Understandingideas

Unit5Intotheunknown

Learningaims1.TounderstandthebrilliantachievementsofMayacivilization,andfindoutthepossiblereasonsforthedeclineanddisappearanceofMayacivilization;2.Toperceivethelanguagecharacteristicsofthetext,andgraspthestructureandcontextofthetext;3.Tocultivatetruth-seekingspiritandawarenessofprotectingmoderncivilization.Leading-inFourancientcivilisationsareuniversallyknownbytheworld,suchasAncientIndia,AncientBabylon,AncientEgyptandAncientChina.Leading-inBesides,AncientGreeceandAncient

Romanplayanimportantpartonancientcivilisations.Whatotherancientcivilisationsdoyouknowof?Lookthepicturesandanswerthequestions.1.Whatdoyouknowabouttheseancientcivilizations?Theywereverypopularbeforetheancientcivilizationssuddenlydisappeared.2.Whatmightbethereasonsbehindtheircollapse?Thedestructionofmankindmightbethereasonsbehindtheircollapse.

ReadthepassageandfindoutthepossiblereasonsforthedisappearanceofMayacivilisation.

ThewaythattheMayapeoplechangedthelandscapearoundthemmayhavebeenoneofthereasonsbehindthedisappearanceoftheircivilisation.Turningwetlandsintofieldsforgrowinggrains,digginghugecanalsystemsandcuttingdownmoretreesforconstructionreducedtheirabilitytocopewithnaturaldiasters.Whenthosenaturaldisasters,suchasdroughts,struck,theMayawouldhavefacedfoodshortages,conflictsandeventually,thedownfalloftheircities.While-readingTask1Choosethetopicsentencesandwritethembacktothepassage.aMayacivilisationhasbeensurroundedbymysterysinceitsrediscoveryinthe19thcentury.bButthegreatestmysteryofalliswhatcausedtheMayatoabandonmostoftheirgreatcities.cAlthoughhistheoryhasbeendismissedbyscholars,itshowshowpowerfulthesecretsofAncientMayacivilisationareamongpeople.dResearchalsosuggeststhatthosenaturaldisastersmayhaveledtothedeclineoftheMaya.eMeanwhile,theriseandfallofthiscivilisationmustalsoleaveusthinkingaboutourownpast,presentandfuture.fSomeresearchseemstoindicatethattheMayapeoplethemselvesmayhaveplayedapartintheirdownfall.

231564TheMysteriesoftheMayaTask2Para.1:IntroducethetopicPara.2:the____________ofMayacivilisationPara.3:the__________ofMayacivilisationPara.4-5:The_______forthedisappearanceofMayaCivilisationPara.4:________causesPara.5:________causesPara.6:themysteriesofMayaCivilisationremaintobe_______achievementsdeclinereasonshumannaturalsolvedTask3MAYACIVILISATIONTimeOrganiseinformationfromthepassageandcompletethefileofMayacivilisation.LocationPossiblereasonsforcollapsearound1800BCto1100ADfrom________to_________________1.humancauses-reducedtheabilitytodealwith__________________

____________________________________________________________hugeexpansionofthe____________2.naturalcauses-aseriesof__________between700AD,each______________________________MexicoCentralAmericanaturaldisastersturningwetlandsintofieldsdigginghugecanalsystemspopulationdroughtslastingforacoupleofyearsWhatistheauthor’spurposeinstartingthepassagewiththestoryaboutWilliamGadoury?

TointroduceMayacivilisation.Toamusethereaders.ToemphasizetheimportanceofMayacivilisation.ToinformusthelocationoftheMayacity.Task4Whatcan’tweinferfromthepassage?

Mayacivilisationmadeadifferencetoourmodernsociety.BothhumancausesandnaturalcausesledtoMayacivilisationdisappearing.Peoplestillcan’tsolvethemysteryofMayacivilisation.By700B.C.,theMayacivilisationwasatitspeak.Think&Share1.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinstartingthepassagewiththestoryaboutWilliamGadoury?Inordertointroducethetopicofthepassage,theauthorpresentsthestoryshowshowthesecretsofAncientMayacivilizationhavecapturedpeople’simagination.

