China’sBiomassEnergyChinaleadstheworldinitsenergyreservationandisthesecondlargestenergyproducerandconsumerintheworld.ItisestimatedthatChinahas4000billiontonsofpotentialprimaryenergyreservation.However,percapitaenergyresourcequantityandconsumingquantityisfarsmallerthantheworldaveragelevel.ThemaincharacteristicsofChina’senergyexplorationandutilizationareasfollows.1.Coalistheprimaryenergy;explorationandutilizationofrenewableresourcesissupplementary.China’sexploredreservesofcoalresourceaccountsforover90%oftheprimaryenergytotal,suchascoal,oil,naturalgas,waterenergyandnuclearenergy.CoalisdominantidChina’senergyproductionandconsumption.on.2.Energyconsumptionvolumeisincreasingwhileenergyutilizationefficiencyiscomparativelylow.Astheeconomicscaleexpands,China’senergyconsumptionisontheconstantincrease.Undertheinfluencesofcapital,technology,energyprice,etc,China’senergyutilizationefficiencyisfarlowerthanthatofthedevelopedcountries.Energycomprehensiveutilizationefficiencyis32%andtheoverallenergysystematicefficiency9.3%.Thesenumbersareonlyhalfofthedevelopedcountrylevel.3.Withthesustainedincreaseofenergyconsumption,thecoal-dominantenergystructurehascausedurbanairpollutionwhilewiththeexcessiveconsumptionofbio-massenergygivingrisetoecologicaldestruction,thepressureonecologicalenvironmentismoreandmoresevere.AccordingtotheWorldBank,theeconomiclosscausedbyairandwaterpollutioninChina,approximatelyaccountsfor3%--8%ofGNP.4.Theenergystructureisgettingmoreandmorepluralized.Bythemiddleofthe1990’s,energyself-sufficiencyratewas98%,whileatpresentChinaisthesecondlargestcrudeoilimporteronlyafterUSA.TherapiddevelopmentofChina’seconomyisbasedonthesufficientsupplyofenergy,however,thehigher-than-normaloilpriceontheinternationalmarkettogetherwithChina’sever-increasingenergydemandwillbeaserioussubjectfacedwithChina’sdevelopmentroad.Morethan3200placesofterrestrialheathavebeendiscoveredinChina,225ofthemcouldbeusedforpowergeneration.ItisestimatedthattheexploitablereserveofterrestrialheatinChinaisequaltothepowerof462.65billiontonsofstandardcoal.Inrecentyears,theuseofterrestrialheatinourcountryhasincreasedby7%.WehaveusedChinawilladoptthesustainableenergydevelopmentstrategyofan“energysavingprioritized,pluralstructured,andenvironmentfriendly”natureinthecoming20years.WewilladopttheinternationalenergystrategyandstrivetoquadrupleGDPwithdoubleenergyconsumptionwiththehelpofmechanisminnovationandtechnologicaladvancement.Thefollowingspecificgoalsareexpectedtoreachunderthesustainedenergydevelopmentstrategy:energyconsumptionofperunitGNPwillbereducedby20%ontheleveloftheendofthe10thfive-yearplan;primaryenergydemandwillbelessthan2.5billiontonsofstandardcoalby2020,saving0.8billiontons;coalconsumptionratioiscontrolledunder60%,renewableenergyutilizationreaches525millionstandardcoal(powergenerationbyrenewableenergystandsat100millionkilowatt);oilimportingrelianceiscontrolledunderaround60%;thereductionrateofmainpollutantsis45%--60%.TheDevelopmentofNewEnergyinChinaNewenergyandrenewableenergyonlystartedtodevelopinChina.AspointedoutintheAnnualReportofChina’sNewEnergyIndustryreleasedinJanuary,2007,Chinawilllargelyincreasetherateofnewenergysuchaswindpower,solarpower,andbiomasspowerintheoverallenergyconsumption.Thereportsays,ourfirststepis;thenewenergyinstalledcapacitywillbe120millionkwby2020,thatis12%ofChina’stotalinstalledpowercapacity.Wewillhaveaboostofpowergenerationbyusingwind,bio-energyandsolarenergy.Thesecondstepis;thepercentageofnewenergyconsumptionwillincreaseddramaticallycomparingtootherkindofenergies.By2050,thenewenergywillaccountfor30%--40%ofthetotalenergydemandofChina.Nowlwouldliketogiveyouabriefintroductiononwindpower,biomassenergy,solarenergyandterrestrialenergyinChina.WindPowerThereareabundantwindpowerwithinourhugeterritoryandalongourlongcoastline.AccordingtothesurveyofChinameteorologicalAcademy,basedontheresultsof900weatherstations,thereis253millionkwofwindpowerreserve10mbelowourearth.ThereisagreatpotentialofwindpowerinthecoastalareaofeasternChina2---15metersbelowsealevel.Therefor,wehaveapromisingfutureinwindpowergenerationthere.CompiledbyChinaEnergyComprehensiveUseAssociationandEuropeanWindPowerSociety,inaReportnamedWindForce12inChina,itisexpectedthatChinawillhave40millionkwofwindpowercapacityin2020,ifiscoulddevelopfully.Then,thewindpowerwillgobeyondnuclearpowerandbecomethethirdlargestpowersourceinChina.Ifthatistrue,China’sannualwindpowergenerationwouldgoupto80billionkwh,itcouldbeenoughfor80millionpeople.Meantime,itwouldreduce48milliontonsofCO2emission.ThereportalsosaysthatChinawillneedover25thousandoflargewindgeneratorsbytheyear2020,windpowersalewillincreasetomorethan300billionyuan,thatwillcreateatleast150thousandofjobopportunities.Itindicatesthatinthepast5years,thecostofwindpowerwillreduceby20%,itstechnologycostisoneofthelowestwhichcanbedecreasedamongtherenewableenergies.BiomassenergyAccordingtotheOutlineforMid--longTermDevelopmentofRenewableEnergyinChina,thegoalofrenewableenergydevelopmentinthenext15yearsis;by2020,therenewableenergywilloccupy16%intheenergystructureofChina.Amongthem,theproductionofethanolisgoingupto10milliontons;bio-dieselfuel2milliontons;andthemajorpartofthebiomassenergydevelopmenttargetarebio-energypowergeneration,FiredampprojectsbiomassliquidfuelandBiomasssolidfuel.ThebiomassprojectinChinahasmadegreatprogressnow,butitisstillinaninitialstages.AccordingtotheSupportingPolicyofBio-energyandBio-chemistrydevelopmentjointlypromulgatedbyseveralministries,Chinawillgivefavorabletreatmentstosupportbiomassenergydevelopmentinthefollowingaspects:settingupriskfundsystem,providingflexiblelosssubsidy;subsidiesforrawmaterialbasesanddemonstrationprojects;taxreductionisincluded.WecanpredictthatthebiomassenergyinChinawillbedevelopedrapidlyinyearstocome.TerrestrialEnergy