UNIT5POEMSReadingandThinkingReadingandThinkingAppreciatedifferentformsofEnglishpoems

Lead

inBeforeyouread，discussthequestionswithyourpartner.1.Comparedwithotherformsofliteraturesuchasthenovel，drama，andtheshortstory，whatarethecharacteristicsofpoetry?2.Whydoyouthinkpeoplewritepoems?

KEYS:1Comparedtootherformsofliterature，poetrytendstobeshorterthoughapoemcanbeverylong.Wordsareuseddifferently，notinsentencesandparagraphslikeinnovels，butlinesandstanzas.Oftengrammarandpunctuationareignoredoruseddifferently.Poetryismoreemotional，andthepossibilitiesaremuchmoreopenthaninprose.2Ithinkpeoplewritepoetrytoexpressdeepthoughtsandemotionsinaconcisewaythatcanbemoredirectlycommunicatedwithanotherperson，thereader.

Readthetextandcompletethetableonpage51.

Activity1PoetrycomprehensionPoemspaintpictureswithwordsthroughtheuseoffiguresofspeechandmetaphors，sotounderstandapoemfully，youhavetoimagineinyourmindthepicturethepoemispainting.Further，thesounds，rhythm，andrhymesinapoemgiveitamusicalquality.Poemsoftenhavetobereadaloud，andwithfeeling，tobereallyunderstoodandenjoyed.

AFEWSIMPLEFORMSOFENGLISHPOEMSTextTherearevariousreasonswhypeoplecomposepoetry.Somepoemstellastoryordescribeacertainimageinthereader’smind.Otherstrytoconveycertainfeelingssuchasjoyandsorrow.Thedistinctivecharacteristicsofpoetryoftenincludeeconomicaluseofwords，descriptiveandvividlanguage，integratedimagery，literarydevicessuchassimilesandmetaphors，andarrangementofwords，lines，rhymes，andrhythm.Poetsusemanydifferentformsofpoetrytoexpressthemselves.Nowwewilllookatafewofthesimplerforms.SomeofthefirstpoemsayoungchildlearnsinEnglisharenursery

rhymes.Theyareusuallythetraditionalpoemsorfolksongs.Thelanguageoftheserhymes，likePoemA，istothepointbuthasastoryline.Manychildrenenjoynurseryrhymesbecausetheyrhyme，haveastrongrhythm，andoftenrepeatthesamewords.Thepoemsmaynotmakesenseandevenseemcontradictory，buttheyareeasytolearnandrecite.Byplayingwiththewordsinnurseryrhymes，childrenlearnaboutlanguage.AHush，littlebaby，don’tsayaword，

Papa’sgonnabuyyouamockingbird. Ifthatmockingbirdwon’tsing，

Papa’sgonnabuyyouadiamondring. Ifthatdiamondringturnstobrass，

Papa’sgonnabuyyoualookingglass. Ifthatlooking-glassgetsbroke，

Papa’sgonnabuyyouabillygoat. Ifthatbillygoatwon’tpull，

Papa’sgonnabuyyouacartandbull.

Oneofthesimplestkindsofpoemisthe“listpoem”，whichcontainsalistofthings，people，ideas，ordescriptionsthatdevelopaparticulartheme.Listpoemshaveaflexiblelinelengthandrepeatedphraseswhichgivebothapatternandarhythmtothepoem.Somerhyme（likeBandC），whileothersdonot.B

MotherHundredsofstarsinthedeepbluesky，

Hundredsofshellsontheshoretogether，

Hundredsofbirdsthatgosingingby，

Hundredsofbeesinthesunnyweather，

Hundredsofdewdropstogreetthedawn，

Hundredsofbeesinthepurpleclover，

Hundredsofbutterfliesonthelawn，

Butonlyonemothertheworldover. GeorgeCooperCLIFELifecanbegood，

Lifecanbebad，

Lifeismostlycheerful，

butsometimessad Lifecanbedreams，

Lifecanbegreatthoughts Lifecanmeanaperson，

Sittingincourt.

Anothersimpleformofpoemthatamateurscaneasilywriteisthecinquain，whichismadeupoffivelines.Withthese，youcanconveyastrongpictureoracertainmoodinjustafewwords.Lookattheexample（D）.D

Brother Beautiful，athletic Teasing，shouting，laughing Friendandenemytoo Mine

HaikuisaJapaneseformofpoetrythatconsistsof17syllables.Ithasaformatofthreelines，containing5，7，and5syllablesrespectively.ItisnotatraditionalformofEnglishpoetry，butisverypopularwithEnglishwriters.Itiseasytowriteand，likethecinquain，cangiveaclearpictureandcreateaspecialfeelingusingveryfewwords.Thehaikupoem（E）ontherightisatranslationfromJapanese，whichshowsamomentinthelifeofadelicatebutterfly.EAfallenblossom Iscomingbacktothebranch. Look，abutterfly!

