試題PAGE1試題2024北京豐臺高一（下）期末英語考生須知:1.答題前,考生務必先將答題卡上的學校、班級、姓名、教育ID號用黑色字跡簽字筆填寫清楚,并認真核對條形碼上的教育ID號、姓名,在答題卡的“條形碼粘貼區”貼好條形碼。2.本次練習所有答題均在答題卡上完成。選擇題必須使用2B鉛筆以正確填涂方式將各小題對應選項涂黑,如需改動,用橡皮擦除干凈后再選涂其它選項。非選擇題必須使用標準黑色字跡簽字筆書寫,要求字體工整、字跡清楚。3.請嚴格按照答題卡上題號在相應答題區內作答,超出答題區域書寫的答案無效,在練習卷、草稿紙上答題無效。4.本練習卷滿分共100分,作答時長90分鐘。筆試（共三部分100分）第一部分知識運用（共兩節,30分）第一節（共10小題;每小題1.5分,共15分）閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Tenyearsago,IhadjuststartedmyfirstjobasaMedicalRepresentativeinasmalltowninIndia—butwas___1___everymomentofit.Ihadthe___2___topromoteandgetsalesregardlessofwhethertherewasaneedformydrugsornot.Tomakemattersworse,Iwas___3___frommyoriginalplanofpursuing(追求)aPh.Dinbiology.Allthesethoughtswerecrowdingthroughmymind,asIwasdrivingmyscooteraroundthetownvisitingonedoctorafteranother.Atoneofthetrafficlights,Ihitaredandhadtowaitforthesignaltoturngreen.Inoticedthattherewasahugerocklyingnearthesquare—aresultofsomebody’scarelessness.Yetnobodythoughtit___4___togetoutofthevehiclesandmovetherocktotheedgeoftheroadwhereitwouldlie,harmless.SuddenlyInoticedayoungkidcrawlinghiswayacrosstheothersideoftheroad.Hemusthavehadaseriousinfectionofpolio(小兒麻痹癥)whenhewasababy.Hewascrawlingonbothhishandsand___5___hisbodybehindhim.Thisguycameuptotherockwithalookonhisfaceshowingthathedidnotbelieveinhishandicap(殘疾).Hewaslookingatthatrockwith___6___—asifsayingtothestone“Youareaninstrumentofmywill.”He___7___topushtherocktothesideoftheroad.Icanneverforgetthatlookofprideonhisface,showingthathehas___8___somethingthatable-bodiedpeoplelikemewereavoidingdoing.Andlookingatthiskidforthisbrieftime,IwasremindedhowsmallmytroubleswereinrespecttohisandhowmuchIwasworryingaboutthem.SincethenIhavenever___9___.IdidpursuemydreamoffinishingaPh.Dinthebiologicalsciences.Tothatunknownmessengerofhopeand____10____,thisistheovation(鼓掌)Iwishtogive—thoughbelatedly.1A.expecting B.regretting C.missing D.wondering2.A.pressure B.desire C.pleasure D.chance3.A.passing B.developing C.departing D.starting4.A.difficult B.dangerous C.possible D.worthwhile5.A.dragging B.shaping C.lifting D.folding6.A.anxiety B.determination C.confusion D.amazement7.A.planned B.failed C.learnt D.managed8.A.recalled B.considered C.preserved D.accomplished9.A.calmeddown B.givenup C.brokenin D.workedout10.A.cooperation B.generosity C.courage D.enthusiasm第二節（共10小題;每小題1.5分,共15分）閱讀下列短文,根據短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當的單詞,在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。請在答題卡指定區域作答。A閱讀下列短文，根據短文內容或括號內所給詞的恰當形式填空。In2023,13.9millionpeople___11___(visit)theSpain’sCanaryIslands—that’ssixtimesmorethanthenumberofpeoplewhoactuallylivethere.Localssaytheyarenot___12___alltourismbecauseitcreatesjobsandmoney,buttheywanttheirgovernmenttoputalimitonthenumberoftourists.Theythinkthegovernmentshouldworkouthowmanytouristscanbesupported,sothattheCanariescanbecomeanexampleof___13___(sustain)tourism.B閱讀下列短文，根據短文內容或括號內所給詞的恰當形式填空。