山東省濟寧市2024年中考英語試題一、閱讀理解(共15小題，滿分30分閱讀下列短文，從每小題A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出能回答所提問題的最佳答案。Darrell:Marina...Marina...MARINA!Marins:Oh,sorry.Ididn'thearyou.Iwasthinkingaboutmyhomework.Darrell:What'sitabout?Marina:Well,Ineedtodrawafuturehouseformyartclass,butIhaven'tgotanyideas.MaybeIshouldgotothelibraryandlookforsomethinguseful.Darrell:OryoucantryPinterest.Marina:Isn'titashoppingapp?Darrell:Notreally.ManypeoplesharetheirworksonPinterestandtellyouhowtheymadethem.I'msureyoucangetsomeideasthere.Marina:Soundslikeyouuseitoften.Darrell:Yeah.JustlastweekIwentthereandfoundtheAtoZofmakingchocolate.cake—fromchoosinggoodchocolatetobaking(烘烤)thecaketomakingsugarflowersontop.Marina:Really?I'llcheckitoutlater.Thanksalot.1．What'sMarina'shomework?A．Todrawafuturehouse.B．Togetideasforopeningalibrary.C．Tolookforsomethingusefultodo.D．Todosomeshoppingforherartclass.2．WhydidDarrelltellMarinatogotoPinterest?A．Togetashoppingapp.B．Tomeetsomenewfriends.C．Tofindsomehelpfulexamples.D．Toshareherworkswithpeople.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart"AtoZ"mean?A．Allletters. B．Chocolatecakes.C．Sugarflowersontop. D．Everythingaboutsomething.【答案】1．A2．C3．D【解析】【分析】本文主要講述了Darrell建議Marina使用Pinterest來獲取繪制未來房子的靈感。

【點評】考查閱讀理解，注意回到原文找答案：在回答問題時，要回到原文中尋找答案，盡量選擇與原文一致的選項。1．細節理解題。根據"Well,Ineedtodrawafuturehouseformyartclass,butIhaven'tgotanyideas."可知，Marina的作業是為她的美術課畫一座未來的房子。故選A。2．細節理解題。根據"ManypeoplesharetheirworksonPinterestandtellyouhowtheymadethem.I'msureyoucangetsomeideasthere."可知，Darrell建議Marina去Pinterest是為了找到一些有用的例子。故選C。3．詞義猜測題。根據"JustlastweekIwentthereandfoundtheAtoZofmakingchocolatecake—fromchoosinggoodchocolatetobaking(烘烤)thecaketomakingsugarflowersontop."可知，Darrell在Pinterest上找到了制作巧克力蛋糕的所有步驟，從選擇好的巧克力到烘烤蛋糕再到制作糖花。因此，"AtoZ"指的是關于某事物的所有內容。故選D。閱讀下列短文，從每小題A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出能回答所提問題的最佳答案。4．Whatshouldyoudoifyoufindababybirdhurt?A．Justleaveitthere. B．Calltheanimalcenter.C．Putitbacktoitsnest. D．Feeditwithhealthyfood.5．Whyshouldyoudonothingaboutanunhurtbabybirdwithfeathers?A．Becauseyoumighthurtit.B．Becauseitislearningtofly.C．Becauseitisafraidofpeople.D．Becauseitsmotherwillfinditsoon.6．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutmotherbirds?A．Theydon'tcareabouttheirbabies.B．Theypushtheirbabiesoutoftheirnest.C．Theydon'tmindthesmellofpeopleontheirbabies.D．Theywillgiveuptheirbabiesifthere'ssmellofpeopleonthem.7．Wheredoyoumostprobablyfindthispassage?A．Inanewspaper. B．Inanengineer'sdiary.C．Inatouristguidebook. D．Inastudent'snotebook.【答案】4．B5．B6．D7．D【解析】【分析】本文是修飾筆記，記錄了我們正確如何對待幼鳥。

