第PAGE"pagenumber"pagenumber頁，共NUMPAGES"numberofpages"numberofpages頁第PAGE"pagenumber"pagenumber頁，共NUMPAGES"numberofpages"numberofpages頁河南省許昌市2024-2025學年高二上學期1月期末英語試題一、閱讀理解（本大題共5小題）Herearefourstudentpodcasts(播客)thatofferaglimpseintothemindsofstudentsandwhattheysayaboutnewsconcerningclimateintheircommunities—andwhattheyhopetodoaboutit.BehindtheScenesoftheMosquitoFireIna10-episodeseries,asixth-gradeclassattheGeorgetownSchoolofInnovationinGeorgetown,Calif.,sharesstoriesfromthedamagingMosquitoFirein2022.ThisgroupofeightstudentsaskstwofirefightersfromtheGeorgetownFireDepartmentwhatit’sliketofightfiresandprotectlovedonesintheirhometown.Fires:SetAblazeAtChautauquaElementary,theVashonfifth-graderstalkaboutthefar-reachingandlastingimpactofwildfiresandwildfiresmoke—andthedirecteffectsontheirlives,likewaitingfortheschoolbusonasmokyday.Thestudentsalsointerviewexpertsandsharetheirresearchonwildfireprecautions(預防措施).FlowingThroughTimeInthispodcastfromPeakAcademy,agroupofeightmiddleschoolersreportsondealingwithwatershortagesinBozeman,Montana.Theytracethehistoryoftheirgrowinghometown’swatersupply,whichhasbeendependentonmountainsnowmelt.Asthatsourcebecomeslessreliableinawarmingworld,thestudentsturntothegrown-upstoaskwhattheycandotoconservewater.WashedAwayThedeadlyfloodingineasternKentuckylastyearforeverchangedthelivesofhighschoolersRyleyBowman,CarolinaJohnsonandHunterNoble.ThethreeclassmatesatMorganCountyHighSchoolinWestLiberty,Ky.,sharefirsthandaccountsoftheirownandtheirfamily’sexperiencesduringthefloods.1．Whoshowsinterestinfirefighters’stories?A．PeakAcademystudents. B．ChautauquaElementarystudents.C．MorganCountyHighSchoolstudents. D．GeorgetownSchoolofInnovationstudents.2．Whichpodcastshowsconcernforwaterconservation?A．WashedAway. B．Fires:SetAblaze.C．FlowingThroughTime. D．BehindtheScenesoftheMosquitoFire.3．WhatdoFires:SetAblazeandWashedAwayhaveincommon?A．Theyconsultexperts’researchresults.B．Theyexplorethecausesofclimatechange.C．Theysharestudents’personalexperiences.D．Theydiscussprecautionsfornaturaldisasters.“I’veneverpickedthejobsI’vedoneinmylife,”saysMarkSadler,whospent20yearsworkingattheLondonunderground.Butwhenheretired,hebecamealifeguard.Threeyearsago,Sadlerwasgivingbloodwhenhefeltchestpain.Hesays,“Thedoctorasked:‘Doyoudrink?’Yeah,probablytoomuch.‘Doyousmoke?’Yes.TheycouldseebymysizethatIatetoomuch.”ThenSadlerstoppedsmokinganddrinking.“I’vealwayshadtoearnasmuchasIcantoprovideformyfamily,”Sadlersays.Attheunderground,helookedaftertheengineeringfleet(工程車隊).Heworked10-to12-hourdays,andoftenreturnedtovisitthetunnelsatnight.“IfIgotthecallat1,I’dbeonthegoat1:15.”Heregardshiswifeandtwodaughtersas“alwaysthemostimportantthinginmylife”,butwhileheworked,“theywerewrappedinclingfilm(保鮮膜)”.Hemeanshecouldseethem,buttheywereinaseparateworld.That’swhySadlermadehisdaughters,bythenadults,anoffer.