黑龍江省雙鴨山市友誼縣中2022-2023學年高一下學期期中考試英語試卷姓名：__________班級：__________考號：__________題號一二三四五六總分評分一、閱讀理解，閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A,B,C和D）中，選出最佳選項（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀理解Ifsocialdistancingisdrivingyoualittlecrazy,herearefourworld'smostbeautifulnaturalpoolsforyoutogetrelaxed.Devil'sPoolVictoriaFallsinsoutheasternAfricameasures108metrestallandmorethan1676metreswide.Butforsomebravepeople,thetopoftheFalls,knownasDevil'sPool,isjustanotherswimminghole.WithwaterlevelsattheirlowestfromSeptembertoDecember,largenumbersofswimmersadventureintothepool.BartonSpringsPoolBartonSpringsPoolinAustin,U.S.,coversthreeacresandmaintainsatemperatureofabout20degreesyear-round.Admissiontothe5-metredeeppoolrangesfrommidMarchuntiltheendofSeptember.Forlocalresidents（居民）,thecostis$3foradultsand$1forkidsunder8（non-residentspay$8foradultsand$3forkidsunder8）.BondiIcebergsPublicPoolA15-minutedrivefromSydney'sCBDsitstheBondiBathsatBondiIcebergs.Thehistoric50-metrepublicsaltwaterpoolhasbeenaroundformorethanacenturyandfeaturesasmallbeach,whereyoucanenjoythesunshine.Theentrancecost（$7foradults；$5forkids）isn'tmuchconsideringthemillion-dollarview.DuduBlueLagoonWanttofloat(漂浮)inaquiet30-metre-deepfreshwaterpool?ThencheckoutDuduBlueLagoononthenortheasterncoastoftheDominicanRepublic.Thelagoonalsofeaturesunderwatercaves,makingitapopulardivingdestination.1．WhenisagoodtimetoswiminDevil'sPool?A．March. B．June. C．August. D．October.2．HowmuchshouldaBritishcouplewithachildof7paytovisitBartonSpringsPool?A．$7. B．$9. C．$19, D．$24.3．WhatcanatouristdoinDuduBlueLagoon?A．Sunbatheonthebeach. B．Floatinasaltwaterpool.C．Haveagoodviewofthewaterfall. D．Diveintotheunderwatercaves.閱讀理解IwaselevenyearsoldstandingoutsideinjustmyunderwearwhileIwatchedthehousethatIgrewupinrapidlyburntotheground.AfewminutesearlierIhadbeeninbedwhenascreamwokemeup.Mygrandma'sbedroomwasjustnexttomineandmyelderbrother's.Afirehadbrokenoutthereandawakenedher.Hearingherscream,myelderbrotherjumpedtoaction,runningfromroomtoroomquicklytowakeeveryoneinthehouse.However,beforewecoulddoanything,thefirehadconsumed(燒毀)theoldandwoodenhouse.Istoodthereshivering(顫抖)whilethefiredestroyedmybooks,clothes,andtoys.IwatchedhelplesslywhilemyMomcriedandmyDadsighed.Iwonderedwhatwasgoingtohappentousnowthatwehadlostallofourthings.AsIlookedaround,though,Irealizedsomethingforthefirsttime:Whatmattersaren'tthings.Isawmyelderbrotherrunningacrosstheswinging(搖擺的)bridgebyourhousetogethelp.Isawmyeldestbrotherwhowasoncrutches(拐棍)fromanearlieraccidentstandingunsteadilyononeleg.Isawmygrandmaanddadwrappedineachother'sarmsandmymumholdingourlittledog.Irealizedatthatmomentthatwewereallalive.Everythingthatwasessentialhadsurvivedthefire.Ourliveswouldcontinue.Wewouldsurvivewithoutthe"stuff"thatwasburning.Wewouldallbearoundtoloveeachotherformanyyearstocome.Andthatwasallthatmattered.Istillthinkofthatfireatnight.IthelpedmetobecomewhoIamtoday.Itshowedmefortheveryfirsttimewhatistrulyessentialinlife.Ithelpedmetolearnthattheloveweshareisfarmoreimportantthanthethingswepossess.Liveyourlifethenforthethingsthatmatter,notforthethingsyouown.Loveothers.Letthefireinsideofyoumakethisworldawarmerplace.Letyoursoulshinebright.4．