Unit4Nevertoooldtolearn(選擇性必修第四冊)Unit1核心詞匯1.boundadj.一定會，很可能會；有義務（做某事）2.resolvevt.&vi.解決；表決；決心，決定n.決心，堅定的信念3.qualifyvt.使合格，使具備資格vi.取得資格（或?qū)W歷），合格4.prospectn.成功的機會，前景；可能性5.motoradj.機動車的，汽車的n.發(fā)動機，馬達6.drillvt.&vi.培訓，訓練；鉆（孔）n.練習，訓練；鉆，鉆頭7.petencen.能力，勝任8.randomadj.隨機的；辨認不出的；不合常理的9.tabletn.平板電腦；藥片10.certificaten.文憑，結(jié)業(yè)證書；證明，證明書11.breastn.胸部；胸脯12.curtainn.幕，帷幕；窗簾；簾，幔；覆蓋物13.matureadj.明白事理的，成熟的vi.成熟，長成；有判斷力14.essayn.文章，短文15.paragraphn.段，段落16.sneezevi.打噴嚏n.噴嚏，噴嚏聲17.drawern.抽屜18.bouncevt.（向某人）試探地透露（主意）vi.跳動n.彈跳；活力19.beardn.胡須，絡腮胡子20.carriagen.（火車的）客車廂；（舊時載客的）四輪馬車21.kettlen.壺，水壺閱讀詞匯1.Confuciusn.孔子2.objectiveadj.客觀的，客觀存在的；賓格的n.目標，目的3.concreteadj.確實的，具體的；有形的，實在的n.混凝土4.ceasevi.&vt.（使）停止，終止，結(jié)束5.reasoningn.推理，理性的觀點，論證6.abstractadj.抽象的，純理論的vt.把……抽象出，提取7.domainn.領(lǐng)域，范圍；領(lǐng)土；域8.institutionn.機構(gòu)；風俗習慣，制度9.circuitn.電路，線路；環(huán)行；賽車道10.recreationn.娛樂，消遣11.statisticn.統(tǒng)計數(shù)字，統(tǒng)計資料12.circusn.熱鬧場面；馬戲團13.geometryn.幾何（學）；幾何形狀14.draftn.草稿，草案，草圖vt.起草，草擬15.cafeterian.自助餐廳，自助食堂短語1.beboundto一定會，很可能會2.keeppacewithsb/sth與……步調(diào)一致，與……并駕齊驅(qū)3.subscribeto訂閱；定期訂購（或訂閱等）；同意，贊成4.inaflash轉(zhuǎn)瞬間，立即5.bounceideasoffsb向某人試探地透露主意6.beexposedto接觸到；暴露于7.stayup熬夜8.holdonto抓住……不放；堅持9.fitin適應10.pointout指出11.takeadvantageof利用12.eupwith提出，想出13.stickto堅持，遵守14.beconfidentabout對……充滿自信15.poseoneself使自己鎮(zhèn)定下來16.beimpressedon/uponsb給某人留下深刻印象17.dawnonsb使開始明白，使?jié)u漸領(lǐng)悟；使開始理解句型1.句型公式：what引導主語從句教材原句：Newknowledgeisconstantlybeinggeneratedandwhatyoualreadyknowisbeingrevisedallthetime，totheextentthatitcanbedifficulttokeeppacewiththelatestdevelopments.1.重要的是我從你那里學到了很多，而且我們成了好朋友。What’simportantisthatIgainedalotfromyouandwebecamegoodfriends.2.句型公式：否定詞置于句首引起的部分倒裝教材原句：LittledidIknowthatIwasabouttoexperiencethebestfouryearsofmylife.2.我很少發(fā)現(xiàn)他對在院子里跑來跑去快樂玩耍的孩子們不耐煩。RarelyhaveIfoundhimimpatientwiththechildrenwhoranaroundtheyardplayinghappily.3.句型公式：動詞ing短語作主語教材原句：“pletingthecoursehasgivenmesuchasenseofachievement，”hesays.3.跳舞是保持活力和社交的好方法。Dancingisagreatwaytostayactiveandsocialize.語法復雜句分析知識點01重點詞匯、短語1．blankadj.空白的；空的，無圖畫(或標記、裝飾)的；無表情的，木然的n．空白處，空格blanklyadv.茫然地；沒有表情地goblank(腦子里)突然一片空白；出現(xiàn)空白(指沒有圖像、文字等)ablankcheck空白支票ablankform空白表格ablankpage空白頁ablanktape空磁帶ablankexpression/look木然的表情ablankface茫然的面孔blankeyes茫然的眼睛fillintheblanks在空白處填寫◎單句語法填空①Shestared________(blank)intospace,notknowingwhattosaynext.②Iwastryingtoblank________previoussituationsfrommymind.③Foraminutetheyremainedstaring________(blank)atoneanother.④Readtheshortpassageandfillinthe________(blank)intheproperformofthewords.答案:①blankly②out③blankly④blanks2positionn．構(gòu)圖；構(gòu)成，成分；作品；作曲藝術(shù)posev．作曲；構(gòu)成，形成；寫作，創(chuàng)作；使鎮(zhèn)靜posern．作曲家beposedof由……組成/構(gòu)成poseoneself使某人鎮(zhèn)靜[學法點撥]“由……組成/構(gòu)成”的其他表達：consistof，bemadeupof。Waterisposedofhydrogenandoxygen.Waterconsistsofhydrogenandoxygen.Waterismadeupofhydrogenandoxygen.水由氫與氧化合而成。◎單句語法填空①Around15%ofourdiet________(pose)ofprotein.②Itwasthefortiethanniversaryofthedeathofthe________(pose)．③Heplayedapieceofmusicofhisown________(pose)．④Adamwasnervousatfirstbutsoonposed________(him)．