高中英語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法大全

高中英語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法大全

定語(yǔ)從句

1.定語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)及理解

2.定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞的使用

3.定語(yǔ)從句的簡(jiǎn)化表達(dá)

知識(shí)總結(jié)歸納

（一）定語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某個(gè)名詞或代詞

的句子（做這個(gè)名詞或代詞的定語(yǔ)）叫定語(yǔ)從句，定語(yǔ)從句

一般放在被修飾的名詞或代詞后面，被修飾的名詞或代詞叫

做定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞，它與定語(yǔ)從句之間要有一個(gè)詞連接，

這個(gè)詞指代先行詞的內(nèi)容叫做關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副

詞：that,which,who,whose,when,where,why）。先

行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因狀語(yǔ)。

結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞+關(guān)系詞+定語(yǔ)從句。

1.Thereshesawawallofwaterthatwasquickly

advancingtowardsher.

2.InJapan,someonewhoseesanotherpersonmakingthe

gesturewillthinkitmeansmoney.

3.Athemeparkisacollectionofrides,exhibitions

orotherattractionsthatarebasedonacommontheme.

4.Theparkhasaconservationcenterthathelpsprotect

marineanimalsandtheirhabitatsintheriversand

coastalwatersofAsia.

5.Visitorscangoonexcitingrideswheretheycanfeel

whatitisliketodothethingstheyhaveseentheir

heroesdointhemovie.

6.OprahWinfreyisablackwomanwhoserisetofame

isaninspiringstory.

（二）定語(yǔ)從句分為限定性定語(yǔ)從句和非限定性定語(yǔ)從句：

限定性定語(yǔ)從句：從句對(duì)先行詞進(jìn)行必要的描述或說(shuō)明，缺

少它，則句義顯得不完整，從句與先行詞緊密相連。非限定

性定語(yǔ)從句：對(duì)先行詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，解釋，它與先行詞之

間有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。

1.Beforeshecouldmove,sheheardaloudnoise,which

grewtoaterribleroar.

2.Treeaftertreewentdown,cutdownbythewater,which

musthavebeenthreemetersdeep.

3.Flora,whosebeautifulhairanddresswereallcoldand

wet,startedcrying.

4.Theirtalkincludesrhythmandrhymingwordsaswellas

tonguetwisters,whichoftenmaketheaudienceapplaud.

（三）關(guān)系詞前面可以根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句的內(nèi)容加上一些介詞，

這些關(guān)系詞在介詞后面常用which或whom.

1.TherewasamanwithwhomIwouldhavetowork

togetherandfinallythemanagerofthecompany.

2.Manypeoplewhosawthefilmwereafraidtoswiminthe

seawhentheyrememberedthescenesinwhichpeoplewere

eatenbytheshark.

知識(shí)重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)

（一）當(dāng)先行詞有最高級(jí)，序數(shù)詞修飾，是不定代詞，或是

all,no,only等形式時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞一般用that,而不能用

whicho

1.TheTitanicwasthelargestshipthathadeverbeenbuilt

atthattime.

2.Thereisonethingthatkeepsworryingme.

（二）當(dāng)先行詞是表示時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因的詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用

when,where,why還有which,that

1.I'mverygladtoreturntomyhometownwhereIhadlived

for10years.

2.ThisismyhometownwhichIusedtotalkabouttoyou.

3.1thinkIcanunderstandthereasonwhyhedidn'ttellthe

truthtome.

4.Noonebelievesthereasonthathegaveusabouthis

absenceatthemeeting.

（三）定語(yǔ)從句的簡(jiǎn)化表達(dá)：

1.Themanwhoissittingontheplatformisaprofessorfrom

WuhanUniversity.

2.Theletterthatwasmailedlastnightwillreachhim

tomorrow.

3.Thequestionthatisbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.

4.Youarewelcometoapartytobegiveninourclassat7:45.

說(shuō)明：以上的定語(yǔ)從句部分可以用更加簡(jiǎn)單的非謂語(yǔ)形式表

達(dá)出來(lái)：

1.Themansittingontheplatformisaprofessorfrom

WuhanUniversity.

2.Thelettermailedlastnightwillreachhimtomorrow.

3.Thequestionbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.

4.Youarewelcometoapartytobegiveninourclassat7:45.

說(shuō)明：修飾一個(gè)名詞除了后面用定語(yǔ)從句以外，還可以用非

謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式：doing短語(yǔ)，done短語(yǔ)，beingdone短語(yǔ)，

tobedone短語(yǔ)修飾。其結(jié)構(gòu)和意思如下：

1.被修飾名詞+doing短語(yǔ)：正在做….的人/正在發(fā)生的事。

2.被修飾名詞+done短語(yǔ)：被…??的人/事

3.被修飾名詞+beingdone短語(yǔ)：正在被.的人/事

4.被修飾名詞+tobedone短語(yǔ)：將要被.的人/事

(1)Doyouknowthemantalkingtomysister?

