高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1浙江省寧波市奉化區(qū)2024-2025學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期末聯(lián)考英語試題第一部分聽力（略）第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AChoiceofWalksforBeginnerandExperiencedWalkersTheCarlowAutumnWalkingFestivalisagreatopportunityforthebeginner,experiencedoradvancedwalkertoenjoythechallengesofCarlow’smountainhikesorthepeaceofitswoodlandwalks.Walk1—TheNaturalWorldWithenvironmentalistéannaLamhnaastheguide,thiswalkpromisestobeaninformativetour.WalkersaresuretolearnlotsaboutthehabitatsandnaturalworldoftheBlackstairs.DateandTime:Saturday,1stOctober,at09:00StartPoint:ScratoesBridgeWalkDuration:6hoursWalk2—IntroductiontoHillwalkingEmmanuelChappard,anexperiencedguide,hasapassionformakingthegreatoutdoorsaccessibletoall.Thismountainwalkprovidesaninsightintotheskillsrequiredforhillwalkingtoensureyougetthemostfromfuturewalkingtrips.DateandTime:Sunday,2ndOctober,at09:00StartPoint:DeerparkCarParkWalkDuration:5hoursWalk3—MoonlightUndertheStarsWalkingatnight-timeisagreatwaytostepoutofyourcomfortzone.BreathtakingviewsofthelowlandsofCarlowcanbeenjoyedinthepresenceofwelcomingguidesfromlocalwalkingclubs.Atorch(手電筒)alongwithsuitableclothingisessentialforwalkinginthedark.Thosewhoaredressedinappropriatelywillberefusedpermissiontoparticipate.DateandTime:Saturday,1stOctober,at18:30StartPoint:TheTownHallWalkDuration:3hoursWalk4—PhotographicWalkinKilbrannishForestThisinformativewalkledbyRichardSmythintroducesyoutothebasicprinciplesofphotographyinthewild.Bringalongyourcameraandenjoythewonderfulviewsalongthiswell-surfacedforestpath.DateandTime:Sunday,2ndOctober,at11:45StartPoint:KilbrannishForestRecreationAreaWalkDuration:1.5hours1.Whichwalktakestheshortesttime?A.TheNaturalWorld. B.IntroductiontoHillwalking.C.MoonlightUndertheStars. D.PhotographicWalkinKilbrannishForest.2.WhatareparticipantsinWalk3requiredtodo?A.Joinawalkingclub. B.Bringasurvivalguide.C.Wearproperclothes. D.Getspecialpermits.3.Whatdothefourwalkshaveincommon?A.Theyareforexperiencedwalkers. B.Theyarescheduledfortheweekend.C.Theysharethesamestartpoint. D.Theyinvolvedifficultclimbing.【答案】1.D2.C3.B【語篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了參加卡洛秋季徒步節(jié)的幾種步行方案，及其日期、起點(diǎn)和步行時(shí)間等相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)。【1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一部分“WalkDuration:6hours(步行時(shí)間：6小時(shí))”；第二部分“步行時(shí)間：5小時(shí)(WalkDuration:5hours)”；第三部分“WalkDuration:3hours(步行時(shí)間：3小時(shí))”以及最后一部分“WalkDuration:1.5hours(步行時(shí)間：1.5小時(shí))”可知，PhotographicWalkinKilbrannishForest時(shí)間最短。故選D。【2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“Walk3—MoonlightUndertheStars(步行3——星光下的月光)”部分中的“Thosewhoaredressedinappropriatelywillberefusedpermissiontoparticipate.(穿著不當(dāng)?shù)娜藢⒈痪芙^參加)”可知，第三種步行方案的參與者需要穿合適的衣服。故選C。【3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)四種步行方案中的“DateandTime(日期和時(shí)間)”部分比較可知，這四種方案都被安排在周末。故選B。BMostofustakethetaskofbuyingacupofcoffeeforgranted,asitseemssimpleenough.However,wehavenoideajusthowstressfultaskslikethiscanbeforpeoplewhosufferfromdisabilities.That’swhyit’ssoheart-warmingtoseeastorylikethisinwhichabarista(咖啡師)doessomethingsmalltomakelifealittleeasierforsomeonewhoisdeaf.IbbyPirachalosthishearingwhenhewasonlytwoyearsold,andhenowgoestohislocalcafeinLeesburg,Virginiatoorderacupofcoffeeatleastthreetimesaweek.Thoughallthebaristaswhoworktherehavehisordermemorized,Ibbyalwayswritehisorderonhisphoneandshowsittothebarista.Oneday,however,oneofthebaristasdidsomethingthatchangedeverything!AfterIbbyorderedhiscoffee,hewasamazedwhenbaristaKrystalpanehandedhimanoteinresponse.