◎同義句轉(zhuǎn)換⑤Alllivingthingsaremadeupofcells.→________________________________________________________________________答案：①isposed②poser③position④himself⑤Alllivingthingsareposedofcells./Alllivingthingsconsistofcells.3．boundadj.一定會，很可能會；有義務(做某事)；準備前往(某地)beboundtodosth.一定會/很可能會做某事beboundtobe＋n./adj.肯定是……aParisboundplane飛往巴黎的飛機beboundfor前往……aplaneboundforDublin開往都柏林的飛機◎單句語法填空①Thetakeoverofthepanyisbound________(mean)morejoblosses.②InthemorningthewagontrainsleftfromLanham,Nebraska,bound________OregonandCalifornia.◎完成句子③There________________________(一定會有變化)whenthenewsystemisintroduced.④Theflighthastakenoffat8：01fromNewark,N.J．，____________________(飛往)SanFrancisco.答案：①tomean②for③areboundtobechanges④boundfor4．resolvevt.&vi.解決；表決；決心，決定；分解n．決心，堅定的信念resolvedadj.下定決心的；斷然的(1)resolveadispute解決爭端resolveaconflict解決沖突resolveaproblem解決問題failtoresolve解決未果(2)resolvetodosth.決定做某事resolveonsth./ondoingsth.決心/決定(做)某事beresolvedtodosth.決心做某事o...把……變成……/把……分解為……resolvethat...決定……(3)makearesolvetodosth.下定決心做某事◎單句語法填空①Manystudentsresolve________studyingabroadaftergraduation.②Thischemicalsubstancecanberesolved________anacidandoxygen.③TheSupremeCouncilresolved________(resume)controloverthenationalpress.◎完成句子④Thedirector__________________________________(已經(jīng)決定了一項計劃)tosavethefirm.⑤He____________________________(決心)goonajourneyearlyinthenextmorning.答案：①on②into③toresume④hasresolvedonaplan⑤madearesolveto5．objectiveadj.客觀的；客觀存在的；賓格的n．目標，目的objectivelyadv.客觀地(1)themain/chief/primaryobjective主要目標theeconomic/military/politicalobjective經(jīng)濟/軍事/政治目標objectivereality/world客觀現(xiàn)實/世界withtheobjectiveof目的是．(2)anobjectiveanalysis/assessment/report客觀的分析/評價/報告(3)objectivelyspeaking客觀地說viewthesituationobjectively客觀地看待情況◎單句語法填空①Ourmain________(object)wastherecoveryofthechildsafeandwell.②Wesimplywanttoinformpeople________(objective)aboutevents.③Theirpanybroughtinadvancedtechnology________theobjectiveofimprovingtheoutput.④________(objective)speaking,thesituationisnottoobad.答案：①objective②objectively③with④Objectively6．concreteadj.確實的，具體的；有形的，實在的n．混凝土aconcretefloor混凝土地面concreteevidence/proposals/proof確鑿的證據(jù)/具體的建議/確實的證明concretefigures/problems/thoughts具體數(shù)字/問題/想法intheconcrete實際上；具體來說[詞語辨析]concrete與specificconcrete指通過感官能看到、聽到、觸碰到的具體東西，其反義詞是abstract。specific側(cè)重于修飾具體的細節(jié)，與general(一般)，vague(模糊)相對。◎完成句子①Weshould____________________________(具體分析)ofeachspecificquestion.②Iunderstandthegeneralidea.But____________________________(具體來說),whatdoyouactuallyplantodo?◎辨析填空：concrete與specific③Shedeclinedtobemore________aboutthereasonsfortheseparation.④Henowhereoffers________historicalbackgroundtosupporthisarguments.答案：①makeaconcreteanalysis②intheconcrete③specific④concrete7prehensionn．理解力，領(lǐng)悟能力；理解練習prehendvt.理解，領(lǐng)悟；包括prehensiveadj.全面的；綜合性的；詳盡的(1)havegoodprehension理解能力強havenoprehensionof不明白/不理解……speechandprehension說話能力和理解力listening/readingprehension聽力/閱讀理解練習beyond(one's)prehension超出(某人的)理解能力；令人費解(2)prehensivetreatment/quality/ine/knowledge綜合治療/素質(zhì)/收入/知識◎單句語法填空①Howhemanageditis________myprehension.