——fromChinesetoEnglishTranslationofMedicalEnglish

AliciaXu1.adj.+n.2.in+abstractnoun3.onestem,andtwobranches4.adjectivesusedtoexpressdegree5.“asetofadjectives+thesamenoun”6.predicateadjective+prep.UsefulstructuresinTranslation7.ofphrase8.ona…basis9.n.+infinite10.n+be+infinite11.Themore…themore(less)12.participlephraseadj.+n.“發病率高”（n.+adj.）“highincidence”（adj.+n.）e.g.傷口血腫差不多都是由止血不完善所致。Woundhematomaisalmostalwayscausedbyimperfecthemostasis.如果嬰兒的飲食中維生素D含量不足就會引起佝僂病。RicketswillresultifthereisaninsufficientamountofvitaminDinthedietofaninfant.我們的研究顯示20例這類兒童中有8例神經系統預后不良。Ourstudyreportedthat8of20suchchildrenhadpoorneurologicaloutcomes.口臭可由口腔衛生不好和膿溢或者由扁桃體、腺樣組織以及鼻腔黏膜的慢性感染而引起。Anodorousbreathmayresultfromimproperoralhygieneandpyorrheaorfromchronicinfectionofthetonsils,adenoidornasalmucosa.血氣惡化可能表示心血管功能下降，而不是肺疾病的惡化。Deterioratingbloodgasesmayindicatedecreasingcardiovascularfunctionratherthanaprogressionofthepulmonarydisease.例1：這些藥物的成分是不同的

ThecompositionofthesepillsaredifferentThesepillsaredifferentincomposition例2：白細胞的數量比紅細胞少得多，數量之比約為1：600Thewhitecellsaremuchfewerinnumberthantheredcells,aboutoneto600.2.in+abstractnoun例3：無論是酸性、堿性還是中性，多數藥物主要是從小腸吸收的。Mostdrugs,whetheracidic,basic,orneutralincharacter,areabsorbedmainlyfromthesmallintestine.例4：人眼的結構和功用很像一個照相機。Theeyeismuchlikeacamerainstructureandaction.每條染色體上的基因成對地排列，有嚴格的次序，每一個基因占據特定的位置（又稱基因座）。Thegenesoneachchromosomearearrangedinpairsandinstrictorder,witheachgeneoccupyingaspecificlocationorlocus.3.Onestem,andtwobranches

以名詞為中心詞，后面跟兩個介詞短語。第一個介詞往往時of，第二個是其他介詞，兩個介詞短語都修飾中心名詞，綜合起來構成一個復雜的概念。寫作中運用這種結構，可以使得句子語言簡潔，突出概念，言簡意賅。例1：感染物吸入到肺是肺膿腫的最常見病因。Aspirationofinfectiousmaterialintothelungisthemostcommoncauseoflungabscess.例2：像嘔吐一樣，腹瀉也是身體防止中毒的一種自然保護作用。Likevomiting,diarrheaisanaturalprotectionofthebodyagainstpoisoning.例3：將小鼠短期暴露于苯（的蒸汽中）能引起其體內粒細胞總數增加，包括粒細胞的祖代細胞和循環中的粒細胞。Short-termexposureofmicetobenzeneledtoanincreaseinthetotalnumberofgranulocyte,includingprogenitorcellsandcirculatinggranulocytes.例4：治療無排卵子宮出血的首要目標應是將增生型的子宮內膜轉化為分泌型的子宮內膜。Thetreatmentofanovulatorybleedingshouldhaveasitsfirstaimthetransformationofproliferative(endometrium)into

secretory

endometrium.有時，名詞后面可有三個介詞短語。這種損傷導致體液從血液向組織滲漏。

Suchdamageresultsintheleakageoffluidfromthebloodintothetissues.第二個短語也可以是不定式短語

腎小管對這些物質的吸收能力不是無限的。

Thecapacityofthetubulestoabsorbthesesubstancesisnotunlimited.Thebodyneednutrition.Theneedofbodyfornutrition4.Adjectivesusedtoexpressdegree尿中出現可以檢測到的（一定量的）葡萄糖稱為糖尿。Thepresenceofappreciableamountsofglucoseintheurineisknownasglycosuria.血液中出現了尿酸的明顯增多。Therehasbeenanappreciableincreaseofuricacidintheblood.AppreciableConsiderableMarkedSignificantappreciable/considerable/marked/significantincrease這種藥（依地酸鈣鈉）對急性和慢性鉛中毒是有效的，它可引起明顯增加的尿鉛排出。Thedrug(sodiumcalciumedetate)iseffectiveinacuteandchronicleadpoisoning;itproducesamarkedincreaseintheurinaryexcretionoflead.