“I’vebeenlearningsignlanguagejustsoyoucanhavethesameexperienceaseveryoneelse,”thenoteread.KrystalthenaskedIbbyinsignlanguagewhathewouldliketoorder.Ibbywastouchedthatshewouldlearnsignlanguagejusttohelphimfeelwelcome.“Iwasjustsomovedthatsheactuallywantedtolearnsignlanguage.Itisreallyatotallydifferentlanguageanditwassomethingthatshewantedtodobecauseofme.BecauseIwasadeafcustomer.Iwasvery,veryimpressed,”Ibbysaid.KrystalhadspenthourswatchingteachingvideossothatshecouldlearnenoughsignlanguagetogiveIbbythebestcustomerservicethatshecould!“Myjobistomakesurepeoplehavetheexperiencetheyexpectandthat’swhatIgavehim,”Krystalsays.IbbypostedaphotoofKrystal’snoteonline,anditquicklywentviral,gettinghundredsoflikesandcommentsthatpraisedKrystalforherkindaction.4.WhatcanwelearnaboutIbbyPirachafromparagraph2?A.Hewasborndeaf. B.Helivesahardlife.C.Helovestoordertake-outfood. D.Hevisitsthecaferegularly.5.WhydidKrystallearnsignlanguage?A.ToserveIbbybetter. B.Toattractmorecustomers.C.TogiveIbbyabigsurprise. D.Tomakeherselfmorepopular.6.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeKrystal?A.Kindandconsiderate. B.Honestandresponsible.C.Sociableandhumorous. D.Ambitiousandsensitive.7.Whatmessagedoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthetext?A.Twoheadsarebetterthanone. B.Asmallactmakesadifference.C.Onegoodturndeservesanother. D.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.【答案】4.D5.A6.A7.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述的是Ibby的故事，Ibby是個(gè)聾啞人，他在買咖啡的時(shí)候遇到了一位服務(wù)員Krystal，Krystal告訴他，她正在學(xué)習(xí)手語，希望能夠讓Ibby擁有和其他人同樣的購物體驗(yàn)。【4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“IbbyPirachalosthishearingwhenhewasonlytwoyearsold,andhenowgoestohislocalcafeinLeesburg,Virginiatoorderacupofcoffeeatleastthreetimesaweek.(IbbyPiracha兩歲時(shí)失聰，現(xiàn)在他每周至少三次去弗吉尼亞州利斯堡當(dāng)?shù)氐目Х瑞^點(diǎn)一杯咖啡。)”可知，IbbyPiracha經(jīng)常去一家咖啡館。故選D。【5題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“AfterIbbyorderedhiscoffee,hewasamazedwhenbaristaKrystalpanehandedhimanoteinresponse.“I’vebeenlearningsignlanguagejustsoyoucanhavethesameexperienceaseveryoneelse,”thenoteread.KrystalthenaskedIbbyinsignlanguagewhathewouldliketoorder.(在Ibby點(diǎn)了咖啡后，他驚訝地看到咖啡師KrystalPane遞給他一張紙條作為回應(yīng)。紙條上寫道：“我一直在學(xué)習(xí)手語，這樣你就能和其他人有同樣的體驗(yàn)。”然后Krystal用手語問Ibby他想點(diǎn)什么。)”可知，Krystal學(xué)習(xí)手語是為了更好地為Ibby服務(wù)，讓他能和其他人有同樣的體驗(yàn)。故選A。【6題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“AfterIbbyorderedhiscoffee,hewasamazedwhenbaristaKrystalpanehandedhimanoteinresponse.“I’vebeenlearningsignlanguagejustsoyoucanhavethesameexperienceaseveryoneelse,”thenoteread.KrystalthenaskedIbbyinsignlanguagewhathewouldliketoorder.(在Ibby點(diǎn)了咖啡后，他驚訝地看到咖啡師KrystalPane遞給他一張紙條作為回應(yīng)。紙條上寫道：“我一直在學(xué)習(xí)手語，這樣你就能和其他人有同樣的體驗(yàn)。”然后Krystal用手語問Ibby他想點(diǎn)什么。)”以及最后一段“IbbypostedaphotoofKrystal’snoteonline,anditquicklywentviral,gettinghundredsoflikesandcommentsthatpraisedKrystalforherkindaction.(Ibby在網(wǎng)上發(fā)布了克里斯托紙條的照片，并迅速走紅，得到了數(shù)百個(gè)贊和評(píng)論，稱贊krystal的善舉。)”