高級中學名校試卷PAGEPAGE1江蘇省揚州市2022-2023學年高二下學期開學考試英語試題第一部分：聽力(略)第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節，滿分50分)第一節(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。AHighSchoolStudioWorkshopsSinglemuseumvisit,2.5hoursGrades9–12Thesehalf-dayartworkshopsincludeanin-depthexaminationanddiscussionofworksofartinthegalleries,followedbybehind-the-scenesaccesstotheEducationStudio,wherestudentscreatearelatedartproject.Duringtheworkshop,NationalGalleryofArteducatorswillencouragestudentstolookcarefullyatworksofartandthensharetheirresponsesanddeveloptheoriesbasedontheirobservations.Studentswillhavetheopportunitytocreateaworkofartinthestudioinspiredbywhattheyhaveseeninthegalleries.MuseumMakers:ExploringArtandMuseumsGrades11–12TheMuseumMakersprogramexplainshowmuseumsoperateandwhattheyhavetooffer.Itgivesupper-levelhighschoolstudentsthetoolstoexperience,understandandinterpretart.Participantswillgainaninsider’sviewofhowanartmuseumworks.StudentsmeetforsevenSaturdaysessionsfrom10:00amto3:00pm.Completionoftheprogramrequiresattendanceofallsevensessions.CreativeWritingintheGalleriesGrades7–12,90minutesStudentswillprovideavoicefortheirpersonalresponsestoartthroughcreativewritingwhilelookingataselectionofartworksinthegalleries.Usingcloseobservation,groupdiscussion,andpersonalreflection,theywillbeguidedthroughexercisesthatusedifferentwritingforms,includingfree-formpoetry.Amaximumof30students(minimumof15)willbeaccommodated(容納)ateachsession.21.WhatcanstudentsdoduringHighSchoolStudioWorkshops?A.TheycanexperiencethescenicaccessintheEducationStudio.B.Theycanbeofferedtheopportunitytoanartentranceexamination.C.Theycanexpresstheiropinionsanddeveloptheirobservationabilities.D.Theycancreateanartworkrelatedtowhathasbeenseeninthegalleries.22.Whatdothethreeactivitieshaveincommon?A.Theylimitthenumberofvisitors. B.Theyaresuitablefora12thgrader.C.Theyletvisitorsmakehandicrafts. D.Theylastamorningoranafternoon.23.Wheremightthisarticlebechosen?A.Atraveljournal. B.Aresearchreport.C.Anartmagazine. D.Ateachingdesign.【答案】21.D22.B23.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了幾個國家藝術館的課程情況。【21題詳析】細節理解題。根據HighSchoolStudioWorkshops部分“Studentswillhavetheopportunitytocreateaworkofartinthestudioinspiredbywhattheyhaveseeninthegalleries.(學生們將有機會在工作室里創作一件藝術作品，靈感來自他們在畫廊里看到的東西。)”可知學生們可以創作與在畫廊里看到的東西相關的藝術品。故選D項。【22題詳析】細節理解題。細節理解題。根據HighSchoolStudioWorkshopsSinglemuseumvisit部分“Singlemuseumvisit,2.5hoursGrades9–12(單次參觀博物館，9-12年級2.5小時)”；MuseumMakers:ExploringArtandMuseums部分“Grades11–12(11-12年級)”以及CreativeWritingintheGalleries部分“Grades7–12,90minutes(7-12年級，90分鐘)”可知，這三種活動的共同之處是都適合12年級學生。故選B項。【23題詳析】推理判斷題。根據HighSchoolStudioWorkshops部分“Thesehalf-dayartworkshopsincludeanin-depthexaminationanddiscussionofworksofartinthegalleries,followedbyabehind-the-scenesvisittotheEducationStudio,wherestudentscreatearelatedartproject.(這些半天的藝術工作坊包括對畫廊中的藝術作品的深入研究和討論，然后是對教育工作室的幕后訪問，在那里學生們創建一個相關的藝術項目)”；MuseumMakers:ExploringArtandMuseums部分“Itgivesupper-levelhighschoolstudentsthetoolstoexperience,understandandexplainart.