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物資裝備計劃(MRP)(英文)MaterialRequirementPlanning(MRP)ContributorstoMRPJosephOrlickyGeorgePlosslOliverWightAmericanProductionandInventoryControlSocietyWhatisMRP?ComputerizedInventoryControlProductionPlanningSystemManagementInformationSystemManufacturingControlSystemWhentouseMRPJobShopProductionComplexProductsAssemble-to-OrderEnvironmentsDiscreteandDependentDemandItemsWhatcanMRPdo?ReduceInventoryLevelsReduceComponentShortagesImproveShippingPerformanceImproveCustomerServiceImproveProductivitySimplifiedandAccurateSchedulingReducePurchasingCostImproveProductionSchedulesReduceManufacturingCostReduceLeadTimesLessScrapandReworkHigherProductionQualityWhatcanMRPdo?ImproveCommunicationImprovePlantEfficiencyReduceFreightCostReductioninExcessInventoryReduceOvertimeImproveSupplySchedulesImproveCalculationofMaterialRequirementsImproveCompetitivePositionThreeBasicStepsofMRPIdentifyingRequirementsRunningMRP–CreatingtheSuggestionsFirmingtheSuggestionsStep1:IdentifyingtheRequirementsQuantityonHandQuantityonOpenPurchaseOrderQuantityin/orPlannedforManufacturingQuantityCommittedtoExistingOrdersQuantityForecastedStep1:ImportantInformation

MRPis…..CompanySensitiveLocationSensitiveDateSensitiveStep2:RunningMRP–CreatingtheSuggestionsCriticalItemsExpediteItemsDelayItemsStep3:FirmingtheSuggestionsManufacturingOrdersPurchasingOrdersVariousReportsOverviewoftheMRPSystemProductStructureFileMasterProductionScheduleInventoryMasterFileMaterialRequirementsPlanningManufacturingOrdersPurchaseOrdersVariousReportsMRPInputsProductStructureFileMasterProductionScheduleInventoryMasterFileProductStructureFileBillofMaterialsMasterProductionScheduleScheduleofFinishedProductsRepresentsProduction,notDemandCombinationofCustomerOrdersandDemandForecastsWhatNeedstobeProducedInventoryMasterFileOn-HandQuantitiesOn-OrderQuantitiesLotSizesSafetyStockLeadTimePast-UsageFiguresMRPProcessSchedulestheProductionofallitemsusinganMRPMatrixItem:Low-LevelCode:LotSize:LeadTime:PD12345GrossRequirementsScheduledReceiptsProjectedonHandNetRequirementsPlannedOrderReceiptsPlannedOrderReleasesMRPMatrixTermsDefinedItem–nameornumberfortheitembeingscheduledLow-LevelCode–thelowestleveloftheitemontheproductstructurefileLotSize–ordermultiplesofquantityLeadTime–thetimefromwhenanorderisplacedtowhenitisreceivedPD–PastDueTimeBucket,ordersbehindscheduleTermsDefinedGrossRequirements–demandforanitembytimeperiodScheduledReceipts–materialalreadyorderedProjectedonHand–expectedendinginventoryNetRequirements–numberofitemstobeprovidedandwhenPlannedOrderReceipts–netrequirementsadjustedforlotsizePlannedOrderReleases–plannedorderreceiptsoffsetforleadtimesExleoftheMRPProcessItem:ALow-LevelCode:1LotSize:25LeadTime:1PD12345GrossRequirements1015252530ScheduledReceipts25ProjectedonHand20NetRequirementsPlannedOrderReceiptsPlannedOrderReleasesExleoftheMRPProcessItem:ALow-LevelCode:1LotSize:25minLeadTime:1PD12345GrossRequirements1015252530ScheduledReceipts25ProjectedonHand201020202015NetRequirements5510PlannedOrderReceipts252525PlannedOrderReleases2525253025MRPOutputsManufacturingOrdersPurchasingOrdersVariousReportsHubbellLightingCaseManufacturesIndustrialLightingProductsGood-QualityProductsPooratMeetingDueDatesWorkisSpecializedforEachCustomerJobShopEnvironmentComplexProductsHubbellLightingCaseBeforeMRPImplementationLessthan75%oforderscompletedontimeAfterMRPImplementation97%oforderscompletedontime2%oforderscompletedwith1to2daysafterduedateS

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