Inspring,thousandsofbirdsflynorthtobreedinSiberia.Somebirdseatgrassshoots___14___starttogrowatthebeginningoftheseason.Thisfoodsourceisonlyavailableforafewweeksandrisingtemperatures___15___(cause)byclimatechangecansometimesmakethegrassgrowearlierthanusual.Thismeansthatsomebirdsarearrivingtoolatetoeatthegrass,___16___(leave)themwithoutafoodsource.Asmoreandmorelandisusedforfarming,thenaturalwetlands___17___birdsliketosearchforfoodaredisappearingtoo.C閱讀下列短文，根據短文內容或括號內所給詞的恰當形式填空。DylanAllman,aged18,recentlyreceivedanawardforhisworktoprotecthedgehogs(刺猬).Theaward___18___(go)toinspiringpeoplewhomakechangesintheircommunity.Allman’smissionstartedfouryearsago___19___hebecameinterestedinthenumberofhedgehogsinhisgarden.Earlierthisyear,helaunchedaprogram,inwhichateamofvolunteersrescuedinjuredhedgehogsinpartsofWales.Allmanalsovisitedschoolstoteachpeopleabouthedgehogsandraisedmoney___20___(support)animalrescuecenters.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節,38分）第一節（共14小題;每小題2分,共28分）閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。A2024HarvardWinterPrograminShanghai,ChinaThecityofShanghaihasbroughttogetherdiversepeoples,cultures,andeconomiesfromvariouspartsofChinaandaroundtheworld.Blendingculturalstudieswithsocialsciences,2024HarvardWinterPrograminShanghai,Chinawillhelpyouunderstandthecity.Programdates:November8,2024toDecember21,2024Applyby:August25,2024ProgramStructureThissix-weekprogramincludestwocoursesonShanghai’sculturalhistoryandeconomicdevelopmentexperiences.Youstarteachweekwithtwodaysofseminars(研討會)designedtoletyouseeShanghaidifferently.OnWednesdaysandThursdays,thegroupmovestoafieldsiteforahands-onresearchpracticum(實踐操作課)incompanies,governmentoffices,andcommunities.Overtheweekend,youtryyourownhandsatexploringthecityanditseconomy,workingoncreativeprojectsand/orresearchpapers,withaflexiblefinalprojectformatthataccommodatesstudentpriorities.Theprogramcountsastwosemester-longcoursesofdegreecredit(學分),4creditseach.BothprogramcoursescancounttowardsEastAsianStudiescredit.AccommodationsYouwillliveinanon-campushotelinoneofChina’smostdistinguishedacademicinstitutions.Hotelservicesincludewi-fi,dailyhousekeeping,safeforstorageofvaluables,cafeteriaandgym.Apartfromallthepracticalconveniencesofastudentdistrict,thecampusalsoofferslibraryaccessandwillbeanidealbaseforyourcreativeandresearchprojects.ApplicationToapply,youmust:?Beatleast18yearsold?Havecompletedatleastoneyearofcollege?BeingoodacademicstandingStudentsenrolledatanyuniversityarewelcometoapply.TheWinter2024applicationwillbeavailableinearlyJuly.Eachprogramhasuniquerequirementsincludedintheonlineapplication.Beginningyourapplicationearlyisthebestwaytoensurethatyouhavesufficienttimetoreviewandcompletetheapplicationrequirementsbythedeadline.Ifyouhavequestionsabouttheapplication,pleasecontacttheHarvardStudyAbroadOfficebyemailatwinterabroad@.21.Ifyoutake2024HarvardWinterProgram,you_________.A.willliveinahotelnearHarvardcampus B.willspendtwelvedaysintotalonseminarsC.canget4creditstowardsEastAsianStudies D.mustcompletearesearchpaperforaproject22.Ifyouwanttoapplyforthisprogram,youmust_________.A.beahighschoolseniorB.havereceivedhands-ontrainingChaveworkexperienceincompaniesD.finishnolessthanoneyearofcollege23.