(它為高中高年級學生提供了體驗、理解和解釋藝術的工具)”以及CreativeWritingintheGalleries部分“Studentswillprovideavoicefortheirpersonalresponsestoartthroughcreativewritingwhilelookingataselectionofartworksinthegalleries.(學生們將通過創意寫作來表達他們對藝術的個人反應，同時在畫廊里觀看精選的藝術品)”可知文章主要介紹了與藝術相關的項目情況，所以文章選自藝術雜志。故選C項。BFromcheckingsocialmediaeveryminutetobeinglostincomputergames,wetendtooverusetechnology.“Formanypeople,amomentwithoutyourphoneorlaptopinsightcanfeellikealifetime,”theDailyMailcommented.AteamfromtheUS-basedcompanyTollFreeForwardingbuiltathree-dimensionalmodeltosniffoutthenegativeeffectstechnologycanhaveonhumanbodiesinlessthan800years.ThecomputermodelcalledMindymaypersuademanypeopletothinktwice.“Spendinghourslookingdownatyourphonestrainsyourneckandthrowsyourspine(脊柱)offbalance,”explainedCalebBacke,ahealthandwellnessexpertintheUS.Then,themusclesinourneckneedtospendextraefforttosupportthehead,makingourbackhunched(駝背的)andneckwide.“Thewayweholdourphonescancausestrainincertainpointsofcontact–causingtextclaw(手機手),”NikolaDjordjevic,aphysicianinSerbia,toldtheteam.Itaffectstheelbowstoo,causingpaininthearm.Scientifically,itiscalledcubitaltunnelsyndrome(肘管綜合征).That’swhyMindyhasa90-degreeelbow,andherhandslooklikeshe’salwaysholdingamobilephone.Somepeoplealsocommentedthathumanevolutionmaynotworkthisway.Theybelievethatonlyfeatureswithactualbenefitswouldbekeptthroughouttheyears.Forexample,featuresthatcanincreasetherateofsurvival,insteadofthenegativeimpactoftechnology.However,currenthumanlifestylesstillraiseconcerns.AmodelcalledEmmawasbuiltbyresearchersintheUKin2019toshowhowthewaypeopleworkattheirdeskscouldchangethemin20years.TheresearchteambuiltEmmabasedonthehealthissuesmentionedbyover3,000workersinFrance,GermanyandtheUK.Emma’sbackstaysbent,andherlegsareswollen(腫脹的)duetothetimepeoplespendinfrontofcomputers.Withlittletimespentoutdoorsandinthesun,herskinispale,too.24.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“sniffout”meaninparagraph2?A.Detect. B.Approach. C.Polish. D.Contradict.25.WhatcanwelearnfromthetwomodelsofMindyandEmma?A.TheyarebuiltbythesameUS-basedcompany.B.Theybothhavebentbacksandpaleskinsimilarly.C.Everyonedoesn’tapprovehumanwillevolvethewaylikeMindy.D.Emma’sstrangeelbowisduetoholdingupaphoneforalongtime.26.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthisresearch?A.Negative. B.Indifferent.C.Objective. D.Favorable.27.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.TocomparetwocomputermodelsMindyandEmma.B.Toillustratethereasonsforoverusingphonetechnology.C.Toaddresstheeffectscaused

by

too

much

mobilephone

use.D.Toremindtechnologicaldependencemaychangeourappearance.【答案】24.A25.C26.C27.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。主要講述了未來人類進化或受電子設備的影響。【24題詳析】詞義猜測題。根據第一段的最后一句“ThecomputermodelcalledMindymaypersuademanypeopletothinktwice.(名為Mindy的計算機模型可能會說服許多人三思而后行。)”可以推知，Mindy這一模型發現了技術對人體的負面影響。A.Detect.發現；B.Approach.接近；C.Polish.擦亮、提升；D.Contradict.反駁。故sniffout詞義與detect接近。故選A項。【25題詳析】細節理解題。根據第四段“Somepeoplealsocommentedthathumanevolutionmaynotworkthisway.Theybelievethatonlyfeatureswithactualbenefitswouldbekeptthroughouttheyears.Forexample,featuresthatcanincreasetherateofsurvival,insteadofthenegativeimpactoftechnology.