第PAGE"pagenumber"pagenumber頁，共NUMPAGES"numberofpages"numberofpages頁第PAGE"pagenumber"pagenumber頁，共NUMPAGES"numberofpages"numberofpages頁廣東省佛山市2024-2025學年高二上學期1月期末英語試題一、閱讀理解（本大題共3小題）In1980,whenMalcolmCampbellwasaseniorinhighschool,hetookahistoryclasswithateachernamedDonLawson.OneoftheunitsthatMr.Lawsontaughtwasaboutthe1960s,andmovementsagainsttheVietnamWar.Fortwodays,Mr.LawsonplayedthemsongsbyBobDylantoshowthatartcanbeanimportantvehicleforprotest.Onthesecondday,Campbellraisedhishand,withaquestion.“Isthisgonnabeonthetest?”herecalledasking.“AndMr.Lawsonlookedatmeandsaid,‘No,man,thisisforyou,’”Campbellsaid.That’swhenCampbellsuddenlyunderstoodwhatMr.Lawsonwastryingtodo.“Itwaslikeinthemovies,”Campbellremembered.“Alightwentoffinmyhead,andIrealized,‘Wow,he’splannedthismaterialnotforthecontent,butforpersonalenrichment—formyownepiphany.’”Campbellwentontoearnadoctor’sdegreeinbiology.Fromthere,hespent30yearsteachingbiologyatDavidsonCollege.Allalong,hekeptthelessonsofMr.Lawsoninthebackofhismind.“Itriedtoconveytheideatomystudentsthattheyshouldbeaseageraspossibleinschool,andlearnasmuchaspossible,”Campbellsaid.“Don’tworryaboutpleasingme.Doitforyourself,”Campbelltoldhisstudents.Campbellrecentlyretiredfromteaching.Lookingbackathislongacademiccareer,oneofhisproudestachievementswashelpingstudentshavetheirownmomentsofenlightenment(啟迪).“That’sanamazingcareer—basicallyIgoaroundthrowinglitmatchesontomassesofleavesandwatchingthemtakefire,”Campbellsaid.“Andthat’sprettycool.Becauseoncetheyreallyunderstandwhatlearningis,allyougottadoisaddthatmatch,andpoof...they’regoingtolearntherestoftheirlives,”Campbellsaid.“Andthat’swhatMr.Lawsondidforme.”1．WhydidMr.LawsonplayDylan’ssongsinclass?A．Tohighlighttheroleofsongs. B．Toprovidethecontentsofexams.C．Toencouragestudents’interaction. D．ToprotestagainsttheVietnamWar.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“epiphany”probablymean?A．Interest. B．Realization. C．Passion. D．Reflection.3．Whatshouldateacherdoaccordingtothelastparagraph?A．Learnfromexperiencedteachers. B．Arousestudents’passionforlearning.C．Devotetheirwholelifetothecareer. D．Provideprofessionalhelpforstudents.Everyspring,abouttwobillionbirdsflythroughTexas.However,lightpollutioninurbanareascanbedeadlyformanymigratory(遷徙的)species.TheexpertsfromtheTexasConservationAlliance,whorantheLightsOutprogramin2020,convinceddowntownbusinessesandresidentstoswitchoffunnecessarylightingfrom11p.m.to6a.m.duringspringandautumn,reducinglightpollutionthatisotherwisemisleadingtobirds.AsofOctober31of2024,theteamrecorded42birddeaths,downfromthe110deathsdocumentedinthefallof2023.ThisispartlyduetothesupportofdowntownbuildingownerswhohaveagreedtoturnofflightsovernightafterjoiningtheLightsOutprogramin2021.Inadditiontomakingtheverysimpleswitch,LightsOutteachescityofficialsandotherinvolvedpartieshowtodecreaselightpollutionandsaveurbanwildlife.TheAlliancehasalsodevelopedawaytoforecastbirdmigrationduringspecifictimesandinspecificlocations,helpingresidentsandbusinessespredictwhenbirdsmaypasssotheycanactivatetheLightsOutprogrammoreaccurately.Andit’snotjustawinforthebirds,butforeveryonewhosharesanecosystemwiththem.Birdsaregoodsignsofecosystemhealth.Plus,birdslookandsoundreallycoolandhaveinterestingbehaviors.Birdloverscandotheirpart,too.TheLightsOutprogram,forinstance,hasstartedusingdBird,awebsitewhereresidentscanreportcasesofdeadandinjuredbirds,whichhelpsexpertstargettheirefforts.“We’reonlyoneteam.Wecan’tcollectallthedataonthebuildingstrikes.Weknowthereismorehappening,”directorMeiLingLiutoldareporter.“Sospreadingthewordthatanyonecanreportabirdstrikeandhelpuscollectthisdataiswhatwe’retryingtodowiththiswebsite.”4．Whatdoesparagraph3tellusabouttheLightsOutprogram?A．Itraisedawarenessofconservation. B．Itaimedtoreduceelectricitywaste.C．Ithelpeddecreasethedeathsofbirds. D．Itbecamepopularamongthecountry.5．Whatisthepurposeofparagraph5?A．Toexplorewaysofconservation. B．Torecognizetheimportanceofbirds.C．Toconfirmthefunctionofecosystem. D．Toassesstheeffectivenessoftheprogram6．WhatisthesignificanceofdBird?A．Ittracksthereportedbirds. B．Itbringsbirdenthusiaststogether.C．Itincreasesthenumberofbirds. D．Itallowsbirdloverstocontribute.7．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．GoDarktoSaveBirds B．LeadtheBirdsHomeC．RescuetheDyingBirds D．TurnOffLightsforFutureWhenitcomestotellingwhethersomeoneislying,wecurrentlyhaveveryfewoptions,butateamofIsraeliresearchersclaimstohavecomeupwithsomethingbetterthananythingwe’veseenbefore.Usingstickerscontainingelectrodes(電極)thattracktheactivityofmuscles,theresearchers.ledbyProfessorDinoLevy,discoveredthatsomepeopleunintentionallyactivatemusclesintheircheeksandeyebrowswhentheylie.Nosensorshadbeenabletomeasuretheseminormusclemovementsbefore,buttheinnovativeonesinventedbyDinoLevyprovedsensitiveenough.Basedontheassumptionthatfacialmusclescontort(扭曲)whenwelie,Levy’steamattachedthenovelstickerstoanumberoftestsubjects’checksandeyebrows,andmadethemsitface-to-facewhiletheteamspokeaseriesofwords,sometrueandsomefalse.Oneofthesubjectsworeheadphonesandhadtorepeatthewordsbeingtold,whichmeantsometimestheyhadtoliewhilerepeatingfalsewords.Thepersonsittingontheothersidehadtofigureoutwhentheywerebeingliedto.Atsomepoint,theychangedroles.Asexpected,studysubjectshadaverytoughtimedetecting(發現)theirpartners’lies.Theelectricalsignalsdeliveredbytheelectrodesattachedtotheirfaces,ontheotherhand,managedtocatchliesatarateof73%,betterthananyotherexistingtechnology.“Inourstudy,wehadtheadvantageofknowingwhatthesubjectsheardthroughtheheadsets,andthereforealsoknowingwhentheywerelying,”Levysaid.“Thus,usingadvancedmachinelearningtechniques,wetrainedourprogramtodetectliesbasedonsignalsfromtheelectrodes.”Oncetheliedetectionrateimprovesenough,thistechnologycouldbeusedinmanyareas,suchasairportsecurity,onlinejobinterviews,andevenpoliceinvestigations.Itwouldhelpdetectliesmorecorrectlyandquickly,makingitausefultoolforfieldsthatrelyontrustandtruthfulness.8．