(2)The“crazy“gesture,movingtheindexfingerinacircle

infrontoftheear,means“youhaveaphonecall“inBrazil.

(3)Didyouseethatcarbeingrepaired?

(4)Inacamera,thelensmustbefocusedontheobjectto

bephotographed.

(5)Thestudentstoattendthemeetingwillarrivehere

tomorrow.6)Goodsimportedfromabroadarenotalways

betterthanthosemadeinChina.

(7)TheYellowRiver,saidtobe"themotherriver"runs

acrossChinalikeahugedragon.

總結(jié)：以上做定語(yǔ)的那些短語(yǔ)就是英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中所說(shuō)的分詞，

不定式的各種形式作定語(yǔ)。

1.這些短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)應(yīng)放在被修飾名詞的后面。如果單獨(dú)一個(gè)

V-ing或V-ed形式作定語(yǔ)，則可以放在被修飾名詞前面。

2.分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，其動(dòng)作應(yīng)與全句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。V-ing表

示主動(dòng)意義和正在做，V-ed表示被動(dòng)意義。beingdone表示

正在被做的

3.不定式作定語(yǔ)表示將要發(fā)生的，tobedone表示將要被做

的

【典型例題】

[例1]Friendshipisneededbyall,playsanimportant

roleinpeople'slives.

A.whichB.thatC.whoD.it

分析：playsanimportantroleinpeople'slives為非限

定性定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞Friendship用which連接定語(yǔ)從

句。

答案:A

[例2]UncleLiIworkedthreeyearsagohasretired

now.

A.whoB.whomC.withwhomD.towhom

分析：Iworkedthreeyearsago作為定語(yǔ)從句修飾先

行詞UncleLi,從句完整的表達(dá)是：IworkedwithUncleLi

threeyearsago.所以關(guān)系詞前應(yīng)加上介詞witho

答案：C

[例3]Isthisthereasonatthemeetingforhis

carelessnessinhiswork?

A.heexplainedB.whatheexplainedC.howheexplainedD.

whyheexplained

分析：定語(yǔ)從句atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessin

hiswork修飾先行詞thereason指“他在會(huì)上就他工作中的

粗心解釋的原因。先行詞在從句中做賓語(yǔ)。

答案：A

[例4]Teachers,workisratherhard,arebeingbetter

paidthanbefore.

A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whose

分析:非限定性定語(yǔ)從句workisratherhard修飾先行

詞teachers,它與從句中的work是從屬關(guān)系，關(guān)系詞用

whose

答案：D

[例5]TheOlympicGames,in776BC,didn't

includedwomenplayersuntil1912.

A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayed

C.firstplayedD.tobefirstplaying

分析：公元前776年被首次舉行的奧運(yùn)會(huì)，直到1912年才

容納女運(yùn)動(dòng)員。in776BC做定語(yǔ)修飾TheOlympic

Games,指過(guò)去的內(nèi)容，表示被動(dòng)。用done做定語(yǔ)。

答案：C

[例6]Thehousesfortheteachersandtheconstruction

workwillstartsoon.

A.builtB.tobebuiltC.tobuildD.beingbuilt分析：根據(jù)句

意房子即將開(kāi)工。fortheteachersandtheconstruction

work修飾Thehouses應(yīng)為ThehousesThehouses將要為教

師和施工修建的房子。

答案：B

[例7]Howmanyofus,ameetingthatisnotimportant

touswouldbeinterestedinthediscussion?

A.attendedB.attendingC.toattendD.haveattended

分析：根據(jù)句意：比如說(shuō)，我們當(dāng)中參加一個(gè)對(duì)我們毫不重

要的會(huì)議的人會(huì)有多少人對(duì)這個(gè)討論感興趣呢？,say,

ameetingthatisnotimportanttous修飾Howmanyofus做

定語(yǔ)。與全句動(dòng)作同步.

答案：B

[例8]Shehasthreechildren,isworkinginAustralia.

A.whoB.oneofwhomC.oneofthemD.noneofthem

分析：非限定性定語(yǔ)從句—isworkinginAustralia修飾先行

詞threechildren,根據(jù)從句中的is判斷，是說(shuō)：三個(gè)孩子

中的一個(gè)在澳大利亞工作。

答案：B

【模擬試題】

1.Susanistheverygirlthegooddeed.

A.whomIthinkdidB.whomIthinkshedid

C.whoIthinkdidD.Ithinkwhodid

2.Luckily,thepoorboyhadenoughmoneyhecould

buyatrainticket.