(一些人還評論說，人類進化可能不會以這種方式進行。他們認為，只有具有實際效益的功能才會保留多年。例如，可以提高生存率的功能，而不是技術的負面影響。)”可知，一些人認為人類的進化不會像模型Mindy提到的那樣，他們認為人類會將有益的特征保留，而不是保留技術的負面影響，即并不是所有的人都認為技術會影響人類進化，故C項正確。根據第五段的“AmodelcalledEmmawasbuiltbyresearchersintheUKin2019toshowhowthewaypeopleworkattheirdeskscouldchangethemin20years.(英國研究人員于2019年建立了一個名為Emma的模型，以展示人們在辦公桌上的工作方式如何在20年內改變他們。)”可知，Emma不是在美國建立的，所以A項錯誤；第二段對Mindy的描述沒有涉及模型Mindy的膚色，所以B項錯誤；根據第三段的“That’swhyMindyhasa90-degreeelbow,andherhandslooklikeshe’salwaysholdingamobilephone.(這就是為什么Mindy有一個90度的肘部，她的手看起來總是拿著手機。)”可知，有strangeelbow的是Mindy，而不是Emma，D項偷換主語概念。故選C項。【26題詳析】推理判斷題。本文作者主要是客觀地闡述了一些研究者、媒體和大眾的觀點和評論。“theDailyMailcommented.”、“...explainedCalebBacke”、“NikolaDjordjevic,...toldtheteam”以及“Somepeoplealsocommentedthat...”等表達方式充分證明了作者對此事的客觀態度。故選C項。【27題詳析】推理判斷題。文章通過介紹兩個模型揭示了過度使用先進技術會影響人類的外貌和體型這一現象，闡述了未來人類進化或受電子設備的影響，其目的是提醒我們技術依賴可能會改變我們的外表。故選D項。文章并沒有比較Mindy和Emma這兩個模型，所以A項錯誤；文章并沒有重點闡述過度使用手機的原因，所以B項錯誤；文章沒有提出消除影響的方法，addresstheeffects表述有誤，所以C項錯誤。故選D項。CPlentyofdays,temperaturesinCalifornia’sMojaveDesertclimbabove120degreesFahrenheit.400silveredglasspanels,fixedintothewesternedgeofthathotdesert,aretheretogenerateheat15timesthatamount.And,ideally,tohelpcooltheplanettoo.MadebythePasadena-basedcompanyHeliogen,each16-square-footheliostat(定日鏡)reflectsakilowattofsunlighttothetopofafive-storytower,whereit’sabsorbedbyareceiver.Asthelittleblackheliostatburnswhite,itisover1,800degrees.That’shotenoughtobeginmanufacturingcement(水泥)andotherindustrialproducts—processesthattypicallyrelyonburningfossilfuels—andtopotentiallycutupto10percentofglobalgreenhousegasemissions.HeliogenCEOBillGrosshasdreamedoftakingadvantageofthesunsincethe1973energycrisis,whenhesoldDIYsolarpanels.Thosesaleshelpedputhimthroughcollege.Lastfall,thecompanyfiredupthisfirstarray(陣列).“Itwasabitlikewatchingamoonlanding,”Grosssays.SimilararrayshavebeenusedtomakeelectricityandtastySunChips,andevendrillforoil.Butthosepeakaround1,000degrees,becauseeachheliostathastobeindividuallyadjustedandcanfalloutofrankovertime.WithHeliogen,camerasatthetopofthetowerscanthesky,andimageanalysissoftwarefiguresoutthebestpositionforeachmirror,whichcancircleinlessthan1/160ofadegree.Grosssayssuchefficiencycandeliverheat20percentmorecheaplythanfossilfuelscan.Asproofofconcept,Heliogenhassetupakiln(爐)atthetopofthetowertodirectlyheatlimestone,akeystepinmakingcement.Thisyearthecompanyplanstolinkwithcommercialpartnersthathavethelargeshadowlesslandrequired.Grossisalsobuildingareceiverthatcanhandletemperaturesabove2,700degrees.Thatkindofstrongfirecancreatesynthetichydrogen(合成氫),whichcouldreplaceoil-basedfuels.“Civilizationdependsoncementandsteel—ourroads,travel,everything,”Grosssays.