可知，Krystal之所以學(xué)習(xí)手語是為了讓Ibby能和其他人有同樣的體驗(yàn)，而人們也為她的善舉點(diǎn)贊。所以可推測Krystal是個(gè)心地善良而又善解人意的人。故選A。【7題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“That’swhyit’ssoheart-warmingtoseeastorylikethisinwhichabarista(咖啡師)doessomethingsmalltomakelifealittleeasierforsomeonewhoisdeaf.(這就是為什么看到這樣一個(gè)咖啡師做了一件小事讓聾啞人的生活變得更輕松的故事是如此溫暖人心。)”以及文章第四段“Ibbywastouchedthatshewouldlearnsignlanguagejusttohelphimfeelwelcome.“Iwasjustsomovedthatsheactuallywantedtolearnsignlanguage.Itisreallyatotallydifferentlanguageanditwassomethingthatshewantedtodobecauseofme.BecauseIwasadeafcustomer.Iwasvery,veryimpressed,”Ibbysaid.(Ibby很感動(dòng)，她會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)手語，只是為了讓他感到受歡迎。“我很感動(dòng)，她真的想學(xué)手語。這真的是一種完全不同的語言，她想做這件事是因?yàn)槲摇Ｒ驗(yàn)槲沂莻€(gè)聾子顧客。我非常非常印象深刻，”Ibby說。)”可知，文章主要想表達(dá)的是一個(gè)小舉動(dòng)卻讓Ibby印象深刻，并讓他心里充滿溫暖。故選B。CLaughtercomesinmanyforms,fromapolitechuckletoaninfectioushowlofamusement.ScientistsarenowdevelopinganAIsystemthatcancopyvariousformsoflaughteraccurately.Theteambehindthelaughingrobot,Erica,saythatthesystemcouldimprovenaturalconversationsbetweenpeopleandAIsystems.Dr.KojiInoue,leadauthoroftheresearchfromKyotoUniversity,highlightsempathy(共情)asacrucialaspectofconversationalAI,suggestinglaughtersharingasameansforrobotstoconnectwithusers.Toachievethis,Inoueandhisteamgathereddatafromover80speed-datingdialoguesbetweenmalestudentsandErica,initiallyoperatedbyamateuractors.Dialoguedatalabeledforindividual,social,andjoyfullaughterwasusedtotrainanAIsystemtoidentifyandproducefittinglaughterresponses.Basedontheaudiofiles,thealgorithm(算法)learnedtheirsubtledifferences,aimingtoimitatesociallaughssubtlyandheartylaughsempathetically.“Ourbiggestchallengeinthisworkwasidentifyingtheactualcasesofsharedlaughter,”explainedInoue,emphasizingtheneedforcarefulcategorization.Erica’s“senseofhumor”wastestedwithfourdialogues,integratingthenewshared-laughteralgorithm.ThesewerecomparedtocaseswhereEricadidn’tlaughoremittedsociallaughsupondetectinglaughter.Theclipswereplayedto130volunteerswhoratedtheshared-laughteralgorithmhighlyforempathyandnaturalness.Theteambelievedlaughtercouldimbuerobotswithuniquecharactertraits,includingconversationalbehaviorslikelaughter,eyegaze,gestures,andspeakingstyle.However,Inoueacknowledgeditcouldtakeover20yearstohavea“casualchatwitharobotlikewewouldwithafriend.”ProfessorSandraWachter,oftheOxfordInternetInstituteattheUniversityofOxford,said,“OneofthethingsI’dkeepinmindisthatarobotoralgorithmwillneverbeabletounderstandyou.Itdoesn’tunderstandthemeaningoflaughter.Theyfailtofeel,buttheymightgetverygoodatmakingyoubelievetheyunderstandwhat’sgoingon.”8.WhydoscientistsdeveloptheAIsystemthatcancopyvariousformsoflaughter?A.Tomakerobotssoundmorehuman-like.B.Tohelprobotsunderstandhumanemotionsbetter.C.Toenablerobotstohaveasenseofhumorlikehumans.D.ToenhancetheemotionalinteractionbetweenpeopleandAIsystems.9.WhatwasthechallengeInouefacedwhileworkingonthisproject?A.Creatinganalgorithmthatcangenuinelyfeelamusement.B.Identifyingthesituationswherelaughteristrulyunderstood.C.Distinguishingbetweendifferenttypesoflaughteraccurately.D.Collectingsufficientdatafortrainingthemachinelearningsystem.