Whofirstfoundthehousewasonfire?A．Theauthor. B．Thegrandma.C．Theelderbrother. D．Apasser-by.5．Howdidtheauthorprobablyfeelwhentheyallmadeitoutside?A．Exitedandworried. B．Worriedbutlucky.C．Unhappyandupset. D．Happybutworried.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"essential"inParagraph4probablymean?A．Important. B．Perfect. C．Amazing. D．Unique.7．Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．Weallhaveeachother B．ThemagicofafireC．Growingupwithmemory D．Waystobeabetterman閱讀理解Astheworld'spopulationcontinuestoincrease,sodoestheamountofglobalwaste.Accordingtodata(數據)collectedbytheWorldBankGroup,nationsareonpacetoproduce4billiontonsofwasteeveryyearby2100.Manyexpertsarecallingtheproblemofglobalwasteaworldwidehealthcrisis(危機)becausethewasteispollutingtheworld'soceans,airandsoilandisputtingthehealthofalllivingthingsindanger.Foryears,governmentshavebeentellingcitizensthatlivingazero-wastelifestyleisthewaytogo.Nowsomestoresarehelpingpeopledothat.Mostgrocerystoresproducewastewhentheythrowawayfoodandpackingmaterial.Insomecases,thefoodconsistsoffruitandvegetablesthatdon'tlookgoodanymore.Inothercases,it'spackagedfoodthatisnearingthe"sell-by"dateprintedonthepackage.Afterthe"sell-by"datepassed,thefoodisnotconsideredsafetoeat.Thus,manystoresthrowoutunsoldpackagedfoodbeforethatdatearrives.Tosolvethisproblem,businesspeopleareopeningsmallergrocerystores.Insteadofsellingfoodinpackages,thesestoresofferitinopencontainers(容器).Customersbringtheirownbagsorcleancontainerstothestore.There,theyfilltheirbagsorcontainerswitheverythingfromnutsandgrainstooilandvinegar.Theypayforonlytheamountofeachproductthattheyneed.Zero-wastestoresoftensellfruitandvegetablesaswell.Whenthesegoodsstarttolookold,they'resoldatacheaperpriceorgiventothepoorpeople.Inspiredbythesesmallerzero-wastegrocerystores,somelargesupermarketsaretakingsimilarstepstoreducetheamountofwastethattheyproduce.8．Howdoesthewriterbeginthisarticle?A．Bygivingsomedetailedexamples.B．Byreportingtheresultsofexperiments.C．Bydiscussingamajorsourceofpollution.D．Byexplaininganinternationalagreement.9．AccordingtoParagraph3,whydogrocerystoressometimesthrowawayfruitandvegetables?A．Becausetheyhavegonebad.B．Becausetheydon'tlookfresh.C．Becausetheypassthe"sell-by"date.D．Becausetheynearthe"sell-by"date.10．Whatdocustomersmostlikelybringtothesmallerstoresdescribedinthisarticle?A．Emptybaskets. B．Oldnewspapers.C．Largecupboards. D．Plastictoys.11．Accordingtothisarticle,whataresomesupermarketsdoing?A．They'rebuildinguppartnershipswithsmallerstores.B．They'refollowingtheexamplesetbysmallerstores.C．They'reputtingseveralsmallerstoresoutofbusiness.D．They'redemandingthatofficialscontrolsmallerstores.