“We’vefoundawaytocleanitup.”28.WhatisthecharacteristicofHeliogen’sheliostat?A.Itcanworkaroundtheclockinhotdesert.B.Itconsistsofover400silveredglasspanels.C.Itstemperaturecanreachover2,700degrees.D.Itreliesonareceivertomakeindustrialproducts.29.HowdoesHeliogen’sheliostattakeeffect?A.Italwayscirclesaroundthesunprecisely.B.Itreducesmuchgreenhousegasemissions.C.Itreplacesnuclearfuelintheindustrialfield.D.Itburnsitselftogeneratesynthetichydrogen.30.WhatcanwelearnfromHeliogenCEOBillGross?A.Hewasexcitedaboutwhathiscompanyhasachieved.B.Hemadeabreakthroughinmanufacturingcementlastfall.C.Hehadnorelatedknowledgebeforethecompanyestablishment.D.Hepromotedthecooperationwithotherpartnersinsolarenergy.31.Whatdoesthelastsentence“We’vefoundawaytocleanitup.”mean?A.Thesolarenergyapplicationtoproducingproductsisapromisingreform.B.Weshouldremovethetraditionalwaysofmanufacturingcementandsteel.C.Morecementandsteelshouldbeproducedtocreateadvancedcivilization.D.Peopleneedtouseoil-basedfuelstomakemorecivilization-relatedproducts.【答案】28.D29.B30.A31.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了Heliogen公司在加利福尼亞的莫哈韋沙漠建立的太陽能列陣以及利用其產生的能源制造產品的生產方式。【28題詳析】細節理解題。根據第二自然段“MadebythePasadena-basedcompanyHeliogen,each16-square-footheliostat(定日鏡)reflectsakilowattofsunlighttothetopofafive-storytower,whereit’sabsorbedbyareceiver.Asthelittleblackheliostatburnswhite,itisover1,800degrees.(由總部位于帕薩迪納的Heliogen公司制造，每個16平方英尺的定日鏡將一千瓦的陽光反射到一座五層樓的塔頂，在那里被接收器吸收。當黑色的小定日鏡燃燒成白色時，溫度超過了1800度。)”可知，定日鏡需要借助于一個接收器來收集能量，從而制造產品。故選D項。【29題詳析】細節理解題。根據第二自然段最后一句話“That’shotenoughtobeginmanufacturingcement(水泥)andotherindustrialproducts—processesthattypicallyrelyonburningfossilfuels—andtopotentiallycutupto10percentofglobalgreenhousegasemissions.(這已經足夠熱了，可以開始制造水泥和其他通常依賴燃燒化石燃料的工業產品，并有可能減少高達10%的全球溫室氣體排放。)”可知，Heliogen的定日鏡有可能減少高達10%的全球溫室氣體排放。故選B項。【30題詳析】推理判斷題。根據第三自然段的最后一句話““Itwasabitlikewatchingamoonlanding,”Grosssays.(Gross說：“這有點像觀看登月。”)”可知，Gross對公司取得的成績感到興奮。故選A項。【31題詳析】推理判斷題。根據最后一段““Civilizationdependsoncementandsteel—ourroads,travel,everything,”Grosssays.“We’vefoundawaytocleanitup.”(Gross說：“文明取決于水泥和鋼鐵——我們的道路、旅行和一切。”“我們已經找到了清理的方法。”)”可知，“We’vefoundawaytocleanitup.”意味著將太陽能應用于生產產品是一項很有前途的改革。故選A項。DAdamRyan,31,hasworkedatTargetinChristiansburg,Virginia,forthreeyears.“IhavetolivewithmyfamilybecauseIcan’taffordrentonmyown.Idon’thavehealthinsurance.TargethastoldmeIdon’tqualifyfortheirbenefitsbecauseIdon’tgetenoughhours,”saidRyan,whoisalsoanorganizerwithTargetWorkersUnite,anindependentinitiativeofTargetworkers.Hemakes$13anhour,thehourlyminimumwageatTargetsinceJune2022,whichisscheduledtoincreaseto$15anhourbytheendof2023.ButRyanandseveralotherTargetworkerssayTargetiscuttingtheirschedulesanddoublingtheirworkloadasitincreasesminimumwageunderits‘modernizationplan’toincreaseefficiency.Theythinkthatbroaderinfluencesintheretailsector(零售業)areresponsiblefortheirdifficulty–especially,theactionsoftheirhard-chargingrivalAmazon.“They’rerespondingtowhatAmazonisdoing,”Ryanadded.