WhatistheIsraeliresearchers’achievement?A．Atechniqueformachinelearning. B．Anewwayofconductingresearch.C．Amethodfordetectinghumanlies. D．Anewassumptionabouthumanlying.9．Whydidtheresearchersaskthesubjectstodetectlies?A．Tomeasurethesubjects’ability. B．Toexplorethemotivesbehindlies.C．Totestthenewtypeoftechnology. D．Totrackthesubjects’muscleactivities.10．Whatdoesthelastparagraphsuggestaboutthetechnology?A．Ithasbeenusedinmanyfields. B．Itwillreplacehumansinfuturejobs.C．Itrequireslargeamountsoftests. D．Itshowsgreatpotentialforfutureuse.二、其他（本大題共1小題）11．將下列語句（A、B、C、D和E）按題號排序，構成一個符合邏輯的完整語篇。A．Natureisconnectedandcontrolledbymanyfoodchains(鏈).Afoodchaindescribeswhoeatswhominahabitat.B．Withrisingawarenessofhowweaffectthenaturalenvironment,hopefullywecanlearntoprotectthesefoodchainsandhelpthemtogrow.Otherwisethecontinuedlossofspecieswilleventuallymeanourownextinction.C．Althoughtherearestrictrulescontrollingthemovementofanimalsandplantsbetweencountriesnowadays,somepartsoftheworldarestillexperiencingproblemswithinvasive(入侵的)speciesintroducedhundredsofyearsago.D．Whenoneofthelinksinafoodchainisnolongerpresent-forexample,aspeciesgoesextinct-thefoodchainbreaksandsometimesthiscancauseotheranimalstodisappearandthewholesystemcanbecomeimbalancedorevencollapse.E.Usually,humanactivityisthemaincauseofafoodchainbreak.Whenpeoplefirstexploredtheworld,theytookanimalandplantspeciesfromtheirhometotheplacestheyexplored.Theydidnotrealizethatintroducinginvasivespecieswasactuallybreakingthenaturalfoodchainsthere.→→→→三、閱讀理解（本大題共1小題）Habitsallowustomakeactionsweperformfrequentlyautomatic,forexample,cookingfamiliarfoodsanddrivinghomefromwork.Consistentlypracticinggoodbehaviorhelpstodeveloppositiveandlastinghabits.12Andbothbuildinggoodhabitsandbreakingbadhabitscanbechallenging,solearningsomeeffectivestrategiesisnecessary.13Therewardmustbedeliveredconsistentlyandimmediatelyafterthedesiredbehavior.Forexample,youcouldrewardyourselfforcleaningtheapartmentbyplayingyourfavoritevideogame.Remembertodothepleasurableactivityeachtimeyouperformthehealthybehavior.14Haveyounoticedchangesinyourshoppingbehaviorafteralocalshoppingcenterrearrangesitslayout?Thisisbecausechangingenvironmentalsignalsaffectshabitualbehavior.15Theseincludegoingtocollege,startinganewjob,gettingmarried,retiring,andsoon.It’simportanttorecognizetheseopportunities:theyarechancestoreshapeourhabits.Forexample,notlivingnexttoafast-foodrestaurantcanbeanopportunitytoformhealthiereatinghabits.Tobreakbadhabits,wemayconsiderincreasingthedifficultyofperformingunhealthybehaviors.16ThisiswhatItoldafriendcomplainingaboutherlittleboy’sunhealthyeatinghabits.Isuggestedthemothermakeitmoretime-consumingfortheboytoaccessfattyandsweetsnackswhilemakingfreshfruitseasilyaccessibletothechild.A．Thisregularityhelpsstrengthenthehabit.B．