“Itoldthem:‘Ifyouhaveachild,Iwillbecomeafull-timegrandparent.’”Forthepastcoupleofyears,hehascombinedcaringforhisgranddaughterwithlifeguardingverywell.Beingagrandparent,hesays,hasshown“howmuchImissed”asafather.Nowheispartofacommunity.“Inmyoldjob,Iusedtosaytoeveryone:‘Everydayyou’relearning.’IfeelthatevenmorenowthatI’vegotto60.I’mdoingsomethingthatIchose.Icanbalancemyjobwithmywifeandfamily.ItiseverythingIwant.”4．WhatmadeSadlerchangehislifestyle?A．Ahealthproblem. B．Pursuitofanidealjob.C．Anaccidentattheunderground. D．Financialpressuresfromhisfamily.5．WhatwasSadler’sexperiencelikewhileworkingattheunderground?A．Itofferedhimflexibility. B．Itwasphysicallydangerous.C．Itwasassociatedwithstress. D．Itallowedhimtotraveltheworld.6．WhydidSadlerdecidetobecomeafull-timegrandparent?A．Toescapejob-relatedburnout. B．Toenjoyhisretirement.C．Tochallengehimself. D．Tofocusonfamily.7．HowdoesSadlerfeelabouthiscareershift?A．Regretful. B．Nervous. C．Relieved. D．Satisfied.Humansareconstantlylookingforbettersolutionstotheproblemswefaceinourdailylives.Onenewschoolofthoughtsuggeststhatanswerscanbefoundinnature.Thisideaiscalled“biomimicry.”Biomimicryproposesthatifotherorganismshavealreadyfoundasolutiontoaproblem,wecancopythatsolutioninsteadofstartingfromthebeginning.Biomimicryusesthevastdevelopmentwe’vemadeinscienceandtechnology.Take,forinstance,thechallengeofkeepingabuildingcleanwithoutusingtoxic(有毒的)chemicals.AteamofGermanscientistslookedatalotus(蓮花)leafunderamicroscope,andtheydiscoveredthesurfaceoftheleafwascoveredwithmountains.Thetinypeaksstoppeddirtparticles(微粒)fromstickingtotheleaves’surface.Theyalsomaderaindropsformintoballs.Asthedropsrolledofftheleaf,theyliftedthedirtandcarrieditaway.Theyscientistsdevelopedatypeofpaintbasedonthestructureofthelotusleaf,whichhasasimilar“mountainous”surfacewhenitdries.Whenthepaintisusedontheoutsideofbuildings,rainwaterwashesthedirtaway.Anotherimportantideainbiomimicryisthathumansshouldtrytocopythewaythatnaturalsystemswork.Mostmodernkitchencabinetsaremadewithgluethatcontainsatoxicchemical.AscientistnamedDr.KaichangLiwantedtofindareplacementgluethatwouldworkjustaswellwithoutthatchemical.Walkingonthebeachoneday,henoticedtheanswerwasrightinfrontofhim.Mussels(貽貝)wereeverywhere,clingingtotherocksinthewater.Afterstudyinghowthemusselsmadetheirstickythreads,hecreatedanontoxicglue.8．Whatisthemaincharacteristicof“biomimicry”?A．Itreliesonreinventingsolutions.B．Itprioritizescopyingoverinnovation.C．Itemphasizestheapplicationofadvancedtechnology.D．Itencouragestheuseoftraditionalmethodsinproblem-solving.9．Whatisthesimilaritybetweenthedriedpaintandlotusleavesaccordingtoparagraph3?A．Theycollectwater. B．Theyhavearoughsurface.C．Theyresistdirtyraindrops. D．Theycontainthesamesubstance.10．Whatmighttheauthorconveythroughthecaseofmakinganontoxicglue?A．