“Theyaretryingtoturnthesestoresintotheirowndistributioncenters,usingbrick-and-mortarstores(實體店).Wehavetobewarehouseworkersandcustomerserviceworkers.”TargetWorkersUniterecentlyreleasedasurveyofmorethan500TargetworkersaroundtheUS,representing382differentstoresin44states.Only12.7%oftheworkerswhorespondedsaidtheycouldsurviveonthewagesfromTargetalone,with56%ofworkerscitingtheyhaveranoutoffoodwhileemployedatTarget,and12.8%ofworkersreportedexperiencinghomelessness.ThesurveyalsoprovidessomeinsightintoTarget’soppositiontoworkersorganizing.Manyworkerssurveyedreporttheyhavebeenscoldedbymanagementfordiscussingworkplaceissuesinthestoreoronsocialmedia.AsTargetworkersreportstrugglingtomakeendsmeetwhileexperiencingcutstotheirschedules,lossofbenefits,andincreasedworkloads,Targetreportedrecordshareprices(股價)attheendof2022,consistentlybeatingpredictionsofsalesandprofitsin2022andfindingabalancebetweenphysicalstoresanddigitalcommerce.Theretailchainisrankedtheeighth-largestretailcorporationintheUSbasedonsales.Targetispreparingfortheargumentsagainsttheworkers’survey’sfindingandclaimsfromworkersoverworkingconditionsandschedulecuts.32.WhatcanweknowfromthemodernizationplanofTarget?A.Ithasnotreceivedwidespreadsupportfromemployees.B.Itmeanslessworkhourswhichcanbenefitbothparties.C.Onlyafewemployeescanbelaidoffwhenitisineffect.D.Newemployeessuffermoreforlackofmuchexperience.33.WhatdoesthesurveybyTargetWorkersUniteindicate?A.Halfworkerscouldnotfindenoughfoodtoliveon.B.Workers’livingconditionswereactuallynotoptimistic.C.Targetworkersbegantorealizethattheyhadbeencheated.D.Itwasinhumantomakesomeemployeestransfertheirpositions.34.Whatmessagedoesthispassageconveytoreaders?A.Targettriedtostrugglefortheirworkers’benefitsandwelfare.B.Targetconductedthemodernizationplan,butfailedintheend.C.Targetraisedmuchmoneytocopewithworkers’financialproblems.D.Targetraisedwages,butwithlessworkinghoursandmoreworkload.35.Whatmightthefollowingparagraphtalkabout?A.Targetdropstheplanbecauseofworkers’claims.B.DetailsofhowTargetdefendsitselfarepresented.C.ThewriterexplainswhyTargetachievedasuccess.D.Amazonencounterssimilarproblemsfromworkers.【答案】32.A33.B34.D35.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要描述了美國八大零售商之一的Target公司推行的modernizationplan以及員工相對應的反應，揭露了Target勞資矛盾的問題。【32題詳析】推理判斷題。根據第二段中“ButRyanandseveralotherTargetworkerssayTargetiscuttingtheirschedulesanddoublingtheirworkloadasitincreasesminimumwageunderits‘modernizationplan’toincreaseefficiency.(但瑞安和塔吉特其他幾名員工表示，塔吉特正在縮短工作時間，并將工作量增加一倍，因為該公司根據提高效率的“現代化計劃”提高了最低工資標準。)”和下文的調查結論“TargetWorkersUniterecentlyreleasedasurveyofmorethan500TargetworkersaroundtheUS,representing382differentstoresin44states.Only12.7%oftheworkerswhorespondedsaidtheycouldsurviveonthewagesfromTargetalone,with56%ofworkerscitingtheyhaveranoutoffoodwhileemployedatTarget,and12.8%ofworkersreportedexperiencinghomelessness.(TargetWorkersUnite最近發布了一項針對Target全美500多名員工的調查，調查對象包括44個州的382家不同商店。僅有12.7%的受訪工人表示，僅靠塔吉特的工資就能生存，56%的受訪工人表示，他們在塔吉特工作期間食物短缺，12.8%的受訪工人表示無家可歸。)”以及第一段提到的“IhavetolivewithmyfamilybecauseIcan’taffordrentonmyown.Idon’thavehealthinsurance(我必須和家人住在一起，因為我自己付不起房租。我沒有醫療保險)”Ryan對自己當前工資狀況不滿可知，Target公司正在削減員工的工作，并將工作量增加一倍的themodernizationplan并不深得人心，故選A項。【33題詳析】推理判斷題。根據第四段中“Only12.7%oftheworkerswhorespondedsaidtheycouldsurviveonthewagesfromTargetalone,with56%ofworkerscitingtheyhaveranoutoffoodwhileemployedatTarget,and12.8%ofworkersreportedexperiencinghomelessness.(僅有12.7%的受訪工人表示，僅靠塔吉特的工資就能生存，56%的受訪工人表示，他們在塔吉特工作期間食物短缺，12.8%的受訪工人表示無家可歸。)”