愛情和歡聚聯(lián)系起來，真是一派胡言。

填空項1:（正確答案：正確答案：A）

解析：解析：空白后面提到禁煙措施，A提出應(yīng)該由政府開頭，首先禁止廣告，掀起反對吸煙的廣告宣

傳。

5.PartCDirections:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlined

segmentsintoChinese.

解析：

Bothcommonsenseandresearchsaymemorydeclinesovertime.Theaccuracyofrecal1and

recognitionareattheirbestimmediatelyafterencodingtheinformation,decliningatfirst

rapidly,thengradually.（46）Thelongerthedelay,themorelikelyitisthatinformation

obtainedaftertheeventwillinterferewiththeoriginalmemory,whichreducesaccuracy.

Admittedly,subsequentinterviewsormediareportscancreatesuchdistortions.（47）“People

areparticularlysusceptibletohavingtheirmemoriesmodifiedwhenthepassageoftime

allowstheoriginalmemorytofade,andwillbemostsusceptibleiftheyrepeatthe

misinformationasfact."Leadingquestionscanleadtomistakes.Ifwitnessesareasked

whethertheoffenderhadabeard,theymayincorporateanimaginarybeardintotheir

memories.Subsequentquestioningcanreinforcetheerrorthroughrepetition.Itisgenerally

agreedthatthememoriesofadultsandchildrenarefallible.Nevertheless,even

preschoolerscanformreliablememories.YoungchiIdrendependoncontexttopromotememory,

andnaturallyreportless.Childrenmayrecallmoreinformationwithadequatesupport,but

thetypeofsupportandquestioningiscritical.Methodsofdrawingoutinformationhaveto

becarefullymonitored.Althoughresearchshowstheaccuracyofbothadultsandchildrencan

beaffectedbyleadingorsuggestivequestions,theabilitytoresisttheinfluenceof

externalsuggestionincreaseswithage.（48）Childrenmaychangetheiraccountofanevent,

notbecausetheirmemoryhasalteredbutbecausetheywishtocomplywiththesuggestionof

anadult,inauthority,orbecausetheyinterpretrepeatedquestioningasanindicationthat