Productsshouldberecycledandreused.B．Wasteproductsareaconcerninbiomimicry.C．Glueproductionisasignificantenvironmentalissue.D．Studyingthewaynaturalsystemsworkcanhelpreducepollution.11．Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．Naturedoesitbetter B．LearningfromnatureC．Shouldweputtechnologybackintonature? D．Howcanbiomimicryhelpredesigncivilization?Picturethis:You’rehomealone,andit’snearingdinnertime.Yougrababoxofcookiesfromthecupboard,someolivesandbabycarrotsfromthefridge.Thenyoueatrightoffthekitchencounterwithyourfingers.Alltold,themealtakesfiveminutes,oneplate,andnoutensils(餐具).You,myfriend,havejustmadeyourselfa“girldinner.”WhatoncemayhavebeenasheepishtraditionhasrecentlyachievedviralfameontheinternetthankstoOliviaMaher,whofirstcoinedthephenomenoninaTikTok.Thetrendhassinceamassednearlyonebillionviews.Whereusershavestartedsharingtheirowncreations.Therearesomepotentialbenefitsofthiskindofmeal.Forone,slightlysmallerportions(份額)beforebedtimecouldbeagoodthing.“It’sreallynutritionallybettertoeatalargermealinthemiddleofthedayandalightermealatnight,”

saysKimaCargill,apsychologyprofessor.“Alotofcultureswilljusteat,likeleftovers,orsoupandbreadorsomethingfordinner,”shesays,“whichfromadigestionviewpoint,isabetter.”Womenoftenassumecaretakingrolesinahousehold,ontopofalltheirotherdailyliferesponsibilities.“Girldinnerencouragespeopletolistentoandfollowtheirheart.Itcanbeacelebrationoffreedom,ifonlyforonemeal,fromthatdomesticlabor,”nutritionistAlissaRumseysays.Thetrendhasalsoraisedeyebrowsforwhatsomeargueisasupportforlow-caloriesnacksinsmall,sometimesinsubstantialportions.“Mybiggestconcernwiththisisthatmanyofthese‘girldinners’thatweseeonsocialmediaarenotenough,whichcanbothpromoteandnormalizedisorderedeatingandunder-eating,”Rumseysays.Heradvice:avoidandunfollowanycontentcreatorsthatmakeyoufeelshame.Evenifavideoisn’tdirectlyaboutweightloss,it’shardnottoseeaperson’sdailyfoodintakeasguidelinesonhowtolooklikethem.Butwhatworksforthemmaynotworkforyou.12．Whatdoestheterm“girldinner”referto?A．Alow-effortmeal. B．Aweight-losingdiet.C．Atime-honoredrecipe. D．Amoney-savingsnack.13．WhataspectofthegirldinnerisappreciatedbyKimaCargill?A．It’srichnutritionally. B．It’softeninsmallportions.C．Itstendencytobeeatenathome. D．Itsexpressionofculturalidentity.14．WhatdoesthegirldinnermeantowomenaccordingtoAlissaRumsey?A．Tiresomehousework. B．Efforttomeetkids’wishes.C．Anopportunityforsocializing. D．Abreakfromdailyresponsibilities.15．WhatdoesAlissaRumseyrecommend?A．Limitingyourtimeonline.B．Avoidingfollowingothers’dietsblindly.C．Takinginlow-caloriesnacksinsmallportions.D．