過去完成時１．結構:

ThePastPerfectTense

過去完成時2.過去完成時主要是表示在過去某個時間,或是動作之前已經發生或完成的動作.也就是過去的過去.had+v-edByteno’clockyesterdaywehaddonealotofwork.Theenginehadbeenrepairedbeforefiveo’clockyesterday.Wehaddonealotofpreparationswhentheguestscame.IhadbeenanursebeforeIenteredthemedicalcollege.到昨天10點時為止，我們已經做了許多的工作。在昨天5點以前這個引擎就已經被修好了。當客人到來的時候我們已經做好了充分的準備。在我進入醫科大學之前我就是一名護士了。1.過去某一個特定時間之前發生的事,常與by+過去時間點.(by到…止),bytheendof+過去時間點.(到……末為止),before+過去時間點.等連用。過去完成時的用法Ihadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineo’clocklastnight.WehadlearnedovertwothousandEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm.TheyhadplantedsixhundredtreesbeforelastFriday.構成：助動詞had+動詞的過去分詞（V.pp)用法：

過去完成時動詞表示過去某一時間或某一動作之前完成的動作或狀態。在強調過去某一動作發生在另一動作之前時。過去完成時：在強調過去某一個動作發生在另一個動作前常常用過去完成時態。1.他說他以前見過你。Hesaidthathe______________(see)youbefore.hadseen2.到六點鐘為止他們已經工作八小時了。Bysixo’clockthey______________(work)foreighthours.hadworked1.到昨晚上，他已寫完那封信。Byyesterdayeveninghe___________(write)thatletter.2.他說他以前見過你。Hesaidthathe____________(see)youbefore.3.當我進來時，他已做完了作業。WhenIcameinhe________________(finish)hishomework.過去完成時與bythen(截止到那時);by9o’clock(直到九點鐘)bytheendof…(在…結束/末之前);bythetime…(在…時之前);uptillthen(直到那時);upuntillastnight(直到昨晚）等連用，表示過去的過去。hadwrittenhadseenhadfinished1)He________(wash)alltheclothesby6:00thismorning.2)Bytheendoflastmonth,I________(read)threebooks.3)Bythe1987,he__________(work)inthisschool.Tips:當狀語從句中出現by、

bytheendof+過去的時間，主句一般用過去完成時hadwashed

hadread

hadworked

過去完成時和already,just,ever,yet等連用表示過去的過去。用法：例如：1.他告訴我說他們隊已經贏了。Hetoldmethathisteam_________already___________(win).hadwon2.她說她仍沒去過長城。Shesaidthatshe_______________(notgoto)theGreatWallyet.hadn’tbeento2.用于賓語從句中表示從句中動詞的動作或狀態發生于主句的過去式動詞的動作之前.Shefoundthatshehadbeenveryunwiseindealingwiththematter.Hegottotherailwaystationandsuddenlyrealizedthathehadforgottentobringhisticket.HesaidthathehadlearnedsomeEnglishbefore.

過去完成時的用法3.表示從過去某一時間開始一直延續到過去另一時間的動作或狀態。常與for(后跟段時間)或since(后跟點時間)等連用,如:

TheyhadlivedinGuangzhousince2004andlastmonth

,theymovedto

Shenzhen.

IhadnotseenmyfriendAmyforalongtime,soLastSundayIwentto

visither.過去完成時詞可以表示過去某一時刻之前發生的動作或呈現的狀態，這一動作一直持續或將繼續下去。Bysixo’clockthey____________(work)foreighthours.WhenIcametoGZ,he_____________(be)thereforalongtime.用法：1.到了六點鐘為止，他們已經工作了八小時了。2.我到廣州時，他在那里很長時間了。hadworkedhadbeen3.到上個月中旬我們在北京住了有五年時間了。Bythemiddleoflastmonthwe______________(live)inBeijingforfiveyears.hadlived4.在包含when,assoonas,before,after,until,等連詞的復合句中,如果主句謂語和從句謂語表示的過去動作是在不同時間發生的,那么先發生的動作通常需用過去完成時表示.WhenIwokeupithadalreadystoppedraining.Igottothestationafterthetrainhadleft.Ihadn’thadanyEnglishbeforeIcamehere.過去完成時的用法用法：過去完成時與when,before,assoonas,till/until等引導時間狀語的從句連用，強調動作發生的時間前后。例如：1.她到家之前她的孩子已經睡著了。Whenshegothomeherchildren____________(sleep).hadslept2.在他們到達之前電影已經開始了。Beforetheyarrivedherethefilm_________already___________(start).hadstartedLastnight,assoonasI_______________(finish)myworkIwenttosleep.3.我完成作業了就去睡覺了。hadfinished