Thiswillhelpchildrenrealizetheirbadhabits.C．Itoftenoccursasaresultoflifecoursechanges.D．Butunhealthybehaviorscanalsobecomehabitual.E．Itisimportantforthesocietytobuildarewardsystem.F．Atthesametime,weshouldmakeiteasiertoperformthegoodhabit.G．Toturnahealthybehaviorintoahabit,youcanthinkofaneffectivereward.四、完形填空（本大題共1小題）Anemergencycallfromadadhavingchestpainsandtroublebreathingcanbeascarything.Butthankfully,a(n)17betweenthatdad’s5-year-olddaughterandpolicedispatcher(調度員)JasonBonhamturnedouttobemorehumorthan18.Therecordinghasrepeatedlygoneviral(走紅)since2010.It’sperfectly19.WhenanIndianadadcalledthepoliceandcouldn’t20,hisdaughterSavannahpickedupthephone.Remainingremarkablycalm,thegirl21answeredJason’squestions-andaddedherlivereportaswell.AtJason’srequest,shemadesurethefrontdoorwas22sotheemergencycrewcouldgetin.Shetoldhimabouttheirdog,who“barksalot,”butwas“friendly.”She23herdad,saying“Don’tworry,Dad”and“Staycalm,Dad.”ShealsokeptJasoninformedwithwhatwashappening,repeatedlysaying,“Sofar,sogood.”Butthemost24partwaswhenSavannahtoldJasonsheandherdadwereintheir“jammies(睡衣)”soshe’dhavetochange.“Idon’tknowwhatI’mgonna25,but...oh,Dadreallyneedsoxygen,realfast.”JasonsaidhewassurprisedbyhowSavannah26thecall.“Mostpeoplewouldgetfrightenedinsuchasituation.EverytimeIlistentotherecordingI’m27.She’sjustalittleperson.”28,despitethescare,everythingturnedoutfineforSavannah’sdad.Whenthe29wentviral,hermompostedonthesocialmedia,“WearesogratefulthatSavannah’semergencycallisstillbeing30.Itmakestheentirenightworthwhile.Themore31itbringsandthemoreadultsteachchildrenwhattodo,thebetter!”17．A．quarrel B．agreement C．conversation D．secret18．A．horror B．inspiration C．surprise D．disappointment19．A．acceptable B．suitable C．hopeless D．timeless20．A．move B．talk C．wait D．help21．A．eagerly B．expertly C．politely D．casually22．A．unlocked B．undamaged C．checked D．marked23．A．wokeup B．dressedup C．comforted D．pleased24．A．amusing B．touching C．important D．curious25．A．take B．do C．find D．wear26．A．viewed B．handled C．made D．expected27．A．concerned B．amazed C．satisfied D．relaxed28．A．Somehow B．Indeed C．Luckily D．Ironically29．A．joke B．interview C．story D．article30．A．passedaround B．referredto C．studied D．checked31．A．guidance B．opportunity C．encouragement D．awareness五、語法填空（本大題共1小題）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當的內容(1個單詞)或括號內單詞的正確形式。TwoAmericanofficersrecentlyhadanunexpectedencounterinthelineofduty.Theofficerspulledoveracar.Theirguns32(draw)becausesuchsituationsoftenturndeadly,andcarefulnessisnecessary.Unexpectedly,twochildren,a10-year-oldboyandan11-year-oldgirl,33(step)outofthecar.Thetwochildren,34aresiblings(姐弟),turnedouttoberunaways.Forthegirl,hermother35(take)awayherelectronicdeviceswasthebreakingpoint.ShewastryingtoescapetoCalifornia36herbrother.Manychildrenrunawayfromhomeatsomepointintheirchildhood,37mostdonotgetfar.Inthiscase,38pairhadtraveled320kilometers.Themotherofthechildrenhadreportedhercar39(steal)andherchildrenmissingfourhours40(early),buthadnotguessedthechildrenhadactuallytakenthecar.Thepoliceinterviewedthechildrenandconcludedtheywerenotbeingmistreatedathome.Clearly,themotherwouldneverchoose41(press)chargesagainstherchildren.