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Tostressthevalueoftakingawinterprogram.B.Toattractmorepeopletoapplyforawinterprogram.C.ToshareamemorableexperienceatHarvardUniversity.D.TointroducerequirementsforafinalprojectatHarvardUniversity.B“Abirdwithabrokenwingwillneverflyashigh.”I’msurethatT.J.Warewasmadetofeelthiswayalmosteverydayinschool.Byhighschool,T.J.wasthemostcelebratedtroublemakerinhistown.Hewasalwaysimpolite,didn’tanswerquestionsandgotintolotsoffights.ImetT.J.forthefirsttimeataweekendleadershipprogram.Atthestartoftheprogram,T.J.wasliterallystandingoutsidethecircleofstudentswiththat“goahead,impressme”lookonhisface.Theicereallymelted(融化)whenthegroupsstartedbuildingalistofpositiveandnegativethingsthatoccurredatschoolthatyear.T.J.hadbrilliantthoughtsonthosesituations.TheotherstudentsinT.J.’sgroupwelcomedhiscomments.AllofasuddenT.J.feltlikeapartofthegroup,andbeforelonghewasbeingtreatedlikealeader.Thenextfollowingdays,T.J.wasveryactiveinallthesessions.LaterhejoinedtheHomelessProjectteam.Heknewsomethingaboutpoverty,hungerandhopelessness.Theotherstudentsontheteamwereimpressedwithhispassionateconcernandideas.Bytheendoftheprogram,thestudentselectedT.J.co-chairmanoftheteam.Manypeoplecouldn’tbelievethattheprincipal(校長)wouldallowthiscrucialbeginningtoathree-yearactionplantostayintheincapablehandsofT.J.Ware.Twoweekslater,T.J.andhisfriendsledagroupof70studentsinadrivetocollectfood.Theycollectedaschoolrecord:2,854cansoffoodinjusttwohours.Asthelocalnewspapercoveredtheeventwithafullarticle,T.J.startedshowingupatschooleverydayandansweredquestionsfromteachersforthefirsttime.Later,heledasecondproject,yielding9,000cansoffoodinonedayandtakingcareof70percentoftheneededfoodforthehomelessshelterforoneyear.T.J.remindsusthatabirdwithabrokenwingonlyneedsmending.Butonceithashealed,itcanflyhigherthantherest.T.J.gotajob.Hebecameproductive.Heisflyingquitenicelythesedays.24.Atfirst,whatwasT.J.knownforinthetown?A.Misbehaviorandrudeness. B.Popularityinhisgroup.C.Pooracademicperformance. D.Activenessinclassdiscussion.25.WhatchangedT.J.’sattitudetowardstheprogram?A.Gettingsupportfromtheprincipal. B.JoiningtheHomelessProjectteam.C.Beingtheco-chairmanoftheteam. D.Gaininggroupmembers’recognition.26.Whatcanbelearntfromthestory?A.Liketeacher,likepupil. B.Neverfishintroubledwater.C.Donotjudgeabookbyitscover. D.Birdsofafeatherflocktogether.CForyears,scientistshavebeentryingtofigureoutwhether“brainworkouts”suchaspuzzles(字謎)andonlinecognitivegamescouldstrengthenourmindsandslowtheprocessofaging.Now,astudyhasfoundthatregularlyattemptingacrosswordmayhelpslowdeclineinsomepeoplewithmildcognitiveimpairment(障礙),anearlystageoffalteringmemorythatcansometimesprogresstodementia(癡呆癥).Whilethestudydidn'tinvestigatewhethercrosswordsbenefityoungeradultswhoarenotdealingwithcognitivedecline,itsuggeststhatkeepingyourmindactiveasyouagemaybenefityourbrain.Andtheresearchoffershopetothosediagnosedwithmildcognitiveimpairmentthattheymaybeabletostaveofffurtherdeclinesinthememory,languageproblemsanddecision-makingthatarethehallmarkofthecondition.TheAmericanAcademyofNeurologyestimatesthatmildcognitiveimpairmentaffectsabout8percentofpeopleages65to69;10percentofpeopleages70to74;15percentofpeopleages75to79;25percentofthoseages80to84;andabout37percentofpeople85andolder.Theresearch,whichwasfundedbytheNationalInstituteonAging,recruited107adultsages55to95withmildcognitiveimpairment.For12weeks,theywereallaskedtoplayoneoftwotypesofgames,fourtimesaweek—spendingeither30minutesonLumosity,apopularcognitivetrainingplatform,or30minutesattemptingadigitalcrossword.After12weeks,theparticipantswerereevaluatedandgiven"booster"dosesofgameplaysixmoretimesduringthe78-weekexperiment.Bytheendofthestudy,participantsweregivenstandardassessmentsusedtomeasurecognitivedecline,andfriendsandfamilyreportedontheirday-to-dayfunctioning.MRIscansalsowereusedtomeasurebrainvolumechanges.Researchersfoundthatinkeymeasurements—cognitivedeclinescores,functionalskillsandbrainvolumechanges—theregularcrosswordplayersfaredbetterthanthegameplayers.Thefindingsurprisedthescientistsbehindthestudywhohadexpectedthatchallengingweb-basedbraingames,whichwerespecificallydesignedtoboostcognitivefunction,wouldofferthemostbenefit.“Ourstudyshowsthatinpeoplewithmildcognitiveimpairment,crosswordpuzzlesbeatthecomputerizedgamesonmultiplemetrics,”saidMuraliDoraiswamy,aco-authorofthestudy.“So,ifyouhavemildcognitiveimpairment,whichisdifferentfromnormalaging,thentherecommendationwouldbetokeepyourbrainactivewithcrosswordpuzzles.”Peoplewithhigherdegreesofcognitiveimpairmentappearedtobenefitthemostfromdoingthecrossword,whichwasdesignedtobeamoderatelydifficultpuzzlecomparabletotheThursdaygame.Thestudyhaslimitations.Someoftheparticipantsmayhavejustbeenmorefamiliarwithcrosswordsandthat'swhytheyrespondedbettertothepuzzlesthantoLumosity'scomputergames.Moreyearsoffollow-upalsoareneededtodeterminewhetherinterventionssuchascrosswordpuzzlescan“trulypreventdementia,”Doraiswamysaid.27.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"staveoff"inParagraph3probablymean?A.Promote. B.Prevent. C.Experience. D.Cause.28.Paragraph4iswrittento_________.A.showaconcerningcondition B.comparedifferentgroupsC.presentreal-lifeexamples D.proveanassumption29.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.One'sdegreeofcognitiveimpairmentdependsonhowoldheis.B.Solvingcrosswordpuzzlesisarecommendationtoelderlypeople.C.Theefficiencyofpuzzlesinpreventingdementiahasbeenproved.D.Crosswords'effectsarelinkedtohowseriouscognitiveimpairmentis.30.Whatmakesthefindingsofthestudyfarfromconclusive?A.Thelackofvariables. B.Theweaknessesofassessments.C.Theinsufficiencyoftimespan. D.Thesubjects'preferenceforgames.DAPerspectivearticlepublishedinNaturethisweeksaysthatAIsystemsposeafurtherrisk:thatresearchersenvisionsuchtoolsaspossessedofsuperhumanabilitieswhenitcomestoobjectivity,productivityandunderstandingcomplexconcepts.ScientistsplanningtouseAI“mustevaluatetheserisksnow,whileAIapplicationsarestillnascent(未成熟的),becausetheywillbemuchmoredifficulttoaddressifAItoolsbecomedeeplyembeddedintheresearchpipeline”,writeco-authorsLisaMesseriandMollyCrockett.Inthisarticle,MesseriandCrockettputtogetherapictureofthewaysinwhichscientistsseeAIsystemsasenhancinghumancapabilities.Inone‘vision’,whichtheycallAIasOracle,researchersseeAItoolsasabletotirelesslyreadanddigestscientificpapers,andsosurveythescientificliteraturemoreexhaustivelythanpeoplecan.InbothOracleandanothervision,calledAIasArbiter,systemsareperceivedasevaluatingscientificfindingsmoreobjectivelythandopeople,becausetheyarelesslikelytocherry-picktheliteraturetosupportadesiredhypothesisortoshowfavouritisminpeerreview.Inathirdvision,AIasQuant,AItoolsseemtosurpassthelimitsofthehumanmindinanalyzingvastandcomplexdata.Inthefourth,AIasSurrogate,AItoolssimulate(模擬)datathataretoodifficultorcomplextoobtain.Informedbyanthropologyandcognitivescience,MesseriandCrockettpredictrisksthatarisefromthesevisions.Oneistheillusionofexplanatorydepth,inwhichpeoplerelyingonanotherperson—or,inthiscase,analgorithm—forknowledgehaveatendencytomistakethatknowledgefortheirownandthinktheirunderstandingisdeeperthanitactuallyis.AnotherriskisthatresearchbecomesskewedtowardsstudyingthekindsofthingthatAIsystemscantest—theresearcherscallthistheillusionofexploratorybreadth.Forexample,insocialscience,thevisionofAIasSurrogatecouldencourageexperimentsinvolvinghumanbehaviorsthatcanbesimulatedbyanAI—anddiscouragethoseonbehaviorsthatcannot,suchasanythingthatrequiresbeingembodiedphysically.There’salsotheillusionofobjectivity,inwhichresearchersseeAIsystemsasrepresentingallpossibleviewpointsornothavingaviewpoint.Infact,thesetoolsreflectonlytheviewpointsfoundinthedatatheyhavebeentrainedon,andareknowntoadoptthebiases(偏見)foundinthosedata.“There’sariskthatweforgetthattherearecertainquestionswejustcan’tanswerabouthumanbeingsusingAItools,”saysCrockett.Theillusionofobjectivityisparticularlyworryinggiventhebenefitsofincludingdiverseviewpointsinresearch.Ifyou’reascientistplanningtouseAI,youcanreducethesedangersthroughanumberofstrategies.Oneistomapyourproposedusetooneofthevisions,andconsiderwhichtrapsyouaremostlikelytofallinto.AnotherapproachistobedeliberateabouthowyouuseAI.DeployingAItoolstosavetimeonsomethingyourteamalreadyhasexpertiseinislessriskythanusingthemtoprovideexpertiseyoujustdon’thave,saysCrockett.31.AccordingtoParagraph2,whichmightscientistsagreewith?A.Humanintelligencecan’tbeovershadowedinanalyzingdata.B.PrejudicehasbeenruledoutbyAItoolsinscientificevaluation.C.Studieswithdesiredhypothesisareusuallyfavoredinpeerreview.D.AIcanconductarelativelythoroughoverviewofthepriorresearch.32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“skewed”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Declining. B.Partial. C.Dynamic. D.Irrelevant.33.