EnglishspeakersalsoenjoypoemsfromChina，thosefromtheTangDynastyinparticular.AlotofTangpoetryhasbeentranslatedintoEnglish，suchasthisone（F）.FWheresheawaitsherhusband Onandontheriverflows. Neverlookingback，

Transformedintostone. Daybydayuponthemountaintop，

windandrainrevolve. Shouldthetravellerreturn，

thisstonewouldutterspeech. WangJianWithsomanydifferentformsofpoetrytochoosefrom，youmayeventuallywanttowritepoemsofyourown.Giveitatry!Paragraph1Thedistinctivecharacteristicsofpoetryoftenincludeeconomicaluseofwords，descriptiveandvividlanguage，integratedimagery，literarydevicessuchassimilesandmetaphors，andarrangementofwords，lines，rhymes，andrhythm.詩歌的修辭手法佳句鑒賞詩歌的顯著特點通常包括精練的用詞、生動的描述性語言、整體的意象、類似明喻和暗喻的文學手法，以及字詞、詩行、韻腳和節奏的編排。 詩歌（poetry）是依照一定的節奏、音調、韻律要求，以強烈而真摯的情感，凝練、形象的語言來表達和反映人的精神世界和社會生活的一種文學形式。 Paragraph2SomeofthefirstpoemsayoungchildlearnsinEnglisharenursery

rhymes.Theyareusuallythetraditionalpoemsorfolk

songs.語音恰到好處，含有故事情節 佳句鑒賞一個孩童最初學會的一些英文詩歌就是童謠。它們大多是傳統詩歌或民謠。 nurseryrhymes兒歌或童謠，由歷代兒童傳承下來的傳統韻文或兒歌，在美國通常被稱為“鵝媽媽兒歌”。常見的兒歌類型有搖籃曲（催眠曲）、玩耍兒歌、數目兒歌、歷史事件或人物為題材的兒歌、謎語等。兒歌的特點是形式短小、語言通俗易懂、節奏明快、韻律響亮。Paragraph5HaikuisaJapaneseformofpoetrythatconsistsof17syllables.Ithasaformatofthreelines，containing5，7，and5syllablesrespectively.俳句易于創作,寥寥數語就展現清晰的畫面，表達特殊的情感 佳句鑒賞俳句是日本的一種詩歌形式，由17個音節組成。其格式為三行，每行的音節分別是五個、七個和五個。 Haiku俳句是日本詩歌的一種形式，是最短的抒情詩之一。俳句由三行17個音節組成：第一行5個音節，第二行7個音節，第三行5個音節。俳句中要有一個“季語”。所謂季語是指用以表示春、夏、秋、冬及新年的季節用語。Paragraph5Wheresheawaitsherhusband Onandontheriverflows. Neverlookingback，

Transformedintostone. Daybydayuponthemountaintop，

windandrainrevolve. Shouldthetravellerreturn，

thisstonewouldutterspeech. WangJian全詩刻畫了古代婦女深情動人的形象，揭示了她們悲苦的命運。詩歌于平淡質樸中，蘊含著豐富的內容。

佳作鑒賞望夫石

王建望夫處，江悠悠，化為石，不回頭。山頭日日風復雨，行人歸來石應語。

從藝術手法上看，這首詩始終抓住石之形與人之情來寫，構思最為精巧。“望夫處，江悠悠”，從人寫起，交代了地點，又以悠悠江水流暗喻時間之長，感情之久。“化為石，不回頭”，言望夫之婦化而為石，也暗示時久。婦人佇立江邊，看那江水一去不回頭，自己也化為石像永遠不回頭。“山頭日日風復雨”，不畏風吹雨打，不怕天長日久，她一直不回頭，一心望夫歸。最后，以“行歸來石應語”結束全詩，又將望夫石擬人話，可謂匠心獨運。Readthetextandcompletethetableonpage51.Activity2Typeofpoem

Characteristics

Example

Topicsandpoeticdevices

Nurseryrhyme

concretebutcreativelanguage

Alovebetweenfatherandbabyrhymes，repetition

Listpoem

BClistsofthings，people，ideas，ordescriptionsofaparticularthemeflexiblelinelengthrepeatedphrasesforpatternsandrhythmnaturerepetition

liferepetitionReadthetextandcompletethetableonpage51.Activity2TypeofpoemCharacteristicsExampleTopicsandpoeticdevicesCinquain