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“imbue”meaninParagraph5?A.Equip. B.Inspire. C.Engage. D.Influence.11.WhatisProfessorSandraWachter’sviewonlaughingrobots?A.Theyarenotcapableofcapturinghumanlaughter.B.Theycanimitatelaughterbutlackthoroughcomprehension.C.Itispossibleforthemtoplaytricksonhumansoccasionally.D.Itwilltakelongbeforehumanshavecomfortableconversationswiththem.【答案】8.D9.B10.A11.B【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹科學(xué)家正在研究的一款可以笑的機(jī)器人。【8題詳析】推理判斷題。由文章第一段“Theteambehindthelaughingrobot,Erica,saythatthesystemcouldimprovenaturalconversationsbetweenpeopleandAIsystems.(大笑機(jī)器人背后的團(tuán)隊(duì)Erica表示，該系統(tǒng)可以改善人與人工智能系統(tǒng)之間的自然對(duì)話。)”可知，科學(xué)家開發(fā)了一種可以復(fù)制各種笑聲的人工智能系統(tǒng)，以增強(qiáng)人與人工智能系統(tǒng)之間的情感互動(dòng)。故選D項(xiàng)。【9題詳析】推理判斷題。由文章第四段“‘Ourbiggestchallengeinthisworkwasidentifyingtheactualcasesofsharedlaughter,’explainedInoue,emphasizingtheneedforcarefulcategorization.(Inoue解釋道：“我們在這項(xiàng)工作中最大的挑戰(zhàn)是識(shí)別共同大笑的實(shí)際案例。”他強(qiáng)調(diào)了仔細(xì)分類的必要性。)”以及“Erica’s‘senseofhumor’wastestedwithfourdialogues,integratingthenewshared-laughteralgorithm.ThesewerecomparedtocaseswhereEricadidn’tlaughoremittedsociallaughsupondetectinglaughter.(Erica的‘幽默感’通過四個(gè)對(duì)話進(jìn)行了測試，整合了新的共享笑聲算法。將這些與Erica在檢測到笑聲時(shí)不笑或發(fā)出社交笑聲的情況進(jìn)行了比較。)”可知，Inoue在這個(gè)項(xiàng)目中面臨的挑戰(zhàn)是確定笑聲的情況是否真正理解。故選B項(xiàng)。【10題詳析】詞句猜測題。由文章第五段“Theclipswereplayedto130volunteerswhoratedtheshared-laughteralgorithmhighlyforempathyandnaturalness.Theteambelievedlaughtercould

imbuerobotswithuniquecharactertraits,includingconversationalbehaviorslikelaughter,eyegaze,gestures,andspeakingstyle.

(這些片段被播放給了130名志愿者，他們對(duì)共享笑聲算法的同理心和自然度給予了高度評(píng)價(jià)。研究小組認(rèn)為，笑聲可以imbue機(jī)器人獨(dú)特的性格特征，包括大笑、眼神凝視、手勢和說話風(fēng)格等對(duì)話行為。)”可推測，這里表示笑聲可以賦予機(jī)器人獨(dú)特的性格特征，所以猜測imbue表“使……具備”的意思。故選A項(xiàng)。【11題詳析】推理判斷題。由文章最后一段“OneofthethingsI’dkeepinmindisthatarobotoralgorithmwillneverbeabletounderstandyou.Itdoesn’tunderstandthemeaningoflaughter.Theyfailtofeel,buttheymightgetverygoodatmakingyoubelievetheyunderstandwhat’sgoingon.(我要記住的一件事是，機(jī)器人或算法永遠(yuǎn)無法理解你。它不理解笑的含義。他們沒有感覺，但他們可能會(huì)非常善于讓你相信他們了解發(fā)生了什么。)”可知，SandraWachter認(rèn)為會(huì)笑的機(jī)器人可以模仿笑聲，但缺乏全面的理解能力。故選B項(xiàng)。DStudieshaveshownthemereexposureeffect,alsoreferredtoasthefamiliarityprinciple,inspiresourdecisions.Itisahelpfulpsychologicalmechanism(機(jī)制)thathelpsusmaintainourenergyandfocusourattentiononotherthings.Gettingusedtonewthingstakeseffortanditcanbetiring.Sounlesswehaveaterribleexperience,wearelikelytobuyfromcompanieswe’vegotusedto.Thatiswhycompaniesspendsomuchmoneyonadvertisingandmarketingandwhyinsurancecompaniesopenlychargeexistingcustomersmorethannewones.It’snotthecasethatweonlydesirethingswealreadyknow.Somestudiessuggestwheninvitedtoshareourpreferences,wesometimesseelessfamiliarchoicesasmoredesirable.Butwhenactingonthatpreference,wefallbacktowhatweknow.Thismightexplainwhysometimesthethingswewantandthethingswedodon’tquitematchup.Wemightevenreturntocompaniesthattreateduspoorlyinthepastorstayinbadrelationships.It’seasytopaintthefamiliarityprincipleasanenemyorsomethingtobattleasifitissomethingthatholdsusbackfromlivingourdreams.Butthisattitudemightbeoverwhelmingbecauseittendstoencourageustowardbig-picturethinking.Whereweimaginethatchangerequiresasubstantialdramatic(巨大而突然的)swingthatwedon’tfeelreadyfor.Somearticlessuggestthesolutiontofamiliarityfrustrationiscompleteexposuretonovelty(新奇的事物).Whilethiscanappeareffectiveintheshortrun,wemayonlyendupreplacingoneproblemwithanother.Italsorisksoverwhelmandburnout.Sowhatifwecanworkwiththefamiliarityprincipleinstead?Familiarityissomethingwecanlearntoplaywithandenjoy.Itisasettingforcreativityandapathwaytoexpansion.Wecanbroadenthezoneoffamiliaritybitbybit.Ifwethinkoffamiliarityassomethingthatcanexpand,wecanconsiderchangingtheconditionsinandaroundourliestomakemorespaceforourpreferencestotakerootandgrowgently.Fromhere,wewillstarttomakedecisions,drawingfromanever-deepeningpoolofvaluablealternatives.12.Whatallowsinsurancecompaniestochargeoldcustomersmore?A.Thefamiliarityprinciple. B.Theadvertisingcost.C.Theimprovedservice. D.Thelawofthemarket.13.Whatcanbelearnedfromparagraph2?A.Ourpreferencesaffectourdecisions.B.Therecanbeamismatchbetweendesiresandactions.C.Thefamiliarityprincipleisadouble-edgedsword.D.Familiaritytendstogeneratedisrespect.14.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthesolutioninsomearticles?A.Objective. B.Favorable. C.Disapproving. D.Tolerant.15.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.GentlyExpandYourFamiliarityZone B.StepOutOfYourFamiliarityZoneC.SpareAThoughtForYourPreference D.GivePriorityToTheMereExposureEffect【答案】12.A13.B14.C15.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要探討了熟悉性原則對(duì)我們決策的影響，并提出了一種平衡的觀點(diǎn)來看待這個(gè)原則，而不是將其視為阻礙，作者建議我們可以通過逐步擴(kuò)展熟悉區(qū)域來利用這一原則來促進(jìn)創(chuàng)造性和成長。【12題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Studieshaveshownthemereexposureeffect,alsoreferredtoasthefamiliarityprinciple,inspiresourdecisions.Itisahelpfulpsychologicalmechanism(機(jī)制)thathelpsusmaintainourenergyandfocusourattentiononotherthings.Gettingusedtonewthingstakeseffortanditcanbetiring.Sounlesswehaveaterribleexperience,wearelikelytobuyfromcompanieswe’vegotusedto.Thatiswhycompaniesspendsomuchmoneyonadvertisingandmarketingandwhyinsurancecompaniesopenlychargeexistingcustomersmorethannewones.(研究表明，單純的暴露效應(yīng)，也被稱為熟悉原則，會(huì)激發(fā)我們的決定。這是一種有益的心理機(jī)制，可以幫助我們保持精力充沛，把注意力集中在其他事情上。習(xí)慣新事物需要努力，而且可能會(huì)很累。因此，除非我們有糟糕的經(jīng)歷，否則我們很可能會(huì)從我們已經(jīng)習(xí)慣的公司購買股票。這就是為什么公司在廣告和營銷上花那么多錢，為什么保險(xiǎn)公司公開向現(xiàn)有客戶收取比新客戶更高的費(fèi)用)”可知，熟悉原則讓保險(xiǎn)公司向老客戶收取更多費(fèi)用。故選A。【13題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“It’snotthecasethatweonlydesirethingswealreadyknow.Somestudiessuggestwheninvitedtoshareourpreferences,wesometimesseelessfamiliarchoicesasmoredesirable.Butwhenactingonthatpreference,wefallbacktowhatweknow.Thismightexplainwhysometimesthethingswewantandthethingswedodon’tquitematchup.Wemightevenreturntocompaniesthattreateduspoorlyinthepastorstayinbadrelationships.(這并不是說我們只想要已知的東西。一些研究表明，當(dāng)被邀請(qǐng)分享我們的偏好時(shí)，我們有時(shí)會(huì)認(rèn)為不太熟悉的選擇更可取。但當(dāng)我們按照這種偏好行事時(shí)，我們又回到了我們所知道的。這也許可以解釋為什么有時(shí)候我們想要的和我們做的并不完全匹配。我們甚至可能回到過去對(duì)我們不好的公司，或者保持糟糕的關(guān)系)”可知，本段解釋了為什么有時(shí)候我們想要的和我們做的并不完全匹配，也就是說有時(shí)候我們的欲望和行動(dòng)可能不匹配。故選B。【14題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Whilethiscanappeareffectiveintheshortrun,wemayonlyendupreplacingoneproblemwithanother.Italsorisksoverwhelmandburnout.(雖然這在短期內(nèi)看起來是有效的，但我們最終可能只是用一個(gè)問題代替另一個(gè)問題。它也有讓人不堪重負(fù)和精疲力竭的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。)”可知，這段話表明作者對(duì)文章中提出的解決方案持反對(duì)態(tài)度，認(rèn)為這種解決方案可能只是暫時(shí)有效，而且可能帶來新的問題和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。因此，作者的態(tài)度是反對(duì)的。故選C。