Think&Share2.WhatlessonscanyoulearnfromthecollapseofMayacivilization?Howcanthisinformationhelpthedevelopmentoftoday’ssociety?Humanbeingsshouldrespectnatureandnotviolatethelawofitsdevelopment.Ontheonehand,wefollowthenaturallawandbelieveinthesurvivalofthefittest,Ontheotherhand,weshouldactivelytransformtheworldaroundusandbravelyfightagianstkindsofdisastersaspossibleaswecan.ThinkandShareWhatotherthingsdoyouthinkcoulddestroyacivilisation?Shareanexamplewiththeclass.WhatlessonscanyoulearnfromthecollapseofMayacivilisation?Howcanthisinformationhelpthedevelopmentoftoday’ssociety?Whichoftheargumentsinthepassagedidyoufindthemostconvincing?Giveyourreasons.1.buryv.將……埋在下面；埋藏；覆蓋；遮蓋；掩蓋(2024?廣東省龍川一中高二檢測)Asthenumberofcattlegrows,theirwasteincreases,leadingtoanenormouspopulationoffliesandaworseningenvironment.Dungbeetles,however,takethewasteandburyit.隨著牛的數量增加，它們的排泄物也會增加，導致大量蒼蠅和不斷惡化的環境。Sheburiedherfaceinherhandsandweptwhensheheardthebadnews.當她聽到那個壞消息時，她雙手掩面哭泣。Thesecretofahappylifeisn'tburiedinatreasurechest.Itlieswithinyourheart.幸福人生的秘密并非藏在財寶箱里，而是在你的心里。【知識拓展】beburiedin＝buryoneselfin埋頭于；專心于beburiedinthought沉思【即學即練】單句語法填空(1)Eversincegraduation,shehasbeenburied

herresearchwork.(2)Hestoodonthesidewalkwithhishands

(bury)inthepocketsofhisdarkovercoat.【溫馨提示】

表示“專心于”的短語還有：①bedevotedto

②beabsorbedin③beaddictedto ④belostin⑤focuson ⑥concentrateon⑦beoccupiedwith ⑧fixone'sattentiononburiedin2.apply

vi.申請vt.&vi.適用，應用于(2023?全國甲卷)You’llsoonfindthatthemorepatienceyoupractice，themoreyoustarttoapplyittoother，moreannoyingsituations.很快你就會發現，你越有耐心，你越能把耐心應用到其他更令人生氣的情形中去。I’d

appliedtobecomeavolunteerattheParis2024OlympicGames.我已經申請在2024年巴黎奧運會上做一名志愿者。(2024?新高考Ⅰ卷)Thelatestengineeringtechniquesareappliedtocreatethisprotectivefunctionalstructurethatisalsobeautiful.最新的工程技術被應用于創造這個既美觀又具有保護功能的結構。

【知識拓展】(1)apply(tosb.)forsth.

(向某人)申請某事物

apply...to...把……應用于……applytosb./sth.

適用于/運用于某人/某物applyoneselfto(doing)sth.集中精力于(做)某事，專注于(做)某事applytodosth.

申請做某事(2)applicationn.請求；申請；申請表；應用

applicantn.申請人【即學即練】單句語法填空(1)(2023?全國乙卷)Therehasbeenariseinthenumberofstudentsapplying

foodcoursesatUKuniversitiesandcolleges.(2)Applyyourselfto

(study),andyouwillperformwellintheexam.(3)Anyapplicantwhowouldlike

tobecomeanassistantinourcompanyshouldsendusan

beforeDecember.(apply)studyingfortoapplyapplication3.ruinn.[C]殘垣斷壁，廢墟；[U]毀壞；破滅

v.毀壞，破壞；毀滅，使破產(教材原句)Itsonce-greatcitiesfellintoruin,leavingvariousmysteriesforlaterpeopletosolve.曾經恢宏的城市淪為廢墟，留下各種謎團等待后人解開。Thismistakeruinedhischancesofgettingthejob.這個錯誤斷送了他得到那份工作的機會。Thenewsmeanttheruinofallourhopes.這消息使我們的一切希望都破滅了.【知識拓展】(1)inruins

嚴重受損，破敗不堪fallintoruin

衰落，敗落(2)ruinone'shealth/fame/future

毀壞某人的健康/名譽/前途【即學即練】單句語法填空(1)TheearthquakeinTangshancausedgreatdamage,leavingthecity

ruins.(2)Shewentthroughaperiodofemotionaladjustmentafterhercompanyfell

ruinandshefinallydecidedtofindanewjob.(3)WevisitedtheruinsoftheSummerPalacelastwinter,which