提及的數據顯示，只有12.7%的工人表示他們可以靠Target公司的工資生存，56%的工人稱他們在Target公司工作期間沒有食物，12.8%的工人報告無家可歸。由此可知，被調查者的生存狀況不容樂觀，故選B項。【34題詳析】主旨大意題。本文主要講述了Target公司推行的modernizationplan以及員工相對應的反應。在這個計劃的執行過程中，勞資雙方的矛盾在于工資、勞動時間和工作量三個方面，故選D項。【35題詳析】推理判斷題。根據文章的最后一句話“Targetispreparingfortheargumentsagainsttheworkers’survey’sfindingandclaimsfromworkersoverworkingconditionsandschedulecuts.(Target公司反對員工組織的調查結果和工人對工作條件和時間表削減的訴求）”，再結合最后一段提及的Target公司現在的股價和在美國的市場地位可以推論，Target公司會提出更多反駁的理由，故選B項。第二節(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。HowtoMakeYourHolidayWonderfulDon’twanttospendaholidayalonefeelingblue?___36___1.Don’tForceCheerAtfamilygatherings,whenyourrelativesmakesomeuntruthfulcompliments(贊美),youwillprobablytrytoforceasmile.___37___Buta2011studybyresearchersatMichiganStateUniversitymightmakeyouthinktwice.Theyfolloweddozensofbusdriversfortwoweeks,lookingtoseewhentheyforceahappyfaceattheirpassengers.Theresultsshowedthatondayswhenthedriverstriedtopretendtohaveagoodmood,theiractualmoodsgotworse.2.Don’tSuppress(壓制)SadnessTheresultsofthebus-driverstudycanbeexplainedbyresearchersfromStanfordUniversity,whofoundthatnegativefeelingslikesadnessorangeronlyworsenwhenwetrytosuppressthem.___38___Expressingoursadnesscanhelpusgetcomfortandcompassionfromthosewhocareaboutus.Bycontrast,suppressingouremotionscanactuallyharmourrelationships.3.RespondMindfully___39___Whenyourespondmindfullytoanemotionaltrigger(誘因),youpauseratherthanreacting.Insteadofblamingyourself,yousimplynoticewhatyou’refeelingwithoutjudgingthatresponseasrightorwrong.Studiessuggestthatamindfulresponsetoanegativeeventreducestheamountofnegativeemotionsweexperience.___40___Inevitably,theholidayswillbringamixofhighsandlows.Perhapsthemostimportantlessontokeepinmindisthatthisvarietyofemotionsmightbethebestthingpossibleforyouroverallwell-being.A.Asmilemightseemlikethemostmatureresponse.B.Andmindfulnessisaskillyoucandevelopovertime.C.Sotryingtohidetheirfeelingsseemstoleadtoanoppositeresult.D.Psychologicalresearchsuggestssomeeffectivewaystohelpbeattheholidayblues.E.Instead,ifproperlyunderstood,theycanhelpcontributetoahealthyandhappylife.F.Recently,scientistshavebeenpayingspecialattentiontothebenefitsofmindfulness.G.That’sbecausewefeelworsewhenwetrytocontrolandhideournegativeinnerfeelings.【答案】36.D37.A38.G39.F40.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了如何讓假期過得更美好的一些建議。【36題詳析】分析文章結構可知，本文是總分總結構。根據上文“Don’twanttospendaholidayalonefeelingblue?(不想獨自度過一個心情憂郁的假期嗎？)”可知，上文向讀者發問。結合下文的小標題可知，空出承上啟下。所以心理學研究提供了一些有效的方法來戰勝假日憂郁。D項“Psychologicalresearchsuggestssomeeffectivewaystohelpbeattheholidayblues.(心理學研究提出了一些有效的方法來幫助克服節日的憂郁情緒。)”符合文意，故選D項。【37題詳析】根據本段小標題“Don’tForceCheer(不要強求喝彩)”可知，本段主要講述不要強求喝彩。根據上文“Atfamilygatherings,whenyourrelativesmakesomeuntruthfulcompliments(贊美),youwillprobablytrytoforceasmile.(在家庭聚會上，當你的親戚做出一些不真實的贊美時，你可能會試圖強迫自己微笑。)”可知，本句引出“微笑”。A項“Asmilemightseemlikethemostmatureresponse.(微笑似乎是最成熟的回應。)”跟前句之間是順承關系。故選A項。【38題詳析】根據本段小標題“Don’tSuppress(壓制)Sadness(不要壓抑悲傷)”可知，本段主要講述不要壓抑悲傷。根據上文“Theresultsofthebus-driverstudycanbeexplainedbyresearchersfromStanfordUniversity,whofoundthatnegativefeelingslikesadnessorangeronlyworsenwhenwetrytosuppressthem.