A.bywhichB.onwhichC.withwhichD.forwhich

3.Thebookhedevotedmuchtimeistocomeoutnext

month.

A.whereB.whichC.towhichD.onwhich

4.ThedaycamefinallyIwasgivenanopportunityto

actintheplay.

A.whenB.inthatC.whichD.inwhich

5.1.Don'tyouthinkthequestiontomorrowisofgreat

importance.

A.beingdiscussedB.discussed

C.tobediscussedD.todiscuss

6.Thefoodatthemomentisforthedinnerparty.

A.cookedB.tobecookedC.isbeingcookedD.being

cooked

7.Doyouknowtheteacherunderthebigtree?

A.readB.readsC.readingD.beingread

【試題答案】

1.CSusan正是我認(rèn)為作了好事的那位女孩。先行詞the

verygirl在從句中做think的賓語(yǔ)，同時(shí)又是后面賓語(yǔ)從句

didthegooddeed.的主語(yǔ)，所以關(guān)系詞不能用whom

2.C定語(yǔ)從句hecouldbuyatrainticket.修飾先行詞

money：用這筆錢買火車票。關(guān)系詞前面需要加介詞：with

3.C定語(yǔ)從句hedevotedmuchtime意思是：他把大

量的時(shí)間都投入在這本書(shū)上了。devote….tosth.關(guān)系詞前加

介詞：to

4.A定語(yǔ)從句Iwasgivenanopportunitytoactinthe

play修飾先行詞theday：先行詞theday在從句中做時(shí)間

狀語(yǔ)：在這一天我得到了扮演一個(gè)角色的機(jī)會(huì)。

5.C短語(yǔ)tomorrow做定語(yǔ)修飾thequestion,根據(jù)表

達(dá)的內(nèi)容：明天即將被討論的問(wèn)題。應(yīng)當(dāng)用不定式的被動(dòng)結(jié)

構(gòu)做定語(yǔ)。

6.D短語(yǔ)atthemoment做thefood的定語(yǔ)，表示：正

在做的食物。Beingdone做定語(yǔ)表示：正在被……的……。

7.C現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)readingunderthebigtree做定語(yǔ)修飾

theteacher表示：正在大樹(shù)下看書(shū)的那位老師。

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

1.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的推測(cè)表達(dá)

2.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表達(dá)虛擬語(yǔ)氣

3.某些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特殊用法

知識(shí)重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)總結(jié)

知識(shí)重點(diǎn)：

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在表達(dá)推測(cè)意義的句子中的運(yùn)用：

（一）用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表達(dá)事實(shí)的推測(cè)。can,could,might,

may,must可以用來(lái)表達(dá)對(duì)事實(shí)的推測(cè)。根據(jù)說(shuō)話人對(duì)事實(shí)

的把握性大小,must表示“肯定…”,may/might/can/could

表示“可能..."，must只用于肯定句中，may/might的否

定式maynot/mightnot表示“可能不...”，而can/could

可以用于疑問(wèn)句，表示“可能，可能……嗎?”，其否定式can"

/coukhft表示“不可能”。用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可以對(duì)現(xiàn)在或過(guò)去的

事實(shí)進(jìn)行推測(cè)。對(duì)不同的時(shí)間內(nèi)容推測(cè)有不同的結(jié)構(gòu)。

（二）對(duì)現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)進(jìn)行推測(cè)：

主要結(jié)構(gòu)：…must/may/might+動(dòng)詞原形

be+名詞/形容詞/介詞短語(yǔ)

be+doing例句：

1.YoumustbeJeanne.TmMathildeLoisel.Weusedto

knoweachotherverywell.

2.Theymustbeinbedalreadyatthistimeofthenight.

3.Theteachermustbejoking.

4.Fredaisn'tinclass.Shemustbesick.

5.Theremustbesomethingwrong.

6.Shemightbeveryclever,butshehasn'tgotmuch

commonsense.

7.Hemaybearrivingthisevening.

8.Hemaybetravelingaroundtheworld.

9.Thekeyscan'tbeintheroom.Ihavejustsearcheditvery

carefully.

10.Canthenewsbetrue?

（三）對(duì)過(guò)去的事實(shí)進(jìn)行推測(cè)：

結(jié)構(gòu)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone/been+名詞/形容詞/介詞短語(yǔ)

例句：

1.Mrs.Longmansmusthavebeenaprettygirlinheryouth.

2.Hecouldn'thaveseenAnnayesterday.She'sgoneabroad.

3.1thinkImusthaveleftmyglassesinthelibrary.

4.Hemighthaveoversleptagain.

5.WherecanTomhavegone?