②Streamingwithin________(prehend)schoolsismonpractice.③Theyturnedtooneanotherwiththesameexpressionofdawning________(prehend),surprise,andrelief.◎完成句子④She______________________________(不理解)herteacher'sproblems.答案：①beyond②prehensive③prehension④hadnoprehensionof8．reasoningn．推理，理性的觀點，論證reasonn．原因，理由；理智；理性v．推論；推理reasonableadj.合理的；公道的；適當?shù)模缓虾跚槔淼?1)reasoningability推理能力areasoningprocess推理過程(2)reasonfrom根據(jù)……進行推論reasonout通過推理得出結(jié)論◎單句語法填空①Wewouldnotreason________wherewewerebecauseofthemist.②Whatisa________(reason)standardforonefamilyisnotapplicabletoanother.③Hisargumentdoesnotreston________(reason)oronexperiment,butonauthority.④Intheabsenceofsuchdata,wemustreason________moreindirectevidence.答案：①out②reasonable③reasoning④from9.abstractadj.抽象的，純理論的vt.把……抽象出；提取；轉(zhuǎn)移(注意力等)n．摘要，摘錄abstractionn．抽象，抽象概念；心不在焉abstractedadj.心不在焉的abstractideas/concepts/paintings/principles抽象觀念/概念/畫/原理abstract...from...從……提取；摘錄……的要點makeanabstractof把……的要點摘錄下來intheabstract抽象地；在理論上◎單句語法填空①Andrewnoticedher________(abstract)andasked:“What'sbotheringyou？”②Intheendheabstractedthemostimportantpoints________hislongspeech.③Megwasso________(abstract)thatshescarcelynoticedthatthetrainhadstopped.答案：①abstraction②from③abstracted10．a(chǎn)ssumptionn．假定，假設assumev．認為；假定，假設assumingconj.假定，假設(1)makeanassumption做出假設ontheassumptionthat...假定……(2)assumesb./sth.tobe認為某人/某物是……assume(that)．..認為……Letus/Let'sassume(that)．..讓我們/咱們假設……Itisgenerally/usuallyassumedthat...普遍/通常認為……assuming(that)．..假定……◎單句語法填空①Thetheoryisbasedonaseriesofwrong________(assume)．②Iassumehim________(be)thecleverestboyinthisclass.③Weareworking________theassumptionthateveryoneinvitedwillturnup.④________(assume)thatyouarechosentobeavolunteerattheOlympicGames,whatwillyoudo?◎完成句子⑤________________________(我們認為)alargebrainmakeshugeadvantages.⑥__________________________(普遍認為)astudent'sdailylifeisasimportantashislearningexperience.答案：①assumptions②tobe③on④Assuming⑤Weassumethat⑥Itisgenerallyassumedthat11.occupationn．工作，職業(yè)；消遣；侵占，占領(lǐng)期；使用occupyv．占用，占領(lǐng)；任職；使忙于(做某事)occupiedadj.被占領(lǐng)的；忙于changeone'soccupation換工作chooseanoccupation選擇職業(yè)afulltimeoccupation全職工作(be)underoccupation在占領(lǐng)下，被占領(lǐng)occupyoneself(in)doingsth./withsth.忙于做某事occupyoneself(in)makingmoney忙于賺錢[詞語辨析]occupation與professionoccupation可以泛指各種職業(yè)。profession指必須受過相當高的教育或?qū)ｉT訓練才能從事的知識性職業(yè)，如律師、醫(yī)生、建筑師等。Shegotasidelineoccupation.她從事第二職業(yè)。Sheleftherteachingprofessionandbecameasecretary.她放棄教書的職業(yè)改行當了秘書。◎單句語法填空①Thestatesmanismuchoccupied________affairsofhisstate.②Youwillbeaskedtofillinaformwithdetailsofyourbirthand________(occupy)．③Somestudentswere________(occupy)withreviewingtheirlessons.④HereturnedfromParisandfoundhisofficewas________someoneelse'soccupation.◎辨析填空：occupation,profession⑤Sheisanurseby________andnowrunsacounsellingserviceforwomen.⑥Pleasestateyourname,ageand________.答案：①with②occupation③occupied④under⑤profession⑥occupation12．prospectn．成功的機會，前景；可能性；景色prospectiveadj.預期的；潛在的(1)theprospectof..……的前景；……的展望；……的可能性havegoodprospects有好的前景inprospect(of)可以預料到；有希望；有可能careerprospects事業(yè)前途marketprospect市場前景brightprospect光明的前景There'snoprospectof...