(斯坦福大學的研究人員可以解釋公交車司機研究的結果，他們發現悲傷或憤怒等負面情緒只會在我們試圖抑制它們時惡化。)”講到當我們試圖抑制悲傷或憤怒等負面情緒時，它們只會變得更糟。G項“That’sbecausewefeelworsewhenwetrytocontrolandhideournegativeinnerfeelings.(這是因為當我們試圖控制和隱藏內心的負面情緒時，我們會感覺更糟。)”分析原因，前后句子之間屬于因果關系。干擾項C，前后句之間人稱是矛盾的。故選G項。【39題詳析】這一空位于這一小節段首，是統領這一小節的主題句。F項“Recently,scientistshavebeenpayingspecialattentiontothebenefitsofmindfulness.(最近，科學家們特別關注正念的好處。)”中的thebenefitsofmindfulness與副標題RespondMindfully對應。故選F項。【40題詳析】空格處位于段末。根據上文“Studiessuggestthatamindfulresponsetoanegativeeventreducestheamountofnegativeemotionsweexperience.(研究表明，對負面事件的專注反應會減少我們經歷的負面情緒。)”可知，上文講了正念的好處。B項“Andmindfulnessisaskillyoucandevelopovertime.(正念是一種你可以隨著時間的推移而發展的技能。)”與上文構成并列關系，故選B項。第三部分語言運用(共兩節，滿分30分)第一節(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。CruzGenet,11,andAnthonySkopick,10,couldn’tagree.Werethebirdsoutontheiceducksorgeese?Therewasonlyonewaytofindout.SoonachillyJanuaryevening,thetwofriendsventured(冒險)ontothe___41___pondneartheirhomesinFrankfort,Illinois,togetabetterlook.Firsttheythrewarockontotheiceto___42___it.CruztoldNBC5Chicago.“Thenwesteppedonit.”___43___theicewouldholdtheirweight,Anthonytookafewsteps.Thenhecrashedthroughthe___44___frozensurface.“Therewasnosound,nocrack.”hetoldNBC5Chicago.“Ijustfellthroughinstantly.”Cruzrushedtohelphis___45___friend.However,thepond___46___himtoo.Cruzmanagedtolifthimselfoutoftheextremelycoldwaterandontoamore___47___section.Hethen___48___workedhiswaytowardAnthony.Buttheicedidn’thold,andhefellinagain.Thistime,hecouldn’tgetout.Theboyswereuptotheirnecksinicywaterandquicklylosingfeelingintheirlimbs.Anychanceoftheirfreeingthemselveswas___49___.Cruzwassurehewasgoingtodie.Anthony’soldersisterhadseentheboysfallthroughtheiceandstarted____50____forhelp.JohnLavin,aneighbordrivingnearbyonhiswaytothegrocerystore,heardher.Hequickly____51____.Seeingtheboys,he____52____anearbybuoy(救生圈),kickedoffhisshoes,andranintothewater.LavinmadehiswaytoCruzandAnthonyandpulledthembacktoland.Theyweretakentothehospital,wheredoctorsdiscoveredthattheirfive-minutestayinthewaterhad____53____theirbodytemperaturenearlytendegrees.Fortunately,theboyshavefully____54____,thoughtheyarestillalittleamazedbytheir____55____neighbor.“Justtothink,”saysCruz,“ifhewerenotthere,Icouldhavedied.”41.A.calm B.frozen C.bitter D.tough42.A.bury B.test C.spread D.dig43.A.Confused B.Amazed C.Convinced D.Annoyed44.A.seemingly B.appropriately C.alternatively D.constantly45.A.optimistic B.hesitant C.panicked D.tolerant46.A.shifted B.swallowed C.struck D.swept47.A.flat B.smooth C.rough D.solid48.A.cautiously B.ultimately C.passively D.greedily49.A.puttingaway B.slippingaway C.takingaway D.breakingaway50.A.waving B.jumping C.screaming D.running51.A.pulledover B.knockedover C.tookover D.lookedover52.A.extended B.grabbed C.polished D.covered53.A.lowered B.affected C.monitored D.examined54.A.relieved B.restricted C.released D.recovered55.A.careless B.worthless C.helpless D.fearless【答案】41.B42.B43.C44.A45.C46.B47.D48.A49.B50.C51.A52.B53.A54.D55.