Thethieves_______(run)away,whenthepolicearrived.Ihadbrushedmyteeth,beforehe______(get)up.WhenIwokeup,it__________(stop)raining.I__________(finish)myhomeworkbythetimeIhadsupper.Tips:主語+過去完成時+when/before/bythetime引導的從句（從句用———————）hadrun

gothadstopped

hadfinished一般過去時I__________(intend)togiveyoumorehomework,butIfoundthatyouweretobusy.We_________(hope)tocatchtheearlybus,butfounditwasgone.I__________(plan)thetrip,butitwascancelled(取消）finally.hadintendedhadhopedhadplanned5.表示意向的動詞，如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose,expect等，用過去完成時表示過去未曾實現的愿望或打算意圖，意味“原本….本來….”過去完成時的用法過去完成時用法例句表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經發生或者完成的動作.即:過去的過去發生或完成的動作.到上個星期為止,我們已經學了5首歌.We_________fivesongs_____________lastweek.我到的時候你已經開始玩了.You____already______playingwhenIgotthere.主+had+PPhadstartedhadlearntbytheendof1.He______inShanghaiUniversityforfouryearsbeforehe______Beijing.A.studied,hadgone

B.hadstudied,wentC.hasstudied,goes

D.hadstudied,hadgone他去北京之前在上大學學習了4年。在上海學習的動作發生在去北京之前，因此第一個空應用過去完成時。此題選B。例題分析2.Marysaiditwasatleastfiveyearssincehe______agooddrink.A.enjoyedB.wasenjoyingC.hadenjoyedD.wouldenjoy解析：

Itwas+時間段+since引導的從句中用過去完成時。應選C。3.XiaoPeisaidshe______Hainanfor3months.A.hasbeeninB.hadbeeninC.hadbeentoD.hadgoneto

解析：

小培說她去了海南三個月。Havebeento和havegoneto都是短暫性的動詞短語。所以適應表示狀態的havebeenin.應選B.1．I

lost

the

book

I

＿＿＿＿．

A．have

bought

B．had

bought

C．had

been

bought

2.The

bus

had

gone

when

I__the

bus

stop．

A．have

arrived

B．arrived

C．had

arrived3．Tom

＿

of

visiting

his

grandmother，but

the

bad

weather

made

him

change

his

mind．

A．has

thought

B．thought

C．had

thought

4．—Did

you

meet

Tom

at

the

airport？

—No，he

＿

by

the

time

I

＿

there．

A．has

left；got

B．had

left；arrived

C．left；arrived

5．I

＿

to

come

to

help

you．But

you

didn’t

come

A．have

meant

B．had

meant

C．meant

6．Finally

Mary

was

admitted

by

Beijing

Universityfor

which

she

＿

five

times．

A．had

tried

B．was

trying

C．has

tried

1.Hetoldmethathe(hear)ofthedoorbeforeIleft.

2.IreallyforgotifI(lock)thedoorbeforeIleft.

3.Bythetimewegottothestation,the

train(leave)already.

4.Bytheendoflastyear,they(collect)largenumbersofbottlesforrecycling.

hadheardhadlockedhadlefthadcollected1.We___________(learn)twothousandwordsbytheendoflastyear.

Canyoudoit?3.Whenwe_______(arrive)atthestation,they__________(wait)formorethantwentyminutes.

hadlearnedarrivedhadwaited2.I___________(know)himwhenIwasastudent.hadknown4.Oneofthemencouldn’tmove,becausehe__________(break)hislegs.

hadbroken

過去完成時的主要的一些句型1、主語+過去完成時+when引導的從句(從句謂語動詞為過去式)如Tom

was

surprised

that

most

of

the

guests

_____（leave)when

he

______(arrive)at

the

party.

hadleftarrived過去完成時常用句型：

2、主語+過去完成時+by短語。例如:

We_____four

thousand

new

words

by

the

end

of

last

year.