無望……(2)prospectivemarkets潛在的市場prospectivebuyers可能的買主prospectiveoil石油儲量◎單句語法填空①Amajorchangeofthepoliticalclimateisnot________prospect.②Ithasgood________(prospect)onconditionthatthetwosidescooperatewillingly.③Whenhis________(prospect)employerslearnedthathesmoked,theysaidtheywouldn'thirehim.◎完成句子④Hedoesn'tlike__________________________(……的可能性)havingtolivealone.⑤Farmersploughandsow____________________________(有……希望)theingharvest.答案：①in②prospects③prospective④theprospectof⑤inprospectof13.circuitn．電路，線路；環(huán)行；賽車道circuitryn．電路；電路系統(tǒng)anelectricalcircuit電路anintegratedcircuit集成電路aclosed/shortcircuit閉/短路acircuitboard/diagram電路板/圖do/makeacircuitof巡游……thelecturecircuitof巡回講學……makeacircuitofthesun繞太陽運行一周◎完成句子①Themandingofficer________________(巡游)thecamp.②Iftheexposedwiresconnect,weshallhave________________________(短路)．③Heretiredthisyearafterovertenyearson________________________(網(wǎng)球巡回賽)．答案：①madeacircuitof②ashortcircuit③thetenniscircuit14petencen．能力，勝任petentadj.有能力的；足以勝任的petentlyadv.有能力地；稱職地(1)petencein在……的本領(lǐng)；在……的能力beyondone'spetence超出某人的能力范圍withinthepetenceof在……能力范圍內(nèi)linguistic/municativepetence語言/交際能力professional/technicalpetence專業(yè)/技術(shù)能力(2)apetentlawyer/teacher稱職的律師/教師feel/bepetenttodosth.有能力做某事bepetentin(doing)sth.有能力做某事[詞語辨析]petence與abilitypetence正式用詞，側(cè)重指令人滿意的業(yè)務能力與水平，達到勝任某項工作的要求。ability普通用詞，指人先天的或?qū)W來的各種能力。Theyoungsurgeonshowedexceptionalpetence.這位年輕的外科醫(yī)生表現(xiàn)了非凡的能力。Shedidtheworktothebestofherability.她已盡了全力去做好那份工作了。◎單句語法填空①Thesearematters________thepetenceofthecourt.②Makesurethefirmispetent________(carry)outthework.③Themovieiswellactedandvery________(petent)filmed.④IbelieveIampetent________thisjob,andhavewonderfulperformancebeyondyourexpectations.⑤I'monlyworriedabouthisattitudetothejob;his________(petent)isnotinquestion.⑥Thisexperiencecanenrichmyknowledgeandmakeme________(petence)inmyfuturejob.答案：①within/beyond②tocarry③petently④in⑤petence⑥petent15.referencen．參考；提到；推薦信；推薦人vt.查閱，參考refervi.參考；談及；咨詢vt.把……提交；把……歸因；歸類(1)referencebooks參考書forfuturereference供日后參考in/withreferenceto關(guān)于withoutreferenceto不管，不論；無關(guān)；與……無關(guān)(2)referto提到；參考；涉及；指的是；適用于refer...to...把……介紹/引薦給……referoneselfto依賴；求助于◎單句語法填空①Youshouldreferthismatter________theheadofficeforadecision.②However,apocketdictionarydoesn'tcontainenoughentriestobeadequateforcollege________(refer)homework.③WangShu,a49yearoldChinesearchitect,wonthe2012PritzkerArchitecturePrize—whichisoftenreferredto________theNobelPrizeinarchitecture—onFebruary28.④Theemergencynursecantreatminorinjuries________referencetoadoctor.◎?qū)懗鼍渲衦efer(...)to的含義⑤Youcanrefertoadictionaryifnecessary.____________⑥Ifhegivesanymoretroubleyoureferhimtome.____________⑦Shereferredtothesubjectseveraltimesduringherspeech.____________答案：①to②reference③as④without⑤參考⑥把……介紹給⑦提及16.draftn．草稿，草案，草圖vt.起草，草擬；征召入伍(1)thefirstdraft初稿thefinaldraft最終稿，定稿aroughdraft草稿；底子(2)draftout起草bedraftedinto征召入伍draftingrooms繪圖室；制圖室◎單句語法填空①Sincetimeislimited,Idrafted________myspeechin10minutes.②Elvis'musicallifewascutshortwhenhe________(draft)intothearmyin1958.