六、單項選擇（本大題共10小題）42．Mostofthefoodtheybuyisprocessedinsomeway.A．broughtin B．sentover C．prepared D．labeled43．I’dliketohighlightthebenefitsofextensivereading.A．stress B．prove C．discuss D．explain44．Theirtalkinthelibrarygetsinthewayofmyconcentration.A．breaks B．requires C．attracts D．avoids45．Iwasbornwithanenormousamountofdriveandenthusiasm.A．ability B．skills C．imagination D．energy46．Eleanorspentmuchofthesummerbrushinguponherdriving.A．testing B．practicing C．learningfrom D．doingresearchon47．I’mgladthathedidn’tsimplyovertakeMichaelandcomethird.A．laughat B．takenoticeof C．pass D．ignore48．Theyhaveshiftedtheirattitudestomentalillnessinrecentyears.A．maintained B．changed C．expressed D．shaped49．Thepoorsalesperformanceisdowntotheineffectivemarketingstrategy.A．leadsto B．arisesfrom C．hasaninfluenceon D．takestheformof50．I’mwaybeyondashyperson,butI’mwiredupeveryday,likemostpeople.A．similarto B．thesameas C．familiarwith D．farfrom51．Afterhundredsoffailedexperiments,theycameacrossapromisingchemical.A．dangerous B．industrial C．pure D．favorable七、單詞拼寫（本大題共10小題）52．Youcancmebyemailifyouhaveanyquestions.(根據首字母單詞拼寫)53．Soonerorlateryou’llathebeautyofthislanguage.(根據首字母單詞拼寫)54．Itisadjobandsheneedstoworkhardtodoitwell.(根據首字母單詞拼寫)55．Thelocalgovernmenteaschooltogetthesekidseducated.(根據首字母單詞拼寫)56．Theflooddthewholevillage,leavingthousandsofpeoplehomeless.(根據首字母單詞拼寫)57．Hegoestothegymona(n)(有規律的)basistokeepfit.(根據漢語提示單詞拼寫)58．Thebuswasso(擁擠)thattherewasbarelyanyroomtostand.(根據漢語提示單詞拼寫)59．Wearepleasedto(宣告)thatalltheapplicantsweresuccessful.(根據漢語提示單詞拼寫)60．Hecanalwayssortoutsimple,effective(解決辦法)topracticalproblems.(根據漢語提示單詞拼寫)61．Studentsareexpectedto(掌握)somecutting-edgeinformationtechnology.(根據漢語提示單詞拼寫)八、翻譯（本大題共3小題）62．女孩在閱讀方面表現優于男孩，這與女孩更享受閱讀有關。(漢譯英)63．成功不是由你擁有多少錢來衡量，而是由你為社會作了多少貢獻來衡量的。（漢譯英）64．這件事摧毀了我的身心，而我在不到一天的時間里，頭發就從黑色變成了白色。（漢譯英）九、書信寫作（本大題共1小題）65．上周末，你從學校乘坐公交車返回家中時遭遇交通擁堵。請你寫一篇短文，給學校英文報專欄“BeyondtheClassroom”投稿，分享本次經歷，內容包括：1．交通擁堵情況；2．你的感想。注意：1．詞數100左右；2．請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。ALongRideHome____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

參考答案【答案】1．A2．B3．B【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了馬爾科姆·坎貝爾在高中時上的一堂歷史課對他產生的深遠影響，以及他后來成為教師后如何將這種教學理念傳遞給自己的學生。【解析】1．細節理解題。根據第二段“Fortwodays,Mr.LawsonplayedthemsongsbyBobDylantoshowthatartcanbeanimportantvehicleforprotest.(勞森老師連續兩天給他們播放鮑勃·迪倫的歌曲，以表明藝術可以成為抗議的重要載體)”可知，勞森先生播放鮑勃?迪倫的歌曲是為了展示藝術可以成為抗議的重要工具，也就是強調歌曲(藝術形式之一)的作用。故選A項。2．詞句猜測題。根據劃線詞上文“Alightwentoffinmyhead,andIrealized,‘Wow,he’splannedthismaterialnotforthecontent,butforpersonalenrichment(我突然靈光一閃，意識到：“哇，他準備這些教學內容不是為了讓我們掌握知識本身，而是為了讓我們實現自我提升)”中“notforthecontent,butforpersonalenrichment”可推知，老師的這些材料不是為了內容本身，而是為了讓學生實現自我提升，即讓學生自己意識到一些事情，實現個人的領悟。