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了兩個小孩為了看清結冰的池塘面上是一只鴨還是一只鵝，決定冒險走上去一探究竟。然而由于高估了冰的承受力，他們先后遇險，命懸一線。幸運的是，勇敢的鄰居聽到了姐姐的呼喊，成功地救下了兩個孩子并及時送往醫院救治。【41題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，在一個寒冷的一月晚上，這兩個朋友冒險來到他們位于伊利諾伊州法蘭克福的家附近的結冰池塘，以便更好地觀察。A.calm冷靜的；B.frozen凍僵的；C.bitter痛苦的；D.tough困難的。從下文“threwarockontotheice”可知，這個池塘是結冰的。故選B。【42題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：首先他們把一塊石頭扔到冰上進行測試。A.bury掩埋；B.test測試；C.spread蔓延；D.dig挖。根據“theythrewarockontotheice”和常識可知，扔一塊石頭到池塘上是為了測試冰的結實度。故選test。故選B。【43題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：安東尼確信冰塊能承受住他們的重量，于是走了幾步。A.Confused困惑的；B.Amazed驚訝的；C.Convinced確信的；D.Annoyed厭煩的。根據下文“Anthonytookafewsteps”可知，在確定冰可以承受他們的重量時，其中一個小男孩Anthony走了幾步。故選C。【44題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然后，他撞穿了看似結冰的表面。A.seemingly看似；表面上；B.appropriately恰當地；C.alternatively或者；要不；D.constantly持續地。從下文“Ijustfellthroughinstantly”可知，冰面并不結實，池塘只是看起來是凍結實的。故選A。【45題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：克魯茲趕緊去幫助驚慌失措的朋友。A.optimistic樂觀的；B.hesitant猶豫的；C.panicked恐慌的；D.tolerant容忍的。根據語境，面對這一突發事件，Anthony當時一定非常驚恐。故選C。【46題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，池塘也吞噬了他。A.shifted轉換；B.swallowed吞下；C.struck打擊；D.swept打掃。根據“However”可知，他并沒有救成功，反而池塘也吞噬了他。故選B。【47題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：克魯茲設法把自己從極冷的水中抬了出來，爬到了一個更堅固的部分。A.flat平的；B.smooth順利的；C.rough粗糙的；D.solid堅固的。根據語境可知，Cruz并沒有放棄，成功地從水里出來并把自己移到了一塊相對穩固的地方，這樣才不會再一次從冰面上掉下去。故選D。【48題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然后他小心翼翼地走向安東尼。A.cautiously小心地；B.ultimately最后；C.passively被動地；D.greedily貪婪地。結合上文提到冰面不結實可知，這一次他非常小心謹慎。故選A。【49題詳析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：他們重獲自由的任何機會都在悄悄溜走。A.puttingaway把……收起來；B.slippingaway滑走；C.takingaway拿走；D.breakingaway脫離。從上文“Buttheicedidn’thold,andhefellinagain.Thistime,hecouldn’tgetout.”可知，他們生存的機會已經悄悄溜走了，也就是機會很小。故選B。【50題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：安東尼的姐姐看到男孩們從冰里掉了下來，開始大聲呼救。A.waving揮手；B.jumping跳；C.screaming尖叫；D.running跑。從下文“JohnLavin,aneighbordrivingnearbyonhiswaytothegrocerystore,heardher.”可知，當安東尼的姐姐看到弟弟掉進池塘里，她就拼命喊叫求救，最終被鄰居聽到了。故選C。【51題詳析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：他迅速把車停在路邊。A.pulledover靠邊停車；B.knockedover撞倒；C.tookover接管；D.lookedover瀏覽。根據上文“JohnLavin,aneighbordrivingnearbyonhiswaytothegrocerystore,heardher.”可知，JohnLavin當時正在路上開車，聽到救命聲，立刻把車靠邊停下。故選A。【52題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：看到這些男孩，他抓起附近的一個浮標，踢掉鞋子，跑進了水里。A.extended延申；B.grabbed抓；C.polished擦亮；D.covered覆蓋。根據“anearbybuoy(救生圈)”并結合常識可知，看到這兩個落水的小男孩，他立刻抓起了附近的救生圈。故選B。【53題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他們被送往醫院，醫生發現他們在水中呆了五分鐘，體溫下降了近十度。A.lowered下降；B.affected影響；C.monitored監視；D.examined檢查。根據上文“theirfive-minutestayinthewater”推知，小男孩們在水里待了五分鐘讓他們的體溫下降了10度。故選A。【54題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：幸運的是，男孩們已經完全康復，盡管他們仍然對無所畏懼的鄰居感到有點驚訝。A.relieved放松；B.restricted限制；C.released釋放；D.recovered恢復。根據上文“Fortunately”可知，兩個小孩最終完全康復了。故選D。【55題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.careless粗心的；B.worthless無價值的；C.helpless無助的；D.fearless無畏的。根據下文“ifhew