Reducingthefrequencyofeatingthegirldinner.ThepursuitofKnowledge:BenefitsofLifelongLearningLifelongLearninghasbecomeessentialinaworldconstantlychangingduetorapidlyadvancingtechnology,evolvingjobfields,andshiftingculturalnorms.16.Inthiscontext,wewillexplorethereasonsforengaginginlifelonglearning.Itincreasesmotivation.Gainingnewknowledgeanddevelopingskillscanbeafunandrewardingexperienceformanypeople.AccordingtothePewResearchCenter,80%oflifelonglearnerssaidthattheypursuedlearningbecausetheydesiredtoacquireknowledgethatwouldhelpmaketheirmoremotivatingandfulfilled(滿足的).17,asyouwouldoftenfeelasenseofaccomplishmentwhenyoulearnnewthings.18.AccordingtoresearchinthePsychologicalSciencejournal,acquiringnewskillsnotonlydeepsyourbrainactiveandsharpbutalsohelpsimprovecognitive(認知的)function,delayingmemoryproblemsasyouage.Additionally,learningnewsubjectsenhancesproblem-solvingskills,asnotedbyDr.BarbaraOakley,anexpertinlearningandengineering.Ithelpsyougrowpersonally.Acquiringnewskillsnotonlyboostsyourconfidencebutalsoempowersyou,exposingyoutoabroaderperspectivebyintroducingdifferentviewsandcultures.19.Itimprovesyourcareer.20,astheyadaptbetteratwork.ALinkedInsurveyalsorevealedthat76%ofprofessionalsbelievelearningnewskillsiscriticaltosuccessintheircareers.A．IthelpsyoustaypositiveB．ItboostsyourbrainpowerC．Itisnolongerjustachoice;itisanecessityD．This,inturn,enhancesyourunderstandingofothersE．39%ofprofessionallearnerssaidtheydesiredtoimprovethemselvestoobtainaraiseF．Continuouslylearningandimprovingyourselfcouldprovideenormousself-satisfactionG．Thereport“TheFutureofJobs”highlightsthatemployersvaluelifelonglearnershighly二、完形填空（本大題共1小題）Attheageof41,Istillstutter(口吃).Iamfinewithitnowbutthatwasn’talwaysthe21.Itwasdifficultforthefirstcoupleofyearsofschool.Infact,Idon’trecallbeing22atall,thoughtherewasagreatdealofcuriosityaboutmy23speech.Afewyearslater,Ibeganto24beingdifferent.IfeltthatIstoodoutforallthewrongreasons.Just25thepainofnotevenbeingabletosayyourownname,Iwouldoftengive26nameswhenmeetingnewpeople,becauseitwaseasier.Itwas27formetobeJasonorMike,ChrisorKevinorjustwhateversoundsIwasconfidentIcouldmakeatthatparticularmoment.Sometimeineighthgrade,my28changed.IturnedwhatI’dalwaysthoughtofasanegativeintoapositive.Ifinally29thatdifferenceandranwithit.30waitinginfearfortheteacherto31myname,IraisedmyhandwhenIknewtheanswertoaquestion.Ialwaysvolunteeredtoreadandevenusedoralpresentationsasanopportunitytoshowmycomedictalents.Iwentfromastutteringkidwhoseldomspokeawordtoastutteringmanwhonowspeaksfora(n)32.Self-acceptancecontinuestobeessentialinthesuccessI’veexperiencedasaspeaker,comedian,writerandsoldier.Myonly33isthatitdidn’thappensooner.It’snevereasytobeakid.It’sespecially34whenyou’redifferent,butitdoesn’thavetobe.Thetimetoacceptyour35isnow.21．A．process B．reason C．case D．target22．A．madeuseof B．stirredup C．takencareof D．madefunof23．A．abnormal B．long C．informal D．chosen24．A．desire B．promise C．dislike D．suspect25．A．imagine B．avoid C．predict D．record26．A．similar B．false C．official D．