【15題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Studieshaveshownthemereexposureeffect,alsoreferredtoasthefamiliarityprinciple,inspiresourdecisions.Itisahelpfulpsychologicalmechanism(機(jī)制)thathelpsusmaintainourenergyandfocusourattentiononotherthings.Gettingusedtonewthingstakeseffortanditcanbetiring.(研究表明，單純的暴露效應(yīng)，也被稱為熟悉原則，會(huì)激發(fā)我們的決定。這是一種有益的心理機(jī)制，可以幫助我們保持精力充沛，把注意力集中在其他事情上。習(xí)慣新事物需要努力，而且可能會(huì)很累)”以及最后一段“Wecanbroadenthezoneoffamiliaritybitbybit.Ifwethinkoffamiliarityassomethingthatcanexpand,wecanconsiderchangingtheconditionsinandaroundourliestomakemorespaceforourpreferencestotakerootandgrowgently.Fromhere,wewillstarttomakedecisions,drawingfromanever-deepeningpoolofvaluablealternatives.(我們可以一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)地?cái)U(kuò)大熟悉的范圍。如果我們認(rèn)為熟悉是一種可以擴(kuò)展的東西，我們可以考慮改變我們謊言內(nèi)部和周圍的條件，為我們的偏好提供更多的空間，讓它生根發(fā)芽。從這里開始，我們將開始從不斷加深的有價(jià)值的選擇中做出決定)”可知，文章主要討論了熟悉性原則對(duì)我們決策的影響，以及如何利用這一原則進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新和拓展。文章強(qiáng)調(diào)了我們可以逐步擴(kuò)大熟悉的范圍，通過改變生活中的條件，為我們的偏好提供更多的空間，使其能夠生根并溫和地成長。因此，選項(xiàng)A“慢慢擴(kuò)大你的熟悉范圍”最能概括文章的主題。故選A。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Livingwithotherpeoplecanbetough,especiallywheneachpersoncomesfromadifferentbackgroundandhastheirownideasabouthowtheywanttolive.Thoughhavingaroommatecanbechallengingattimes,itcanalsobeenjoyableandfun.___16___Youcandiscussyourexpectationsaheadoftime.Gettogetherbeforeoronthefirstdayyoumoveintogetherandtalkaboutwhateachofyouneedsandwantsfromtheother.___17___Thisappliestofinances,food,clothes,possessions,useofcommonareasandsoon.Youshouldagreetorespecteachother’sprivacy.Thisisespeciallysignificant.___18___Forinstance,youmaynotmindifyourroommatecomesintoyourroomunannounced,buttheymightfindyoutobeveryrudefordoingso.Youshouldtalkaboutthesekindsofthingssothatyouknowwhattoexpectfromeachother.___19___Sayhelloandgoodbye,askthemhowtheirdaywas,andshowinterestintheirlife.Gettingtoknowthepersonyoulivewithhelpsyouunderstandtheirperspective,andallowsthemtounderstandyours.Italsomakesiteasiertodealwithproblemsthatyouhavewiththatpersonifyou’vealreadydevelopedaharmoniousrelationshipwiththem.Youcanalsobeconsiderateofyourroommateinyourlife.Understandwhat’sgoingoninyourroommate’slife.Youshouldaimtobeflexibleandaccommodating.Yourroommatemayhaveabigtestcomingup.___20___Ifyourroommateisbusyandstressedwiththeirjob,givethemsometimeandspacetorelaxandunwind.A.Youcanspendtimewithyourroommate.B.Youcandiscusseachofyourpreferencesforprivacy.C.Thisisyourbestchancetosetboundarieswithyourroommate.D.Makesurethateveryoneisclearontherulesandresponsibilities.E.Thisiswhatyoushouldknowtorespectyourroommate’sprivacy.F.Theninthiscaseyoushouldprobablybequietandletthemstudy.G.Thefollowingstepswillhelpyouliveinharmonywithyourroommate.【答案】16.G17.D18.B19.A20.F【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了如何與室友和諧相處。【16題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Thoughhavingaroommatecanbechallengingattimes,itcanalsobeenjoyableandfun.(雖然有室友有時(shí)會(huì)很有挑戰(zhàn)性，但它也可以是愉快和有趣的)”提出與室友同住會(huì)帶來挑戰(zhàn)，但也可以愉快和有趣，下文四個(gè)段落分別給出與室友愉快相處的方法：“Youcandiscussyourexpectationsaheadoftime.(你可以提前討論你的期望)”、“Youshouldagreetorespecteachother’sprivacy.(你們應(yīng)該同意尊重彼此的隱私)”和“Youcanalsobeconsiderateofyourroommateinyourlife.(你也可以在生活中體諒你的室友)”，所以G項(xiàng)“Thefollowingstepswillhelpyouliveinharmonywithyourroommate.