閱讀理解Thirteen-year-oldKayleehasalotoffriends—532,actually,ifyoucountupheronlinefriends.Andshespendsalotoftimewiththem.ButisitpossiblethatKaylee'sonlinefriendshipscouldbemakingherlonely?That'swhatsomeexpertsbelieve.Connectingonlineisagreatwaytostayintouch,theysay.However,someexpertsworrythatmanykidsaresobusyconnectingonlinethattheymightbemissingoutontruefriendships.Couldthisbetrue?Duringyourparents'childhoods,connectingwithfriendsusuallymeantspendingtimewiththemintheflesh.KidsplayedScrabblearoundatable,notWordsWithFriendsontheirphones.Whenfriendsmissedeachother,theypickedupthetelephone.Friendsmightevenwriteletterstoeachother.Today,mostcommunicationtakesplaceonline.Atypicalteensends2,000textsamonthandspendsmorethan44hoursperweekinfrontofascreen.Muchofthistimeisspentonsocialmediaplatforms.Infact,inmanyways,onlinecommunicationcanmakefriendshipsstronger,"There'sdefinitelyapositiveinfluence.Kidscanstayinconstantcontact,whichmeanstheycansharemoreoftheirfeelingswitheachother,"saysKatieDavis,co-authorofTheAppGeneration.Otherexperts,however,warnthattoomuchonlinecommunicationcangetinthewayofformingdeepfriendships."Ifweareconstantlycheckinginwithourvirtualwords,wewillhavelittletimeforourreal-worldfriendships."saysLarryRosen,aprofessoratCaliforniaStateUniversity.Rosenalsoworriesthattoday'skidsmightmistakethe"friends"onthesocialmediafortruefriendsinlife.However,intoughtimes,youdon'tneedsomeonetolikeyourpictureorshareyourblogs.Youneedsomeonewhowillkeepyoursecretsandholdyourhand.Youwouldliketotalkfacetoface.12．Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A．Tosummarizethetext. B．Tobringupadiscussion.C．Totellabouttruefriends. D．Toencourageonlinefriendship.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart"intheflesh"meaninParagraph3?A．Inperson. B．Inadvance. C．Insilence. D．Inaword.14．WhatisKatie'sattitudetowardsonlinecommunication?A．Worried. B．Positive. C．Confused. D．Unconcerned.15．WhatviewdoesRosenhold?A．It'swisetoturntofriendsonline.B．It'seasiertodevelopfriendshipsinreality.C．Socialmediahelppeoplestaycloselyconnected.D．Teenagersneedfocusonreal-worldfriendships.二、任務型閱讀（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。TipstoBecomeMoreConfidentOurconfidenceplaysanimportantroleinabilitytoachievesuccessandhappiness.Itaffectsourmentalthoughtpatterns,thewaywespeakandact,andthedecisionswemakeinallareasofourlives.Confidentpeopletakemoreaction,performbetter,andaremorelikelytoattaintheirgoals.16．Luckyforus,confidencecanbebuiltandstrengtheneduntilitbecomesnatural,justasanyotherhabit.Itsimplytakesalittletime,someeffort,andabitofattention.1Learn.Themoreknowledgeyouacquire,themoreconfidentyouwillbe.Knowledgeispower,andthemorepowerfulyoufeel,thehigheryourconfidencewillbe.217．Keepalistofsuccesses,bigandsmall.It'llhelpyoutoseeyourabilitiesinamorepositiveandrealisticlight.3Startaconversation.Whenyoufindyourselfinasocialsituation,don'talwaysturntothosepeopleyou'recomfortablewith.18．Eventuallygettingtoknownewpeoplewillbecomeeasier.4Don'tcompare.Stopmeasuringyourselfagainstothers.19．Makingcomparisonsisadamagingandaninaccuratemeasureofsuccessanyway.Confidencehelpsyoutobemoresecureinyourabilitiesandmorepositiveinyourattitude.Italsoencouragesyoutobemoreassertive(堅定自信的)totakeonmorechallenges,andtoimproveyourskills.20．