2025高考英語大二輪專題強化練高考題型組合練作業49四選一閱讀＋完形填空＋語法填空作業49四選一閱讀＋完形填空＋語法填空(分值：40分)Ⅰ.四選一閱讀(每小題2.5分，滿分10分)(2024·湖南岳陽二模)Billionsofpeopledealwithanail-bitinghabitatsomepointintheirlives.Manywillgotogreatlengthstotrytostop.Andwhilenotallofusarenail-biters，mostofusdohaveahabitwe’dliketokick.Sowhat’sthebestwaytobreakone?Researchshowsthatintentionsaloneoftenfailtoleadtolong-termbehaviorchange.Thisisn’ttosayyoucan’tbreakahabit.Rather，byunderstandingthebasisofhabits，youcancreatebetterplansforchangingthem.Forexample，weknowhabitsareoftenaffectedbyenvironmentsandroutines.Lyinginbedmaycauseyoutoendlesslyscrollthroughyourphone，orwatchingTVonthecouchmayleadyoutograbasugarysnack.Oneofthemosteffectivewaystomanagebehavioristoidentifytheselocationsortimesofday.Thentrytomodifythembychangingyourroutineorcreatingobstaclesthatmakeitmoredifficulttoperformthehabitinthatspace.Moving，switchingjobs，orevenstartinganewschedule，areparticularlygreattimestobreakahabitorbuildanewone.One2005studytrackeduniversitystudents’exercising，reading，andTV-watchinghabitsbeforeandaftertheytransferredschools.Whenstudentswerenolongeraroundoldenvironmentsandroutines，theirhabits，eventhestrongones，significantlychanged.Forbehaviorslikenail-biting，apracticecalledhabitreversaltrainingcanbehelpful.Developedbypsychologistsinthe1970s，theaimistochangeahabitbyreplacingitwithanotheronethat’slessdetrimental.Thetrainingrequiresyoutoanalyzeandunderstandyourhabitcues，soyoucaneffectivelystepinattherighttimes.Forexample，ifyoutendtobiteyournailsatwork，keepafidgettoyatyourdeskinadvance.Then，ifastressfulemailcomesin，usethetoywhenyoufeeltheurgetobiteyournails.Breakingahabittakestime，soremembertogiveyourselfgraceandhavepatiencethroughtheprocess.1．Whydoestheauthormention“anail-bitinghabit”inparagraph1?A．Tomakeacomparison.B．Tomakeaconclusion.C．Tointroducethetopic.D．Toattractreaders’attention.2．Whatisoneofthebestwaystohelpuscontrolouraction?A．Havingintentionsalone.B．Understandingthebasisofhabits.C．Makingpracticalplans.D．Adaptingtheenvironmentsortimes.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“detrimental”inparagraph5probablymean?A．Harmful. B．Helpful.C．Annoying. D．Time-consuming.4．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．DifficultiesinDealingwithNail-bitingB．SignificanceofHabitReversalTrainingC．UsefulTipsonGettingRidofaHabitD．NecessityofHavingGraceandPatienceⅡ.完形填空(每小題1分，滿分15分)(2024·山東濟南一模)The13-year-oldgirlAnnaGraceisavolleyballmanager，abasketballmanager，andatheatervolunteer，butperhapshergreatest1isthefactthatshehasbeatencancertwice.Annawasfirstdiagnosed(診斷)withararetypeof2inDecemberof2019.Asoftballplayeratthetime，shetoldherparentsshewasexperiencingmuscle3inherleftarm，onlyliftingitabouteye-level.Shehadto4surgeryonherleftarm.Forthefollowingweekendsafterthesurgery，doctorsscannedher5tomakesureshewascancer-freeandtheninAugustof2023，doctors6aspotonherlungs.Shehadanother7onSeptembertoremoveit.Annasaidwhenshewasfirstdiagnosedwithcancer，itfeltlikealearningstage.Thesecondtimearound，itwasalittle8toacceptthenews.Andthroughoutallofthis，Annahashadto9schoolworkandhospitallife.Hersufferingswithcancerforcedhertoreally10herselfbecauseshewasoutofschoolforquiteawhile.Nowshehas11andhasstraightAs.Anna’sfather，EricBartel，saidherjourneyhasinspiredhimto12everymoment，enjoyingtimewithhislovingdaughter.Annaisdoingwellthesedaysthough.She’s13intheaterandisacoach’sassistant.