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.RelyingonAItofillgapsintheteam’sknowledgeismuchpreferable.B.AIisn’tlimitedtotheoutlookandbiasespresentwithinitstrainingdata.C.InstantactionsmustbetakentorateAI’srisksbeforeitisfullyintegratedintoresearch.D.UserscountingheavilyonAItendtounderestimatetheirinsightofaconcept.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.ACallforConsideredUseofAIinScienceB.TheUnseenBiasesofAIinSocialScienceC.AI’sRoleinEnhancingHumanExpertiseD.HowAIIsShapingScientificDiscovery第二節（共5小題;每小題2分,共10分）根據短文內容,從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Howobjectiveareyou?Howoftenareyouover-reactingtosituations,takingthingspersonallyorjudgingpeopleunfairly?Wealldothisatsometimeoranother.___35___Understress,mostofusdrawsolelyonourpastexperiencesandbiases,whichcloudourabilitytoseethingsclearlyandmakesoundjudgments.Moreover,ourdesiretosucceedisoftensostrong,that,undertheseintensecircumstances,ourlimitingmentalmodelstendtogetinourway,creatingevenmorestressandcausingustoreactinwaysthatwemayregret.Ourabilitytobeobjectivedependsonourwillingnesstoquestionourmentalmodels,thelensthroughwhichweperceive,interpretandrespondtoourworld.Ifourmentalmodelsareincorrect,thenourunderstandingofwhatisgoingonandourresponsetoit,areoftenincorrect.___36___Thegoodnewsisthatwithpracticewecaninterruptourautomaticreactions,andchooseadifferentresponse.Eachtimewedothis,wearere-wiringourneuralnetworkbycreatingnewpathwaysbasedonnewmodels:newwaysofperceivingandrespondingtoourworld.___37___Oneofthemostpowerfulmentalmodeltransformationcatalysts(催化劑)isnewknowledgeorlogicthatchallengeoldwaysofthinking.___38___They’veusuallybeenwithusawhile,sowetendtotrustthem.Formostofus,wehaveneverbeentaughtaboutmentalmodelsandhowtoevaluatethemtodetermineiftheyarehelpfulorharmful.Totransformunproductivementalmodels,wemustchangeourmind!Wehavetodecide,throughourownlogicandreason,whetherourwayofseeingtheworldisnolongervalidforus.___39___Itisinthewakeofthisnewknowledgethattransformationtakesplace.Atthatmoment,asetofnewconnectionsiscreatedinthebrain.It’sthesenewconnectionsthathavethepotentialtoenhanceourmentalresourcestohelpustransformlimitingmentalmodels.A.Wecanactuallylearntothinksmarter!B.Anobjectiveleadermustjudgeandtreatpeoplefairly.C.Thisrequiresthatwebeopentonewknowledgeandreasoning.D.Thekeyistoacceptaproblemasitoccursandnottakeitpersonally.E.Thisiswhywesometimesmisjudgesituationsandtakethingspersonally.F.Aswehaveseen,mentalmodelsaredeep—rootedbeliefswetendtoholdonto.G.Thechallengeisthatwhenweareunderpressure,wetendtobelessobjective.第三部分書面表達（共兩節,32分）第一節（共12小題;共12分）閱讀下面文段,在設空處填入恰當的單詞。請在答題卡指定區域作答。40.Withtheprogressofnewmedicalresearch,I’m_____________thatpeoplelikemewouldbeabletowalkagainoneday.（根據句意填空）41.Withstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandthetireless_____________ofthecity’speople,anewTangshanwasbuiltupontheearthquakeruins.（用適當的詞填空）42.Soonafter,however,problemscameupandthe“whitebikes”all_____________—thievesstolethemallinamatterofweeks!