DHaiku

ETangpoem

Fsimpleformfivelinesbrotherstrongpictureormood

17syllablesthreelinescontaining5，7，and5syllablesrespectivelynature

structuredwaiting1.Recite

new

words

and

phrases.2.Describeyourownpoem.homework課文結構圖解Ⅰ閱讀理解（根據課文內容選擇正確答案）1.Howmanyformsofpoemsdoesthepassagetalkabout?A.8.B.7.C.6.D.5.2.Whichtwopoemshaverhyminglines?A.PoemsAandB.B.PoemsCandD.C.PoemsEandF.D.PoemsAandE.3.Whatdoesthephrase“hundredsof”inPoemBhighlight?A.Stars.B.Birds.C.Onlyone.D.Dewdrops.4.WhatkindoffeelingisconveyedinPoemF?A.Love.B.Sorrow.C.Happiness.D.Anger.○○○○課文預習自測Ⅱ語法填空（根據課文內容和語法規則完成短文）

Therearevariousreasons1

peoplewritepoetry.Somepoemsgivethereaderastrong2

（impress）.Otherstrytoconveycertainemotions.Inthistext，somesimplerformsofEnglishpoems3

（introduce），such4

nurseryrhymes，whichmayseem5

（contradict）.Buttheyareeasytolearnandrecite.Listpoemshaveaflexiblelinelengthand6

（repeat）phrases.Studentscanalsowritethecinquain，aformofpoem7

（make）upoffivelines.Haikuis8

Japaneseformofpoetrywith17syllables.EnglishspeakersalsoenjoyTangpoetry.Withsomanydifferentformsofpoetry9

（choose）from，studentsmay10

（eventual）wanttowritepoemsoftheirown.why

impression

areintroduced

as

contradictory

repeated

made

atochooseeventuallyLanguagepoints

核心詞匯教材原句p.50Comparedwithotherformsofliterature...whatarethecharacteristicsofpoetry?與其他的文學形式相比……，詩歌有什么特點呢？1comparedwith/to...與……相比（多在句中作狀語）Comparedwith/tothesecondcorporation，thefirstismorepromising.與第二家公司相比，第一家更有前途。【歸納拓展】compareAwith/toB

把A和B作比較comparewith/to

與……相似；比得上compareAtoB

把A比喻成Bcomparenotes

交換看法或意見Wecomparedthefirstcandidatewith/tothesecondonecarefully.我們仔細比較了第一個候選人和第二個候選人。Noonecancomparewith/tohiminmaths.在數學方面，沒人能和他比。Weusuallycomparebookstofriends.我們通常把書比喻成朋友。Weoftencompareateachertoagardener.我們常常把老師比喻成園丁。題組練·領悟方法單句語法填空（1）Filmhasamuchshorterhistory，especiallywhen

（compare）tosuchartforms

asmusicandpainting.（2）When

（compare）differentcultures，weoftenpayattentiononlytothe

differenceswithoutnoticingthemanysimilarities.（3）Comparesomerecentwork

yourolderstuffandyou’llseehowmuchyou’ve

improved.完成句子（4）

（與……相比）lettersandpublicphones，mobilephonesand

theInternetarefasterandmoreconvenient.

comparedcomparing

with/to

Comparedwith/to教材原句p.50Otherstrytoconveycertainfeelingssuchasjoyandsorrow.其他詩歌則試圖表達某些感情，如歡喜和悲傷。2sorrow（1）n.悲傷；悲痛；傷心事 toone’ssorrow令某人悲痛的是 sharehappinessandsorrow同甘共苦搭配

moreinsorrowthaninanger悲哀多于憤怒 drownyoursorrows借酒澆愁 mixjoywithsorrow悲喜交加Whenhelearnedthathissonwasaddictedtocomputergames，greatsorrow

dominatedhim.聽說兒子迷上了電腦游戲時，他難掩悲傷。Hehangedhimselfinsorrowafterhiswifedied.妻子死后，他因悲傷而自縊。（2）vi.感到悲傷搭配：sorrowover為……而悲傷Shewassorrowingoverthelossofherfriend.她為失去朋友而感到悲痛。【詞語積累】sorrowfuladj.悲傷的；傷心的Afuneralisasorrowfuloccasion.葬禮是一種令人悲傷的場合。單句語法填空（1）

ourgreatsorrow，hediedathispost.（2）Thelocalpeoplearesorrowing

thedeathofthelovednurse.（3）Hisfather’sfacelookedsoftand

（sorrow）.完成句子（4）Theysaidthatthedecisionwasmade

（悲哀多于憤怒）.（5）He

（表達悲傷）atthenewsofherdeath. （6）Danceexpressesloveandhate，

（快樂和悲傷），lifeand

death，andeverythingelseinbetween.