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表達(dá)虛擬語(yǔ)氣：表達(dá)“本來(lái)…”，“不然早就…九

這是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一種虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法。表示說(shuō)話人所講的與所

發(fā)生的事實(shí)相反。表達(dá)了說(shuō)話人的埋怨，后悔的語(yǔ)氣。其結(jié)

構(gòu)是在一些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加havedone結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)要表達(dá)的

意思，有如下結(jié)構(gòu)：

shouldhavedone/oughttohavedone：本應(yīng)該....

shouldn'thavedone/oughtn'ttohavedone：本不該....

couldhavedone：本來(lái)可以....

needn'thavedone：本來(lái)沒(méi)必要....

wouldliketohavedone：本來(lái)很想....

wouldrathernothavedone:本來(lái)不愿意....

could/might/havedone:不然早就....

例句：

1.Youshouldn'thavelaughedathismistakes.

2.Youcouldhavetoldusearlier.

3.1oughttohaveboughtthatdictionarylastweek.

4.Yououghtnottohavespentsomuchtimeinreading

novels.

5.Weneednothavebeeninatearinghurrytocatchthe

train.

6.Theywouldliketohaveseenthatfilmlastfilm.

7.Ifhehadgivenmehisnumber,Icouldhavetelephoned

him.

8.Theymighthavebeenfrozentodeathbutfortherescuein

time.

知識(shí)難點(diǎn)：

某些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特殊用法：

need和dare的兩種形式的用法

need和dare可以用做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，后面接不定式（todo）結(jié)

構(gòu)，在疑問(wèn)句和否定句中，加助動(dòng)詞do/does/did/或

don^/doesn^/didn^o作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞使用時(shí)，主要用于疑問(wèn)

句和否定句中。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞needift（沒(méi)有必要，不必）相當(dāng)

于don'thaveto例句:

1.Itiscold,youneedtowearsomewarmclothes.

2.NeedIstayherewithyouforawhile?

Thankyou,youneedn't.

3.Howdareyouspeaktoparentslikethat?

注意：

句型Idaresay+從句。意思是：我肯定...=I'msure或

Thereisnodoubtthat+從句。

例句：

IdaresaythatmyunclewillgetthemoneyifIdie.

will和would表示“意志”或“愿意”，would則指過(guò)去愿意

做...

例句：

1.Hesaidthathewouldhelpus.

2.Youmaytelephoneifyouwillacceptthisjob.

would可以表達(dá)“過(guò)去習(xí)慣做...”類似于“usedtodo”

例句：

1.Whenwewerechildren,wewouldgoswimmingevery

summerinthatriver.

表示請(qǐng)求，固定的句型：WillAVouldyoupleasedo...?/

Wouldyouliketodo...?

例句：Will/Wouldyoupleasegivehimamessagewhenyou

seehim?

shall

1.用于第一，三人稱，表示“請(qǐng)求”；“建議”或“推薦”

例句：

1.Shallwestartthemeetingnow?2.ShallIwatchTVnow?

3.Shallmysoncarrythecaseforyou?

2.用于第二人稱，表示“命令，“要求”，“許諾”

例句：

1.Youshalltakewhateveryoulike.

2.Youshallnotgotothepartywithmeifyoumakesomuch

noiseagain.

在表示推測(cè)的否定句或疑問(wèn)句中，常用can/can't/could/

couldift表示,意思是：“可能…嗎?”；“…不可能…”。而不

能使用mustn't或must等詞。

【典型例題】

1.一Doyouthinkhewilldomeafavor?

—AsfarasIknow,heisthelastonetohelpothers.He

bepreparedtogiveyouahand,though.

A.mightB.mustC.canD.should

分析:本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞推測(cè)性用法。根據(jù)heisthelastone

tohelpothers.（他是最不可能幫助別人的人），既然如此，

那么“幫助你”的可能性也就最小了。答案為A

2.一Look,someoneiscoming.Guesswhoitbe?

一IthinkitbeTom.

—Idon'tthinkit___be____.

A.can;must;can;heB.may;can;must;him

C.must;can;must;hisD.might;must;can;himself分

析:根據(jù)備選答案。can表示推測(cè)時(shí)用于疑問(wèn)句或否定句中。

本題首句就應(yīng)該是Guesswhocanitbe?第二句應(yīng)該是I

thinkitmustbeTom.（說(shuō)話人十分肯定）。第三句表達(dá)了說(shuō)

話人對(duì)前一個(gè)人的否定。即：Idon^thinkitcanbehim/he.

（不可能是他）。答案為A

3.—DoyouknowMs.Wanglikeswalkingaftersupper?

一Sure.Shearoundthecampusnow.

A.mustbewalkingB.mustwalk

C.maywalkD.maybewalking

分析：關(guān)鍵詞Sure告訴我們說(shuō)話人的口氣十分肯定。根據(jù)

句子語(yǔ)境：她此刻肯定正在校園散步呢。mustbedoing表示

肯定正在做。答案為A

4.一IstayedatahotelinNewYork.