“Whenyou’reon14youhavetokeepfighting，”Annasaid.“Alwayslivelifetothefullesteachday.You’reloved.Yourlife15.”1．A.excitement B．achievementC．devotion D．ambition2．A.pain B．coldC．cancer D．fever3．A.weakness B．growthC．recovery D．relief4．A.perform B．haveC．attend D．refuse5．A.briefly B．occasionallyC．partly D．regularly6．A.noticed B．erasedC．ignored D．marked7．A.assessment B．appointmentC．examination D．operation8．A.harder B．easierC．stronger D．better9．A.solve B．connectC．abandon D．balance10．A.apply B．controlC．convince D．forgive11．A.caughtup B．heldbackC．droppedout D．blownup12．A.spare B．appreciateC．imagine D．create13．A.active B．gracefulC．dominant D．cautious14．A.vacation B．trustC．treatment D．duty15．A.declines B．suffersC．matters D．waitsⅢ.語法填空(每小題1.5分，滿分15分)(2024·江蘇南通一模)Tanghulu(alsoknownasbingtanghulu)isatraditionalChinesesnackconsistingofhardenedsugarcoatedfruitsonastick.1.(classic)，tanghuluismadeofhawthornsthatarerich2.vitaminC．Inrecenttimes，tanghulumakers3.(add)varietytothistraditionalsnackbyusingotherfruitssuchascherries，strawberries，pineapplesorgrapes.Tanghulucantastesweetorsour，dependingonyourfruit.Traditionaltanghuluusinghawthornberriesissaidtotastelikea4.(combine)ofboth.Youcan，ofcourse，makeyourowntanghuluusinganyfruityoudesire.Tanghuluiseasier5.(make)athomethanyoumightthink.Thetrickistousethecorrectwatertosugarratio(比例)andboilthesugarwatermixture6.itstemperaturereaches150℃.Thenquicklydipyourfruitskewer(扦子)intothesugarmixture.Thiswillresultinfruitcoatedinathinlayerofhardcandythatcrackswhen7.(bite)into.Tanghuluiscommonlyeateninthewinter.Youcanfind8.(travel)tradersroaming(游蕩)inthestreets，sellingthisuniquesnack.Ifyouwanttotrythestickytreat9.___________(you)，youcanfindtanghulustandsnearmostofthepopulartouristattractionsinChina.Tanghuluisn’texpensive，asaskewercostsonly$1.So，whatcouldpossiblystopyoufromgivingone10.try?答案精析Ⅰ.eq\x(語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一些改變習慣的方法。)1．C[推理判斷題。第一段前兩句提到很多人有咬指甲的習慣并試圖改掉，接下來提出大部分人都有想改掉的習慣，結合末句“Sowhat’sthebestwaytobreakone？”可知，第一段提及“咬指甲”這個壞習慣是為了引出文章主題。故選C。]2．D[細節理解題。根據第三段“Oneofthemosteffectivewaystomanagebehavioristoidentifytheselocationsortimesofday.Thentrytomodifythembychanging...”可知，管理行為最好的方法之一是改變習慣的環境或時間。故選D。]3．A[詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞上文“changeahabitbyreplacingitwithanotheronethat’sless”以及后文的例子“Forexample，ifyoutendtobiteyournailsatwork...usethetoywhenyoufeeltheurgetobiteyournails.”可知，這種訓練是要使用玩玩具這種危害性較小的行為來代替咬指甲這種習慣，由此可推知，detrimental意為“有害的”。故選A。]4．C[標題歸納題。根據第一段中“Andwhilenotallofusarenail-biters，mostofusdohaveahabitwe’dliketokick.Sowhat’sthebestwaytobreakone？”以及通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了改變習慣的一些方法，故選C。]Ⅱ.eq\x(語篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述的是13歲女孩AnnaGrace兩次戰勝癌癥的故事。)1．B[excitement興奮，激動；achievement成就；devotion忠誠，奉獻；ambition抱負，雄心。根據空后“thefactthatshehasbeatencancertwice”可知AnnaGrace兩度戰勝癌癥，這的確是一種偉大的成就。故選B。]2．C[pain疼痛；cold感冒；cancer癌癥；fever發燒。根據后文“Forthefollowingweekendsafterthesurgery，doctorsscannedhertomakesureshewascancer-free”可知安娜是被診斷出癌癥。故選C項。]3．A[weakness虛弱；growth成長；recovery恢復；relief寬慰。根據后文“inherleftarm，onlyliftingitabouteye-level”可知安娜的左臂只能抬到眼睛的高度，所以可以推斷肌肉是虛弱無力的。故選A。]4．B[perform實施；have有，接受；attend出席；refuse拒絕。根據后文“Forthefollowingweekendsafterthesurgery，doctorsscannedher”可知此處指的是安娜不得不接受手術。havesurgery“接受手術”。故選B。]5．D[briefly簡短地；occasionally偶爾；partly部分地；regularly定期地。根據空前“doctorsscannedher”和空后“tomakesureshewascancer-free”可知，手術后醫生定期掃描檢查來確定她體內沒有癌變。故選D。]6．A[notice注意到；erase清除；ignore忽視；mark標志。根據空后“aspotonherlungs”和“removeit”可知此處指的是醫生定期掃描時發現她肺上有一個斑點。故選A。]7．D[assessment評估；appointment約定；examination考試；operation手術。根據上文“Forthefollowingweekendsafterthesurgery...aspotonherlungs.”以及空前“Shehadanother”可知安娜進行了第二次手術，切除了肺部的斑點。故選D。]8．B[harder更難的；easier更容易的；stronger更強壯的；better更好的。根據前文“Annasaidwhenshewasfirstdiagnosedwithcancer，itfeltlikealearningstage.Thesecondtimearound，itwasalittle”可知在安娜看來第二次診斷出癌癥就像學習第二遍知識一樣，接受起來要比第一次容易。故選B。]9．D[solve解決；connect連接；abandon拋棄；balance平衡。根據空后“schoolworkandhospitallife”并結合安娜兩次患癌且需定期檢查可知安娜在這一過程中需要平衡學習和醫院生活。故選D。]10．A[apply勤奮工作，努力學習；control控制；convince說服；forgive原諒。根據空后“herselfbecauseshewasoutofschoolforquiteawhile.NowshehasandhasstraightAs”可知因為身患癌癥，安娜的學習落下了很多，所以她迫使自己努力學習。applyoneself“勤奮工作，努力學習”。故選A。]11．A[catchup趕上；holdback阻止；dropout輟學；blowup爆炸。根據空后“andhasstraightAs”可知安娜的成績都是A，所以可以推斷經過一番努力安娜終于趕上來了。故選A。]12．B[spare勻出；appreciate感激，重視；imagine想象；create創造。根據空后“everymoment，enjoyingtimewithhislovingdaughter”可知安娜與癌癥作斗爭的經歷讓父親深受感動，所以父親非常珍惜與女兒在一起的時光。故選B。]13．A[active積極的；graceful優雅的；dominant占支配地位的；cautious謹慎的。根據空前“Annaisdoingwellthesedaysthough.”以及空后“Alwayslivelifetothefullesteachday.”可知戰勝癌癥后的安娜在戲劇方面非常積極。故選A。]14．C[vacation假期；trust信任；treatment治療，對待；duty責任。根據全文內容以及空后“youhavetokeepfighting”可知此處指的是安娜因為癌癥必須接受治療。故選C。]15．C[decline下降；suffer遭受；matter重要，有關系；wait等待。根據前文“You’reloved.Yourlife”可知在安娜看來我們都被愛著，我們的生命非常重要。故選C。]Ⅲ.1.Classically2.in3.havebination5.tomake6.until/ing/travelling9．yourself10.a作業50應用文寫作＋讀后續寫Ⅰ.應用文寫作(倡議書)(滿分15分)(2024·河北保定一模)假定你是某國際學校的學生會主席李華。為提升你市的文化品位，你市正在開展“黃河文化帶”的建設。請你代表學生會寫一份倡議書，向全校學生發出倡議，為打造“黃河文化帶”助力。內容包括：1．活動目的；2.倡議內容：清理活動，保護環境；3.活動意義。注意：1.寫作詞數應為80個左右；2.請按如下格式在答題紙的相應位置作答。ACallforAssistanceinBuilding“theYellowRiverCulturalBelt”Dearfellowstudents，Yoursfaithfully，TheStudentCouncilⅡ.讀后續寫(滿分25分)閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。Two-ManIronmanOnSept.17,2022，Jeffandhisson，Johnny，setouttobeginthefirstofthreelegsoftheIronmancompetitioninCambridge，wherecompetitorsmustcompletea140-mileofswimming，bicyclingandrunninginunder17hours.Johnnywasbornwithcerebralpalsy(腦癱)andcouldbarelywalkafewstepswiththehelpofarollingwalker.Buthisdreamofbeingarunnerneverstopped.DeterminedtoshowJohnnythathecouldpursuehisdreamofbeinganathlete，Jeffhelpedhimengageinrunning.Theybeganwakingupat4am，soJeffcouldrunwhilepushinghissoninaspecialwheelchaircalledaracingchair.Everymorning，theydrovethemselvestorunincreasinglylongerdistances.Soon，theywereentering5Kraces，thenontoIronmancompetition.Atfirst，JeffwouldactasJohnny’sarmsandlegs，carryingtheweightofhisson.Gradually，Johnnycouldevenrunafewmilesusingarollingwalker.Theracebeganwitha2.4-mileswimintheChoptankRiver.JeffhelpedJohnnyintoakayak(皮劃艇)．Withoneendofaropetiedtoaharnessaroundhisbackandtheotherendtothekayak，Jeffeasedhimselfintothewater.Swimmingwhiledragginganotherpersonwastoughenough—Jeffalsohadtostrugglewithjellyfish.“IoccupiedmymindbycountingthenumberoftimesIgotstung(蟄)，”hesaid.Thepaircompletedtheswimin90minutes，anditwasontothenextleg：a112-milebicycleride.Theircustom-builtbikehasanextra-strongframeandanadditionalseatinthebackforJohnnythatfacesbackward，bettertocheeronothercompetitors.Aftercompletingthetoughbikesectioninroughlyninehours，theysettheirsightsonthefinallegoftherace—a26.2-milemarathonwithJeffpushingJohnnyintheracingchair.They’dbeencompetingfor10.5hours，leavinganother6.5hourstomaketheirtime.注意：1.續寫詞數應為150個左右；2.請按如下格式作答。ButatMile19，Jeffbegantopanic，convincedtheyweregoingtooslow.After16hours,55minutesand35seconds，fatherandsoncrossedthefinishlinetogether.答案精析Ⅰ.參考范文ACallforAssistanceinBuilding“theYellowRiverCulturalBelt”Dearfellowstudents，I’mdelightedtoannouncethatourcityisembarkingonaprojectcalled“theYellowRiverCulturalBelt”，withtheaimofenhancingtheculturaltasteofourcity.Today，I’dliketocalluponallofyoutolendyoursupportandparticipateinthissignificantendeavor.Asresponsiblestudents，wecanplayaroleinpromotingenvironmentalprotectionalongtheYellowRiver.Let’sorganizeclean-upcampaignsandraiseawarenessamongourpeersabouttheimportancethatweshouldmaintainacleanandhealthyenvironment.Together，wecanmaketheriverapicturesqueandinvitingplaceforlocalsandtouristsalike.Thankyouforyourattentionandsupport.Yoursfaithfully，TheStudentCouncilⅡ.參考范文ButatMile19，Jeffbegantopanic，convincedtheyweregoingtooslow.Somehowhefoundtheenergytopickupthepace，puffingandpanting.Spottingsweattricklingdownfromhisfather’swrinkledforehead，Johnnyofferedtorunonhisownwithhisrollingwalker.JeffstoppedtohelpJohnnyoutofhisracingchair，handingtherollingwalkertohisson.Afteryearsofpainstakingwork，Johnnyincreasedhisstepcountsandwasdeterminedtofinishhisracebyhimself.Johnnysawtheclocktickingdownandworriedtheywouldn’tmakethecut-off.However，withDad’sencouragingwordsechoinginmindconstantly，Johnnymanagedtocarryon.After16hours,55minutesand35seconds，fatherandsoncrossedthefinishlinetogether.AsthecrowdengulfedandcheeredonanoverwhelmedJohnny，awearyJeffkeptalowprofile.“Myfatherdidn’twanthisfinishlinemoment，”saidJohnny，tearsineyes.“Hewantedittobemine.Whathetaughtmeisthatit’smucheasiertotakeonlifeonestepatatimethanitistothinkaboutthehugetaskaheadofyou.”Smallstepsleadtobiggersteps.ToJohnny，thecompetitionrepresentedwhathiswholelifewithcerebralpalsyhadbeenabout：hardwork，dedication，optimism，anddetermination.作業51四選一閱讀＋七選五閱讀Ⅰ.