【點評】考查閱讀理解，注意排除干擾選項：在選擇答案時，要排除那些與原文不符或無關的干擾選項，盡量選擇與原文一致的選項。4．細節題。根據IfthebirdisHURT:Calltheanimalcenter(0-123-4/567).，可知如果發現小鳥受傷了該打電話給動物中心，故選B。5．細節題。根據IfithasFEATHERS:Justleaveitthere，It'slearninghowtofly!，可知你不應該對一只沒有受傷、長著羽毛的幼鳥采取任何行動，是因為它正在學習如何飛翔，故選B。6．細節題。根據Peoplebelievebirdswillgiveuptheirbobiesiftheyhavethesmellofpeopleonthem，可知如果幼鳥身上有人的氣味，它們就會放棄它們，故選D。7．文章出處題。根據Class:Science，可知在學生的筆記本上找到此文，故選D。閱讀下列短文，從每小題A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出能回答所提問題的最佳答案。Haveyoueverseenorusedasaw,or"ju"inChinese?Doyouknowwhoinventedit?TheinventorwasLuBan.HewasborninthestateofLuinancientChinamorethan2,500yearsago.ThatiswhereQufuliesintheeastofJining.LuBanwasthegreatestcarpenter(木匠)inhistime.Oncethekingorderedhimandhisteamtobuildapalaceinaveryshorttime.Theywouldbepunishediftheymissedthedeadline(最后期限).Theyhadonlyaxes,orfuziinChinese,tocutthetreesandpreparethewoodforthepalace,soworkwasveryslow.OnedayLuBanrushedupthehilltoseehowthingsweregoing.Suddenlythesharpteethofaleafcuthishand.Thenabrightideacameintohishead.Soonhemadeatoolwithteethalongthesideofalongironbar(條狀物).Withthistool,workbecamemuchfaster,andtheycompletedtheworkbeforethedeadline.Thatishowthesawwasinvented.LuBaninventedmanyotherusefultoolsforcarpentersandinterestingtoysforchildren.TheWoodenBird,forexample,couldstayintheairforthreedays.That'swhyheisregardedastheGodofCarpentry.8．Inwhichpicturecanyouseeasaw?A． B．C． D．9．WhatdidthekingorderLuBanandhismentodo?A．Useonlyaxes. B．Buildapalacequickly.C．Cutthetrees. D．Preparethewood.10．WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytellus?A．HowLuBan'shandwashurt.B．WhyLuBaninventedthesaw.C．Howthesawwasinvented.D．Howthepalacewascompleted.11．WhichofthefollowingdidLuBan'sWoodenBirdworklike?A．Abike. B．Akite. C．Aship. D．Acar.【答案】8．A9．B10．C11．B【解析】【分析】本文介紹了中國古代著名的木匠魯班及其發明的鋸子。