骨盆檢查顯示外陰有明顯的炎癥。

Pelvicexaminationshowsthatthereisconsiderableinflammationofthevulva.AD患者血漿中P物質濃度相對于對照組有顯著增加(P<0.01);PatientswithADhadsignificantincreaseinplasmalevelofSubstancePcomparedwithcontrols(P<0.01).如果血液被過多攝入的液體所稀釋，尿的排出就會增加。Ifthebloodisdilutedbyanexcessiveintakeoffluidstheoutputofurineisincreased.普萘洛爾確實有效，它可較大程度地增加很多患者的運動耐受性。Propranolol

doeshaveademonstrableeffect,andinmanypatientsitwillincreaseexercisetoleranceconsiderably.

demonstrable先天畸形可引起相當比例的嬰兒死亡。Congenitalabnormalitiescauseafairproportionofinfantdeaths.

fair這種有輕微麻醉作用的藥物在腹部手術中是有價值的。Thedrugisofvalue,withlightanesthesia,inobtaininggreaterrelationinabdominalsurgery.

light大出血必須及時加以控制，否則就需進行手術。Massivebleedingmustbebroughtundercontrolimmediately,otherwiseanoperationisindicated.

Massive當你劇烈運動時，體內產生廢物，這些物質對于神經系統具有輕度的毒性。Whenyouexercisevigorously,wasteproductswhichactasmildpoisonstothenervoussystemareformed.

mild(slight)除了主動脈反流，如果還存在有一定程度的主動脈狹窄，通常會出現（左心室）中度擴張。Ifconsiderableaorticstenosisexistsalongwithregurgitation,moderateenlargementistherule.moderate普萘洛爾在降低動脈血壓上也有適當的作用。Propranololalsohasamodesteffectinreducingarterialbloodpressure.

Modest這些事實幾乎結論性地表明吸煙習慣與隨后發生的冠狀動脈疾病之間的緊密聯系。Thesealmostconclusivelyindicateastrongassociationbetweenthehabitofcigarettesmokingandthesubsequentdevelopmentofcoronaryarterydisease.

Strong5.“asetofadjectives+thesamenoun”todifferentiatevariousdegrees.asmall(limited)numberofacertainnumberofalargenumberofanenormous(vast)numberofA…numberof少數有一些很多極多MinimumamountofaninsufficientamountofMinor(small)amountsofappreciableamountsofvastamountsofaverylargeamountofA(an)…amountof/amountsof最低量不足量的少量一定數量大量超大量的Of…importance沒什么重要

oflittle(no)importance不太重要

ofminorimportance十分重要

ofmajorimportance極其重要

ofessential(fundamental/great)importance格外重要

ofparticularimportance至關重要

ofvitalimportance最為重要

offirst(prime/primary/utmost/paramount)importance有深遠意義

ofprofoundimportance有治療意義

oftherapeuticimportance壓倒一切的重要意義

ofoverridingimportanceOf…value作用不大

oflittlevalue極大的價值

ofgreat(most/considerable)value有無價值，是有爭議的

ofdebatablevaluee.g.患風濕熱時經常發生的這些臨床特征，具有很小的診斷價值。Theseclinicalfeaturesfrequentlyoccurringinrheumaticfeverareofminordiagnosticvalue.At…intervals交替，間隔有規律地交替出現

atregularintervals

例：瘧疾是一種慢性、復發性的感染，以規律交替出現寒戰和高熱為其特征。

Malariaisachronic,relapsinginfectioncharacterizedbychillsandhighfeveratregularintervals.