四選一閱讀(每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)A(2024·福建漳州三模)Ilovelearningaboutcustomsand①practicesinothercountries.Forthispost，IaskedallofmyfriendsintheMulticulturalKidBloggergrouptogivemetheirfavoritebirthdaytraditions!CHINAThemostspecialofthebirthdaytraditionsinChinaisforbabies.Newparentsgiveredeggs(anevennumber)tofriendsandfamilyforgoodluck.Commonpresentsincludefood，silverware，andmoneywrappedinredpaper.Onbirthdays，itiscommontoeatlongevitynoodles(長壽面)withoutbreakingthemforgoodlucktolivealonglife.ISRAELSometimeschildreninIsraelwearacrown(花冠)madefromleavesorflowersfortheirbirthday.Thebirthdaychildsitsinachair，andgetspickedupandraisedand②loweredthechaironetimeforeachyearofage，plusonemoreforgoodluck.Guestsatthebirthdaypartysinganddancearoundthechair.Atbirthdayparties，kidsoftenplaygames，suchasraceswithpotatoesonspoons.GHANAInGhana，oneofthemostcommonbirthdaytraditionsisthatkidsgettoeatotoforbreakfast：sweetpotatoesmixedwithonions，madeintopatties，andfriedwithhardboiledeggs.Laterintheday，Ghanaianssometimeshaveapartyforthechildwithstew，rice，andkelewele.Attheparty，girlsoftenliketoplayagamecalledampe.MEXICOMexicofamiliesloveparties，andcelebratebirthdaysengrande(盛大地)．The15thbirthday，quincea?eraisthemostimportant，formal，and③well-prepared.MexicansalwayssingLasMa?anitastowakeupthechildontheirbirthdays.Whenthebirthdaygirlorboyblowsouttheircandles，guestscallforthemto④takeabiteofthecake(“mordida-mordida！”)andalwayspushtheirfaceintothefrosting.AMexicanbirthdaypartyalwayshasapi?atafilledwithlittletoysandcandies.1．WhatdoparentsbothinChinaandGhanadofortheirkids’birthdays?A．Offerthemaspecialfood.B．Givethemmoneyinredpapers.C．Playauniquegamewiththem.D．Makeaspecialclothingforthem.2．WhatdokidsinMexicogetfortheirbirthdays?A．Ablessingsong.B．Abeautifulcrown.C．Redeggs.D．Awonderfulbreakfast.3．Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A．Anoticeboard.B．Atravelguidebook.C．Awebsite.D．Ageographymagazine.語境猜詞①practice熟義：n.實踐；練習生義(文義)：②lower(轉)adj.→v.③well-prepared(合)＝well＋prepared④takeabiteofB(2024·河北衡水模擬預測)Outofallfieldsofscience，physicshasareputationforbeingdifficulttothegeneralpublic.Ontopofcomplexformulas(公式)，theabstractconceptsthatmakeituparesometimessimplyhardtograsp.That’swhyprofessorTatianaErukhimovaworksalongsidetheteamofthePhysics&AstronomydepartmentatTexasA&MUniversity(TAMU)toproduceaseriesofvideosshowingreal-worldapplicationsofphysicsinafunand①insightfulwaythathasearnedherfansaroundtheworld.Notonlyaretheexplanationsineveryvideoeasytofollow，butErukhimova’senthusiasmiswhattrulykeepstheviewerengaged.Forexample，inonevideo，thecheerfulprofessorexplainsthephysicsofpressure.Todemonstratehowdistributingweightallows②seeminglyfragileobjectstocarryheavierloads，theteacherexcitedlystepsonatinyboardwithlightbulbsandthenproceedstoreplicate(復制)theexperimentwitheggs—untilittakesanunexpectedturn.Erukhimova’suniqueteachingmethodcomesfromherhopetogetstudentsinterestedthrough③demonstrativeclasses.“Yougetthis‘wowfactor’andthenit’seasiertofindresonance(共鳴)，”shesaid.“IlikewhatIteach，andItrytosharemyexcitementwiththem.”Borntophysicistparents，Erukhimovahashadaunique④attachmenttothefieldsinceshewasverylittle.“Mypassionforphysicsisjustinmygenes，andIcannotimaginemylifewithoutphysics，”sheexplained.AfterbeingofferedapositionatTexasA&Malmost25yearsago，ErukhimovamovedfromRussiatoTexas.Sincethen，shehaswonoverbothuniversitystudentsandcasualviewerswithherparticularwayofexplainingscience.Whilesheisawarethatpeoplemaynotlearnalotfromwatchingashortvideo，gettingtheminterestedandcuriousaboutlearningmoreisallworthit.4．