personal27．A．fatal B．common C．familiar D．strange28．A．duty B．option C．identity D．attitude29．A．repeated B．postponed C．accepted D．spotted30．A．Insteadof B．Dueto C．Asfor D．Inreturnfor31．A．type B．change C．call D．spell32．A．award B．promise C．excuse D．living33．A．request B．regret C．decision D．explanation34．A．natural B．beneficial C．essential D．tough35．A．intelligence B．uniqueness C．advantage D．mistake三、語法填空（本大題共1小題）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。Themamianqunorhorse-facedskirtisaskirtthatfirstoriginatedsomewhereclosetotheSongDynasty.It’snamedthiswaybecauseit36(look)likethemarnianfortress(要塞),whichhasstairsoneithersideandadoorin37frontandback.The‘doors’sidesofthefortress38(know)asthe“horsefaces”ormamianbecausethesewerethefacesofthefortresswherehorseswouldpassthrough.Themamianqungainedgreat39(popular)duringtheMingDynastyandremainedfashionableduringtheQingDynasty.Thesedays,mamianqunhasbeenmodernized40anumberofways.Keeptheshirtsimple,usuallyjustplainwhite,sothatalltheattentioncanbeonthe41(color)skirtanditscomplicateddesigns.42(alternative),ifyoupreferamorefeminine(女性的)feel,youcanchoosemamianquninspiredbytheSongDynasty,43typicallycomesinlightercolorsandfeaturessimplerdesigns,thoughittakeslongertime44(find)them.Someofthefabricsformamianqunareincrediblethesedays,45(involve)imagesofadorablecartoonrabbitsandcatswhilestilllookingveryclassyfromadistance!四、書信寫作（本大題共1小題）46．世界海洋日即將到來，你校計劃組織同學們觀看自然紀錄片(documentary)《蔚藍之境》。該片以中國近海為舞臺，著眼海洋生態和資源，呈現一片神秘、壯闊、充滿活力的蔚藍之境。請用英語寫一封信，邀請你的交換生朋友Allen一起觀看。內容包括：1.簡單介紹《蔚藍之境》(“TheBlueWorld”)；2.觀看時間和地點。注意：1.寫作詞數應為80左右。2.請按如下格式在答題卡上的相應位置作答。DearAllen,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua五、書面表達（本大題共1小題）47．閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。WhenIwasakid,myparentsbroughtmeafour-month-oldpuppy(小狗).MyfamilynamedthepuppyDusty.AlthoughIwantedtolayonlyclaimtoheraffections,inafamilyofsevenkids,noonelayspermanentclaimtothefamilypet.Dustywasourdog,not“my”dog.Wesoonrealizedthatshehadpatience.MybabysisteroftentransformedDusty’swarmfurintoanaptimepillow—fallingasleeponthecarpet.Likeaprotectivemother,Dustywaited—withoutmoving—untilmysisterwoke.Dustydoubledasaschoolcrossingguard,too.MondaythroughFridayshe’dwalkuskidstwoblockstoSt.Patrick’sParochial,lookingbothwaystocheckforthetrafficbeforeallowingustocrossthestreet.We’dwavegood-byeasweenteredthedoor,knowingDustywouldbewaitingattheschooldoortoclaimusatthecloseoftheschoolday.OfallthecontributionsDustymadetoourfamily,oneincidentstandsoutfaraboveallothers.Lateonenight,Dustyrushedtomyparents’bedroom.Shebarkedandbarked.Whenshegotnoresponse,Dustyracedupstairstomybedroomandmybrothers’bedroomandbarkedagainandagain.Whenshefailedtofullywakeus,sheflewbackdownthestepsandreturnedtomyparents’room.Finally,shegotMom’sattention.