一Oh,didyou?YouwithBarbara.

A.couldhavestayedB.couldstayC.wouldsayD.must

havestayed

分析：首句說(shuō)：我在紐約住在一家賓館里。在此ahotel是泛

指。所以D選項(xiàng)不合題意。第二句在說(shuō)：你本來(lái)可以和

Barbara.住在一起的。Couldhavedone表示：本來(lái)可以。答

案為A

5.Whydidn'tyoutellmetherewasnomeetingtoday?I

allthewayherethroughtheheavysnow.

A.needn'thavedrivenB.can'thavedriven

C.mustn'thavedrivenD.shouldn'thavedriven

分析：根據(jù)句意：你為什么不告訴我今天沒(méi)有會(huì)？我本來(lái)沒(méi)

必要冒著大雪開(kāi)車跑這么多路。Needn'thavedone表示本來(lái)

沒(méi)必要。答案為A

6.1wasreallyanxiousaboutyou.Youhomewithouta

word.

A.mustn'tleaveB.shouldn'thaveleft

C.couldn'thaveleftD.needn'tleave

分析：根據(jù)句意：我真的很擔(dān)心你，你真不應(yīng)該一句話都不

說(shuō)就離開(kāi)家?！半x開(kāi)家”已經(jīng)發(fā)生了。Shouldhavedone正好

表達(dá)了本句的意思。答案為B

7.A：AreyoucomingtoJeff^party?

B：I'mnotsure.Igototheconcertinstead.

A.mustB.wouldC.shouldD.might

分析：根據(jù)B的回答：我不一定去，我有可能去聽(tīng)音樂(lè)會(huì)。

Might表示推測(cè)：可能。答案為D

8.A：Ipromisethatshegetanicepresentonher

birthday.

B：Willitbeabigsurprisetoher?

A.shouldB.mustC.wouldD.shall

分析：A說(shuō)：“我答應(yīng)她在生日聚會(huì)上她會(huì)得到一份生日禮

物。shall表示許諾。答案為D

【模擬試題】

1.A：IsJohncomingbytrain?

B：Heshould,buthenot.Helikesdrivinghiscar.

A.mustB.canC.needD.may

2.Mr.Whiteat8:30forthemeeting,buthedidn't

showup.

A.shouldhavearrivedB.shouldarrive

C.shouldhavehadarrivedD.shouldbearriving

3.Sorry,I'mlate.Ihaveturnedoffthealarmand

gonetosleepagain.

A.mightB.shouldC.canD.will

4.Youbetired—you'veonlybeenworkingforanhour.

A.mustnotB.won'tC.can'tD.maynot

5.—Ididn'tgotoworkyesterdayafternoonbecausemycar

brokedown.

一Youmine.Iwasn'tusingit.

A.mightborrowB.couldhaveborrowed

C.canhaveborrowedD.oughttoborrow

6.—Amanansweredthephone.Isupposeitwasher

husband.

—Itherhusband.Hehasbeendeadforages.

A.mustn'tbeB.couldn'thavebeen

C.maynothavebeenD.mustn'thavebeen

【試題答案】

1.分析：根據(jù)B的回答“他應(yīng)該（坐火車來(lái)），但是也不一

定，他喜歡開(kāi)自己的車。本題考查了情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的推測(cè)用法。

may表示不十分有把握的推測(cè)。答案為D

2.分析：根據(jù)句意：White先生本應(yīng)該在8:30到這里出席

會(huì)議的，可他（在8:30）沒(méi)有到場(chǎng)。Shouldhavedone表示：

本應(yīng)該。答案為A

3.分析：本句是說(shuō)話人在解釋遲到的原因：我或許是關(guān)掉鬧

鐘又睡了。mighthavedone表示對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè)：可能已

經(jīng)……答案為A

4.分析：根據(jù)后半句You'veonlybeenworkingforanhour.

（你才剛干了一個(gè)小時(shí)）說(shuō)明

Youbetired（你不可能很累），can't表示“不可能”答

案為C

5.分析：聽(tīng)到對(duì)方說(shuō)“昨天車壞了而沒(méi)去上班”，第二個(gè)人說(shuō)

“你本來(lái)可以借我的車去

上班。”本來(lái)可以/能：couldhavedone.答案為B

6.分析：第二個(gè)人是說(shuō)：那個(gè)人不可能是她丈夫，因?yàn)樗?/p>

夫已經(jīng)去世多年了。根據(jù)對(duì)

話的語(yǔ)境，是在談?wù)撨^(guò)去的事，表示過(guò)去不可能：couldnot

havedone答案為：B

與it有關(guān)的主要句型

it強(qiáng)調(diào)句型

知識(shí)總結(jié)歸納：

（一）it用做形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)：根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的需要，

it用做形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)，而真正的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)（todo短

語(yǔ)，doing短語(yǔ)，名詞性從句）則放在句尾。

主要句型：

+形容詞/名詞+連詞+名詞性從句

todosth./doingsth.

find/make/think/feelit+形容詞/名詞+連詞+名詞性從句

todosth./doingsth.