(以下步驟將幫助你與室友和諧相處)”承上啟下，是最佳過渡句。故選G項(xiàng)。【17題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Youcandiscussyourexpectationsaheadoftime.Gettogetherbeforeoronthefirstdayyoumoveintogetherandtalkaboutwhateachofyouneedsandwantsfromtheother.(你可以提前討論你的期望。在你們搬到一起之前或第一天就聚在一起，談?wù)勀銈儽舜诵枰裁矗霃膶?duì)方那里得到什么)”和下文“Thisappliestofinances,food,clothes,possessions,useofcommonareasandsoon.(這適用于財(cái)務(wù)、食物、衣服、財(cái)產(chǎn)、公共區(qū)域的使用等等)”可知，本段建議要弄清楚彼此的需求和期望，要在財(cái)務(wù)、食物、衣服、財(cái)產(chǎn)、公共區(qū)域的使用等方面達(dá)成一致，即要先明確規(guī)則和各自的職責(zé)，D項(xiàng)“Makesurethateveryoneisclearontherulesandresponsibilities.(確保每個(gè)人都清楚規(guī)則和責(zé)任)”與本段主題一致，銜接自然。故選D項(xiàng)。【18題詳析】根據(jù)下文“Forinstance,youmaynotmindifyourroommatecomesintoyourroomunannounced,buttheymightfindyoutobeveryrudefordoingso.Youshouldtalkaboutthesekindsofthingssothatyouknowwhattoexpectfromeachother.(例如，你可能不介意你的室友不請(qǐng)自來，但他們可能會(huì)覺得你這樣做很粗魯。你們應(yīng)該談?wù)勥@些事情，這樣你們就知道對(duì)彼此有什么期待)”中“Forinstance”可知，下文是對(duì)上文的舉例說明，是對(duì)B項(xiàng)“Youcandiscusseachofyourpreferencesforprivacy.(你們可以討論你們的隱私偏好)”中“discusseachofyourpreferencesforprivacy”的舉例說明，上下文語意連貫。故選B項(xiàng)。【19題詳析】根據(jù)下文“Sayhelloandgoodbye,askthemhowtheirdaywas,andshowinterestintheirlife.Gettingtoknowthepersonyoulivewithhelpsyouunderstandtheirperspective,andallowsthemtounderstandyours.Italsomakesiteasiertodealwithproblemsthatyouhavewiththatpersonifyou’vealreadydevelopedaharmoniousrelationshipwiththem.(跟他們打招呼道別，問問他們今天過得怎么樣，對(duì)他們的生活表現(xiàn)出興趣。了解和你住在一起的人可以幫助你理解他們的觀點(diǎn)，也可以讓他們理解你的觀點(diǎn)。如果你和那個(gè)人已經(jīng)建立了和諧的關(guān)系，這也會(huì)讓你更容易處理你和他之間的問題)”可知，本段建議要關(guān)心室友，要與室友建立和諧的關(guān)系，所以要花時(shí)間和室友在一起。A項(xiàng)“Youcanspendtimewithyourroommate(你可以和室友呆在一起)”是本段的建議，上下文語意連貫。故選A項(xiàng)。【20題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Yourroommatemayhaveabigtestcomingup.(你的室友可能馬上就要考試了)”設(shè)定了室友要考試的情景，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“Theninthiscaseyoushouldprobablybequietandletthemstudy.(在這種情況下，你應(yīng)該保持安靜，讓他們學(xué)習(xí))”是作為室友的你應(yīng)該做的事情：保持安靜，讓他們學(xué)習(xí)。同時(shí)照應(yīng)主題“beconsiderateofyourroommateinyourlife”。故選F項(xiàng)。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。MycatBoomwasgettingmorefleas(跳蚤).Oncloser___21___,hisskinwasredandswollen(腫脹的).So,Icalledthevet’sofficeandmadea(n)___22___togetBoomsomehelp.Thatmorning,Istartedtogethimintohiscarriertotakehimtothevet.Aswithmostcats,thistaskusuallytookalotoftimeandeffortto___23___.Tomysurprise,Boomdidn’t___24___muchresistance(抵抗).Initially,Ilinkedthis___25___directlytotheseverityoftheflea-causedsuffering.Lookingback,I’dliketobelieveitallpartofabigger___26___.Uponarrivalatthevet,thevetimmediatelyexaminedhimand___27___thathewasallergic(過敏的)tothesaliva(唾液)offleabites.Iwasgivensomemedicineandallseemedright.Suddenly,myphone___28___urgently(急切地)withanincomingcall,andtomyshock,itwasthepoliceontheline,___29___meofafireatmyhouse.Ihurriedhomeonlytoseesomefurniture___30___acrosstheroombytheforceofanexplosion(爆炸).Afirefighterexplainedwhathebelievedhadhappened,includingthe___31___oftheevent.Itturnedoutthefirestartedinoldwires.HewasconvincedthatifIhadbeenathome,I’dhavehadlittlechanceof___32___.Hiswords___33___asurgeoffeelingswithinme.Accordingtothetimelinethefirefightertoldme,thefirestarted___34___afterBoomandIwenttothevettogether.Haditnotbeenforhisrarecooperation,I’dhavebeentrapped.Andifhehadn’thadanallergytofleabites,wewouldn’thavegonetothevet.So,I___35___mylifetothosetiny,unwantedfleas.21.A.attention