“Whatareyoudoing,Dusty?”Momsaid,stillhalfwayindreamland.Dustypersisted(堅持).Finallymymothergavein.“Okay,whatisit?”DustyrushedoutofMom'sroom.Thinkingthedogneededtobeletouttorelieveherself,mymotherfollowedDustytothefrontdoor.注意：1.續寫詞數應為150左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡上的相應位置作答。WhenMomopenedthedoor,Dustytoreacrossthestreet,notstoppingtodoherbusinessasmymotherhadassumed.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Mymothercalledthefiredepartmentimmediately.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

參考答案【答案】1．D2．C3．C【分析】本文是一篇應用文，主要介紹了四個學生播客，他們關注自己社區的氣候新聞，并分享他們的觀點和希望采取的行動。【解析】1．細節理解題。根據文章第二段“Ina10-episodeseries,asixth-gradeclassattheGeorgetownSchoolofInnovationinGeorgetown,Calif.,sharesstoriesfromthedamagingMosquitoFirein2022.ThisgroupofeightstudentsaskstwofirefightersfromtheGeorgetownFireDepartmentwhatit’sliketofightfiresandprotectlovedonesintheirhometown.”（在一個10集的系列節目中，加州喬治城喬治敦創新學院的一個六年級班級分享了2022年破壞性的蚊子大火的故事。這組8名學生向來自喬治城消防局的兩名消防員詢問在家鄉救火和保護親人是什么感覺）可知，GeorgetownSchoolofInnovation的學生對消防員的故事感興趣。故選D。2．細節理解題。根據文章FlowingThroughTime下“InthispodcastfromPeakAcademy,agroupofeightmiddleschoolersreportsondealingwithwatershortagesinBozeman,Montana.Theytracethehistoryoftheirgrowinghometown’swatersupply,whichhasbeendependentonmountainsnowmelt.Asthatsourcebecomeslessreliableinawarmingworld,thestudentsturntothegrown-upstoaskwhattheycandotoconservewater.”（在這個來自PeakAcademy的播客中，八個中學生報道了他們如何應對蒙大拿州博茲曼的水資源短缺。他們追溯了他們不斷發展的家鄉的供水歷史，這個供水源依賴于山上的雪水融化。隨著這個水源在全球變暖的世界中變得不可靠，學生們轉向成年人，詢問他們可以做些什么來節約水資源。）可知，FlowingThroughTime的播客關注水資源保護。故選C。3．細節理解題。根據文章第三段“AtChautauquaElementary,theVashonfifth-graderstalkaboutthefar-reachingandlastingimpactofwildfiresandwildfiresmoke—andthedirecteffectsontheirlives,likewaitingfortheschoolbusonasmokyday.Thestudentsalsointerviewexpertsandsharetheirresearchonwildfireprecautions(預防措施).”（在肖托夸小學，瓦松小學的五年級學生談論野火和野火煙霧的深遠而持久的影響，以及對他們生活的直接影響，如在煙霧彌漫的日子里等校車。學生們還采訪了專家，分享了他們對野火預防措施的研究）和第五段“ThedeadlyfloodingineasternKentuckylastyearforeverchangedthelivesofhighschoolersRyleyBowman,CarolinaJohnsonandHunterNoble.ThethreeclassmatesatMorganCountyHighSchoolinWestLiberty,Ky.,sharefirsthandaccountsoftheirownandtheirfamily’sexperiencesduringthefloods.”（去年發生在肯塔基州東部的致命洪水永遠地改變了高中生賴利·鮑曼、卡羅萊納·約翰遜和亨特·諾布爾的生活。肯塔基州西自由市摩根縣高中的三名同學分享了他們自己和家人在洪水中的親身經歷）可知，Fires:SetAblaze和WashedAway共同之處是他們分享學生的個人經歷。故選C。【答案】4．A5．C6．D7．D【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了馬克?薩德勒在倫敦地鐵工作了20年，當他退休后，他成為了一名救生員。講述了他的個人經歷。【解析】4．細節理解題。根據第二段“Threeyearsago,Sadlerwasgivingbloodwhenhefeltchestpain.Hesays,“Thedoctorasked:‘Doyoudrink?’Yeah,probablytoomuch.‘Doyousmoke?’Yes.TheycouldseebymysizethatIatetoomuch.”ThenSadlerstoppedsmokinganddrinking.(三年前，薩德勒在獻血時感到胸痛。他說：“醫生問我：‘你喝酒嗎？“是的，可能太多了。‘你抽煙嗎？’是的。他們可以從我的身材看出我吃得太多了。”后來，薩德勒停止了吸煙和飲酒)”可知，健康問題讓薩德勒改變了他的生活方式。故選A。5．細節理解題。根據第三段“Heworked10-to12-hourdays,andoftenreturnedtovisitthetunnelsatnight.