③Iwas20yearsoldwhenIwasdrafted________theArmyinOctober1942.答案：①out②wasdrafted③into17.presentationn．幻燈片演示；提交，授予；展示會：演出presentn．禮物；現(xiàn)在adj.出席的；存在的；現(xiàn)在的，當前的v．提交；贈送；頒發(fā)(1)anoralpresentation口頭報告；口頭陳述apresentationskill演講技巧；表達技巧giveapresentationof對……做陳述(2)atpresent＝atthepresenttime現(xiàn)在，目前thepresentsituation目前的形勢thepeoplepresent在場的人bepresentattheelections出席選舉presentsth.tosb.＝presentsb.withsth.向某人頒發(fā)某物◎單句語法填空①Memberswillbeadmittedon________(present)ofamembershipcard.②Thelittlegirlpresentedabunchofflowers________thesoldier.③Hewaspresented________thewatchontheoccasionofhisretirement.④Thereisnoway________presentofpredictingwhichindividualswilldevelopthedisease.⑤Iwasaskedtogiveashort________(present)ontheaimsoftheplan.答案：①presentation②to③with④at⑤presentation18．extensionn．(為非全日制學生開設的)進修部，進修課；擴大，延伸；延長期extendv．延伸；延長；伸展；擴展；使竭盡全力extensiveadj.廣泛的；廣大的；大量的；廣闊的(1)fileextension文件擴展名extensionnumber分機號碼telephoneextension分機(2)extensivereading泛讀extensiveresearch廣泛研究extensiverepairwork大規(guī)模的修繕工作haveanextensiveknowledgeofsth.對某事物具有廣博的知識◎單句語法填空①Expertsbelievethattheingdroughtwillbe________(extend)．②Thecountrydecidedtohavean________(extend)ofgovernmentcontrolonthemarket.③Hisrightarm________(extend)upbesidehishead,stillholdingontoacoffeecup.答案：①extensive②extension③wasextended19．keeppacewith與……步調(diào)一致，與……并駕齊驅(qū)Shefoundithardtokeeppacewithhimashestrodeoff.他大步走開了，她感到很難跟上他。Inthisageofinformation,thosewhocan'tuseaputercan'tkeeppacewiththetimes.在這個信息時代，不會用電腦的人就跟不上時代步伐。putsb.throughsb.'spaces測試某人的能力paceupanddown走來走去setthepace領(lǐng)先；起領(lǐng)頭作用；定速度◎單句語法填空①Thecoachspentthewholemorningputtingthenewer________hispaces.②Ifyouaskthefastrunnertoset________pace,thenmostofthemwillbeleftbehind.③TheearningsoftheaverageAmericanhavefailedtokeeppace________therateofinflation.◎完成句子④Thecaptain______________________(領(lǐng)先)formostofthecourseinthisyear'smarathon.⑤She______________________(與……步調(diào)一致)thetideandisalwaysdressedinthelatestfashion.答案：①through②the③with④setthepace⑤keepspacewith20．inaflash轉(zhuǎn)瞬間，立即Inaflashherememberedeverythingandaplanbegantoforminhismind.剎那間，他記起了一切，腦子里開始形成一個計劃。Suddenlyitstartedrainingbutitwasoverinaflash.突然開始下雨，但馬上雨就停了。flashacross閃現(xiàn)，掠過；一閃而過flashback回想；反射flashby一閃而過flashup舉起，亮出，晃出◎單句語法填空①Thefilmsuddenlyflashed________totheheroine'syouth.②Theybroughtbacktomymind,________aflash,thethreejugglers.③Daysandmonthsflash________asquicklyasaweaver'sshuttle.④Theideathathewasintroublesuddenlyflashed________mymind.⑤Thetravelerflashed________asigntoshowpassingmotoristswherehewantedtogo.答案：①back②in③by④across⑤up21．dawnonsb.使開始明白，使?jié)u漸領(lǐng)悟，使開始理解Itdawnedonmethatitwasonlyadream.我漸漸明白那只是一個夢。(1)Itdawnsonsb.that...某人突然意識到……Sth.dawn(s)onsb.某人突然意識到某事。(2)Ithits/strikessb.that...某人突然想到……Itoccurstosb.that...某人突然想到……A(n)thought/idea...hits/strikessb.某人突然想到一個主意……A(n)thought/idea...occurstosb.某人突然想到一個主意……Ithitmethatthebosswasbehavingprettystrangely.我突然意識到老板的行為相當奇怪。AnideaoccurredtomethatIwouldhaveatry.我突然有個我要試試的念頭。◎單句語法填空①Theconsequencesofyouractionswilldawn________yousoonerorlater.