故劃線詞epiphany的意思是“領悟”，與realization同義。故選B項。3．推理判斷題。根據最后一段中“Becauseoncetheyreallyunderstandwhatlearningis,allyougottadoisaddthatmatch,andpoof…they’regoingtolearntherestoftheirlives(因為一旦他們真正理解了什么是學習，你所要做的就是點燃那根火柴，然后噗……他們就會終身學習)”可推知，老師應該做的就是點燃學生學習熱情的“火柴”，即激發學生的學習熱情。故選B項。【答案】4．C5．B6．D7．A【分析】本文是說明文。文章通過介紹“LightsOut”計劃及其在減少城市光污染、保護遷徙鳥類方面的成效，向讀者傳遞了關于光污染對鳥類的影響以及如何采取措施減輕這一影響的信息。【解析】4．主旨大意題。根據第三段“AsofOctober31of2024,theteamrecorded42birddeaths,downfromthe110deathsdocumentedinthefallof2023.ThisispartlyduetothesupportofdowntownbuildingownerswhohaveagreedtoturnofflightsovernightafterjoiningtheLightsOutprogramin2021.(截至2024年10月31日，該團隊記錄了42只鳥類死亡，低于2023年秋季記錄的110只。這是因為，從2021年開始加入LightsOut計劃后，同意在夜間熄燈的市中心業主們的支持)”可知，本段主要告訴我們LightsOut計劃有助于減少鳥類的死亡。故選C項。5．推理判斷題。根據第五段“Andit’snotjustawinforthebirds,butforeveryonewhosharesanecosystemwiththem.Birdsaregoodsignsofecosystemhealth.Plus,birdslookandsoundreallycoolandhaveinterestingbehaviors.(這不僅是鳥類的勝利，也是所有與它們共享生態系統的人的勝利。鳥類是生態系統健康的良好標志。此外，鳥類看起來和聽起來都很酷，行為也很有趣)”可知，本段目的是強調鳥類的重要性。故選B項。6．推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段“Birdloverscandotheirpart,too.TheLightsOutprogram,forinstance,hasstartedusingdBird,awebsitewhereresidentscanreportcasesofdeadandinjuredbirds,whichhelpsexpertstargettheirefforts.(鳥類愛好者也可以盡自己的一份力量。例如，熄燈計劃已經開始使用dBird網站，居民可以在這個網站上報告鳥類死亡和受傷的情況，這有助于專家有針對性地開展工作)”可知，dBird的意義是允許鳥類愛好者做出貢獻，故選D項。7．主旨大意題。根據第一段“Everyspring,abouttwobillionbirdsflythroughTexas.However,lightpollutioninurbanareascanbedeadlyformanymigratory(遷徙的)species.(每年春天，大約有20億只鳥飛過德克薩斯州。然而，城市地區的光污染對許多遷徙物種來說是致命的)”以及第二段“TheexpertsfromtheTexasConservationAlliance,whorantheLightsOutprogramin2020,convinceddowntownbusinessesandresidentstoswitchoffunnecessarylightingfrom11p.m.to6a.m.duringspringandautumn,reducinglightpollutionthatisotherwisemisleadingtobirds.(德州自然保護聯盟的專家們在2020年開展了LightsOut計劃，他們說服市中心的企業和居民在春季和秋季的晚上11點到早上6點關掉不必要的照明，減少對鳥類產生誤導的光污染)”以及縱觀全文可知，本文主要講述了LightsOut項目通過減少光污染來保護鳥類遷徙的成效，并號召大家一起參與關閉不必要的燈光以拯救鳥類。所以A項“熄燈以拯救鳥類”是本文最好的標題。故選A項。【答案】8．C9．C10．D【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項由以色列研究人員開發的新技術，該技術通過使用含有電極的貼紙來追蹤面部肌肉活動，從而幫助檢測人們是否在說謊。【解析】8．細節理解題。根據文章第一段“Whenitcomestotellingwhethersomeoneislying,wecurrentlyhaveveryfewoptions,butateamofIsraeliresearchersclaimstohavecomeupwithsomethingbetterthananythingwe’veseenbefore.(說到判斷某人是否在說謊，目前我們的方法非常有限，但以色列的一個研究團隊聲稱，他們想出了比我們之前見過的任何方法都更好的辦法。)”以及下文“Usingstickerscontainingelectrodes(電極)thattracktheactivityofmuscles,theresearchers.ledbyProfessorDinoLevy,discoveredthatsomepeopleunintentionallyactivatemusclesintheircheeksandeyebrowswhentheylie.(研究人員由DinoLevy教授帶領，他們使用含有追蹤肌肉活動電極的貼紙，發現有些人在說謊時會無意識地牽動臉頰和眉毛處的肌肉。)”可知，以色列研究人員的成就是一種檢測人是否說謊的方法。故選C。9．推理判斷題。根據文章第四段“Asexpected,studysubjectshadaverytoughtimedetecting(發現)theirpartners’lies.Theelectricalsignalsdeliveredbytheelectrodesattachedtotheirfaces,ontheotherhand,managedtocatchliesatarateof73%,betterthananyotherexistingtechnology.