【點評】考查閱讀理解，注意略讀法：快速瀏覽文章，了解文章的大意。通過略讀，可以了解文章的體裁、背景、主題和結構等信息。8．細節理解題。根據"Soonhemadeatoolwithteethalongthesideofalongironbar(條狀物)."可知，很快，他制作了一個長鐵棒側面有齒的工具，故選A。9．細節理解題。根據"Oncethekingorderedhimandhisteamtobuildapalaceinaveryshorttime"可知，國王命令魯班和他的團隊在很短的時間內建造一座宮殿。故選B。10．段落大意題。根據"Suddenlythesharpteethofaleafcuthishand.Thenabrightideacameintohishead.Soonhemadeatoolwithteethalongthesideofalongironbar(條狀物)."可知，第四段主要介紹了鋸子是如何被發明的。故選C。11．細節理解題。根據"TheWoodenBird,forexample,couldstayintheairforthreedays"可知，魯班的木鳥可以在空中停留三天，類似于風箏的飛行方式，故選B。閱讀下列短文，從每小題A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出能回答所提問題的最佳答案Sometimeswhentherainfallshardandfastonyou,itmighthurtalittle.Butwhathappenswhenithitsamosquito(蚊子)?In2012,DavidHu,ascientistatGeorgiaTech,becameinterestedinthisproblemanddecidedtodoaresearch.Heusedahigh-speedcamerasothathecouldwatchthemosquitoesinveryslowmotionandfindoutwhatthey'redoingwhenthey'reoutintherain.Whathefoundisthatwhenaraindropfallsonamosquito,it'slikewhenabushitsaperson.Besides,thelittleinsect(昆蟲)ishitbyaraindropaboutonceevery20seconds.Sowhydon'tweseemanydeadmosquitoesafteritrains?Amosquitoisasbigasaraindrop,butitismuchlighter—0.002gonly.Thissavesitslifeinraindrophits.Becausethemosquitoissolight,whenitishitbyaraindrop,itwon'texperienceaforcethatisstrongenoughtokillit.Thestudyalsofoundthatwhenamosquitoishitbyaraindrop,theinsectispushedbytheraindropandfallstogetherwithit.Butthemosquitodoesn'tgetweteasilybecauseitiscoveredwithhairswhichkeepoffwater.Afterdroppingabout6cm,itwillrollofftheraindropandflyaway.However,thistrickisn'talwayssuccessful.Ifthemosquitofliestoolowwhenitishitbytheraindrop,itwon'thavetimetoflyoff.Thenitwillhitthegroundandmeetitsdeath.12．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"motion"mean?A．Time. B．Movie. C．Step. D．Movement.13．Whatprotectmosquitoesintherain?A．Theirmouthsandtheirnoses.B．Theireyesandtheirears.C．Theirlegsandtheirwings.D．Theirbodyweightandtheirhairs.14．Whenisitdangerousforamosquitointherain?A．Whenitfliestooclosetotheground.B．Whentherainfallstoohardandtoofast.C．Whenitishitbyraindropstoomanytimes.D．Whenitdropsformorethan6cmintherain.15．Whichofthefollowingisapropertitleforthepassage?A．HowRaindropsHurtMosquitoesB．WhenMosquitoesAreinDangerC．WhyMosquitoesAren'tHurtinRainD．WhenMosquitoesMeetTheirDeath【答案】12．D13．D14．A15．C【解析】【分析】本文講述了科學家DavidHu對雨滴撞擊蚊子的研究。

【點評】考查閱讀理解，注意學習解題技巧：學習一些解題技巧和方法，如速讀、尋讀、略讀等，可以提高閱讀效率和準確率。12．詞義猜測題。根據"Heusedahigh-speedcamerasothathecouldwatchthemosquitoes"可知，高速相機可以以非常慢的動作觀察蚊子，所以motion表示"動作"。故選D。13．細節理解題。根據"Amosquitoisasbigasaraindrop,butitismuchlighter—0.002gonly.Thissavesitslifeinraindrophits."和"Butthemosquitodoesn'tgetweteasilybecauseitiscoveredwithhairswhichkeepoffwater.Afterdroppingabout6cm,itwillrollofftheraindropandflyaway."可知，蚊子的體重和毛發能在雨中保護蚊子。故選D。14．細節理解題。根據"Ifthemosquitofliestoolowwhenitishitbytheraindrop,itwon'thavetimetoflyoff.Thenitwillhitthegroundandmeetitsdeath"可知，如果蚊子飛得太低，被雨滴擊中后沒有時間飛走，就會撞到地面而死亡。故選A。15．最佳標題題。通讀全文可知，文章主要討論了為什么蚊子在雨中不會受傷。WhyMosquitoesAren'tHurtinRain是最佳標題。故選C。二、單詞拼寫與運用(共8小題，滿分8分)根據句意完成已給出首字母或漢語提示的單詞，使補全后的句子語意通順，語法正確。16．Myfavoritecolorisy.【答案】yellow【解析】【分析】句意：我最喜歡的顏色是黃色。根據color和首字母提示，可知是yellow，紅色，故填yellow。

【點評】考查單詞拼寫，注意識記yellow的用法。17．I'mgoingtocamealforDadonFather'sDay.【答案】cook【解析】【分析】句意：父親節我要給爸爸做一頓飯。根據meal，可知begoingtodo句型中，動詞是cook，做飯，故填cook。