A.

had

learned

B.

have

learned

C.

learned

D.

will

have

learned

根據by短語中的last

year得知,正確選項為A。3、主語+過去完成時+by

the

time引導的從句(從句謂語動詞為過去式)。例如:

He

_________________(alreadybuild)hisownlabbythetimehe______(be)ten.

hadalreadybuiltwas4、主語+過去完成時+before引導的從句(從句謂語動詞為過去式)。例如:

He

__________(study)

English

for

five

years

before

he

______(come)

here.

hadstudiedcame5.This/Itwasthefirst/second….time+that從句（從句用過去完成時）Thatwasthesecondtimethatshe_________(see)hergrandfather.ItwasthesecondtimeI__________(visit)Shanghai.ThisisthefirsttimeI________(come)here.This/Itisthefirst/second……time+that從句（從句用現在完成時）hadseen

hadvisitedhavecomeThey

asked

me

to

have

a

drink

with

them.

Isaid

that

it

was

at

least

ten

years

since

I___a

good

drink.

A.

had

enjoyed

B.

was

enjoying

C.

enjoyed

D.

had

been

enjoying

正確答案為A。

6、It

was+時間+since+主語+過去完成時。7.主語+had+hardly+過去分詞+when+主語+一般過去時

主語＋had＋nosooner＋過去分詞＋than＋主語＋一般過去時”一….就…..”E.g:Theheadmaster______nosooner_____

intotheclassroomthanIbeganverynervous.Theheadmaster_____hardly______intotheclassroomwhenIbeganverynervous.Hardly

hadtheheadmastercomeintotheclassroomwhenIbeganverynervous.注意：hardly、nosooner放在句首，句子用部分倒裝hadcomehadcome在Nosooner…than…;Hardly(Scarcely)…when…一…就…的結構句中,前面的動詞多用過去完成時.Nosoonerhadhearrivedhomethanhewasaskedtostartonanotherjourney.ScarcelyhadIsatdownwhenhesteppedin.homework昨晚我吃過晚飯后就去上學了。2.他說他已經把以前學的英語單詞忘掉了3.醫生到時病人已經死掉了。4.我前幾天買的那塊表丟了。5.她昨天很興奮，此前她從沒有坐過飛機。6.我到現在還沒有去過日本。7當我到達音樂會的時侯，這名歌手已經離開了。8到昨天早上，他已經給我打了好幾個電話了。9我們本來希望去踢球的，可是整天都在下雨。10他說他這是第二次來中國。TranslatethemintoEnglishhomework11.等我吃完飯了，新聞已經演完了。12.當我聽到媽媽叫我的時候，我知道我又睡過了。13.到了學校之后，我發現我把書落在家里了。等我到了，汽車已經走了。15.他打電話的時候，我已經寫完作業了。注意:不要將過去完成的動作純粹就理解為用過去完成時,因為這樣必然會在該用一般過去時的地方誤用過去完成時.應當記住:過去完成時是一個相對的時態.表示的是過去的過去,只有在和過去某時或某動作比較時才用到.時間現在過去某時或另一過去動作更早的動作(用過去完成時)過去完成時與一般過去時的比較1.一般過去時表示在過去某個時間發生的動作或存在的狀態；而過去完成時表示在過去某一時間之前完成的動作。Wegottothestationat8:00,butthetrainhadleft.我們八點到達車站，但火車已開走了。Wegottothestationat8:00,butthetrainleftat7:30.我們八點到達車站，但火車七點半就開走了。

WhenIarrivedhome,Myparentshadhaddinner.我到家時，我父母已吃過飯了。

WhenIarrivedhome,wehaddinnertogether.我一到家，我們就一起吃飯。

2.時間狀語不同：過去完成時在時間上強調“過去的過去”；而一般過去時只強調過去某一特定的時間。試比較：

Theyhadarrivedatthestationbytenyesterday.Theyarrivedatthestationattenyesterday.

