主謂一致【歸納】主謂一致是指句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上要保持一致。一般遵循以下原則：★語(yǔ)法一致原則：主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上一致。主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也采用單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也采用復(fù)數(shù)形式。★意義一致原則：謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語(yǔ)的意義。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)形式上為單數(shù)，但意義上卻是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)意義用復(fù)數(shù)形式；當(dāng)主語(yǔ)形式上為復(fù)數(shù)，但意義上卻是單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)意義用單數(shù)形式。★就近一致原則：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式與鄰近的主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上一致。一、名詞作主語(yǔ)1.集體名詞作主語(yǔ)，如果表示整體概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如果強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。常見(jiàn)的這類名詞有army,audience,class,family,team,crowd,staff,enemy,government等。有些集體名詞如people,police等，通常看作復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Theteamisthebestintheleague.Theteamarealllovelypeople.Idon'tcarewhatpeoplethink.2.單、復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞如species,deer,fish,sheep,means等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)根據(jù)其意義來(lái)決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式。如：Severallargefishliveinthepond.Alargefishwascaughtduringthepetition.3.表示單數(shù)概念的復(fù)形名詞（如學(xué)科、機(jī)構(gòu)、書名、劇名等）作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。如：Mathsisoneofthemostimportantcoursesintheseniorschool.TheTimesisBritain'soldestnationaldaily.4.trousers,shoes,chopsticks,sunglasses等名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)；但如果其前有apairof,akindof等時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。如：Histrouserswereslightlytooshort.Apairoftrousersisonthebed.5.當(dāng)名詞短語(yǔ)的中心詞為表示距離、金額、時(shí)間等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，往往把這些復(fù)數(shù)名詞看作一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：Fourthousanddollarsismorethanshecanafford.6.“the+形容詞或過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示一類可數(shù)的人或事物，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。這類詞有rich,poor,blind,injured等。如：Eventhepoorhavetheirpride.Theinjuredweretakentoseveralnearbyhospitals.7.如果主語(yǔ)由morethanone或manya構(gòu)成，盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)，但謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)；在“more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+thanone”結(jié)構(gòu)之后，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Morethanonepersonhasbeenconcernedinthis.Manyafamouspopstarhasbeenruinedbydrugs.Moreboxesthanonehavebeenusedatthestation.二、代詞作主語(yǔ)1.由代詞each,either,neither,another以及合成代詞something,anything,nothing,everything,somebody,anybody,nobody,everybody,someone,anyone,everyone作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞均用單數(shù)。如：Twoboysentered.Eachwascarryingasuitcase.Everybodywasgladtoseeherback.2.all,most,none,some等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它們所代替的內(nèi)容來(lái)定。如：Thoseboysaremystudents.Allworkhard.Iwantedsomemorecoffeebuttherewasnoneleft.三、由連接詞連接的名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)1.兩個(gè)名詞或代詞由and連接作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。但當(dāng)and不表示并列意義，而連接兩個(gè)在意義上表示同一人、物、概念或由兩個(gè)部件配成的物品時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用單數(shù)。如：Boththesecretaryandthemanagerhaveagreedtobepresent.Lawandordermeansdifferentthingstopeoplewithdifferentpoliticalopinions.2.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后跟有說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，如由with,aswellas,alongwith,ratherthan,togetherwith,including,inadditionto等引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)保持一致。如：Themissingthings,aswellasthebag,havebeenfoundandreturnedtotheowner.3.由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...等連接的名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。如：Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacherisgoingtotheexhibition.四、含數(shù)詞的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式取決于of后名詞的數(shù)。如：Onlyonethirdoftheworkwasdoneyesterday.Threefourthsofthestudentsetoschoolontime.五、從句作主語(yǔ)名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。但如果是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的從句由and連接表示兩個(gè)概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。另外，what從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式由其表示的意義來(lái)決定。如：Whetherwegocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.Whatcausedthesnowslideandhowmanytouristswereinjuredarestillunknown.Whatyouwantisabigbag.Whatheleftareafewoldbooks.【即學(xué)即練】從括號(hào)內(nèi)選擇合適的內(nèi)容完成下面短文。HiCathy,GreetingsfromNepal!I'msendingthisfromanInternetcaféinasmalltownnorthofKathmandu.Thetownitselfisn'tveryinteresting,buteverythingaroundit1.________(is/are)beautiful—IcanseetheHimalayasthroughthecaféwindow!Thecoursesherearegreat,althoughmaths2.________(is/are)certainlynotmystrongpoint.AlotofNepal'spopulationlivesinthemountainouspartsofthecountrysouthoftheHimalayas,andmostofthesepeople3.________(depend/depends)ongrowingcropsandkeepinganimals.ThestandardoflivinginKathmanduandtheothercities4.________(have/has)risenalotrecently,andthenumberofpeoplelikelytomoveintothecities5.________(is/are)expectedtoincrease.It'sarealproblemhere.TheHimalayanTimes,thelocalEnglishlanguagenewspaper,6.________(has/have)justpublishedasurveyshowingthatmostyoungpeoplewouldstayintheirhomevillagesifjobswereavailable.Hopeall7.________(is/are)wellwithyou.I'llsendmorenewswhenIcan.Nazim答案【即學(xué)即練】1.is

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tocarryoutsomeresearch.Afterbreakfast,weplannedtogofishinginalocallake.Peoplehere1._______(don’t,doesn’t)likeeatingfish,eventhoughseveralkindsoflargefish2._______(is,are)livinginthelake.WhenIhadfinishedmypreparationsforthetrip,Ifoundthatmysunglasses3._______(was,were)broken.Iwassosadbecausetheyweremyfavoritesunglasses.Besides,sixhundredRMB4._______(is,are)notasmallamountforme.Anyway,wesetoffforthelake.There5._______(was,were)trulyalotoffishandwecaughtmany.Allofus6._______(was,were)veryhappy.Onourwayback,wemetwithmanybeggarsalongtheroad.Igavethemsomechange.Thepooralso7._______(has,have)theirrightstoliveandit’snottheirfaulttheyarepoor.Inthiscountry,ninetypercentofpeople8._______(is,are)stil