【點評】考查單詞拼寫，注意識記cook，begoingtodo的用法。18．—Couldyoupleasetellmeyouremaila?—Ofcourse.Mary@163.com.【答案】address【解析】【分析】句意：——你能告訴我你的電子郵件地址嗎？—Ofcourse.Mary@163.com。根據Mary@163.com，可知是電子郵箱地址，address，名詞，故填address。

【點評】考查單詞拼寫，注意識記address的用法。19．Eatingtoomuchjunkfoodishtoyourhealth.【答案】harmful【解析】【分析】句意：吃太多垃圾食品對你的健康有害。is系動詞后用形容詞作表語，根據Eatingtoomuchjunkfood，可知對健康有害，harmful，是形容詞，有害的，故填harmful。

【點評】考查單詞拼寫，注意識記harmful的用法。20．Janeisofmedium(身高),andshehascurlyhair.【答案】height【解析】【分析】句意：簡身高中等，有一頭卷發。身高，height，是名詞，beofmediumheight，重點身材，固定搭配，故填height。

【點評】考查單詞拼寫，注意識記beofmediumheight的用法。21．Theteacher's(善良)haschangedmealot.【答案】kindness【解析】【分析】句意：老師的善良改變了我很多。名詞所有格teacher's修飾名詞，善良，kindness，是不可數名詞，故填kindness。

【點評】考查單詞拼寫，注意識記kindness的用法。22．It'snecessaryforyoutolearntomakeyourown(選擇).【答案】choice【解析】【分析】句意：你有必要學會做出自己的選擇。形容詞性物主代詞your修飾名詞，選擇，choice，是名詞，故填choice。

【點評】考查單詞拼寫，注意識記choice的用法。23．ItissaidthatShenNongwasthefirstto(發現)teaasadrink.【答案】discover【解析】【分析】句意：據說神農是第一個發現茶作為飲料的人。發現discover，動詞，thefirsttodo，第一個做某事的，故用動詞原形，故填discover。

【點評】考查單詞拼寫，注意識記discover，不定式的用法。三、語法填空(共10小題，滿分10分閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入一個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。ADoyouknowChatGPT?It'sanartificialintelligence(AI人工智能)tool.Itcananswerquestions,tell24．(story),anddomuchmore.Butit'svery"thirsty",saidanewstudy.ChatGPThas"homes"aroundtheworldindata(數據)centers.25．itworks,thecomputersinthedatacentersgetveryhot.Workersthenhavetousewatertocool26．(they)down.Coldwatergoesintothepipes(管子)nearthecomputers.WhenyouaskChatGPT20to50questions,it"drinks"500millilitersofwater!BInXi'an,thereisarestaurantownernamedXiongWencheng.He27．(offer)the"No.6combo"—afreemeal,tohelppeopleinneedforthreeyears.Thereisasignontherestaurantdoor,itsays,"▲you28．(experience)ahardtimeinXi'annow?Ifyoucan'taffordameal,youcanentertherestaurantandaskforthe‘No.6combo'."The"No.6combo"ismadeupofabowlofspicysoup.locallycalledhulatang,andabaijimo.It29．(consider)asasecretcode(暗號)betweenthecustomerandtherestaurant.Withthissecretcode,theonewhoisinneedcanask30．helpwithoutfeelingembarrassed.Actually,it'snot31．easyplan.Thecostofthecombois8yuan.Evenif20peopleaskforit,it32．(cost)160yuan.Besidesthe"No.6combo",therestauranthasbeenservingfreebreakfasttostreetsanitationworkers(環衛工人)since2015.Whenaskedwhyhedidthat,Xiong33．(say),"It'spossibleforanyonetomeetdifficulties.Ihopethatthosewhoreceivehelpwill,inturn,giveahandtoothers."【答案】24．stories；25．When；26．them；27．hasbeenoffering；28．experiencing；29．isconsidered；30．for；31．an；32．willcost；33．said【解析】【分析】本文是兩篇文章，第一篇介紹了人工智能工具——ChatGPT。另一篇講述了西安的一位餐館老板熊文成提供免費餐點"套餐六"來幫助有需要的人，并且自2015年以來一直為街道環衛工人提供免費早餐的故事。