(不出所料，參與研究的對象很難察覺他們搭檔的謊言。另一方面，貼在他們臉上的電極所傳遞的電信號，成功以73%的準確率識破謊言，這比任何現有技術都要好。)”可知，通過這種方式來驗證這種利用電極貼紙檢測謊言的新技術，看其測謊準確率，所以讓受試者檢測謊言是為了測試這種新型技術。故選C。10．推理判斷題。根據最后一段“Oncetheliedetectionrateimprovesenough,thistechnologycouldbeusedinmanyareas,suchasairportsecurity,onlinejobinterviews,andevenpoliceinvestigations.Itwouldhelpdetectliesmorecorrectlyandquickly,makingitausefultoolforfieldsthatrelyontrustandtruthfulness.(一旦測謊準確率提高到足夠高，這項技術就可以應用于許多領域，比如機場安檢、在線求職面試，甚至警方調查。它將有助于更準確、快速地檢測謊言，使其成為依賴信任和真實性的領域的有用工具。)”可知，一旦測謊率足夠提高，這項技術可以應用于機場安檢、在線求職面試、警方調查等許多領域，能夠更準確快速地檢測謊言，對依賴信任和真實性的領域很有用，這表明該技術在未來使用中有很大的潛力。故選D。11．【答案】ADECB【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了食物鏈在自然環境中的重要性，人類活動對食物鏈的破壞以及如何通過保護食物鏈來維護生態平衡的重要性。【詳解】1.文章主要介紹了食物鏈在自然環境中的重要性，人類活動對食物鏈的破壞以及如何通過保護食物鏈來維護生態平衡的重要性。本句為整個段落的第一句，所以本句應介紹食物鏈的定義。選項A“Natureisconnectedandcontrolledbymanyfoodchains(鏈).Afoodchaindescribeswhoeatswhominahabitat.(自然是由許多食物鏈連接和控制的。食物鏈描述了棲息地中誰吃誰。)”符合題意。故選A。2.上文解釋了食物鏈的概念，本句應對食物鏈進行進一步解釋和舉例說明。選項D“Whenoneofthelinksinafoodchainisnolongerpresent-forexample,aspeciesgoesextinct-thefoodchainbreaksandsometimesthiscancauseotheranimalstodisappearandthewholesystemcanbecomeimbalancedorevencollapse.(當食物鏈中的一個環節不再存在時，例如，一個物種滅絕——食物鏈就會斷裂，有時這會導致其他動物消失，整個系統會變得不平衡甚至崩潰。)”能承接上文，符合題意。故選D。3.上文介紹了食物鏈斷裂的情況，本句應對食物鏈的斷裂原因進行解釋。選項E“Usually,humanactivityisthemaincauseofafoodchainbreak.Whenpeoplefirstexploredtheworld,theytookanimalandplantspeciesfromtheirhometotheplacestheyexplored.Theydidnotrealizethatintroducinginvasivespecieswasactuallybreakingthenaturalfoodchainsthere.(通常，人類活動是食物鏈斷裂的主要原因。當人們第一次探索世界時，他們把動物和植物物種從家里帶到了他們探索的地方。他們沒有意識到引入入侵物種實際上是在打破那里的自然食物鏈。)”能承接上文，符合題意。故選E。4.上文介紹了以前人們引入入侵物種打斷食物鏈的情況，本句應介紹現在外來物種的入侵情況。選項C“Althoughtherearestrictrulescontrollingthemovementofanimalsandplantsbetweencountriesnowadays,somepartsoftheworldarestillexperiencingproblemswithinvasive(入侵的)speciesintroducedhundredsofyearsago.(盡管現在有嚴格的規則控制動植物在國家之間的流動，但世界上一些地區仍然面臨著數百年前引入的入侵物種的問題。)”能承接上文，符合題意。故選C。5.上文介紹了現在外來物種的入侵情況，本句應強調保護食物鏈。選項B“Withrisingawarenessofhowweaffectthenaturalenvironment,hopefullywecanlearntoprotectthesefoodchainsandhelpthemtogrow.Otherwisethecontinuedlossofspecieswilleventuallymeanourownextinction.(隨著人們對我們如何影響自然環境的認識不斷提高，希望我們能學會保護這些食物鏈，幫助它們生長。否則，物種的持續喪失最終將意味著我們自己的滅絕。)”能承接上文，符合題意。故選B。【答案】12．D13．G14．A15．C16．F【分析】本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了如何養成良好的習慣以及打破不良習慣的策略。【解析】12．根據前文“Consistentlypracticinggoodbehaviorhelpstodeveloppositiveandlastinghabits.(堅持練習良好的行為有助于培養積極和持久的習慣)”以及后文“Andbothbuildinggoodhabitsandbreakingbadhabitscanbechallenging,solearningsomeeffectivestrategiesisnecessary.(養成好習慣和改掉壞習慣都是有挑戰性的，所以學習一些有效的策略是必要的)”可知，前文提到好習慣，后文講述養成好習慣和改掉壞習慣都是有挑戰性的，所以空處應是提到壞習慣，D項“Butunhealthybehaviorscanalsobecomehabitual.(但不健康的行為也會成為習慣)”承接上文，和上文構成轉折關系，并引出下文。故選D項。13．設空位于句首，是本段的中心句，根據后文“Therewardmustbedeliveredconsistentlyandimmediatelyafterthedesiredbehavior.Forexample,youcouldrewardyourselfforcleaningtheapartmentbyplayingyourfavoritevideogame.