Theendresultisabetteroutlook,moresuccess,andahigherqualityoflifeinallareas.A.Asanaddedbenefit,you'llattractlike-mindedpeople.B.Trackyouraccomplishments.C.Theresultyougetisn'talwaysreal.D.Itmayonlydoharmtothem.E.Listyoursuperabilities.F.What'smore,confidentpeoplecantakemorejoyfromtheiraccomplishments.G.Talktosomeoneyoudon'tknowverywell.三、完形填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項（A,B,C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Iarrivedlateonenight,soIhaddinnerinarestaurant.AsIwas21．mymeal，anoldercouplecamein.Theywere22．handsandhadlovelysmilesontheirfaces.Iwas23．atthelovetheyshowedforoneanother,24．thiswasshortlyaftermyendinga20-yearmarriageandIstillhad25．inmyheart.AsIpaidmybill，Iaskedthewaiterwhattheirbillwas.HetoldmeandIgavehimtheMYM40topaytheirbill.He26．ifIknewthemandItoldhim,"No,Ijustwantedtorepaythemforthe27．thattheywereshowingtoeachother,"andthenIleft.Thenextday，I28．thesamerestaurant.AfterIhadbeenseated,thesamewaitertoldmethata29．thinghappenedafterIlefttherestaurant.Whentheoldercouplewenttopayfortheirmeal,theyweretoldanother30．hadpaidforitbecauseoftheirloveforeachother.Amazed,thecouple31．andaskedforthebillofayoungcoupleintheir20's,Theypaiditandleft,32．"Lovebringslove",totheamazementofthehostessandwaiter.Ismiledandsaid,"That'snice,"andcontinuedtoordermy33．.About45minuteslater,Iwalkedovertothehostessstand.Shesmiledand34．thatIwouldnothavetopayformymeal.Thewaiterandshefelttheyhadtopaymybill,shesaid，duetothe35．thatwasbroughttothefacesoftheelderlycoupleandtheamazementoftheyoungcouplefromthenightbefore.WhenItoldherthattheydidn'thavetodothat,shesaidwithasmile"Lovebringslove."21．A．finishing B．cooking C．ordering D．selling22．A．shaking B．waving C．holding D．cleaning23．A．disappointed B．satisfied C．amazed D．interested24．A．sothat B．evenif C．unless D．because25．A．pain B．fear C．excitement D．worry26．A．asked B．screamed C．discussed D．permitted27．A．care B．love C．anger D．respect28．A．sought B．built C．left D．entered29．A．terrible B．sad C．moving D．disturbing30．A．waiter B．guest C．worker D．friend31．A．lookedup B．lookedout C．lookedahead D．lookedaround32．A．saying B．arguing C．whispering D．sighing33．A．love B．meal C．debt D．books34．A．explained B．commented C．joked D．added35．A．achievements B．greetings C．joy D．interest四、從題中所給的四個選項（A,B,C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項（共20小題；每小題1分，滿分20分）36．Thechurchtowerwhich__________nowwillbeopentotouristssoon.Theworkisalmostfinished.A．hasbuilt B．hasbeenbuilt C．isbuilding D．isbeingbuilt37．YouaresohelpfulandIhaveneverseena_______personlikeyoutohelpturtlescleanofftheirshells.A．kind-hearted B．strong-willed C．hard-working D．peace-loving38．However,after-classactivitiescantakeupalotoftime,_____studentshavetolearnhowtoorganizetheirbusyschedule.A．and B．so C．不填 D．but39．Thenewlydesignedshirt______mebutthecolor______mewell.A．doesn'tfit;fits B．isn'tfitfor;fitsC．doesn'tfit;suits D．isn'tfit;suits40．Inthecompanyheis____toTominposition,whileinlifeheisTom'sjunior____twoyears.A．senior;by B．