“IfIgotthecallat1,I’dbeonthegoat1:15.”(他每天工作10到12個小時，并經常在晚上回到隧道。“如果我在1點接到電話，我就會在1點15分開始工作。”)”可知，薩德勒在地鐵的工作是有壓力的。故選C。6．細節理解題。根據倒數第二段“That’swhySadlermadehisdaughters,bythenadults,anoffer.“Itoldthem:‘Ifyouhaveachild,Iwillbecomeafull-timegrandparent.’”Forthepastcoupleofyears,hehascombinedcaringforhisgranddaughterwithlifeguardingverywell.Beingagrandparent,hesays,hasshown“howmuchImissed”asafather.(這就是為什么薩德勒給當時已經成年的女兒們提議。“我告訴他們：‘如果你們有孩子，我就當全職爺爺。’”在過去的幾年里，他把照顧孫女和救生員結合得很好。他說，當上了祖父母，讓我看到了自己當父親時“錯過了很多”)”可知，薩德勒決定成為一名全職祖父母是為了關注家庭。故選D。7．推理判斷題。根據最后一段“IfeelthatevenmorenowthatI’vegotto60.I’mdoingsomethingthatIchose.Icanbalancemyjobwithmywifeandfamily.ItiseverythingIwant.(現在我已經60歲了，這種感覺更加強烈。我在做我選擇的事情。我可以平衡我的工作與我的妻子和家庭。這是我想要的一切)”可知，薩德勒對自己的職業轉變感到滿意。故選D。【答案】8．B9．B10．D11．B【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了什么是“仿生學”以及仿生學的優點。【解析】8．細節理解題。根據第二段“Biomimicryproposesthatifotherorganismshavealreadyfoundasolutiontoaproblem,wecancopythatsolutioninsteadofstartingfromthebeginning.(仿生學認為，如果其他生物已經找到了解決問題的方法，我們可以復制這個方法，而不是從頭開始)”可知，“仿生學”的主要特征是優先考慮復制而不是創新。故選B。9．細節理解題。根據第三段“AteamofGermanscientistslookedatalotus(蓮花)leafunderamicroscope,andtheydiscoveredthesurfaceoftheleafwascoveredwithmountains.Thetinypeaksstoppeddirtparticles(微粒)fromstickingtotheleaves’surface.Theyalsomaderaindropsformintoballs.Asthedropsrolledofftheleaf,theyliftedthedirtandcarrieditaway.Theyscientistsdevelopedatypeofpaintbasedonthestructureofthelotusleaf,whichhasasimilar“mountainous”surfacewhenitdries.Whenthepaintisusedontheoutsideofbuildings,rainwaterwashesthedirtaway.(一組德國科學家在顯微鏡下觀察了一片荷葉，他們發現葉子的表面覆蓋著“山脈”。這些微小的尖峰阻止了污垢顆粒粘在葉子表面。它們還把雨滴做成球。當水珠從葉子上滾下來時，它們把泥土帶走了。科學家們根據荷葉的結構開發了一種涂料，這種涂料在干燥時具有類似的“山區”表面。當油漆用于建筑物外部時，雨水會將污垢沖走)”可知，涂料和荷葉的相似之處是都表面粗糙。故選B。10．推理判斷題。根據最后一段“AscientistnamedDr.KaichangLiwantedtofindareplacementgluethatwouldworkjustaswellwithoutthatchemical.Walkingonthebeachoneday,henoticedtheanswerwasrightinfrontofhim.Mussels(貽貝)wereeverywhere,clingingtotherocksinthewater.Afterstudyinghowthemusselsmadetheirstickythreads,hecreatedanontoxicglue.(一位名叫李開昌博士的科學家想找到一種替代膠水，它可以在沒有這種化學物質的情況下發揮同樣的作用。一天，他在海灘上散步，發現答案就在他面前。貽貝到處都是，粘在水里的巖石上。在研究了貽貝如何制造粘稠的線之后，他發明了一種無毒的膠水)”可知，作者想通過制造無毒膠水的案例來表明研究自然系統的工作方式有助于減少污染。故選D。11．主旨大意題。根據第一段“Humansareconstantlylookingforbettersolutionstotheproblemswefaceinourdailylives.Onenewschoolofthoughtsuggeststhatanswerscanbefoundinnature.Thisideaiscalled“biomimicry.”(人類一直在尋找更好的解決方案來解決我們日常生活中面臨的問題。一種新的思想流派認為答案可以在自然界中找到。這個想法被稱為“仿生學”)”結合文章主要介紹了什么是“仿生學”以及仿生學的優點可知，B選項“向自然學習”最符合文章標題。故選B。【答案】12．A13．B14．D15．B【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了“girldinner”這一現象的起源、特點、利弊等。【解析】12．細節理解題。根據文章第一段“Thenyoueatrightoffthekitchencounterwithyourfingers.Alltold,themealtakesfiveminutes,oneplate,andnoutensils(餐具).You,myfriend,havejustmadeyourselfa“girldinner.”