②Itgraduallydawnedonme________Istillhadtalentandoughttorunagain.◎完成句子③__________________________(我漸漸明白)IstilllovedwhatIdid.④__________________________(他突然想起了一個好主意)thathewouldgetusoutofourdifficulty.答案：①on②that③Itdawnedonmethat④Angoodideaoccurredtohim22poseoneself使自己鎮(zhèn)定下來Thedriverquicklyposedhimselfasthecarstartedoff.車一上路，司機就很快讓自己平靜了下來。Shewasnervousatfirstbutsoonposedherself.她起初很緊張，但很快就鎮(zhèn)靜下來。poseanovel創(chuàng)作小說poseapieceofmusic作曲poseone'sthoughts保持頭腦冷靜beposedof＝bemadeupof/consistof由……組成◎單句語法填空①Thehousesinmyhometown________(pose)ofwoodinthepast.②Emmafrowned,makinganefforttopose________(her)．◎完成句子③Shewipedhertearsand____________________________(使她自己鎮(zhèn)定下來)．④Themittee__________________________(由……組成)professorsandengineers.答案：①wereposed②herself③posedherself④isposedof/ismadeupof/consistsof知識點02重點句型1．Itiscertainthat...可以肯定的是……[教材原句]Itiscertainthateducationalinstitutionsandpanieswillcontinuetoadvocatevocationaleducationandtraining.可以肯定的是，教育機構(gòu)和企業(yè)將繼續(xù)倡導職業(yè)教育和培訓。[句式分析]It'scertainthatwewillsucceed.(√)It'ssurethatwewillsucceed.(×)sure的主語只能是人。[歸納拓展]becertain/sureof/about對……有把握becertain/suretodosth.對做某事有把握becertain/surethat...對……有把握becertain/surewho/what/how...對誰/什么/怎樣……有把握makecertain/surethat/of...弄清楚……，確保……forcertain/sure確定，無疑[基礎練習]單句語法填空①Itiscertain________Mr.Blackwillsupportyourplan.②Thispletebutbriefhistoricalcollectioniscertain________(entertain)readersyoungandold...③Areyouabsolutelycertain________this?④Idonotknow,________certain,whattheymean.⑤You'llhavetoleavesoontomakecertain________gettingthereontime.答案：①that②toentertain③about④for⑤of2．a(chǎn)s引導非限制性定語從句[教材原句]Ascanbeseenfromthegraph/chart，...從圖表中可以看出……[句式分析](1)ascanbeseen...中的as表示“正如，正像”，引導非限制性定語從句。(2)①as引導非限制性定語從句的幾個常用固定句式：asisknowntoallaswecansee(fromhisaccent)ascanbeseenfrom...asyouknowasismentionedabove②as引導狀語從句有如下用法：as引導時間狀語從句，意為“當……時”，強調(diào)主句謂語動詞表示的動作與從句謂語動詞表示的動作的同時性。AsourcarapproachedMountHuang,itsloweddown.我們的車接近黃山時，速度慢了下來。as引導原因狀語從句，意為“因為，由于”。通常表示附加說明的理由，而且是雙方都已經(jīng)知道的原因。Itisimportanttopayyourelectricitybillontime,aslatepaymentsmayaffectyourcredit.按時繳納電費很重要，因為晚繳可能影響你的信用。as引導讓步狀語從句，意為“盡管，雖然，即使”(從句須倒裝)。Coldasitis,myelderbrotherwearsonlyashirt.盡管天氣冷，我哥哥只穿了一件襯衫。as引導方式狀語從句，意為“正如；按照”。TheydidasIhadasked.他們是按照我的要求做的。as引導比較狀語從句，意為“像……一樣”。JohncameasearlyasMarydid.約翰和瑪麗來的一樣早。[基礎練習]單句語法填空①________youknow,playingpingpongcannotonlybuildupyourbodybutalsoshapeyourcharacter.②Just________thesayinggoes,“Onetreedoesn'tmakeaforest.”O(jiān)ursuccessisbasedon/uponcooperatingwithothers.③MarianBechtelsitsatWestPalmBeach'sBarLouiecounterbyherself,quietlyreadingherebook________shewaitsforhersalad.④AccordingtoProfessorJohnson,wedon'thavetoreadthebookifwedon'twantto,________itisoptional.⑤Enviable________thecoolkidsmayhaveseemed,Dr.Prinstein'sstudiesshowunpleasantconsequences.⑥Child________heis,heknowsalotaboutspaceexploration.答案：①As②as③as④as⑤as⑥as3．do/does/did用于強調(diào)謂語動詞[教材原句]．..andtheydotakeagenuineinterestintheirstudents'intellectualdevelopment.……并且他們的確真心實意地關(guān)心學生的智力發(fā)展。[句式分析](1)強調(diào)謂語動詞要用“do/does/did＋動詞原形”，do/does/did在句中要重讀。