（用適當的詞填空）43.Untilhepassedawayin1961,Meihadbeenperformingandencouragingthe__________ofPekingOperaforalmost60years.(根據句意填空)44.Ofcoursetherearestillenvironmentalrisks.However,theseshouldbebalancedwitheconomicneeds.Hopefully,astechnologyimproves,wemayhavemore________thisbalance.(根據句意填空)45.Bike-sharingisacheapandeasywaytosaveenergy,reduceairandnoisepollution,andenjoythe_____________ofexerciseincities.（用適當的詞填空）46.Whenacquiringnewknowledge,I’lltrytomake_____________withwhatIhavealreadylearnt.（根據句意單詞拼寫）47.Iamproudthatwebuiltour“impossible”railway,anddidsowiththecarethattheenvironment_____________.(用適當的詞填空)48.XieLeichosetolivewithahostfamily,whocanhelpwithher_____________tothenewenvironment.（用適當詞填空）49.TheorganizationiscalledRoots&Shootsbecauserootsmoveslowlyunderthegroundtomakeafirm_____________,andshootsseemsmallandweak,buttheycanbreakopenbrickwallstoreachthelight.（用適當的詞填空）50.Butperhapswhatismostsignificantisthewayinwhichpeoplehaveworkedin_____________withnaturetomaketheseterracesandgrowrice.(根據句意填空)51._____________withpeoplefromdiverseculturalbackgroundshelpsusviewtheworldfromdifferentangles.（用適當的詞填空）第二節（20分）52.假設你是紅星中學高一學生李華。你校公眾號英語欄目正舉辦主題為“用英語講中國故事”的征文活動。請你寫一篇短文投稿，介紹能代表中國形象的優秀人物事跡、傳統藝術形式或獨特的自然人文景觀，并闡釋其能代表中國形象的原因。習作要求主題鮮明、細節描述能體現主題；語言準確得體；詞數100左右。___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

參考答案筆試（共三部分100分）第一部分知識運用（共兩節,30分）第一節（共10小題;每小題1.5分,共15分）【答案】1.B2.A3.C4.D5.A6.B7.D8.D9.B10.C【導語】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述的是一位醫療代表在殘疾小孩的勇氣和希望激勵下，重新找回自我價值和追求夢想的故事。【1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：十年前，我剛開始我的第一份工作，在印度的一個小鎮擔任醫療代表——但我每時每刻都在后悔。A.expecting期待；B.regretting后悔；C.missing錯過；D.wondering想知道。根據下文“topromoteandgetsalesregardlessofwhethertherewasaneedformydrugsornot”可知，作者很后悔干這個工作，因為無論是否有人需要作者的藥，作者都需要推銷。故選B。【2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：不管我的藥是否有需求，我都有推銷和銷售的壓力。A.pressure壓力；B.desire渴望；C.pleasure快樂；D.chance機會。根據下文“topromoteandgetsalesregardlessofwhethertherewasaneedformydrugsornot”可知，作者面臨的是推銷和銷售藥的壓力。故選A。【3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：更糟糕的是，我偏離了攻讀生物學博士學位的原計劃。A.passing經過；B.developing發展；C.departing離開；D.starting開始。根據上文“Tomakemattersworse”可知，作者沒能按原計劃讀生物學博士學位，departfrom是固定短語，意為“背離”。故選C。【4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，沒有人認為值得下車，把石頭搬到路邊，這樣它就可以安然無恙地躺在那里了。A.difficult困難的；B.dangerous危險的；C.possible可能的；D.worthwhile值得的。根據下文“getoutofthevehiclesandmovetherocktotheedgeoftheroadwhereitwouldlie,harmless”可知，沒有人會覺得把石頭搬到路邊是值得的。故選D。【5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他用雙手匍匐著，身子拖在身后。A.dragging拖；B.shaping塑造；C.lifting舉起；D.folding折疊。根據上文“Hewascrawlingonbothhishands”可知，他用雙手爬，所以是拖著自己的身體。故選A。【6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他堅定地望著那塊石頭，仿佛在對那塊石頭說：“你是我意志的工具。”A.anxiety焦慮；B.determination決心；C.confusion困惑；D.amazement驚詫，驚奇。根據下文“Youareaninstrumentofmywill”可知，那個孩子很堅定地望著石頭。故選B。【7題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他設法把那塊石頭推到路邊。A.planned計劃；B.failed失敗；C.learnt學習；D.managed設法做到。根據下文“Icanneverforgetthatlookofprideonhisface”可知，那個孩子是設法把石頭搬到了路邊，所以臉上才會有自豪。