junior;by C．senior;to D．junior;to41．Thepoliceman's_______trafficdirectionsmadeallthedriversquite______．A．confused；confused B．confusing；confusingC．confused；confusing D．confusing；confused42．WheneverI'mseatedaloneintheroom,Ifindmyself________tothepictureonthewall.A．attracting B．attractedC．tobeattracted D．beingattracted43．Peterwillgivemefivesweets____anapple,butinfactIdon'thaveasweettooth.A．insearchof B．inneedofC．inmemoryof D．inexchangefor44．______theirfansandviewers,allthefemalestarsdresseduptoattendtheawardspresentation.A．Havingimpressed B．ToimpressC．Impressing D．Impressed45．Nowadays，foodsafetyhasbecomethe________ofthegovernmentaswellasthesociety.A．advantage B．focus C．step D．anger46．Hefeltrather____thatheshoulddrivethecaratsucha____speed.A．frightening;frightening B．frightened;frighteningC．frightened;frightened D．frightening;frightened47．I'mlookingforwardto___________yourlettersoon.A．receive B．havereceived C．receiving D．beingreceived48．Herecommendedthatwe____arecordofwhatwesaw.A．would B．couldkeep C．mustkeep D．shouldkeep49．Herspeechmadeadeepimpression____theaudience.A．in B．by C．on D．at50．Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool,____hewentontoBeijingUniversity.A．afterwhich B．afterthat C．inwhich D．inthat51．Teachingyoungchildrenisa____andrewardingjob.A．challenge B．challenges C．challenging D．challenged52．Afterthestormthelakewas____.A．calm B．quiet C．still D．silent53．Jackwasworkinginthelab____thepowercutoccurred.A．which B．that C．when D．while54．Thebillisstill____debate,butit'smorelikelytobevetoed(否決).A．under B．on C．into D．at55．Pleasecleanthewoundwithacleanclothandthenapplythemedicine____it.A．to B．on C．for D．in五、語法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當的內容（不多于三個單詞）或括號內單詞的正確形式。Thisyear,ZhangGuimeisent150femalestudentstocollegefromafreeall-girlshighschoolshehadfoundedin2008insouthwestChina'sdeepmountains.Forthepast13years,atotalof1,954femalestudents56．(graduate)fromthisschool,thefirstandonlyoneofitskindinthecountry."Toeducateagirlistochangethedestiny(命運)ofthree57．(generation),"Zhangsaid.58．64-year-oldteacherfromsouthwestChina'sYunnanProvincewaspresented59．theJuly1MedalbyXiJinpingataceremonyinBeijingonTuesday.BecauseofhereffortstoimprovefemaleeducationinChina,moregirlscanchangetheirdestiny.WhenthePeople'sRepublicofChina60．(found)in1949,femaleilliteracy(文盲)wasmuchhigherthanthatoftheirmalecounterparts.Inthe1950s,theChinesegovernmentlaunchedcampaigns61．helpedsome16millionfemalesbecomeeducated.Inrecentdecades,wipingoutilliteracyand62．(improve)thereadingskillsofwomenisregardedasoneofthe63．(high)prioritiesinChina,accordingtothegovernment'sguidelineforhelpingthecountry'sfemales.Thefemaleilliteracyrateforthoseaboveage15hasdecreasedfrom64．(rough)90%intheearly1950sto7%in2019.In2021,Chinascored0.973intheGlobalGenderGapReport65．(release)bytheWorldEconomicForum(withascoreof1beingcompletelyequal).六、書面表達（滿分20分）66．假定你是李華，你的朋友李越,剛進入高中，因為學習壓力和沒有朋友而感到很焦慮，不知如何排解，寫信求助于你。請你用英語回一封信給他，提出一些合理建議，內容包括：

1.轉變心態，正確對待學習壓力；

2.聽聽歌曲，釋放學習壓力；

3.多與同學交流，和他們成為朋友；

注意：

1.詞數100左右；

