PAGE1-推理推斷題專練(二)——觀點推斷類A[2024·山西六校其次次階段性測試]In2013,GabbyFrostfoundedBuddyProjectwhenshewas15.Atthattime,herbestfriendhadbeendiagnosed(診斷)withamentalhealthcondition,andthatwasthefirsttimeshewasmadeawareofwhatmentalillnesswas.Shewantedtolearnmoreanddevelopagoodsupportsystemforher.MentalillnessaffectstensofmillionsofpeopleintheUnitedStateseachyear,yetonlyhalfreceivetreatment,accordingtotheNationalInstitutesofMentalHealth.BuddyProject'swebsitesaystheserviceisnotasubstitutefortherapy(治療)orothertypesofmentalhealthcare,anditdirectspeopletoresourcesforfurtherhelp.Sincefoundingtheorganizationasahighschoolstudent,Frosthashelpedmorethan200,000participantsfindanewfriend.OnthedaywhenBuddyProjectwaslaunched,sheusedherpowerfulsocialmediapresencetoattractnearly3,000participants.“Thiswasaroundthetimewhenteensreallybegantalkingaboutmentalhealthandfoundasupportivecommunityonlinetotalkaboutit，”shesaid.Oneofthebiggestsocialbarriersshehadtojumpoverwasthatpeopledidn'tviewherseriouslybecauseshewasa15-year-oldgirl,andevennow,she'sstillayoungwoman.“Sometimesit'sfrustratingbecausepeopledon'tthinkwhatIdoisneededortheydon'tthinkI'mprofessional，”shesaid.“Mostpeopleareblownawaythata20-year-oldgirlisrunningthisandthatit'sonepersondoingthisbutnotawholeteam.I'mjustluckythatI'vefoundasupportsystemthathasbeenabletohelpmymomandmewiththeproject.”體裁：記敘文題材：個人經驗主題：BuddyProject【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文，講解并描述了GabbyFrost在15歲的時候為了幫助自己的摯友戰勝心理疾病而成立了BuddyProject。BuddyProject幫助了許多有心理健康問題的人。盡管遇到了許多的困難，但她仍堅持不懈?！倦y句分析】Oneofthebiggestsocialbarriersshehadtojumpoverwasthatpeopledidn'tviewherseriouslybecauseshewasa15-year-oldgirl,andevennow,she'sstillayoungwoman.分析：本句包含了一個定語從句shehadtojumpover，一個表語從句thatpeopledidn'tviewherseriously和一個緣由狀語從句becauseshewasa15-year-oldgirl。譯文：她必需跨越的最大的社會障礙之一是，因為她是一個15歲的女孩，人們不把她當回事，即使現在，她仍舊是一位年輕的女性。1．WhydidGabbyFrostsetupBuddyProject?A．Totreathermentaldisease.B．Toknowwhatcausesmentalillness.C．Tohelpherfriendtofightthementaldisease.D．Tocurethosewithmentaldisease.答案與解析：C考查細微環節理解。依據第一段中的“Shewantedtolearnmoreanddevelopagoodsupportsystemforher”及其次段中的“BuddyProject'swebsitesaystheserviceisnotasubstitutefortherapy(治療)orothertypesofmentalhealthcare,anditdirectspeopletoresourcesforfurtherhelp”可知，她是為了幫助摯友與心理疾病抗爭才成立了BuddyProject，故答案為C項。2．Whatcanweinferfromparagraph2?A．Americanspaylittleattentiontomentalhealth.B．ManyAmericanshavetroublewithmentalhealth.C．BuddyProjectprovidesfinancialaidforpatients.D．BuddyProjectcancurethosewithmentaldisease.答案與解析：B考查細微環節理解。依據文章其次段第一句中的“MentalillnessaffectstensofmillionsofpeopleintheUnitedStateseachyear”可知，在美國，許多人都有心理健康方面的問題，故答案為B項。3．WhatproblemdidFrostface?A．Shecouldn'tgetsupportfromhermother.B．Shecouldn'thelpsomanypatientsatatime.C．Shewasn'tabletoattractenoughparticipants.D．Shewasn'tthoughtwellofbecauseofherage.答案與解析：D考查細微環節理解。依據最終一段中的“Oneofthebiggestsocialbarriersshehadtojumpoverwasthatpeopledidn'tviewherseriouslybecauseshewasa15-year-oldgirl,andevennow,she'sstillayoungwoman”和“peopledon'tthinkwhatIdoisneeded...professional”可知，她面臨的一個問題是人們因為她的年齡而不把她當回事兒，認為她不專業，故答案為D項。4．HowdomostpeoplefeelaboutyoungFrost'srunningtheprojectalone?A．Completelydefeated.B．Totallyconvinced.C．