(獎勵必須始終如一地在期望的行為之后立即發放。例如，你可以通過玩你最喜歡的電子游戲來獎勵自己打掃了公寓)”可知，本段主要講述通過獎勵來養成好的習慣，所以G項“Toturnahealthybehaviorintoahabit,youcanthinkofaneffectivereward.(要把健康的行為變成習慣，你可以想一個有效的獎勵)”符合本段主題，為本段中心句。故選G項。14．設空位于段尾，是對前文的總結，根據前文“Forexample,youcouldrewardyourselfforcleaningtheapartmentbyplayingyourfavoritevideogame.Remembertodothepleasurableactivityeachtimeyouperformthehealthybehavior.(例如，你可以通過玩你最喜歡的電子游戲來獎勵自己打掃了公寓。記住，每次你做健康的行為時，都要做愉快的活動)”可知，A項“Thisregularityhelpsstrengthenthehabit.(這種規律有助于加強習慣)”是對前文的總結，其中regularity指的就是每次你做健康的行為時，都要做愉快的活動。故選A項。15．根據前文“Haveyounoticedchangesinyourshoppingbehaviorafteralocalshoppingcenterrearrangesitslayout?Thisisbecausechangingenvironmentalsignalsaffectshabitualbehavior.(你是否注意到當地購物中心重新布局后，你的購物行為發生了變化？這是因為不斷變化的環境信號會影響習慣性行為)”以及后文“Theseincludegoingtocollege,startinganewjob,gettingmarried,retiring,andsoon.It’simportanttorecognizetheseopportunities:theyarechancestoreshapeourhabits.Forexample,notlivingnexttoafast-foodrestaurantcanbeanopportunitytoformhealthiereatinghabits.(這些包括上大學、開始一份新工作、結婚、退休等等。認識到這些機會很重要：它們是重塑我們習慣的機會。例如，不住在快餐店旁邊可能是形成更健康飲食習慣的機會)”可知，本段講述了因為生活中的改變而形成新的習慣，所以C項“Itoftenoccursasaresultoflifecoursechanges.(它通常是由于生命歷程的改變而發生的)”是對前文的進一步解釋，而后文是對本句的具體舉例。故選C項。16．根據前文“Tobreakbadhabits,wemayconsiderincreasingthedifficultyofperformingunhealthybehaviors.(為了改掉壞習慣，我們可以考慮增加執行不健康行為的難度)”以及后文“ThisiswhatItoldafriendcomplainingaboutherlittleboy’sunhealthyeatinghabits.Isuggestedthemothermakeitmoretime-consumingfortheboytoaccessfattyandsweetsnackswhilemakingfreshfruitseasilyaccessibletothechild.(這是我對一個抱怨她兒子不健康飲食習慣的朋友說的話。我建議這位母親讓男孩吃高脂肪和甜的零食更費時，同時讓孩子更容易吃到新鮮水果)”可知，后文的例子，作者建議這位母親增加執行不健康行為的難度，同時讓好習慣變得更容易，所以F項“Atthesametime,weshouldmakeiteasiertoperformthegoodhabit.(同時，我們應該讓養成好習慣變得更容易)”承接上文，符合下文舉例。故選F項。【答案】17．C18．A19．D20．B21．B22．A23．C24．A25．D26．B27．B28．C29．C30．A31．D【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一個5歲小女孩Savannah在父親突發疾病無法說話時，鎮定地接聽警察調度員的電話，并提供了必要的信息，幫助救援人員順利進入家中救助父親的故事。【解析】17．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但幸運的是，這位父親5歲女兒與警方調度員JasonBonham之間的對話，更多的是充滿幽默而非恐懼。A.quarrel爭吵；B.agreement協議；C.conversation對話；D.secret秘密。根據下文“WearesogratefulthatSavannah’semergencycallisstillbeing17.”以及文章內容可知，空處指的是女兒和警方調度員JasonBonham之間的對話。故選C。18．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但幸運的是，這位父親5歲女兒與警方調度員JasonBonham之間的對話，更多的是充滿幽默而非恐懼。A.horror恐怖；B.inspiration靈感；C.surprise驚訝；D.disappointment失望。根據下文““Mostpeoplewouldgetfrightenedinsuchasituation.EverytimeIlistentotherecordingI’m18.She’sjustalittleperson.””以及常理可知，大多數人面對這樣的情況都會感到害怕，而這個小女孩卻沒有。故選A。19．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：它堪稱經典，永不過時。A.acceptable可接受的；B.suitable適合的；C.hopeless無望的；D.timeless永恒的。根據上文“Therecordinghasrepeatedlygoneviral(走紅)since2010.”以及下文“WearesogratefulthatSavannah’semergencycallisstillbeing

19.Itmakestheentirenightworthwhile.”可知，這段對話永不過時。故選D。20．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當時，印第安納州的一位父親撥打