2.可適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。

答案解析部分【答案】1．D2．C3．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應用文，介紹了四個世界上最美麗的自然泳池。【點評】考查閱讀理解，包含細節理解題、數字計算題，是一篇介紹類閱讀，注意先略讀文章，掌握文章大意，再分析題干及選項，到文中找到相關內容并進行理解。1．考查細節理解。根據Devil'sPool部分中的"WithwaterlevelsattheirlowestfromSeptembertoDecember,largenumbersofswimmersadventureintothepool.”9月到12月是水位最低的時候，大量的游泳者冒險進入這個游泳池。可知，9月到12月是在魔鬼池游泳的好時機。故選D。2．考查數字計算。根據BartonSpringsPool部分中的"Forlocalresidents（居民）,thecostis$3foradultsand$1forkidsunder8（non-residentspay$8foradultsand$3forkidsunder8）.”當地居民成人3美元，8歲以下兒童1美元(非居民成人8美元，8歲以下兒童3美元)。可知，非本地居民成年人門票是8美元，8歲以下兒童3美元。所以8*2+3=19美元。故選C。3．考查細節理解。根據DuduBlueLagoon部分中的"Thelagoonalsofeaturesunderwatercaves,makingitapopulardivingdestination.”lagoon也以水下洞穴為特色，使其成為一個受歡迎的潛水目的地。可知，在DuduBlueLagoon，可以潛入水下洞穴。故選D。【答案】4．B5．B6．A7．A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了作者在十一歲時經歷了一場火災，讓作者認識到家人的愛遠比我們擁有的東西重要。

【點評】本題考點涉及推理判斷，詞義猜測和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，考生需要根據上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．考查推理判斷。根據第二段中的“Mygrandma'sbedroomwasjustnexttomineandmyelderbrother's.Afirehadbrokenoutthereandawakenedher.Hearingherscream,myelderbrotherjumpedtoaction,runningfromroomtoroomquicklytowakeeveryoneinthehouse.”我奶奶的臥室就在我和我哥哥的隔壁，一場大火把她喚醒了。聽到她的尖叫聲，我哥哥跳了起來，迅速地從一個房間跑到另一個房間去叫醒屋里的每個人。可知，是奶奶第一個發現房子著火了。故選B。5．考查推理判斷。根據第三段中的“IwatchedhelplesslywhilemyMomcriedandmyDadsighed.Iwonderedwhatwasgoingtohappentousnowthatwehadlostallofourthings.”我無助地看著，媽媽哭了，爸爸在嘆氣。我在想我們會發生什么，因為我們失去了所有的東西。可知，看到大火毀掉了我們所擁有的一切，作者是無助的，他在為未來會發生的事而擔心；以及第三段中的“Irealizedatthatmomentthatwewereallalive.Everythingthatwasessentialhadsurvivedthefire.Ourliveswouldcontinue.”那一刻我意識到我們都還活著。一切必要的東西都在火災中幸免于難。我們的生活還會繼續。可知，作者意識到我和家人們都還活著，生活還會繼續，這是最重要的。可推知，當作者在外面看到眼前發生的一切時，雖然對未來的生活擔心，但同時家人能在火災中幸免于難，這是很幸運的，故選B。6．考查詞義猜測。根據第四段中的“Ithelpedmetolearnthattheloveweshareisfarmoreimportantthanthethingswepossess.”它幫助我認識到，我們分享的愛遠比我們擁有的東西重要。可知，那晚的火災讓作者認識到生活中重要的是家人間的愛，而不是擁有的東西。可推斷“Itshowedmefortheveryfirsttimewhatistrulyessentialinlife.”句意是：它第一次向我展示了生活中真正重要的東西，劃線詞essential是“重要的”之意。故選A。7．考查主旨大意。縱觀全文可知，本文講述了作者在十一歲時經歷了一場火災，讓作者認識到家人的愛遠比我們擁有的東西重要。“我們都擁有彼此”，表達了在生活中無論遇到什么困難，只有擁有彼此，就有希望，適合做文章的標題，故選A。【答案】8．C9．D10．A11．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，隨著世界人口的增長，人類會生產更多的垃圾，為解決垃圾問題，多年來，政府一直在告訴公民，過一種"零廢棄"的生活方式是可行的。現在一些商店正在幫助人們這樣做。

【點評】本題考點涉及細節理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇環保類閱讀，通讀全文，理解文章大意，閱讀題目后返回原文閱讀并找出與題目相對應的內容，仔細核對，選擇符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次閱讀并檢查。8．考查推理判斷。根據第一段"Astheworld'spopulationcontinuestoincrease,sodoestheamountofglobalwaste.Accordingtodata(數據)collectedbytheWorldBankGroup,nationsareonpacetoproduce4billiontonsofwasteeveryyearby2100.Manyexpertsarecallingtheproblemofglobalwasteaworldwidehealthcrisis(危機)becausethewasteispollutingtheworld'soceans,airandsoilandisputtingthehealthofalllivingthingsindanger."隨著世界人口的持續增長，全球垃圾的數量也在增加。根據世界銀行集團收集的數據，到2100年，各國每年將產生40億噸垃圾。許多專家稱全球垃圾問題是一場全球健康危機，因為這些垃圾正在污染世界上的海洋、空氣和土壤，并危及所有生物的健康。可推知作者通過討論主要的污染源來開始這篇文章。故選C。9．考查細節理解。