(ruin)byforeigninvaders.inwasruinedinto4.abandonv.離棄，逃離(2022?全國乙卷)Theoneinthenewenvironmentshouldbesympathetictothefactthatyourfriendmayfeelabandoned.你的朋友可能會感到被拋棄了，處于新環境的人應該對這一點感同身受。Theprojecthadtobeabandonedduetoalackofmoney.這項工程由于缺乏資金而不得不被放棄。MyteacheralwaysremindsmethatundernocircumstancesshouldIabandonmylearninggoalsonceIsetthem.我的老師總是提醒我，在任何情況下，我都不應該放棄我已設定的學習目標。【知識拓展】(1)abandondoingsth.放棄做某事abandononeselftodoingsth.

沉湎于做某事；放縱(感情)于做某事(2)withabandon

縱情；放任地(3)abandonedadj.

拋棄了的；廢棄的；放縱的【即學即練】單句語法填空(1)Thenewmoviedirectedissetinan

(abandon)factory.(2)Theyabandoned

(carry)outtheplanbecausetheywereshortofhand.abandonedcarrrying5.intriguev.(因奇特或神秘而)激起……的興趣，引起……的好奇心(教材原句)IntriguedbyMayacivilisationfromaveryyoungage，15-year-oldCanadianWilliamGadourythoughthehadmadeanincrediblediscoveryfromhisstudyofancientstarcharts.15歲的加拿大男孩威廉·甘德瑞從很小的時候就對瑪雅文明著迷，他認為自己在研究古代星象圖時得到了一個不可思議的發現。Whathewroteinthebookintriguedme.他在這本書中寫的東西引起了我的興趣。Attheageof10,hebecameintriguedbythemusicalinstrument.在他10歲的時候，他對這種樂器產生了興趣。【知識拓展】1.intrigueagainst...反對……的陰謀探究2.intriguingadj.令人非常感興趣的；迷人的要點3.intriguedadj.感興趣的；著迷的become/getintriguedby被……迷住beintriguedtodosth.有興趣做某事【即學即練】單句語法填空1.

___________(intrigue)bythebookwrittenbyJaneGoodall,Rosewasdeterminedtostudythewildanimals.2.Paintingis_____________(intrigue),soyoucanaskyourdaughtertostudyit.3.Ifyoursonisintrigued____________chess,youcanallowhimtoplayit.4.Tomisintrigued___________(know)howtheuniversecameintobeinglonglongago.Intriguedintriguingbytoknow6.correspondto與……相符；相當于（教材原句）Throughcomparison,hefoundthatthelocationsofthe117knownMayacitiescorrespond

tothepositionsofthestars.通過比較，他發現117個已知瑪雅城市的位置與星星的位置相對應。【知識拓展】correspondto與……相符；相當于correspondwith與……通信；與……相符incorrespondencewith與……通信；與……一致1.Thegillsofafishcorrespondtoourlungs.魚的鰓相當于我們的肺。2.Doyouevercorrespondwithyouroverseasfriends?你和你國外的朋友通過信嗎？3.Thesegoodsdon’tcorrespondwith/tothelistofthoseIordered.這些貨物與我的訂貨單不相符。4.Ihavebeenincorrespondencewithhisprivateconsultantabouttheproblem.關于這問題，我和他的私人顧問一直書信往來。【即學即練】單句語法填空1.Thewrittenrecordoftheconversationdoesn’tcorrespond_______whatwasactuallysaid.2.Theyhavebeenin_________________(correspond)witheachothersincetheyleftuniversity.3.Inthepast,itwasdifficulttocorrespond_______ourrelatives.to/with

correspondencewith1.leave＋賓語＋賓補(教材原句)Thecitieswerelefttobetakenbackbythejungle.城市荒廢，任憑叢林蠶食取代。(教材原句)Meanwhile,theriseandfallofthiscivilisationmustalsoleaveusthinkingaboutourownpast,presentandfuture.與此同時，這一文明的興衰也必須讓我們思考自己的過去、現在和未來。以上兩句中都使用了“leave＋賓語＋賓補”結構，該結構意為“使/讓……繼續處于某種狀態、某地等”。Don'tleavethecomputeronwhenyougoout.