Toover

sorrowful

moreinsorrowthaninanger

expressedhissorrow

joyandsorrow教材原句p.50Poetsusemanydifferentformsofpoetrytoexpressthemselves.

詩人采用許多不同形式的詩歌來表達自己的想法。3expressoneself表達自己的想法Theartworldgavemeachancetoexpressmyselfwithoutwords.藝術世界給了我一個不用語言就可以表達自己想法的機會。【歸納拓展】（1）expressconcernsabout對……表示憂慮expressone’sregretfor對……表示遺憾expressone’sthanks/gratitudetosb.向某人表達謝意expressmycongratulationstoyou對你表達我的祝賀（2）facialexpression面部表情freedomofexpression言論自由；表達自由beyondexpression無法表達；形容不出單句語法填空（1）Youngchildrenoftenhavedifficultyexpressing

（them）.（2）Theability

（express）anideaisasimportantastheideaitself.（3）Freedomof

（express）isabasichumanright.完成句子（4）Iwouldliketo

（表達感謝）foryourkindness.（5）Ourexcitementwas

（無以言表）whenthenewscame.

themselves

toexpressexpression

expressmythanks/gratitude

beyondexpression教材原句p.50Thelanguageoftheserhymes，likePoemA，istothepointbuthasastoryline.這些童謠（如詩歌A）的語言簡單明了，但是帶有故事情節。4tothepoint切題的；中肯的Iwishtheconsultantwouldgettothepoint.但愿這位顧問快點說正題。【歸納拓展】offthepoint跑題come/getstraighttothepoint直奔主題/開門見山I’llcomestraighttothepoint：whatyouaredoinghasdisturbedus.我就直說吧：你的所作所為打擾了我們。完成句子（1）Hiscommentsare

（切題的）.（2）I’mafraidwhatyou’resayingnowis

（跑題了）.（3）TimeisshortsoI’ll

（直奔主題）.

tothepoint

offthepoint

get/comestraighttothepoint教材原句p.50Thepoemsmaynotmakesenseandevenseemcontradictory...

這些詩歌可能沒有意義，甚至看起來自相矛盾……5makesense講得通；有道理；是明智的See，yourcomputerhasbrokendownagain!Itdoesn’tmakesensetobuythecheapestbrandofcomputerjusttosaveafewdollars.瞧，你的電腦又壞了！只是為了省一點錢買最便宜牌子的電腦是不明智的。Itdoesn’tmakesensetoconsumetoomuchfossilfuel.消耗太多的化石燃料是不明智的。【歸納拓展】makesenseof明白；弄懂……的意思inasense在某種意義上innosense決不（位于句首時，句子用倒裝語序）Thereisnosenseindoingsth.做某事毫無意義。Howdowemakesenseofthesephenomena?我們怎么理解這些現象呢？同義句轉換（1）WhatJohnnysaidatthemeetingdidn’tmakesense.→WhatJohnnysaidatthemeeting

.完成句子（2）

（不明智）tobuythatskateboardwhenthesecheaperones

arejustasgood.（3）NomatterhowIreadit，thesentencedoesn’t

（講不通）.Ican’t

（明白）it.

madenosense

Itdoesn’tmakesense

makeanysense

makesenseof教材原句p.51Anothersimpleformofpoemthatamateurscaneasilywriteisthecinquain,whichismadeupoffivelines.另一種業余愛好者容易寫的簡單形式的詩歌是五行詩，它是由五行組成的。6bemadeupof由……組成/構成Themedicalteamismadeupofthreedoctorsandeightnurses.這個醫療隊由三名醫生和八名護士組成。【歸納拓展】 bemadeupof（1） becomposedof由……組成（整體由部分構成）consistofListeningisthusanactive，notapassive，behaviorconsistingofhearing，understandingandremembering.因此聽是一種主動的，而不是被動的行為。它包含聽、理解和記憶。（2）makeup組成（部分構成整體）Insomelanguages，100wordsmakeuphalfofallwordsusedindailyconversations.在一些語言中，100個單詞就能組成日常交際中所用到的所有詞匯的一半。同義句轉換（1）TheEnglishlanguageismadeupofgrammarandvocabulary.→TheEnglishlanguage

grammarandvocabulary.→Grammarandvocabulary

theEnglishlanguage.單句語法填空（2）Theorganization

（make）upofeightcountries.（3）Thisisanorganization

（make）upofeightcountries.（4）Thisisanorganization

（consist）ofeightcountries.consistsofmakeupismademadeconsisting教材原句p.51Withthese，youcanconveyastrongpictureoracertainmoodinjustafewwords.用五行詩，你只需幾句話就能表達出強烈的畫面或某種情緒。7moodn.