3.在沒有明確的過去時間狀語作標志時，謂語動詞動作發生的時間先后須依據上下文來判斷：先發生的用過去完成時，后發生的則用一般過去時。如：

Shewasveryhappy.Herwholefamilywerepleasedwithher,too.Shehadjustwonthefirstinthecompositioncompetition.4.當兩個或兩個以上接連發生的動作用and或but連接時，按時間順序，只需用一般過去時來代替過去完成時；另外，在before，after，assoonas引導的從句中，由于這些連詞本身已經表示出時間的先后，因此也可以用過去時來代替過去完成時。

Heenteredtheroom,turnedonthelightandreadaneveningpaper.I(had)calledherbeforeIlefttheoffice.1.Tomwasdisappointedthatmostoftheguests______whenhe______attheparty.A.left；hadarrivedB.left；arrivedC.hadleft,hadarrivedD.hadleft,arrived

2.We______fourthousandnewwordsbytheendoflastyear.A.hadlearnedB.havelearnedC.learnedD.willhavelearned解析：正確答案為D。guests先離開，Tom后到達。

解析：根據by短語中的lastyear得知是到去年年末，正確選項為A

3.Johnhadtohavehiscarrepairedinagarage(車庫）

becauseit______seriously.AdamagedBwasbeingdamagedChaddamagedDhadbeendamaged解析：D。根據hadto可知修車發生在過去，車子損壞嚴重發生在此之前，即“過去的過去”，再根據“車子”與“毀壞”為被動關系，故用過去完成時被動語態。4.DidAlanenjoyseeinghisoldfriendsyesterday?Yes,hedid.He_______hisoldfriendsforalongtime.Adidn’tseeBwouldn’tseeChasn’tseenDhadn’tseen解析：D。根據句中的did和yesterday，可知艾倫昨天看到了他的老朋友們，那么“很長時間沒有看到老朋友了”肯定發生在這之前，即“過去的過去”，故用過去完成時。1.Afterhe______________(finish)hisworkhewentout.hadfinished2.Thechildrenranawayafterthey___________(break)thewindow.hadbroken3.IwenttoTom’shousebuthe__________(go)out.hadgoneExercises:4.Annietoldmethathisfather_______(go)toParisandhe_____(come)backinafewdays.hadgonewouldcome5.Myfriend_______(buy)thecartwoyearsago.He_________(buy)itfortwoyears.boughthashadBythetimeIgotup,mybrotheralready(have)hisbreakfast.2.BythetimeIgottothestation,thebusalready(leave).3.WhenIgottoschool,IrealizedI(leave)mybagathome.hadhadhadhadleftleftPractice:4.

Hedidn’tgotothecinemabecausehe_________(see)themovietwice.5.Bytheendoflastyear,theworkers__________(build)threebuildings.6.She___________(work)onthefarmforthreeyearsbeforeshebecameateacher.hadseenhadbuilthadworked7.Shehadtomakealivingherselfbecauseherparents_________(die).8.People_____________(catch)thethiefbeforethepoliceman_______(arrive).9.I________(cut)themeatintopiecesbeforemymother________(start)cooking.haddiedhadcutstartedhadcaughtarrived

現在完成時表示的動作發生在過去，但側重對現在產生的結果或造成的影響，與現在有關；過去完成時則是一個相對的時態，它所表示的動作不僅發生在過去，更強調“過去的過去”，只有和過去某時或某動作相比較時，才用到它。試比較：

過去完成時與現在完成時的區別

Ihavelearned1000Englishwordssofar.到目前為止我已經學會了1000個英語單詞。Ihadlearned1000Englishwordstillthen.到那時為止我已經學會了1000個英語單詞。—I'msorrytokeepyouwaiting.—Oh,notatall.Ihavebeenhereonlyafewminutes.沒什么，我只等了幾分鐘。（“等”的動作從過去某一時間點持續到現在）—Johnreturnedhomeyesterday.約翰昨天回到家的。—Wherehadhebeen?他去哪兒了？（答語中使用過去完成時是指約翰在returnedhome之前去了哪些地方，即“過去的過去”）1.ThepenI______I______isonmydesk，rightundermynose.A.think；lostB.thought；hadlostC.think,hadlostD.thought；havelost2.——Doyouknowourtownatall?

——No，thisisthefirsttimeI______here.