B.observation C.appreciation D.consideration22.A.appointment B.schedule C.decision D.difference23.A.evaluate B.design C.accompany D.achieve24.A.takeup B.putup C.takeon D.puton25.A.cooperation B.fight C.struggle D.harmony26.A.victory B.ambition C.plan D.trap27.A.included B.accepted C.complained D.concluded28.A.vibrated B.burst C.reported D.unlocked29.A.accusing B.reminding C.informing D.warning30.A.knocked B.lifted C.accelerated D.blown31.A.intensity B.timeline C.consequence D.impact32.A.promotion B.success C.survival D.death33.A.sparked B.reduced C.contained D.weakened34.A.constantly B.accordingly C.long D.shortly35.A.devoted B.sacrificed C.owed D.enhanced【答案】21.B22.A23.D24.B25.A26.C27.D28.A29.C30.D31.B32.C33.A34.D35.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者在的貓因?yàn)樘槠つw紅腫，于是作者帶貓去看獸醫(yī)，結(jié)果貓很配合。正當(dāng)獸醫(yī)做完檢查后，作者接到電話說家里發(fā)生了火災(zāi)，消防員告訴作者如果當(dāng)時(shí)在家，肯定無法生還。【21題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：仔細(xì)觀察，他的皮膚紅腫。A.attention注意力；B.observation觀察；C.appreciation感激；D.consideration考慮。根據(jù)后文“hisskinwasredandswollen.”可知，作者經(jīng)過仔細(xì)觀察，發(fā)現(xiàn)貓皮膚紅腫。故選B。【22題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：所以，我打電話給獸醫(yī)辦公室，并做了一個(gè)預(yù)約，讓Boom得到一些幫助。A.appointment約會(huì)，預(yù)約；B.schedule安排；C.decision決定；D.difference差異。根據(jù)上文“Icalledthevet’soffice”指預(yù)約獸醫(yī)給貓看病。故選A。【23題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：和大多數(shù)貓一樣，這項(xiàng)任務(wù)通常需要花費(fèi)大量的時(shí)間和精力來完成。A.evaluate評(píng)估；B.design設(shè)計(jì)；C.accompany陪伴；D.achieve實(shí)現(xiàn)，完成。根據(jù)上文“Thatmorning,Istartedtogethimintohiscarriertotakehimtothevet.(那天早上，我開始把他放進(jìn)他的籠子里，帶他去看獸醫(yī))”指把貓放進(jìn)籠子里的任務(wù)通常需要花費(fèi)大量的時(shí)間和精力來完成。故選D。【24題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：令我驚訝的是，Boom并沒有太大的反抗。A.takeup從事；B.putup提供，展現(xiàn)；C.takeon承擔(dān)；D.puton穿上。根據(jù)后文“muchresistance”指貓沒有展現(xiàn)出太大的反抗，用putup。故選B。【25題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：最初，我將這種合作直接與跳蚤造成的痛苦的嚴(yán)重程度聯(lián)系起來。A.cooperation合作；B.fight戰(zhàn)斗；C.struggle努力；D.harmony和諧。根據(jù)下文“Haditnotbeenforhisrarecooperation”可知，貓很配合作者就進(jìn)了籠子，體現(xiàn)了一種合作。故選A。【26題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：回想起來，我愿意相信這一切都是一個(gè)更大計(jì)劃的一部分。A.victory勝利；B.ambition抱負(fù)；C.plan計(jì)劃；D.trap陷阱。根據(jù)上文“Lookingback,I’dliketobelieveitallpartofabigger”，后文“Haditnotbeenforhisrarecooperation,I’dhavebeentrapped.Andifhehadn’thadanallergytofleabites,wewouldn’thavegonetothevet.(要不是他難得的合作，我早就被困住了。如果他沒有對(duì)跳蚤過敏，我們就不會(huì)去看獸醫(yī)了)”可知，作者回想起來感到這一切都是一個(gè)更大計(jì)劃的一部分。故選C。【27題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：一到獸醫(yī)那里，獸醫(yī)馬上給它做了檢查，結(jié)論是它對(duì)跳蚤咬過的唾液過敏。A.included包含；B.accepted接受；C.complained抱怨；D.concluded下結(jié)論。根據(jù)后文“thathewasallergictothesalivaoffleabites.”可知，經(jīng)過檢查，獸醫(yī)給出結(jié)論貓對(duì)跳蚤咬過的唾液過敏。故選D。【28題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：突然，我的手機(jī)因一個(gè)來電而緊急震動(dòng)，令我震驚的是，是警察打來的電話，告訴我我家著火了。A.vibrated震動(dòng)；B.burst爆發(fā)；C.reported報(bào)告；D.unlocked解鎖。根據(jù)上文“myphone”以及后文“urgentlywithanincomingcall”指因?yàn)閬黼娫挾娫捳饎?dòng)，應(yīng)用vibrate。故選A。【29題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：突然，我的手機(jī)因一個(gè)來電而緊急震動(dòng)，令我震驚的是，是警察打來的電話，告訴我我家著火了。