Whydoesphysicsseemdifficulttothegeneralpublic?A．Ithasmanyformulas.B．It’sboringanduseless.C．Itsconceptsareabstract.D．Accesstoeducationalresourcesislimited.5．WhatmakesErukhimova’svideospopular?A．Herfamilybackground.B．Herrespectforherstudents.C．Hervividlanguageandpersonality.D．Herenthusiasmandteachingmethod.6．WhatdoesErukhimovahopetoachievethroughherdemonstrativeclasses?A．Winningovercasualviewersandfans.B．Gettingstudentsinterestedinphysics.C．Sharingherexcitementaboutphysics.D．Improvingstudents’academicperformance.7．WhatcanbelearnedaboutErukhimova?A．Shehasmanyhobbies.B．Sheisafamousscientist.C．Sheisdevotedtoherjob.D．Sheearnsaveryhighsalary.語境猜詞①insightful(派)＝insight＋ful②seemingly(派)＝seeming＋ly③demonstrative(派)＝demonstrat(e)＋ive④attachment(派)＝attach＋mentC(2024·福建泉州二模)Whendeliveringmedicationstopatients，oneofthemosteffectivemethodsisdirectinjection(注射)intothe①bloodstreamusinganeedle.Butthiscanbeanuncomfortableexperience，especiallyforkidsoradultswithafearofneedles.Whilepatientsdohavetheoptiontotakeoralpillsinstead，drugscontaininglargemolecules(分子)arenotabsorbedeffectivelythisway.Now，inspiredbyoctopussuckers(章魚吸盤)，researchersfromChinaandSwitzerlandhavedesigneda②needle-freealternative:atiny，drug-filled，cup-likepatch(貼片)thatstickstotheinsideofthecheeks.Thedeviceiseasilyaccessible，anditcanberemovedatanytimeandthedruggetsabsorbedthroughtheliningoftheinnercheek，theteamreportsinapaperinScienceTranslationalMedicine.Totestthedesign，theteam3Dprintedthesuckers.Theyloadedeachwiththedrugandstucktheminsidethecheeksofthreebeagles，akindofdogwhichhasasimilarinnercheekliningtohumans.Forcomparison，theyalsodeliveredthedrugtobeaglesviaapill.Afterthreehours，theteamfoundthatdrugblood③concentrationsindogswiththepatchweremorethan150timeshigherthaninthedogsthattookatablet.Theyalsofoundpatchesworkedeffectivelyfordrugswithlargemolecules.40healthyhumanvolunteersself-appliedwater-filledpatchestoseehowwelltheywouldstayonwhiletalkingandmovingtheirmouths.After30minutes，onlyfiveofthe40patcheshadfallenoff，whichwasbecauseofimproper④placement.Mostvolunteerssaidtheywouldpreferapatchoverinjectionsfordailyapplications.Still，theteamonlytestedthepatchforashorttimesotheywouldneedtofindoutwhatwouldhappenifitwasusedrepeatedly.They’dalsoneedtodeterminewhichdrugswouldworkwiththetechnology:thetargetislargemolecules，suchasthoseusedtotreatobesityorosteoporosis，buttheycan’tbetoolargetofitinthecup.8．Whydotheresearchersdevelopthepatch?A．Tohelppatientsovercomethefearofneedles.B．Toenablekidstoswallowtabletssmoothly.C．Toofferabetterwayofdrugdelivery.D．Toguaranteetheefficiencyoforalpills.9．Whatdoestheresearchondogsprove?A．Itistechnologicallypossibleto3Dprintthepatches.B．Thecheekliningofdogsissimilartothatofhumans.C．Patchesfalleasilywiththeirmouthmovement.D．Drugsareabsorbedbetterthroughpatchesthanpills.10．Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribethedevice?A．Innovativeandprofitable.B．Effectiveanduser-friendly.C．Affordableandaccessible.D．Flexibleandlong-lasting.11．