【點評】考查語法填空，注意現在完成進行時，主謂一致，過去時，將來時，一般過去時被動語態的用法。24．句意：它可以回答問題，講故事，以及做更多的事情。story，可數名詞，故事，tellstories"講故事"，固定短語。故填stories。25．句意：當它工作時，數據中心的計算機會變得非常熱。由"…itworks,thecomputersinthedatacentersgetveryhot"可知，此處指當它工作的時候，數據中心的計算機會變熱，應用when引導時間狀語從句，位于句首首字母需大寫。故填When。26．句意：工人們不得不用水給它們降溫。they，主格，他們，由"cool…down"可知，動詞后跟賓格。故填them。27．句意：三年來，他一直在提供"套餐六"——免費餐，以幫助有需要的人。offer，動詞，提供，根據"forthreeyears"可知，此處是強調三年來這個動作一直在進行，應用現在完成進行時：have/hasbeendoing。主語是三單，助動詞用has。故填hasbeenoffering。28．句意：餐館的門上有一個牌子，上面寫著："你現在在西安過得很艱難嗎？experience，動詞，根據"now"可知，本句是現在進行時(bedoing)，空處需用現在分詞。故填experiencing。29．句意：它被認為是顧客和餐館之間的暗號。consider，動詞，根據"The‘No.6combo'ismadeupofabowlofspicysoup,"可知，本句是一般現在時，且主語"It"和動詞"consider"之間是被動關系，需用一般現在時的被動語態(am/is/are)。主語It是單數，be動詞用is，consider的過去分詞為considered。故填isconsidered。30．句意：有了這個暗號，有需要的人可以尋求幫助而不會感到尷尬。根據"ask...help"可知，此處是短語askforhelp，表示"尋求幫助"。故填for。31．句意：事實上，這不是一個簡單的計劃。空處泛指"一個簡單的計劃"，且"easy"以元音音素開頭，用不定冠詞an。故填an。32．句意：即使20個人要，也要花160元。cost，動詞，根據"Evenif20peopleaskforit,it...(cost)160yuan."可知，Evenif引導讓步狀語從句時，如果主從句動作都尚未發生，則遵循"主將從現"原則，即空處所在句子是一般將來時(willdo)。故填willcost。33．句意：當被問及為什么這樣做時，熊說："任何人都有可能遇到困難。……"。say，動詞，說，根據"Whenaskedwhyhedidthat"可知，說話動作發生在過去，使用一般過去時。故填said。四、完形填空(共7小題，滿分7分閱讀下面短文，從方框中選擇適當的詞語填空。方框中有兩個詞語為多余選項。answer,disappear,hard,like,or,unhappy,satdown,stoodup,whileInavillagenearadesertlivedayoungandsuccessfulbusinessmannamedJames.Heoftenfelt34．becauseoftheendlesschallengeshefaced.Oneday,awiseoldmancametothevillagewith100camels(駱駝).Jameswenttoseehimandsaid,"Ialwayshavebusinessworries,familytroublesandhealthproblems.Pleasetellmehowtomakethem35．."Theoldmansmiledandsaid,"I'llgiveyouan36．tomorrowmorning.Butfirst,canyoudoasmallthingforme?"Jamesagreed.Theoldmanaskedhimtotakecareofthe100camelsforthenight,makingsurethattheyall37．andrestedbeforehecouldgotosleep.Thenextmorning,theoldmanaskedJameshowhisnightwent.Jamessaidsadly,"Ididn'tsleepatall.Nomatterhow38．Itried,Icouldn'tgetallthecamelstosittogether.EvenifImanagedtogetsomecamelstositononeside,afewotherswouldstandontheotherside.""That'strue.Somecamelssatdownontheirown,39．othersrequiredsomeeffort,andyetmanycamelsdidnotsitevenafterquitealotofeffort,"theoldmansaid.Jamesnodded.Theoldmancontinued,"Yourproblemsarejust40．thecamels.Therearealwayssomeproblemsthatcannotgetsolvedevenifyou'vetriedyourbest.Leavesuchproblemstotimeuntilonedaytheythemselvescometoanend."Jamesfeltasenseofunderstanding.Itcompletelychangedthewayhesawlife'schallenges.【答案】34．unhappy；35．disappear；36．answer；37．satdown；38．hard；39．while；40．like【解析】【分析】本文講述了一個年輕成功的商人詹姆斯在面對生活中的各種挑戰時感到不快樂，向一位智者求助的故事。智者通過讓詹姆斯照顧駱駝的經歷，告訴他有些問題即使盡力也無法解決，需要時間來解決。

answer,回答，disappear,消失，hard,努力，like,喜歡，or,或者，unhappy,不開心的，satdown,坐下，stoodup,站起來，while當