情緒；心情；（動詞的）語氣 inagood/badmood心情好/不好搭配

inthemoodforsth./todosth.有做某事的心情 innomoodforsth./todosth.沒有心情做某事She’sinagoodmoodtoday.她今天心情很好。Afteradayofoutdooractivities，youshouldbeinthemoodforagoodmeal.在戶外活動了一天之后，你應該想好好吃一頓。I’minnomoodtoattendtheparty.我無心去參加聚會。完成句子（1）I’mjustnot

（有……的心情）apartytonight.（2）IhaveneverseenAnn

（心情這么好）before.（3）Shewasverytired，and

（沒有心情）dancing.inthemoodforinsuchagoodmoodinnomoodfor教材原句p.51Teasing，shouting，laughing愛鬧，愛叫，又愛笑8teasevi.&vt.取笑（某人）；揶揄；逗弄（動物）搭配：teasesb.aboutsth.拿……開某人的玩笑Sheusedtoteasemeaboutmyhair.她過去總是取笑我的頭發。Don’tgetupset.Iamonlyteasing.不要生氣。我只是開玩笑。【歸納拓展】laughatsb.嘲笑某人playatrick/tricksonsb.捉弄某人makefunofsb.開某人的玩笑playajoke/jokesonsb.跟某人開玩笑Theotherchildrenwerealwaysmakingfunofhimbecausehewasfatandworeglasses.別的孩子總是取笑他，因為他胖而且戴著眼鏡。單句語法填空（1）Iusedtoget

（tease）aboutmyname.（2）Iusedtohate

（tease）aboutmyredhairwhenIwasatschool.（3）Don’tteasehim

hisweight—it’scruel.（4）Sheplayedatrick

mebytellingmeDianewashavingapartywhenshewasn’t.完成句子（5）Youmustnever

（取笑一個孩子）becausehestutters（口吃）（6）Don’ttakeitseriously.He

（只是在開玩笑）.

teasedbeingteasedaboutonteaseachildisonlyteasing重點句式教材原句p.51Itiseasytowriteand，likethecinquain,cangiveaclearpictureandcreateaspecialfeelingusingveryfewwords.它容易寫，就像五行詩一樣，可以用很少的文字描繪出一幅清晰的畫面并創造出一種特別的感覺。【句式分析】本句中，it并非形式主語而是替代詞，指代上文出現的名詞，同時作write的邏輯賓語。現在分詞短語using...作方式狀語。1主語+be+adj.+（forsb.）todo（1）句子的主語與動詞不定式是被動關系，不定式用主動形式表達被動意義。如果不定式的動詞為不及物動詞，應加上適當的介詞。（2）一些形容詞如easy，difficult，hard，comfortable，dangerous，impossible，pleasant，heavy，light等后接不定式的主動形式來表示被動意義。Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer.這個問題很難回答。Thesentenceisnoteasytounderstand.這個句子不容易理解。Thesurroundingsaredifficulttotolerate.周圍的環境令人難以忍受。單句語法填空（1）Tomisourmanagerwhoiseasy

（get）alongwith.翻譯句子（2）這臺機器容易操作。

_______________________________（3）這個房間住起來很舒適。

_______________________________（4）這個盒子對我來說太重了，我舉不動。

________________________________

togetThemachineiseasytooperate.Theroomiscomfortabletolivein.Theboxistooheavyformetolift.2現在分詞短語作狀語現在分詞短語作狀語可以表示時間、原因、條件、讓步、結果或伴隨情況等。有時為了強調，分詞前會加when，while，if，unless，once，though，evenif，asif等連詞一起作狀語。（1）時間狀語（相當于時間狀語從句）Hearingtheirteacher’svoice，thepupilsstoppedtalkingatonce.聽到老師的聲音，學生們立刻停止了講話。（2）原因狀語（相當于原因狀語從句）Beingill，shedidn’tgotoschoolasusualtoday.因為生病，她今天