例句：

1.Itwillbecomemoreandmoreimportanttohaveagood

knowledgeofEnglish.

2.Ifsusualforclosefriendstohavesimilarideasandbeliefs.

3.It'sapitythatIdidn'tthinkofitearlier.

4.It'snousegoingtheresoearly.

5.Outteacherthinksitnogoodlearningwithoutpractice.

6.Didn'tImakeitcleartoyouthatIwasnotcoming?

7.Wefounditstrangethatnoonewouldtakethemoney.

（二）其他句型

1.Ittakes+時(shí)間段+sb.+todosth.

2.表示“據(jù)說(shuō)，據(jù)報(bào)道，/人們認(rèn)為/相信/建議等

It'ssaidthat........

Ifsreportedthat.......

It'sbeiieved/thought/suggestedthat.......

例句：

1.Itgenerallytakestimetoreachthispoint-beingonthe

samewavelength.

2.Itisbelievedthatthetwochildrenwentoffexploring（探

險(xiǎn)）ontheirownandgetstuckonthecliff.

3.It'ssuggestedthatweshouldhaveameetingtodiscussthe

problem.

4.Itwasoncepredicted（預(yù)測(cè)）thatBritishandAmerican

Englishwouldbecomeseparatelanguagesfinally.

（三）it在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中：在英語(yǔ)中，為了突出強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的某

一個(gè)成分（謂語(yǔ)除外），達(dá)到強(qiáng)調(diào)或使聽(tīng)話人特別注意這一

部分的目的。便形成了一種強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。

Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+that/who+句子的其他部分。

Itis/wasnotuntil+時(shí)間+that+句子的其他部分。

例句：

1.1sawJohnonmywaytoschoolthismorning.

ItwasJohnwho/thatIsawonmywaytoschoolthis

morning.

ItwasonmywaytoschoolthatIsawJohnthismorning.

ItwasthismorningthatIsawJohnonmywaytoschool.

2.ItwashisbestsuitthatJohnworetothedancelastnight.

3.Itwasnotuntil1920thatregularradiobroadcastbegan.

4.Itwasthestrangewaythingslookedandsoundedinmy

familiarroomatnightthatfrightenedmesomuch.

5.Itwasthekindnessandsympathyintheireyesthat

preventedmefromdoingso.

知識(shí)難點(diǎn)：

（一）注意強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的變形，即以一般疑問(wèn)句或特殊疑問(wèn)句

的形式出現(xiàn)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。

1.WhatisitthatJoecan'tfindinthebathroom?

2.Wherewasitthatyoumettheforeignguestsfrom

Australia?

3.1can'tquiterememberwhenitwasthatwemarried.

4.Wasitbecausehewasveryillthatheaskedforleave?

（二）是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型還是that主語(yǔ)從句或其他復(fù)合句

1.ItisafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasan

internationallanguage.

2.Itisthesepoisonousproductsthatcancausethe

symptomsoftheflu,suchasheadacheandachingmuscles.

3.Itwasalmostteno'clockwhenoursoldierscameback

fromthefront.

4.Wasitinthisplacethatthelastkingdied?

三）注意強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分帶有定語(yǔ)從句

WasitattheairbattleonJune8,1944,whichwasledby

CaptainJohnsonthatPeterlosthislife.

【典型例題】

一.單項(xiàng)選擇：

1.Idon'tthinkpossibletomasteraforeignlanguage

withoutmuchmemory.

A.thisB.thatC.itsD.it

分析：本題考查it做形式賓語(yǔ)的句型。“我認(rèn)為沒(méi)有大量的

記憶掌握一門外語(yǔ)是不可能的?！惫蔬x擇D

2.Doesmatterifhecan'tfinishthejobontime?

A.thisB.thatC.heD.it

分析：本題考查it做形式主語(yǔ)的句型.如果他沒(méi)能按時(shí)完成

工作的話，這很要緊嗎？故選擇D

3.Tom'smotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldwork

harder,butdidn'thelp.

A.heB.whichC.sheD.it

分析：本題考查it的代詞用法。It指上一句的內(nèi)容：Tom的

母親始終告訴他應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)。故選擇D

4.isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasan

internationallanguage.