這種結(jié)構(gòu)只能用于一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時的肯定句中。Idohopethatyouwillvisitusnextyear.我真的希望你明年能來看我們。Mydaughterdoeslikepopmusic.我女兒確實喜歡流行音樂。Hedidgototheairporttomeetyou.他確實去機場接你了。(2)在祈使句中使用“do＋動詞原形”形式，往往不表示命令，而表示強烈的請求，有時表達更加客氣的語氣。Doeontimenexttime.下次請務必準時來。[基礎練習]單句語法填空①It________pointoutthatmanyparentsstilllimitelectronicreading,mainlyduetoconcernsaboutincreasedscreentime.②I________hopethatyoucouldjoinusbecausetheparkissuchafunplacetorelaxandsurelywewillhaveagreattime.③However,whensomething________interestme,Icouldbeeabsorbed.答案：①does②do③did4．過去完成進行時(hadbeendoing...)[教材原句]IhadbeenwaitingwithmyfellowgraduatingstudentsforthemomentwhenIwouldwalkoutontothestagetoreceivemydegreecertificate.我和我的同學們一直在等待著我走上臺領(lǐng)取學位證書的那一刻。[句式分析]hadbeenwaiting是過去完成進行時態(tài)，其構(gòu)成是hadbeendoing。過去完成進行時表示動作在過去某一時間之前開始，一直延續(xù)到這一“過去”時間。和過去完成時一樣，過去完成進行時也必須以這一“過去”時間為前提。Amanhadbeenwaitingforthebusatthebusstop.一個男子一直在公交車站等公交車。[基礎練習]單句語法填空①Howwouldyoufeelifyoudiscoveredthatthepeopleclosesttoyou________________(hide)thetruthfromyou?②Jane,who________(play)theviolininherroom,hurriedtothelivingroom.答案：①hadbeenhiding②hadbeenplaying5．LittledidIknow...(否定詞位于句首的部分倒裝語序)[教材原句]LittledidIknowthatIwasabouttoexperiencethebestfouryearsofmylife.我一點兒也不知道我即將經(jīng)歷人生中最美好的四年。[句式分析](1)否定詞little位于句首，句子用部分倒裝。其結(jié)構(gòu)為：little＋助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/be動詞＋主語＋主要謂語動詞＋其他成分。(2)當含有否定意義的詞或短語置于句首時，句子須用部分倒裝，即把助動詞、情態(tài)動詞、be動詞移至主語之前。這樣的詞或短語有never，neither，nor，not，seldom,little,hardly,rarely,scarcely，atnotime,bynomeans,innoway等。NeverhaveIseensuchanamazingperformance.我從沒見過如此驚人的表演。InnowayshallIgiveup.我決不放棄。[基礎練習]單句語法填空①Little________(do)IknowwhatdrovemetobehaveasIdid,forusuallyIjustsatthereinsilence.②Neverbefore________(have)heearnedsomuchmoneyinhislife.③Seldom________(do)itoccurtothemtowanderabit,totakeamomenttoseewhat'saroundthem.答案：①did②had③did英語句子分類英語句子分為:簡單句、并列句、復合句簡單句英語的基本句型（1）主語＋謂語（不及物動詞）Shecame．/Myheadaches.主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子的謂語動詞都能表達完整的意思。但也可以加介詞跟賓語：“主＋謂+介詞+賓語”。Wegotoschooleveryday.（2）主語＋謂語（及物動詞）＋賓語ShelikesEnglish.主語＋謂語（雙賓動詞）＋間賓＋直賓可接雙賓語的常見動詞有：ask,answer,give,offer,send,bring,pass,tell,show,teach,promise等。hegaveJohnabook．Sheboughtabookforme.（4）主語＋謂語（賓補動詞）＋賓語＋賓補Shemakeshermotherangry．Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.可接復合賓語的常見動詞有：ask,tell,find,help,like,allow,take,make,let,have（使得）,force（強迫）,call,advise,persuade（勸服）,watch,see,hear,feel（認為，覺得）,consider（認為）,choose,elect（選）等。（5）主語＋系動詞＋表語Sheishappy．（6）There+beThereliesabookonthedesk.簡單句的擴展：基本句型+附屬成分（定語、狀語）ShelikesorangesimportedfromtheUSA.JohngaveMarymanybooks，whicharefullofpicturess．Sheissittingatthedesk,doingherhomework.Ashewasill,hedidn’tetoclassyesterday.并列句并列句由兩個或者兩個以上獨立分句并列在一起構(gòu)成，起基本結(jié)構(gòu)是分句加并列連詞加分句。在并列句中，除了使用并列連詞以外還可以使用并列連詞詞組，或者連接副詞來連接分句，有時甚至不用并列連詞，只用逗號.分號.冒號等把分句隔開。常用的并列連詞有：and,but,or,for,so,neither,nor…并列連詞詞組有：either…or,neither…nor,both…and,aswellas,notonly…butalso…連接副詞有：besides,furthermore,moreover…表示聯(lián)合關(guān)系常用and,neither…nor,notonly…butalso等連詞Therewasabigstormaftermidnightandtherainpoureddown.Icanneitherwritesongsnorplaytheguitar.