根據第三段中的"Inothercases,it'spackagedfoodthatisnearingthe‘sell-by'dateprintedonthepackage.Afterthe‘sell-by'datepassed,thefoodisnotconsideredsafetoeat.Thus,manystoresthrowoutunsoldpackagedfoodbeforethatdatearrives."在其他情況下，它是接近印刷在包裝上的"保質期"的包裝食品。過了"保質期"后，食品就不安全了。因此，許多商店會在這個日期到來之前扔掉未售出的包裝食品。可知，雜貨鋪扔掉一些水果蔬菜是因為它們接近保質期了。故選D。10．考查推理判斷。根據第四段中的"Tosolvethisproblem,businesspeopleareopeningsmallergrocerystores.Insteadofsellingfoodinpackages,thesestoresofferitinopencontainers(容器).Customersbringtheirownbagsorcleancontainerstothestore."為了解決這個問題，商人們開了些小的雜貨店。這些商店出售的食品不是包裝的，而是放在開著的容器里。顧客帶自己的袋子或干凈的容器到商店。可判斷，顧客會帶空籃子這樣的容器去小雜貨鋪買東西。故選A。11．考查細節理解。根據第四段中的"Inspiredbythesesmallerzero-wastegrocerystores,somelargesupermarketsaretakingsimilarstepstoreducetheamountofwastethattheyproduce."受這些較小的"零廢棄"雜貨店的啟發，一些大型超市正在采取類似的措施來減少它們產生的垃圾。可知，大型超市正在效仿小商店的做法。故選B。【答案】12．B13．A14．B15．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，現在的青少年把更多的時間用在網上交友，這樣的現象讓專家很擔憂，專家認為青少年如不斷地關注虛擬世界，他們將幾乎沒有時間與現實世界建立友誼，從而錯過了真正的友誼。

【點評】本題考點涉及詞義猜測和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇社會現象類閱讀，首先要仔細閱讀短文，掌握大意，然后結合具體的題目，再讀短文，從中找出相關信息，就可以確定正確答案。12．考查推理判斷。根據第一段“Thirteen-year-oldKayleehasalotoffriends—532,actually,ifyoucountupbothherInstagramfollowersandFacebookfriends,Andshespendsalotoftimewiththem.”13歲的凱莉有很多朋友——實際上有532個，如果你把她在Instagram上的粉絲和Facebook上的朋友都算上的話，而且她花了很多時間和他們在一起；以及第二段中的“ButisitpossiblethatKaylee'sonlinefriendshipscouldbemakingherlonely?”但有沒有可能她網絡上的朋友讓她感到孤獨呢？可推知，第一段闡述了一種社會現象，目的是提出一個討論的話題，從而引出下文對于這樣話題的觀點。故選B。13．考查詞義猜測。根據第三段中的“Duringyourparent'schildhoods,connectingwithfriendsusuallymeantspendingtimewiththem”在你父母的童年時期，與朋友建立聯系通常意味著與他們共度時光；以及空后“KidsplayedScrabblearoundatable,notWordsWithFriendsontheirphones.”孩子們圍著桌子玩拼字游戲，而不是在手機上玩《與朋友說話》。可推斷intheflesh“親自”之意，故選A。14．考查推理判斷。根據第五段中的“Infact,inmanyways,onlinecommunicationcanmakefriendshipsstronger,‘There'sdefinitelyapositiveinfluence.Kidscanstayinconstantcontact,whichmeanstheycansharemoreoftheirfeelingswitheachother,'saysKatieDavis,co-authorofTheAppGeneration.”事實上，在很多方面，網上交流可以讓友誼更加牢固。孩子們可以保持經常的聯系，這意味著他們可以彼此分享更多的感受，”《應用程序世代》的合著者凱蒂·戴維斯說。可推知，Katie對網絡交流持樂觀態度。故選B。15．考查推理判斷。根據最后一段中的“‘Ifweareconstantlycheckinginwithourvirtualwords,wewillhavelittletimeforourreal-worldfriendships.'saysLarryRosen,aprofessoratCaliforniaStateUniversity.Rosenalsoworriesthattoday'skidsmightmistakethe‘friends'onthesocialmediafortruefriendsinlife.”“如果我們不斷地使用虛擬世界的語言，我們就沒有多少時間來處理現實世界中的友誼了。加州州立大學教授拉里·羅森說。羅森還擔心，現在的孩子可能會把社交媒體上的“朋友”誤認為生活中真正的朋友。可推知，Rosen認為青少年需要關注現實世界的友誼。故選D。【答案】16．F；17．B；18．G；19．C；20．A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了在通向成功和幸福的道路上，自信發揮著重要作用。它影響著我們的思維模式、說話方式、行為方式以及生活的各方面的決定——事業、金錢、人際關系，甚至我們的健康。