【點評】考查選詞填空，注意makesbdosth，過去時，副詞修飾動詞的用法。34．句意：他經常感到不開心，因為他面臨著無盡的挑戰。空處應填形容詞作表語，結合前后語境和選詞可知，unhappy"不開心的"符合語境。故填unhappy。35．句意：請告訴我如何讓它們消失。根據"Ialwayshavebusinessworries,familytroublesandhealthproblems"結合選詞可知，是指讓這些不好的事情消失。disappear"消失"，makesbdosth"使某人做某事"，故填disappear。36．句意：我明天早上給你答復。不定冠詞an修飾名詞單數，空處應填單數名詞，且以元音音素開頭，根據Pleasetellmehowtomakethem，結合選詞可知，answer"答案"符合語境。故填answer。37．句意：老人讓他照顧這100頭駱駝過夜，確保它們都坐下來休息，然后他才能睡覺。根據下文"Somecamelssatdownontheirown"可知，是指駱駝自己坐了下來。sitdown"坐下來"，句子是一般過去時，動詞用過去式。故填satdown。38．句意：無論我如何努力，我都無法讓所有的駱駝坐在一起。根據Icouldn'tgetallthecamelstosittogether，Nomatterhow5Itried，可知副詞修飾動詞，根據提示詞可知用hard，無論我如何努力，引導讓步狀語從句，故填hard。39．句意：有的駱駝自己坐了下來，有的駱駝需要費點勁才能坐下來，但還有很多駱駝費了很大勁也坐不下來。根據"Somecamelssatdownontheirown,...othersrequiredsomeeffort"可知，前后表示對比，可以用while表示"然而"。故填while。40．句意：你的問題就像駱駝一樣。根據"Yourproblemsarejust...thecamels."可知，這里表示比喻，可以用介詞like"像"。故填like。五、閱讀表達(共5小題，滿分10分閱讀短文，根據要求回答問題。ChinesecalligraphyisabeautifulartformofwritingChinesecharacters(漢字).Ithasalonghistory.Peopleusebrushesandink(墨汁)towritecharactersonspecialpapercalledxuanpaper.Anditislovedbypeopleallovertheworld.Chinesecalligraphyhasmanydifferentstyles.Zhuanshu,lishu,kaishu,xingshuandcaoshuarequitewellknowntopeople.Asweallknow,YanzhenqingisfamousforkaishuandWangXizhiforxingshu.Eachstylehasitsownbeauty.Chinesecalligraphyneedsbothskillandpractice.Thetypeofbrush,ink,andpaperusedcaninfluencethewriting.Calligraphyisnotjustwriting,itisanartformthatshowsthewriter'sfeelingsandthoughts(思想).Chinesecalligraphyisalivingheritage(遺產)thatconnectsustoourhistoryandtraditions.ItisanimportantpartofChinesecultureandaddsbeautytoourlives.Forexample,theSpringFestivalcouplets(春聯)addmorehappinesstothefestival.Manypeopleenjoycalligraphy.Whetheryouareabeginneroranexpert,calligraphyissomethingthatanyonecanenjoy.41．WhatisChinesecalligraphy?(nomorethan11words)42．WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?(nomorethan8words)43．WhatexampleisgiventoshowChinesecalligraphyaddsbeautytoourlives?(nomorethan10words)44．請將文中畫線的句子翻譯成漢語。45．請給短文擬一個適當的英文標題。【答案】41．ItisabeautifulartformofwritingChinesecharacters.42．DifferentstylesofChinesecalligraphy43．T