故選D。【8題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我永遠不會忘記他臉上的驕傲，這表明他已經完成了像我這樣健全的人避免做的事情。A.recalled回想起；B.considered考慮；C.preserved保護；D.accomplished完成。根據上文“He___7__topushtherocktothesideoftheroad”可知，那個孩子設法把石頭搬到了路邊，所以是完成了健全人避免做的事情。故選D。【9題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：從那以后，我再也沒有放棄過。A.calmeddown平靜下來；B.givenup放棄；C.brokenin闖入；D.workedout解決。根據下文“IdidpursuemydreamoffinishingaPh.Dinthebiologicalsciences”可知，作者追逐自己的夢想，所以是沒有放棄。故選B。【10題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：對于這位不為人知的希望和勇氣的使者，這是我想給予的掌聲——盡管來得有些遲。A.cooperation合作；B.generosity慷慨；C.courage勇氣；D.enthusiasm熱情。根據上文“He__7__topushtherocktothesideoftheroad”可知，那個殘疾的孩子把石頭搬到了路中間，可見他是一個有勇氣的人，向作者傳達了勇氣。故選C。第二節（共10小題;每小題1.5分,共15分）【答案】11.visited12.against13.sustainable【導語】本文是一篇新聞報道，主要講述了加那利群島旅游業的發展現狀、當地人的態度以及他們對可持續旅游業的期望。【11題詳解】考查時態。句意：2023年，有1390萬人參觀了西班牙的加那利群島，這是實際居住在那里的人數的六倍。由In2023可知，句子時態是一般過去時，空格處用過去式，故填visited。【12題詳解】考查介詞。句意：當地人表示，他們并不反對所有的旅游業，因為它創造了就業機會和金錢，但他們希望政府限制游客的數量。由“becauseitcreatesjobsandmoney”可知，句子表示“當地人表示，他們并不反對所有的旅游業”，空格處意為“反對”，用against，故填against。【13題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：他們認為政府應該計算出可以支持多少游客，這樣加那利群島就可以成為可持續旅游業的一個例子。空格處用形容詞作定語，修飾名詞tourism，此處表示“可持續旅游業”，空格處意為“可持續的”，形容詞是sustainable。故填sustainable。【答案】14.that##which15.caused16.leaving17where【導語】這是一篇說明文，文章講述了影響遷徙鳥類覓食的因素：氣候變化和越來越多的土地被用于農業。【14題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：有些鳥吃初春時節開始生長的草芽。空處引導限制性定語從句，先行詞是grassshoots，指物，關系詞替代先行詞在從句中作主語，使用關系代詞that或which引導，故填that/which。【15題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：這種食物來源只能供應幾個星期，氣候變化引起的氣溫上升有時會使草比平時生長得早。動詞cause和risingtemperatures之間是邏輯動賓關系，cause使用過去分詞形式作后置定語，故填caused。【16題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：這意味著有些鳥來的太晚了，沒有時間吃草，導致它們沒有食物來源。該空后內容是前句造成的意料之中的結果，leave使用現在分詞形式作結果狀語，故填leaving。【17題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：隨著越來越多的土地被用于農業，鳥類覓食的天然濕地也在消失。空處引導限制性定語從句，先行詞是thenaturalwetlands，關系詞替代先行詞在從句中作地點狀語，使用關系副詞where引導，故填where。【答案】18.goes19.when20.tosupport【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了DylanAllman因保護刺猬獲得獎項，Allman四年前啟動保護項目，救援受傷刺猬，普及知識并籌款支持動物救助中心。【18題詳解】考查時態和主謂一致。句意：該獎項頒給那些在他們的社區中做出改變的鼓舞人心的人們。根據句中make可知，句子使用一般現在時，go與主語Theaward之間是主動關系，且主語Theaward是單數，謂語動詞使用第三人稱單數形式。故填goes。【19題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：Allman的任務始于四年前，當時他開始對花園里刺猬的數量感興趣。空處引導限制性定語從句，描述fouryearsago這一時間發生的事件，關系詞在從句中作時間狀語，應用關系副詞when引導從句。故填when。【20題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：Allman還參觀了學校，向人們傳授刺猬的知識，并籌集資金支持動物救援中心。句中已有謂語visited和raised，空處作非謂語動詞，且Allman籌集資金是為了支持動物救援中心，空處應用動詞不定式形式作目的狀語。故填tosupport。第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節,38分）第一節（共14小題;每小題2分,共28分）【答案】21.B22.D23.B【導語】本文是一篇應用文。主要介紹了2024年哈佛冬季上海項目的相關信息。【21題詳解】細節理解題。根據ProgramStructure部分“Thissix-weekprogramincludestwocoursesonShanghai’sculturalhistoryandeconomicdevelopmentexperiences.Youstarteachweekwithtwodaysofseminars(研討會)designedtoletyouseeShanghaidifferently.(這個為期六周的課程包括兩門關于上海文化史和經濟發展經驗的課程。你每周都會參加為期兩天的研討會，讓你以不同的方式看待上海)”可知，如果你參