你出去的時候別讓計算機一直開著。Thebadweatherlefttheprojecthalffinished.糟糕的天氣使工程只完成了一半。【知識拓展】leave的常見結構：(1)leave＋賓語＋名詞/形容詞/副詞/介詞短語(2)leave＋賓語＋現在分詞(其中賓語與賓補之間為邏輯上的主謂關系)(3)leave＋賓語＋過去分詞(其中賓語與賓補之間為邏輯上的動賓關系)(4)leave＋賓語＋動詞不定式(其中動詞不定式表示將來的動作)【即學即練】單句語法填空(1)Don'tleavethewater

(run)whileyoubrushyourteeth.(2)Hegotuplateandhurriedtohisoffice,leavingthebreakfast

(touch).(3)Hehasgrownup,soyou'dbetterleavehim

(solve)theproblembyhimself.tosolverunninguntouched2.whatever引導讓步狀語從句(教材原句)Whateverthereasons,Mayacivilisationlargelydisappearedwithinthedeepjungle.無論原因是什么，瑪雅文明幾乎消失在了叢林深處。whatever引導讓步狀語從句，其含義相當于nomatterwhat，意為“不管、無論”，其位置可在主句前，也可在主句后。whatever引導的讓步狀語從句中可省略系動詞。Whateverproblemhemeetswith,henevergivesup.無論遇到什么問題，他從不放棄。(2022?新高考Ⅱ卷)Healwaysparticipatedtothebestofhisabilityinwhatever

theyweredoing.無論他們在做什么，他總是盡自己最大的能力參與其中。(2023?新高考Ⅰ卷)Whateverthemistake,rememberitisn’tafixedaspectofyourpersonality.不管犯了什么錯誤，記住這不是你性格中固定的方面。【知識拓展】(1)whatever、whoever、whichever、whomever可引導名詞性從句或讓步狀語從句，引導讓步狀語從句時，相當于nomatterwhat/who/which/whom。(2)whenever、wherever、however引導讓步狀語從句時，相當于nomatterwhen/where/how。【即學即練】完成句子(1)無論她說什么都不會對我們的安排有影響。

willnotmakeanydifferencetoourarrangements.(2)無論你今后做什么，你都要遵守規則。

,

youmustobeytherules.WhatevershesaysWhatever/Nomatterwhatyoudointhefuture1.representrepresentative2.astronomyastronomer3.remainremaining4.deaddeadly5.discoverdiscovery6.mysterymysteriousmysteriously7.technologytechnologicaltechnologically認知詞匯拓展詞匯intrigueextendaccuratecomplicatedinterpretincredibledeclinelandscapeprimitivedroughtdownfall

Summary應用詞匯1.bury:beburiedin＝buryoneselfin;beburiedinthought2.apply:apply(tosb.)forsth.;apply...to...;applytosb./sth.;applyoneselfto(doing)sth.;applytodosth.;application;applicant3.ruin:inruins;fallintoruin;ruinone'shealth/fame/future核心短語1.makeanincrediblediscovery2.throughcomparison3.correspondto4.apply...to...5.ontopof...6.atone'speak7.naturaldisasters8.farfewer9.fallintoruin10.claimriches1.leave＋賓語＋賓補(1)(教材原句)Thecitieswerelefttobetakenbackbythejungle.(2)(教材原句)Meanwhile,theriseandfallofthiscivilisationmustalsoleaveusthinkingaboutourownpast,presentandfuture.2.whatever引導讓步狀語從句(教材原句)Whateverthereasons,Mayacivilisationlargelydisappearedwithinthedeepjungle.重點句式Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1．Airattacksforcedthevillagersto

(離棄)theirhomes.2．Thefirespreadsoquicklythatthebuildinglayin

(廢墟)innotime.3．Hewassoirresponsiblethatthemanagerdecidedto

(開除)him.4．IpreferthetouralongtheYangtzeRiver,thelongestriverinChinaandoneofthemotherriversofChinese

(文明)．5．Thegirlwassittingonthebenchinthepark,

(將……埋在下面)herheadinthebookinherhands.6.Chinesecitizensaretohavetheirfingerprintsrecordedwhen

(申請)fororchangingtheiridentitycards.課時重點回顧abandonburyingruinsdismisscivilisationapplyingⅡ.單句語法填空1．Theoldladywasso