A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It

分析：本題考查it做形式主語(yǔ)的句型：英語(yǔ)正在作為一種國(guó)

際性語(yǔ)言被接受是一個(gè)事實(shí)。選擇D

5.Itwasinthesmallhousewasbuiltwithstonesbyhis

fatherhespenthischildhood.

A.which;thatB.that;where

C.which;whichD.that;which分析：本題考查帶有定語(yǔ)從

句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型用法。句中："wasbuiltwithstonesbyhis

father的定語(yǔ)從句。被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是inthesmallhouse

wasbuiltwithstonesbyhisfathero根據(jù)句意：他正是在他

父親用石頭蓋的房子里度過(guò)了他的童年。故選擇A

二.單句改錯(cuò)：

1.Thatissaidthatthisnovelhasbeentranslatedintoseveral

languages.

分析：根據(jù)句意：據(jù)說(shuō)這部小說(shuō)已經(jīng)被譯成多種語(yǔ)言。表示

據(jù)說(shuō)，應(yīng)當(dāng)說(shuō)：Itissaidthat...oThat改為：It

2.Isthisyourturntocleantheblackboard?

分析：根據(jù)句意：該輪到你擦黑板了吧？輪到某人做某事:

Itisone9sturntodo....This改為：it

3.Itisknowntoeveryone,themoontravelsaroundthe

earthonceeverymonth.

分析：表示"眾所周知”可以說(shuō)：Itisknowntoeveryonethat+

陳述句。或：Asisknowntoeveryone,+陳述句。It改為：

As,或去掉“，”加連詞that

4.Theofficialmadethisclearthathewoulddoeverything

possibletosolvetheproblem.

分析：根據(jù)句意：這位官員宣布將盡一切力量解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。

固定結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)當(dāng)是：makeitclearthat+陳述句。It在此是形式

賓語(yǔ)。This改為：it

5.Itwasintheparkwheretheoldcoupletoldmetheirlove

story.

分析：根據(jù)句意可以知道本句用了強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)：in

thepark所以按照強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的結(jié)構(gòu)where改為：that

6.Althoughwecan'tseethem,thereisairaroundus.

分析：句中的代詞them根據(jù)句意應(yīng)當(dāng)指代后面的air,但

air是不可數(shù)名詞，因此them改為：it

三.翻譯句子：

1.直到星期三我才給辦公室去電話。

分析：表達(dá)“直到……才……”可以用not...,until…引導(dǎo)的

時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；也用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型；或倒裝句。翻譯：

(1)Ididn'ttelephonetheofficeuntilWednesday.

(2)ItwasnotuntilWednesdaythatItelephonedtheoffice.

(3)NotuntilWednesdaydidItelephonetheoffice.

2.只有當(dāng)我們看不清楚的時(shí)候，我們才意識(shí)到我們眼睛的重

要性。

分析：本句可以用強(qiáng)調(diào)句表達(dá)，也可以用倒裝句：

翻譯：

(1)Itisonlywhenwecannotseeperfectlythatwerealize

howimportantoureyesare.

(2)Onlywhenwecannotseeperfectlydowerealizehow

importantoureyesare.

3.Itwasinsurgerythattheresultsofthatdiscoverywere

obtained,anditwastherethatthebattlebetweenthenew

ideaandtheoldprejudiceswasfoughtoutmostdramatically.

翻譯：那些發(fā)現(xiàn)的成果是在外科醫(yī)學(xué)中獲得的，也正是在那

里，新思想與舊偏見(jiàn)用最富有戲劇性的方式展開(kāi)了戰(zhàn)斗。

【模擬試題】

一.單項(xiàng)選擇：

1.Nobodythinksverypolitetobealwayscuttinginwhen

anotherpersonistalking.

A.thatB.thisC.itD.there

2.Iwasdisappointedwiththefilm;Ihadexpectedtobe

muchbetter.

A.thisB.thatC.oneD.it

3.Hetoreupmyphotoandupsetme.

A.thisB.itC.whichD.what

4.Itwaswithgreatcouragetheboytoldthetruthhehad

stolenthemoney.

A.which;thatB.when;what

C.as;thatD.that;that

5.WhenItrytofindthatpreventssomanypeoplefrom

takingpartintheprogram,itseemstomethattherearetwo

maincauses.

A.whatitdoesB.whatitis

C.whyitdoesD.whyitis

6.Nancyisexpectinganotherbabyandhopeswillbeaboy.

A.heB.thatC.itD.there

二.句型轉(zhuǎn)換：

將下列陳述句按劃線的內(nèi)容變?yōu)閺?qiáng)調(diào)句。

1.Thechildrenoftenhelptheirparentsdothefarmwork.

2.In1993,atomatowasdevelopedthatwasverydifferent

fromanygrownbefore.

3.ThebiggestproblemofChinesefarmersistheshortageof

arableland.