表示選擇關(guān)系常用or,either…or等連詞Wecookadinnertogether,orwegoforalongwalk.…eitheroneofhisdaughtersreplaceshimasaprisonerinthecastle,orhewilldie.…表示轉(zhuǎn)折和對比關(guān)系常用yet，but，however，while等but表示完全轉(zhuǎn)折，語氣較強。while主要表示對比。however在使用時必須用逗號把它和句子其他成分隔開。yet既可以用作并列連詞也可以用作連接副詞。Somesportsaredoneindoors,whileothersaredoneoutdoors.Theywantedtocharge﹩5,000forthecar,butwemanagedtobringthepricedown.Insomeplaceswomenareexpectedtoearnmoneywhilemenworkathomeandraisetheirchildren.Onecannotseewind,however,itdoesexist.I’dliketogowithyou;however,myhandsarefull.Theessayisgood;itcouldbeimproved,however.Heworkedhard,yethefailed.(并列連詞)Itisstrange,andyetitistrue.(連接副詞)表示因果關(guān)系常用so，for，therefore等連接詞Ididn’tgetenoughsleepsoIdidn’tfeelverywellthismorning.Itwasraining,thereforewehadtostayathome.Hefounditincreasinglydifficulttoread,forhiseyesightwasbrginningtofail.表示條件或者結(jié)果常用and或者or等連詞Simplyraiseyourhand,andataxiappearsinnotime.Don’tdrivetoofastoryouwillhaveanaccident.Standoverthereandyouwillseetheoilpaintingbetter.Youhavetomoveoutofthewayorthetruckcan’tgetpast.表示遞進關(guān)系常用besides，furthermore，moreover等連接副詞。Televisionisentertaining;besides/furthermore/moreover,itisinstructive.1.包含并列連詞的特殊句式。(1)祈使句，and/or＋主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。(2)名詞短語，and＋主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。(3).beaboutto...when...正要……這時突然……Climbtothetopofthemountain，andyou'llgetagoodviewofthecity.Hurryup，oryou'llbelate.Anotherfiveminutes，andI'llfinishtheposition.Afewminutesandtheywentaway.Hewasabouttogooutwhenitbegantorainheavily.2.however，but，while的用法比較。however另起新句,有逗號與句子隔開。but不需另起新句。while既表示對比，又表轉(zhuǎn)折。Hewasill，buthestillkeptonworking.Whatshesaidsoundedreasonable，Mr.Green，however，didn'tbelieveher.她說得有道理，然而，格林先生就是不信她。Thereisplentyofraininthesouthwhilethereislittleraininthenorth.南方多雨而北方少雨。3.(1)so不能與because連用。(2)but，while不與although連用，但yet，still可與although連用并列句易錯點誤區(qū)一并列連詞的缺失或誤用(1)【誤】Weboughtherabirthdaypresent,shelikeditverymuch.【正】Weboughtherabirthdaypresent,andshelikeditverymuch.[分析]分析句式可知，兩個分句之間缺少連詞，結(jié)合句意“我們給她買了生日禮物，而且她很喜歡”可知，前后分句之間是并列關(guān)系，故在she前加and。(2)【誤】Everyoneinthetownknewhim,wehadnotroublefindinghishouse.【正】Everyoneinthetownknewhim,sowehadnotroublefindinghishouse.[分析]分析句式可知，兩個分句之間缺少連詞，結(jié)合句意“鎮(zhèn)上誰都認識他，因此我們毫不費力就找到了他的家”可知，前后分句之間是因果關(guān)系，故在we前加so。(3)【誤】ealittleearliernexttime,andyou'llmissthebestpartoftheTVplay.【正】ealittleearliernexttime,or/otherwiseyou'llmissthebestpartoftheTVplay.[分析]此句是“祈使句＋or/otherwise＋陳述句”句型。[注意]導致以上錯誤的原因主要在于兩方面：①用逗號連接兩個簡單句；②不清楚句意或句式區(qū)別造成連詞誤用。要記住，逗號前后不能為兩句話，要么其中一個是從句，要么有連詞連接，這才符合語法規(guī)則。另外，還應注意避免機械地排列簡單句，這也是書面表達中不能取得高分的原因之一，如：IbelieveIamfitforit.I'mwritingtoapplyfortheposition.如果我們把這兩個意義相關(guān)的句子用適當?shù)倪B詞連接起來，可得到下面的句子：IbelieveIamfitforit，soI'mwritingtoapplyfortheposition.比較一下，同學們是不是感覺后者要優(yōu)于前者呢？并列連詞的使用可增強句子之間的邏輯性和美感，使句子之間顯得更加緊湊。高考模擬試題一、單項選擇1．（2324廣東深圳·一模）Notonly________myskillsofmunicationbutalso________metoknowmoreaboutourtraditionalcultu