【點評】考查七選五，本文是一篇教育類閱讀，要求在理解細節信息的基礎上，著重考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。16．根據空前"Ourconfidenceplaysanimportantroleinabilitytoachievesuccessandhappiness.Itaffectsourmentalthoughtpatterns,thewaywespeakandact,andthedecisionswemakeinallareasofourlives.Confidentpeopletakemoreaction,performbetter,andaremorelikelytoattaintheirgoals."我們的信心對獲得成功和幸福的能力起著重要作用。它影響我們的思維模式，我們說話和行動的方式，以及我們在生活的各個領域做出的決定。自信的人會采取更多的行動，表現得更好，更有可能實現自己的目標。可知這里說的是自信的作用，F.What'smore,confidentpeoplecantakemorejoyfromtheiraccomplishments."更重要的是，自信的人可以從他們的成就中獲得更多的快樂。"承接上文，符合語境，故選F。17．根據空后"Keepalistofsuccesses,bigandsmall.It'llhelpyoutoseeyourabilitiesinamorepositiveandrealisticlight."列出大大小小的成功案例。它將幫助你從更積極、更現實的角度看待自己的能力。可知此段說明從成功中提高能力，B.Trackyouraccomplishments."追蹤你的成就"概括本段，符合語境，故選B。18．根據空前"Whenyoufindyourselfinasocialsituation,don'talwaysturntothosepeopleyou'recomfortablewith."當你發現自己處于社交場合時，不要總是求助于那些你覺得舒服的人。可知不要總和待著舒服的人在一起，所以你應該和不了解的人交談，G.Talktosomeoneyoudon'tknowverywell."和一個你不太了解的人談談。"承接上文，符合語境，故選G。19．根據空前"Stopmeasuringyourselfagainstothers."不要拿自己和別人做比較。可知如果你和別人對比的話，那通常感覺是不真實的，C.Theresultyougetisn'talwaysreal."你得到的結果并不總是真實的。"承接上文，符合語境，故選C。20．根據空后"Theendresultisabetteroutlook,moresuccess,andahigherqualityoflifeinallareas."最終的結果是在所有領域都有更好的前景、更多的成功和更高的生活質量。可知有一個好的外表，更成功，和一個高質量的人生，可知這些都是好處，A.Asanaddedbenefit,you'llattractlike-mindedpeople."另外一個好處是，你會吸引志同道合的人。"承接下文，符合語境，故選A。【答案】21．A；22．C；23．C；24．D；25．A；26．A；27．B；28．D；29．C；30．B；31．D；32．A；33．B；34．A；35．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了作者有一次在餐館吃飯時，遇到了一對年老的夫婦，他們的恩愛讓作者感到驚訝，并為他們支付了賬單。這對夫婦知道后又將愛傳遞下去為年輕夫妻買了單。第二天作者又去餐館吃飯，餐廳經理和服務生為他買了單，并且告訴他說"愛帶來愛"。【點評】考查完形填空，本題考點涉及動詞，名詞，形容詞，固定短語等多個知識點的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，要求考生在理解細節信息的基礎上，進一步根據上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析推理，從而選出正確答案。21．句意：當我快要吃完飯的時候，一對老年夫婦進來了。A.finishing"結束"；B.cooking"烹飪"；C.ordering"點餐"；D.selling"賣"。根據下文"AsIpaidmybill，Iaskedthewaiterwhattheirbillwas."當我付賬的時候，我問服務生他們的賬單是多少。可知作者付賬的時候把那對老夫婦的賬單一起付了，可推知當這對夫婦進來時作者正在吃飯，快要吃完飯了，等作者吃完，正好他們點了飯，作者幫他們付了錢。故選A。22．句意：他們手拉手，臉上帶著愛的微笑。A.shaking"搖動"；B.waving"揮手"；C.holding"握住"；D.cleaning"清理"。根據下文"Iwas3atthelovetheyshowedforoneanother"可知作者對于他們對彼此的愛而驚訝，可推知老夫婦很恩愛，進來時手拉手。故選C。23．句意：我對于他們展現出的對彼此的愛而感到驚訝。A.disappointed"失望的"；B.satisfied"滿意的"；C.amazed"驚訝的"；D.interested"有興趣的"。根據空后"4thiswasshortlyaftermyendinga20-yearmarriageandIstillhad5inmyheart."因為這是發生在作者剛結束一段20年的婚姻不久，心里還有傷痛，對愛情灰心。所以看到這對老夫妻之間的愛很驚訝。故選C。24．句意：因為這是發生在我剛結束一段20年的婚姻不久，此時心里還有傷痛。A.sothat"為了，以至于"；B.evenif"即使"；C.unless"除非"；D.because"因為"。根據空前"Iwas3atthelovetheyshowedforoneanother"我對于他們展現出的對彼此的愛而驚訝，解釋感到驚訝的原因是因為自己剛離婚，心里仍然有傷痛。故選D。25．句意：因為這是發生在我剛結束一段20年的婚姻不久，此時心里還有傷痛。A.pain"傷痛"；B.fear"害怕"；C.excitement"興奮"；D.worry"擔心"。根據空前"aftermyendinga20-yearmarriage"可知作者剛結束一段20年的婚姻，心里很痛苦。故選A。26．句意：他問我是不是認識他們，我告訴他說："不認識，我只是想要回報他們展現出來的對彼此的愛。"，然后我就離開了。A.asked"詢問"；B.screamed"尖叫"；C.discussed"討論"；D.permitted"允許"。根據空后"No"可知，這里是服務生詢問作者。故選A。27．句意：他問我是不是認識他們，我告訴他說："不認識，我只是想要回報他們展現出來的對彼此的愛。"，然后我就離開了。A.care"關心"；B.love"愛"；C.anger"生氣"；D.respect"尊重"。根據上文"Iwas3atthelovetheyshowedforoneanother"可知，此處作者為他們表現出來的愛意而替他們買單。故選B。28．句意：第二天，我又進了同一家餐館。A.sought"尋找"；B.built"建造"；C.left"離開"；D.entered"進入"。根據下文"AfterIhadbeenseated,thesamewaitertoldmethata9thinghappenedafterIlefttherestaurant."我坐下之后，昨天的那個服務生告訴我說，在我離開后發生了一件很感人的事情。可知，作者又去了同一家餐館，故選D。29．句意：我坐下之后，昨天的那個服務生告訴我說，在我離開后發生了一件很感人的事情。A.terrible"可怕的"；B.sad"傷心的"；C.moving"感人的"；D.disturbing"令人不安的"。根據下文"Whentheoldercou