A.was

B.havebeen

C.came

D.hadbeen解析：正確答案為B。“丟筆”是在“認為”之前發生的動作。解析：正確答案為B.屬于現在完成時的固定句型。1.WhatwereyoudoingwhenTonyphonedyou?Ihadjustfinishedmyworkand_totakeashower.(2004天津)A.hadstartedB.startedC.havestartedD.wasstartingPractice2.YouwereoutwhenIdroppedinatyourhouse.Oh,I_____forafriendfromEnglandattheairport.(2004福建)A.waswaitingB.hadwaitedC.amwaitingD.havewaited3.—GeorgeandLucygotmarriedlastweek.Didyougototheirwedding?—No,I__.Didtheyhaveabigwedding?(2004湖北)A.wasnotinvitedB.hadn’tbeeninvitedC.havenotbeeninvitedD.didn’tinvite4.Tomwasdisappointedthatmostoftheguests___whenhe___attheparty.(1989MET)A.left;hadarrivedB.left;arrivedC.hadleft;hadarrivedD.hadleft;arrived5.Thenewsecretaryissupposedtoreporttothemanagerassoonasshe____.(1990MET)A.willarriveB.arrivesC.isarrivingD.isgoingtoarrive6.Wecouldhavewalkedtothestation,itwassonear.Yes.Ataxi____atallnecessary.(1992MET)A.wasn’tB.hadbeenC.wouldn’tbeD.won’tbe7.Atthistimetomorrow____overtheAtlantic.(2003北京)A.we’regoingtoflyB.we’llbeflyingC.we’llflyD.we’retofly8.Haveyoufinishedyourhomework,Mary?No.I____mymotherinthekitchenalldayyesterday.A.washelpingB.helpedC.havehelpedD.hadhelped9.WhatwereyoudoingwhenIphonedyoulastnight?I____mypaintingandwasstartingtotakeabath.A.havealreadyfinishedB.wasfinishedC.hadjustfinishedD.wasgoingtofinish10.Tomsaidhe____toher,buthe____yet.A.willwrite;didn’tB.haswritten;hasn’tC.wasgoingto;write;wasn’tD.wouldwrite;hasn’t11.ItisthesecondtimethatI___inShanghai.WhatgreatchangeshavetakenplaceinShanghai!ItistenyearssinceI____itlasttime.A.havebeen;leftB.hadbeen;leftC.havebeen;hadleftD.went;hadleft2、Fillintheblankswithcorrecttenses.1）.FilmmakerDavidMorris_________(be)interestedinthecinemasincehe______(be)asmallchild.2）.Thestudents___________(catch)thethiefbeforethepolicemencame.hasbeenwashadcaught3).Janelovestravelling,Herwork________(take)herallovertheworld.She________(be)toAfrica,India,Australia,ChinaandSouthAmerica.4).ThehousewasveryquietwhenIgothome.Everybody________(go)tobed.hastakenhasbeenhadgone5.They____________(buy)ahouseontheislandin1987andthey__________(live)theresincethen.6.Andrew__________(do)thetestbefore,sohefounditveryeasy.7.Therewasacarbythesideoftheroad,It_________(break)down.Sowe________(stop)toseeifwecouldhelp.boughthavelivedhaddonehadbrokenstoppedhomework改錯題1.Ihavebeenwritingfivelettersthismorning.2.IremembermyfatherhasseenLuXuntwiceintheyear1925.3.HehasbeentoYan’anin1936.4.Hedidn’tgotoBaidaihethissummerbecauseheWenttherebefore.5.LiMingwaslivedinShanghaitenyearsago.6.Shewillhavetoldyouthenewswhenyouaskherto.7.WhenIgottothestationIfoundthetrainleftalready.8.Everybodyknowhimtobeagoodman.9WhyisXiaoLiabsenttoday?Hewasill.10Willyoupleaselendmetheknifeyouusejustnow?11Wherehaveyougoneto?12Theyhavelearnedalotaftertheycamehere.13Hehadfinishedthejobthreedaysago.14Dosehisgrandmastillliving?No,sheisdied.15WhenIcalledtoseehim,hehasgonetoShanghai.16Thisstoryhashappenedlong,longago.

17Theywenttobeduntiltheyhaddoneallthework.18Itwasrainedveryhardlastnight.19Howmanypageshaveyoubeenreading?20Bythetimehegothomehismotherwenttobedalready.homework昨晚我吃過晚飯后就去上學了。

Lastnight,IwenttoschoolafterIhadhadmysupper.2.他說他已經把以前學的英語單詞忘掉了。

HesaidthathehadforgottentheEnglishwords.

醫生到時病人已經死掉了。（patient）我前幾天買的那塊表丟了。她昨天很興奮，此前