Stronglyimpressed.D．Fullysatisfied.答案與解析：C考查觀點看法。依據最終一段中的“Mostpeopleareblownawaythata20-year-oldgirlisrunningthisandthatit'sonepersondoingthisbutnotawholeteam.I'mjustluckythatI'vefoundasupportsystemthathasbeenabletohelpmymomandmewiththeproject”，可知，大多數人對一個20歲的女孩獨自(而不是靠一個團隊)運營這個項目這一事實應感到驚異、敬佩或印象深刻，故C項最能體現大多數人的心理，故選C項。B[2024·鄭州高三第一次質量預料]Ifyou'veeverhadadog,youknowjusthowdeepaconnectionyoucandevelopwith“man'sbestfriend”.Butadog'slifeismuchshorterthanhumans,about12to15yearslong,whichmeanseverydogownerhastogothroughtheheartbreakingmomentwhentheirlovingpetpassesaway.Whynotmakeacloneofthatdogthen?ThisisthesolutionofferedbyaSouthKoreancompany,SooamBiotechResearchFoundation.Thecompanyhasalreadysuccessfullyclonedatleast400dogs,mostlyforUScustomers,eversinceitpioneeredthetechniquein2005.Now,SooamBiotechhasintroduceditsbusinesstoUKdogownersaswell,offeringthemdogsthatlookjustliketheirlostones.Tocloneadog,researchersfirstneedtotakeaskincellfromalivingdogoronethathasjustdied.Meanwhile,anotherdogisselectedtosupplyanegg.ResearchersthenreplacetheDNAintheeggwiththatfromtheskincellandimplanttheeggintothewomb(子宮)ofafemaledog.Theegggrowsintoapuppyoverthefollowingtwomonths.Thewholeprocesstakeslessthanaday,butitcomesatashockinglyhighprice—around￡63,000.Butifyoucan'tafforditnow,youcanalsosavethecellinalaboratoryandaccessitatalaterdate.However,magicalascloningmightsound,thereisnoguaranteethatthecloneddogwillbeaperfectcopyoftheoriginalone.Justlikeidenticaltwinsofhumans,theysharetheexactlysameDNAbuttherewillstillbesmalldifferencesbetweenthem.“ThespotsonaDalmatian(斑點狗)clonewillbedifferent,forexample，”InsungHwang,headofSooamBiotech,toldTheGuardian.Dogownerswillalsohavetoacceptthefactthatpersonalityisnot“cloneable”.Apartfromgenes,personalityisalsodeterminedbyupbringingandenvironment,whicharebothrandomelementsthatcloningtechnologiessimplycannotovercome,ProfessorTomKirkwoodatNewcastleUniversity,UK,toldThePerhapsbringingourdogsbackbycloningisnotthebestwaytorememberthemafterall.Kirkwood,adogownerhimself,pointedout,“Animportantaspectofourrelationshipwiththemiscomingtotermswiththepainoflettinggo.”體裁：說明文題材：科技主題：克隆狗【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了克隆狗技術。【難句分析】Apartfromgenes,personalityisalsodeterminedbyupbringingandenvironment,whicharebothrandomelementsthatcloningtechnologiessimplycannotovercome,ProfessorTomKirkwoodatNewcastleUniversity,UK,toldTheTelegraph.分析：which引導非限制性定語從句，在從句中作主語，修飾先行詞upbringingandenvironment;其中，that引導定語從句，在從句中作賓語，修飾先行詞randomelements。譯文：英國紐卡斯爾高校的教授TomKirkwood告知《電訊報》，除了基因外，特性也是由撫育和環境所確定的，兩者都有隨意性，是克隆技術所不能克服的。5．WhatservicedoesSooamBiotechResearchFoundationoffer?A．Makingcopiesofpetdogs.B．Givingpetdogsidenticaltwins.C．Helpingdogsgivebirthtomorepuppies.D．Helpingdogownerslovetheirdogsmore.答案與解析：A考查細微環節理解。依據其次段最終一句“Now,SooamBiotechhasintroduceditsbusinesstoUKdogownersaswell,offeringthemdogsthatlookjustliketheirlostones”可知，這家公司所供應的服務就是克隆已逝的寵物狗，故選A項。6．Whichorderiscorrectinthedogcloningprocess?a．Aneggistakenfromanotherdog.b．Askincellistakenfromthepetdog.c．Theegggrowsintoapuppyintwomonths.d．Theeggisplacedinthewombofafemaledog.e．TheDNAintheeggisreplacedbytheDNAfromtheskincell.A．a→d→b→e→c.B．a→e→b→d→c.C．b→a→d→e→c.D．