4.Futureagricultureshoulddependonhightechnologyas

wellastraditionalmethods.

三.閱讀理解：

A

Itisimportanttoknowanotherlanguageandhowto

communicatewithoutwordswhenyouareinanother

country.Beforesayinganything,peoplecommunicatewith

eachotherbyusinggestures（手勢(shì)）.However,manygestures

havedifferentmeanings,ornomeaningatall,indifferent

partsoftheworld.

IntheUnitedStates,noddingyourheadupanddown

means"yes”,whileinsomepatsofGreeceandTurkey,it

means“no”.InthesoutheastofAsia,itisapolitewayof

saying“Iheardyou”.TodayintheUSA,whensomeoneputs

histhumbup,itmeans“Everythingisallright."However,in

Greeceitisbad.Alsoputtingyourclasped（緊握的）handsup

aboveyourheadmeans“Iamthewinner.,,Itisthesign

whichplayersoftenmake.InRussiaitisthesignof

friendship.

IntheUSA,holdingyourhandupwiththethumband

indexfinger（食指）,andtheotherthreestraightmeans

“EverythingisOK.”InFrance,itmeans4<Youareworth

nothing.^^

Itisalsoimportanttomakeeyecommunication.Ifyou

lookdownwhentalkingtoanAmerican,heorshemayfeel

thatyouareshy,oryouaretryingtohidesomething.

Besidesthese,youshouldalsoknowtherearesome

topicsthatcannotbetalkedabout,suchasage,weightand

marriage.Youcantalkabouttheweather,work,sports,food,

whereonelivesandnewsoftheday.

1.Whichofthefollowingistrue?

A.Peopleallovertheworldonlycommunicatebywords.

B.Manygestureseitherhavedifferentmeaningsorno

meaningsatall.

C.Gesturesarethemostcommonwaytocommunicate.

D.Peoplecantalkaboutanythinginanothercountry.

2.InGreecenoddingyourheadmeans"

A.Yes.B.No

C.IheardyouD.Iamthewinner

3.Puttingthethumbupshouldnotbeusedin.

A.GreeceB.theUSAC.EnglandD.China

4.Whatdoesthissentencemean”.…youractioncanspeak

louderthanyourwords”？

A.Whatyoudoisbetterthanwhatyousay.

B.Youtryyourbesttobepolite.

C.Youarebetterunderstoodbyyourgesturesthanthrough

yourwords.

D.Whatyousayisbetterthanwhatyoudo.

5.Themainideaofthepassageisthatwhenyouarein

anothercountry,.

A.itisimportanttoknowthelanguage.

B.itisimportanttoknowwhatyoutalkabouttoaforeigner.

C.toknowhowtocommunicatewithoutwordsisas

importantastoknowthelanguage.

D.tocommunicatethroughgesturesismoreimportantthan

toknowthelanguage.

B

"Intheolddays,"asonewifesaid.“Thehusbandwas

thehusbandandthewifewasthewife."Inthepast

husbandseachhadtheirownwayofgoingon.Thewives'

jobsweretolookafterthem.

“Thewiveswouldn'tstandforitnowadays.Husbands

helpwiththechildrennow.Theystaymore,aswellashave

moreinterest,athome.^^Weshallgivesomeexamplesof

whathusbandsdo,firstlyinsharingworkwiththeirwives;

andsecondly,intheirlargelyindependentdomain（領(lǐng)域）of

houserepairs.

“Somehusbands,aswellasdoingmuchoftheheavy

workinthehome,carryingthecoals,andemptyingthe

rubbish,actasassistantstotheirwivesforatleastpartof

theday."Mr.Hammondwashesupthedisheseverynight

andlaysthebreakfastforthemorning.Mr.Clarksaidthat

onSundaymorningsheusuallyhovered（吸塵）aroundand

readplaysaloudforhiswifewhileshedidabitofwashing.

Mr.Davispolishesthefloorsandhelpstomakethebedsat

weekend,andduringweekdays,takesthedogoutforoneof

histwice-dailywalks.Soitgoeson....

1.Theexpression“actasassistantstotheirwives“means

that.

A.husbandsreadplaysaloud.

B.husbandsarepaidbytheirwives.

C.husbandshelptheirwives.

D.husbandslookaftertheirsickchildren.

2.Themeaningofthewife'swordsatthebeginningofthe

passagewasthat.

A.inthepastmenstayedathomeallday.

B.inthepasttherewasacleardivisionofroleinthefamily.

C.inthepastmostboysandgirlsweremarriedatanearly

age.

D.inthepastwivesandhusbandslivedseparately.

3.WhatdoesMr.Davisdoatweekends?

A.Hecleansthefloorsandmakesthebeds.

B.Hereadsplaysaloudanddoestheweeklyshopping.

C.Hecook