Whatdoesthelastparagraphstress?A．Therelatedissuestobesolved.B．Theriskofusingpatchesrepeatedly.C．Thewaytoidentitylargemolecules.D．Thetroubleofimprovingthetechnology.語境猜詞①bloodstream(合)＝blood＋stream②needle-free(合)＝needle-free③concentration(派)＝concentrate＋ion④placement(派)＝place＋mentD(2024·江蘇南通三模)Psychologistshavelongbeenindisagreementastowhethercompetitionisalearnedora①geneticcomponentofhumanbehavior.Whateveritis，youcannotbutrecognizetheeffectcompetitionhasonacademicsandmanyotherareasofcontemporarylife.Psychologicallyspeaking，competitionhasbeenseenasan②unavoidableconsequenceofhumandrives.AccordingtoSigmundFreud，humansarebornscreamingforattentionandfulloforganicdrivesforfulfillmentinvariousareas.Initially，wecompetefortheattentionofourparents.Currentworkinanthropology(人類學)hassuggested，however，thatthisviewoftheroleofcompetitioninhumanbehaviormaybeafallacy.ThomasHobbes，oneofthegreatphilosophersoftheseventeenthcentury，isperhapsbestrememberedforhis③characterizationofthe“naturalworld”，thatis，theworldbeforetheintroductionofthewillofhumanity，asbeingunpleasantandshort.Thisopinionisstillwidelyheld，reinforcedbyCharlesDarwin’shighlyinfluentialwork，TheOriginofSpecies，whichestablishedthedoctrine(學說)ofnaturalselection.Darwin’stheoryhasevenbeensummarizedas“survivalofthefittest”—aphraseDarwinhimselfneverused—furtherhighlightingcompetition’sroleinsuccess.Asithasoftenbeenpointedout，however，thereisnothingintheconceptofnaturalselectionthatsuggeststhatcompetitionisthemostsuccessfulstrategyfor“survivalofthefittest”．DarwinsaidinTheOriginofSpeciesthatthestruggleshewasdescribingshouldbeviewedasmetaphorsandcouldn’tbeseparatedfromdependenceandcooperation.Manystudieshavebeenconductedtotesttheimportanceplacedoncompetitionratherthanothervalues，suchascooperation，andgenerallyconcludethatAmericansuniquelypraisecompetitionasnatural，unavoidable，anddesirable.In1937，the④world-renownedanthropologistMargaretMeadpublishedCooperationandCompetitionAmongPrimitivePeoples，basedonherstudiesofseveralsocietiesthatdidnotprizecompetition，and，infact，seemedattimestoplaceanegativevalueonit.OnesuchsocietywastheZuniIndiansofArizona，andthey，Meadfound，valuedcooperationfarmorethancompetition.Afterstudyingdozensofsuchcultures，Mead’sfinalconclusionwasthatcompetitivenessisaculturallycreatedaspectofhumanbehavior，andthatitspopularityinaparticularsocietyisrelativetohowthatsocietyvaluesit.12．Whatdoestheauthorthinkiscommonlyseeninmanyareasofcontemporarylife?A．Theinfluenceofcompetition.B．Theoriginofhumandrive.C．Thereasonsforhumanbehaviour.D．Thedisagreementoncompetition.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“afallacy”inthethirdparagraphmean?A．Afalseidea.B．Ahardnut.C．Alosingbattle.D．Amixedblessing.14．WhatcanwelearnfromDarwin’swordsinTheOriginofSpecies?A．Allspeciesdependonothersforsurvival.B．Thestrongestspeciesprovestobethefittest.C．Strugglesforsurvivalincludesupportofeachother.D．Competitionislookedonasthebestsurvivalstrategy.15．WhatconclusiondidMargaretMeadreach?A．Itischaracteristicofhumanstobecompetitive.B．Americansareuniquelyopposedtocooperation.C．CompetitionisrelativelymorepopularinWesternsocieties.D．