b→a→e→d→c.答案與解析：D考查細微環節理解。依據對第三段的整體理解可知，試驗的第一步是從狗身上提取皮膚細胞，另一只被選擇的狗供應一個卵子，將卵子中的DNA替換成皮膚細胞中的DNA之后，將卵子植入一只母狗的子宮，最終卵子在接下來的兩個月中生長為一只小狗，故選D項。7．Whatcanwelearnaboutdogcloningfromthepassage?A．Ithasnotbeenputintopracticeuntilrecently.B．ItisverypopularamongUSandUKpetowners.C．Itmightnotgivetheownersanexactlysamedog.D．Itisveryexpensiveandusuallytakeshalfayeartocomplete.答案與解析：C考查細微環節理解。依據第五段第一句“However,magicalascloningmightsound,thereisnoguaranteethatthecloneddogwillbeaperfectcopyoftheoriginalone”可知，克隆狗和原來的狗可能并非完全一樣，故選C項。干擾項分析：A項錯在這項技術最近才投入運用，這與其次段中提到的“itpioneeredthetechniquein2005”不符；B項文中沒有提及；D項與第四段第一句“Thewholeprocesstakeslessthanaday,butitcomesatashockinglyhighprice—around￡63,000”不符，故解除A、B、D三項。8．WhatdoesKirkwoodthinkofdogcloning?A．Hedisagreeswithit.B．Hesupportsit.C．Heiscuriousaboutit.D．Hethinksitunbelievable.答案與解析：A考查觀點看法。依據最終一段Kirkwood說的話“Animportantaspectofourrelationshipwiththemiscomingtotermswiththepainoflettinggo”可知，他認為人類和寵物狗之間的關系的一個重要方面是要接受失去它們的苦痛。由此可推知，Kirkwood并不贊成克隆狗，故選A項。C[2024·貴州適應性測試]Almostallcalligraphy(書法)loversagreethatwritingcharacterswithabrushandinkonstrawpaperoffersawaytocommunicatewithnotonlyhistoryandculture,butalsooneself.ButnowChinesecharacterhandwritingisunderthreatfromcomputersandmobilephones.Acollegegraduatelookingforajobwasreportedlyturneddownbyacompanybecausehewrote24charactersincorrectlyina400-characterhandwrittenresume.AsurveybyHorizonKey,coveringpeoplefrom12majorcitiesinChina,foundthatnearlyonethirdofthoseinterviewedoftenexperience“characteramnesia(遺忘)”，with94percentsayingthisisaproblemforthem.ThemainreasonisthatmostChineserelytoomuchonthepinyin-basedChineselanguageinputmethod,whichisreplacingthetraditionofwritingcharactersstroke(筆畫)bystroke.Thesoftwarewillconvenientlychoosetherightcharactersaccordingtothecontextorwordfrequency,astherearedozensofcharacterswiththesamepronunciationinChinese.Educationisanotherproblem.Incollege,mosthomeworkandpapersareprintedout,insteadofhandwritten.Andfewteachersusechalkandblackboards,withMicrosoft'sPowerPointthemost-oftenusedsoftwaretoteachknowledgetostudents.ThenumberofelectronicdevicesintheclassroomisthoughttobeanotherreasonwhystudentsareeasilysatisfiedwithjustapoorknowledgeoftheChineselanguageandcharacters.Itisquickertolookupacharacterinanelectronicdictionary,buttraditionalprinteddictionariesoffermoredetailedinformationontheusageandmeaningofthecharacters.Studentspaymoreattentiontorememberingacharacter'spronunciation,butnottheotherknowledgerelatedtoit,whiche-dictionariesrarelyprovide.Anotherworryisthe“pollution”ofChinesecharactersbyInternetlanguage.YoungpeopleregardusingInternetlanguageascoolandfashionable.Aftertheylearntousetheseexpressions,theyautomaticallyincludethemintheirwriting.體裁：說明文題材：社會文化主題：漢字書寫面臨威逼【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，隨著電腦上的漢語輸入法、辦公軟件以及電子產品的影響，人們手寫漢字的實力在減弱?！倦y句分析】Thesoftwarewillconvenientlychoosetherightcharactersaccordingtothecontextorwordfrequency,astherearedozensofcharacterswiththesamepronunciationinChinese.分析：句中“asthereare...inChinese”為as引導的緣由狀語從句。譯文：這種軟件可以依據上下文或詞語出現的頻率，便利地選擇正確的文字，因為在漢語中，有許多文字有相同的發音。9．Withtheexampleofacollegegraduate,theauthorshows________.A．thatpracticingcanimprovewritingB．why