例：每4小時重復一次

At4hourintervals/atintervalsof4hoursPay…attentionto應有的注意相當地注意充分關注非常重視密切注意Particularattentionmustbegivento…paydueattentiontopayconsiderableattentiontopayadequateattentiontopaygreatattentiontopaycloseattentionto6.predicateadjective+prep.

adj.+forbeavailablefor有效的例：人工自動免疫對白喉、麻疹、腮腺炎、脊髓灰質炎、狂犬病、落基山斑疹熱、猩紅熱、破傷風、傷寒和百日咳等疾病均有效。Artificialactiveimmunizationisavailablefordiphtheria,measles,mumps,poliomyelitis,rabies,RockyMountainspottedfever,scarletfever,tetanus,typhoidfever,andwhoopingcough.becriticalforbeeffectiveforbesuitablefor

adj.+inbedeficientin缺乏的例：因為機體主要缺乏水和電解質，而不是缺血或血漿，所以補液主要以鹽水溶液為主。Sincethebodyisdeficientchieflyinwaterandelectrolytes,ratherthanbloodorplasma,fluidreplacementshouldconsistmainlyofsalinesolutions.

beinadequatein不足的adj.+of

becharacteristicof以…為特征beconsciousof意識到bedevoidof不受影響例：沒有副作用bedevoidofsideeffectsbedevoidofsideeffectsbeindependentof不受…影響或支配beignorantof不清楚beindicativeof是…的預兆besuggestiveof提示…例：一般說來，以干燥性鱗屑紅斑類型為表現的手癬提示紅色毛癬菌感染。Generallytinea

manumofdryscalyanderythematoustypeissuggestiveof

Trichophyton

rubrum

infection.adj.+tobecentralto成為…的中心環節bedetrimentalto對…有害bedeleteriousto對…有害bevulnerableto易受…的損傷besusceptibleto

易受到損傷的，易發…病的例：本研究指出，抑郁者更易心臟病發作。Ourstudyhasindicatedthatpeoplewithdepressionaremoresusceptibletoheartattacks.adj.+withbecompatiblewith與…相符合becontiguouswith與…接觸，與…相連beisotonicwith與…等滲的besynchronouswith與…一致（同步）的例：該嬰兒的臨床表現與宮內感染是相符合的。Thisinfant’sclinicalpictureiscompatiblewithanintrauterineinfection.例：子宮的雜音與母體的脈搏是一致的。Theuterinesouffléissynchronouswiththematernalpulse.7.Ofphrase

Usedatthebeginningofsentencesasadverbialmodifier,indicatingrangeorscope.

在研究的全部手術病例中，40％是…Ofthetotaloperationsstudied,40percentwere…在入院的64例患者中，35人接受了手術治療，29人接受了藥物治療。Ofthe64patientsadmitted,35weretreatedsurgicallyand29medically.

(Of短語也可以用在后面)有64例患者住進我們醫院，其中35人接受了手術治療，其余29人接受了藥物治療。Sixty-fourcaseswereadmittedtoourhospital,ofwhom35weretreatedsurgicallyandtheremaining29medically.8.Ona…basis此短語的功能相當于形容詞或名詞的副詞形式所起的狀語作用。onaregularbasis=regularlyonamoment-to-momentbasis＝frommomenttomoment必須對患者進行仔細的體格檢查并且定期復查。Ameticulousphysicalexaminationmustbeperformedandrepeatedonaregularbasis.對患者進行逐個分析時，病損大小在10mm及以上者（總數為63），其空氣對比鋇劑灌腸敏感度為48％，CT結腸造影為59％，結腸鏡檢率為98％。Whenanalyzedonaper-patientbasis,forlesions10mmorlargerinsize(n=63),thesensitivityofaircontrastbariumenema(ACBE)was48%,computedtomographic

colonography(CTC)59%,andcolonoscopy98%.視個體情況而定

onanindividualbasis=individually頻繁地

onafrequentbasis=frequently實驗性質地

onaexperimentalbasis=experimentally世界范圍內地

onaworldbasis=worldwide長期地，永遠地

onapermanentbasis=permanently不定時偶爾的

onatime-contingentbasis=time-contingently每天地

onadailybasis=daily9.n+infinite

名詞的后置定語多用介詞短語，分詞短語或定語從句。但有時不定式也可以，主要限于一些抽象名詞。激光影像鏡檢最突出的一點是能使手術操作創傷性小而又省錢。Themostremarkablethingaboutvideolaseroscopyisitspotentialtomaketheprocedureslessinvasiveandcostly.手術消毒所需的時間取決于被消毒物品的性質。Thetimeofoperationtoachievesterilitydependsonthenatureofthematerialbeingsterilized.10.n+be+infinite

40歲以上的患者近期開始出現消化不良的癥狀時，首先應排除的是胃癌。Whenconfrontedwithdyspepticsymptomsofrecentorigininapatientover40yearsthefirstnecessityistoexcludegastriccancer.11.Themore…themore(less)胎膜破裂的時間越長，宮內感染發生的可能性就越大。Thel