(然后你可以直接在廚房的柜臺上用手指吃東西。總而言之，這頓飯只花了五分鐘，一個盤子，沒有餐具。你，朋友，剛剛為自己做了一頓“girldinner”)”可知，“girldinner”指的是一頓不費力的飯。故選A。13．細節理解題。根據文章第三段“Therearesomepotentialbenefitsofthiskindofmeal.Forone,slightlysmallerportions(份額)beforebedtimecouldbeagoodthing.“It’sreallynutritionallybettertoeatalargermealinthemiddleofthedayandalightermealatnight,”saysKimaCargill,apsychologyprofessor.(這種飲食有一些潛在的好處。首先，睡前少吃一點可能是件好事。心理學教授KimaCargill說：“中午多吃一頓，晚上少吃一點，從營養上來說真的更好”)”可知，KimaCargill欣賞“girldinner”的地方在于它常常量少。故選B。14．細節理解題。根據文章第四段““Girldinnerencouragespeopletolistentoandfollowtheirheart.Itcanbeacelebrationoffreedom,ifonlyforonemeal,fromthatdomesticlabor,”nutritionistAlissaRumseysays.(“girldinner”鼓勵人們傾聽和跟隨自己的內心。它可以是對自由的慶祝，即使只是一頓飯，也可以擺脫家務勞動，營養學家阿麗莎·拉姆齊說)”可知，AlissaRumsey認為“girldinner”對于女性而言，是擺脫日常責任的一個喘息機會。故選D。15．推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段“Butwhatworksforthemmaynotworkforyou.(但對他們有效的方法可能對你不起作用)”可知，AlissaRumsey建議不要盲目跟從別人的飲食習慣。故選B。【答案】16．C17．F18．B19．D20．G【分析】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要討論了終身學習的重要性和好處，包括增加動力、提升腦力、促進個人成長和改善職業生涯等方面。【解析】16．根據空前“LifelongLearninghasbecomeessentialinaworldconstantlychangingduetorapidlyadvancingtechnology,evolvingjobfields,andshiftingculturalnorms.(在一個因科技飛速進步、職業領域不斷演變以及文化規范持續變化而日新月異的世界里，終身學習已變得至關重要)”可知，上文提到終身學習在不斷變化的世界中變得至關重要。選項C“Itisnolongerjustachoice;itisanecessity(它不再僅僅是一種選擇，而是一種必要)”進一步強調了終身學習的必要性，承接上文，符合語境。故選C。17．根據上文“Itincreasesmotivation.Gainingnewknowledgeanddevelopingskillscanbeafunandrewardingexperienceformanypeople.AccordingtothePewResearchCenter,80%oflifelonglearnerssaidthattheypursuedlearningbecausetheydesiredtoacquireknowledgethatwouldhelpmaketheirmoremotivatingandfulfilled(滿足的).(終身學習能提升動力。對許多人而言，獲取新知識和培養技能是一種有趣且有益的體驗。皮尤研究中心的數據顯示，80%的終身學習者表示，他們追求學習是因為渴望獲取能讓生活更具動力和滿足感的知識)”可知，段主題是終身學習能增加動力，空前指出很多人認為獲取新知識和技能是有趣且有回報的經歷，80%的終身學習者因渴望獲取知識而學習。選項F“Continuouslylearningandimprovingyourselfcouldprovideenormousself-satisfaction(不斷學習和提升自己能帶來巨大的自我滿足感)”延續上文內容，同時與空后“asyouwouldoftenfeelasenseofaccomplishmentwhenyoulearnnewthings(因為當你學習新事物時，往往會有一種成就感)”相呼應，解釋了學習帶來動力的原因。故選F。18．空處為段首句，為本段主要內容。根據下文“AccordingtoresearchinthePsychologicalSciencejournal,acquiringnewskillsnotonlydeepsyourbrainactiveandsharpbutalsohelpsimprovecognitive(認知的)function,delayingmemoryproblemsasyouage.Additionally,learningnewsubjectsenhancesproblem-solvingskills,asnotedbyDr.BarbaraOakley,anexpertinlearningandengineering.(《心理科學》雜志的研究表明，掌握新技能不僅能讓大腦保持活躍和敏銳，還能幫助提升認知功能，隨著年齡增長延緩記憶問題的出現。此外，學習新學科能提高解決問題的能力，學習與工程領域的專家芭芭拉?奧克利博士指出了這一點。)”可知，本段講述了獲取新技能能讓大腦保持活躍敏銳，有助于提高認知功能，延緩記憶問題，這都與大腦能力相關。選項B“Itboostsyourbrainpower(它增強你的腦力)”符合本段主旨大意。故選B。19．根據上文“Ithelpsyougrowpersonally.Acquiringnewskillsnotonlyboostsyourconfidencebutalsoempowersyou,exposingyoutoabroaderperspectivebyintroducingdifferentviewsandcultures.(終身學習有助于個人成長。掌握新技能不僅能增強自信，還能賦予你力量，通過接觸不同的觀點和文化，讓你擁有更廣闊的視野)”可知，此段