考點分類練10主旨大意題(1)閱讀理解2025年高考總復習優化設計二輪專題英語A課后習題專項能力提升練含答案考點分類練(十)主旨大意題(1)Passage1(2024福建泉州三模)主題:改造舊飛機詞數:305難度:★★★☆☆BruceCampbell,aretiredelectricalengineer,wantedtochangethebehaviorofmankindbyshowinghowwecanrecycleoldthingsintonew-andpractical-andlivableones.Forabout$220,000,hepurchasedaGreekairliner—aBoeing727-400—thatloggedabout40,000flightsinitspeak.BeforeCampbellgothishandsonhisBoeing727andtransformeditintotheairplanehomehelivesin,thisaircraftsawregularuseasittransportedallkindsofpeopletoallsortsofdestinations.Afterthesuccessfultransform,hehostedabigDJdancepartywithacoupleoffriends.Theparty,calledTurbulence:ADancePartyata727intheWoods,happenedrightonthewing!Guestswhoattendedthepartyalsogottheopportunitytotakealookattheairplanehome.Overall,theygottheattentionof14,000Metauserswhowereinterestedinwhatsoundedlikeanincredibleparty.Thistalentedengineergotanotherairlinerandstartedonhissecondairplanehomeduringthebeginningof2018ontheKyushuIslandcoastbecausehewantedittoserveasasafeplaceforthelocalcommunityaswell.PartofBruceCampbell’svisionwastomakeanairlinerthatdoubledasalifeboatincasetsunami(海嘯)threatswereissued.Hewantedthegeneralpublictofindoutthatplanesarecapableofsurvivinghundredsofyearsandthecruelestweatherconditionsthankstoitssealedpressuretechnology.Campbelladoredtheexcitementthathereceivedwhenherecycledairplanesandhopedthatpeoplewouldseriouslyconsideritaftertheygotthechancetoseehishomeduringtoursandevents.Hehaspostedonhiswebsitethatitishisgoalto“inspirearenaissance(復興)ofthoughtabouthowtoemploythisremarkableresource”.【語篇導讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了一位退休的電氣工程師BruceCampbell把舊飛機改造成家的故事。1.WhatdrewwidepublicattentiontoCampbell’sfirsttransformedplane?A.Itshighresidentialcomfortlevel.B.Itsremarkabletransportingcapacity.C.Theincrediblyhightransformationcost.D.TheMetapostofapartyheldonit.答案D解析細節理解題。根據第三段內容可知,Meta上舉辦派對的帖子吸引了公眾對Campbell第一架改裝飛機的廣泛關注,故選D項。2.WhatdidCampbellthinkthesecondplanecouldserveas?A.Atsunamiwarningcenter.B.Ameetingplaceforlocalcommunity.C.Atemporaryshelterindisasters.D.Anengineeringworkshop.答案C解析細節理解題。根據第四段中“Thistalentedengineergotanotherairlinerandstartedonhissecondairplanehome...incasetsunamithreatswereissued.”可知,Campbell認為第二架飛機可以用作災難中的臨時避難所,故選C項。3.WhydidCampbelltransformtheplanes?A.Todirectattentiontohousingproblems.B.Tosatisfyhisscientificcuriosity.C.Toadvocateagreenerlifestyle.D.Tocallforparticipationinrecycling.答案D解析細節理解題。根據第一段和最后一段內容可知,Campbell改造飛機是為了呼吁市民參與循環再造。4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Aformerengineerturningretiredplanesintohome.B.Recenttrendsofrenaissance-themeddecoration.C.Atalentedhomedesignerreceivingonlinefame.D.Diverseapproachesforsustainableliving.答案A解析主旨大意題。根據全文內容,結合第一段“BruceCampbell,aretiredelectricalengineer,wantedtochangethebehaviorofmankindbyshowinghowwecanrecycleoldthingsintonew-andpractical-andlivableones.”可知,文章主要介紹了一位退休的電氣工程師BruceCampbell把舊飛機改造成家的故事,A項“一位前工程師把退役的飛機變成了家”能夠總結文章大意。Passage2(2024浙江紹興二模)主題:棄用草書詞數:336難度:★★★☆☆Ihavealwaysbeenproudofmyhandwriting,askillIwastaughtingradeschool.TheteacherwasteachingusthePalmerPenmanshipMethod,drillingintoustheimportanceofformingbigflowinglineswhenwewroteg’sands’saswellasbeautifulf’sthatinmymindwerelikefairytaleprincesseswearingfancyhatswhileextendingtheirrightfoot.Wewerestrictlyprohibitedfromusingblocklettersonourhomework,astheylackthebeauty.Nowitbecomesapparentthatyoungpeoplenolongerlearncursive(草書).Theytypeeverything,mostlyontheirphones.Beautifulhandwritingisathingofthepast.Thishasbecomeasourceofgreatsadnessamongtraditionalists.Butrecentlysomethinghappenedthatshookmyfaithincursive.Tomycompletedisbelief,notonebuttwoofmyclosefriendscomplainedaboutthehandwritingonmypostcards.TheyweregratefulforthebeautifulpostcardsIregularlysent,buttheysaidtheyhonestlycouldn’treadathingIhadwritten.OnefriendwentsofarastoaskifIcoulduseblocklettersnexttimesothatshecouldunderstandwhatIwaswriting.Initially,Iwasangry.IhadmadetheefforttocoveranentirepostcardwithwhatIviewedasnotjusthandwritingbutcalligraphy.ButthenIshowedanEnglishfriendapostcardI’djustwritten,andhesaidthattheonlythingthatwasreadilyunderstandablewastheletters“U.S.A.”Therestofit,hepolitelysuggested,lookedlike“chickenscrawl”.Lookingatthepostcarddispassionately,Iunwillinglyadmitthathehasapoint.Allthem’sandn’sruntogether,andthel’slooklikel’s.Thea’sareindistinguishablefromtheq’s.So,fromnowon,I’mtakingtheiradviceandusingblockletterstocommunicate.Infact,Ijustnowsentanoldfriendapostcard.Butthistime,Isimplywrote—inbigblockletters:DEARALICE:HI.JOE.Ihopeshegetsthemessage.【語篇導讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者從小學時對自己的草書書法感到自豪,到意識到現代趨勢使它變得不那么實用和容易理解的過程。盡管作者的朋友們很欣賞草書的美麗,但看不懂他們手寫的明信片,所以為了清晰起見,他決定改用印刷體。這一轉變象征著一個更廣泛的社會轉變,從手寫交流向打字交流轉變,顯示了傳統美感與實際易讀性之間的斗爭。5.WhatdoweknowaboutthePalmerPenmanshipMethod?A.Itischaracterizedbybigflowinglines.B.Itisrarelyappreciatedbytraditionalists.C.Itwasnotallowedinstudents’homework.D.Itisviewedasatrendinhandwritingstyles.答案A解析細節理解題。根據第一段中“TheteacherwasteachingusthePalmerPenmanshipMethod,drillingintoustheimportanceofformingbigflowinglineswhenwewroteg’sands’saswellasbeautifulf’sthatinmymindwerelikefairytaleprincesseswearingfancyhatswhileextendingtheirrightfoot.”可知,帕爾默書法的特點是線條大而流暢。故選A項。6.Whatweakenedthewriter’sbeliefincursive?A.Thepopularityofblocklettersinrecenttimes.B.Theyoungergeneration’sdisinterestincursive.C.Hisfriends’failuretocomprehendhispostcards.D.HisEnglishfriend’ssuggestiononpostcarddesign.答案C解析細節理解題。根據第三段內容可知,作者朋友們無法理解他的明信片削弱了作者對草書的信念。7.Whydidthewriterswitchtoblocklettersforcommunication?A.Todeliverhismessageclearly.B.Toimprovehishandwritingskills.C.Towinpraisefromhisfriends.D.Toshowhispassionforcalligraphy.答案A解析細節理解題。根據倒數第二段內容可知,作者改用大寫字母來交流是為了清楚地傳達他的信息。故選A項。8.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Thewideuseofcursive.B.Thesaddeclineofcursive.C.Thevalueofpreservingcursive.D.Thetechniqueofwritingincursive.答案B解析主旨大意題。根據文章大意以及第二段“Nowitbecomesapparentthatyoungpeoplenolongerlearncursive.Theytypeeverything,mostlyontheirphones.Beautifulhandwritingisathingofthepast.Thishasbecomeasourceofgreatsadnessamongtraditionalists.”可知,文章主要講的是草書可悲的衰落。故選B項。Passage3(2024廣東江門一模)主題:環境DNA技術詞數:345難度:★★★★☆Figuringoutbiodiversitypatternsanddetectingrareorjust-good-at-hidingspecieshaslongposedchallengesforecosystemmonitoringandconservationefforts.Traditionalsurveymethodsarelaborintensiveandcoverlimitedareas.Now,emergingenvironmentalDNA(eDNA)techniquesopennewpossibilities.Scientistscollectwaterorsoilsamplesfromanenvironmentandextract(提取)anyDNAtracesleftbehindbyorganisms.ThisistheenvironmentalDNA(eDNA).Theythenuseoneofthetwoanalysismethods—quantitativePCR(qPCR)orDNAsequencing(DNA測序).Similartovirustests,qPCRisusedtodetectifaspecificspecies’DNAisinthesample.Forexample,researcherstestedriverwatereDNAtoseeifendangeredfishXwaspresent.Whenitwasdetected,theyconfirmedthatthefishlivedinthatriverwithoutdirectlyseeingit.DNAsequencinganalyzesallDNAinthesampleatonce.ScientistscanthenmatchtheDNAbarcodestodatabasestoidentifywhichspecieswereinthesampledenvironment.AlthougheDNAsamplingcannotidentifynewspeciesorthoseonlyknownfromphotosandvideosiftheyarenotalreadylistedinthereferencedatabases,therealpowerofitliesinitsabilitytocaptureawiderangeoforganisms.Withjustonesample,scientistscandetectallkindsoflivingthings,frombacteriatowhales,inalmostanyenvironmentwherelifeexists,includingthedeepseaandundergroundcaves.OneofthemostsignificantadvantagesofeDNAsamplingisthatitallowsscientiststodetectspeciesthataredifficulttoseeorcapture.Thisisparticularlyusefulwhenstudyingrareorverysmallspecies,orwhenworkinginenvironmentslikedarkwaterwherevisibilityislimited.Thisisjustthestart.ImagineafuturewhereeDNAdatacouldbecollectedfromthemostremoteoceansbyautonomousvehicles,analyzedbythedroneoronboardaresearchvessel(船艦),andintegratedwithothermonitoringdatasomarinemanagersandthepubliccanseenear-real-timedataabouttheconditionoftheocean.Sciencefiction?Notanymore.【語篇導讀】本文是一篇說明文。新的生物多樣性監測技術——環境DNA(eDNA)技術即將問世,文章對其進行了介紹。9.What’stheauthor’spurposeofmentioningtheexampleinparagraph2?A.ToexplaintheprocessofqPCRanalysismethod.B.TointroducethedefinitionofenvironmentalDNA.C.Totellthedifferencebetweentwoanalysismethods.D.ToshowthesimilaritybetweenqPCRandvirustests.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據第二段中的“Theythenuseoneofthetwoanalysismethods...livedinthatriverwithoutdirectlyseeingit.”可知,作者在第二段提到這個例子的目的是說明qPCR分析方法的過程。10.What’stheadvantageofeDNAsampling?A.Itcandetectspeciesfromphotosandvideos.B.Itcanhelpscientistscaptureendangeredspecies.C.Itenablesscientiststoworkininvisibleenvironment.D.Itcanidentifyanylivingcreaturewithasampleofit.答案D解析細節理解題。根據第三段前兩句“AlthougheDNAsamplingcannotidentify...includingthedeepseaandundergroundcaves.”可知,eDNA取樣的優勢是它可以用它的樣本識別任何生物。11.WhatcouldeDNAdatabeappliedtointhefuture?A.Studyingmicrobialcommunities.B.Analyzingdiversitychangesovertime.C.Collectingspeciesinnewenvironments.D.Offeringstatisticsforoceansupervision.答案D解析細節理解題。根據最后一段第二句“ImagineafuturewhereeDNAdata...abouttheconditionoftheocean.”可知,eDNA數據在未來可以應用于為海洋監管提供統計數據。12.What’sthemainideaofthetext?A.Scientistshavemadeabreakthroughinundersearesearch.B.Rarespecieshavebeendiscoveredwithtwoanalysismethods.C.Newbiodiversitymonitoringtechniquesarearoundthecorner.D.Traditionalsurveymethodsareabandonedfortheirshortcomings.答案C解析主旨大意題。根據第一段可知,文章主要講的是新的生物多樣性監測技術即將問世。考點分類練(十一)主旨大意題(2)Passage1(2024江蘇蘇錫常鎮二模)主題:軟貼片詞數:334難度:★★★☆☆Thehumanvoiceisadelicatething.Eachperson’sdistinctivevoiceisproducedwhenairfromthelungscausesthevocalcords(聲帶)tovibrate(震顫).Thesevocalcordscaneasilygetdamaged.Accordingtoa2005study,30%ofthepopulationwillexperienceavoicedisorderatsomepointintheirlife.InastudypublishedinthejournalNatureCommunicationsthisweek,agroupofbioengineeringresearchersfromtheUniversityofCaliforniahaveputforwardanattractivesolution.Theyhavedesignedandtestedasoftpatch(小片)thatcanbestuckontoaperson’sneck,whereitwillpickupmusclemovementsand,withthehelpofmachine-learningalgorithms(算法)thatprocessthesignals,translatethemintospeech.Whenapersonlosestheirvoicetoday,theeasiestfixistoturntotyping,texting,orwritingnotestocommunicate.Typingcanbeslowandconvenient,saysJunChen,thepaper’sleadauthor,andwritingnotesisonlypossibleingoodlighting.Thenewsolutionwouldthereforebeabletoclearallthesehurdles.Dr.Chen’sdeviceworksbasedonsomethingcalledthemagnetoelasticeffect.Essentially,whentinymagnetic(磁性的)bitsareplacedintosoftmaterials,theirmagneticpropertiescanchangeasthematerialisstretched.Whenthethroatmusclesmoveunderthesoftpatch,theresultingmagnetoelasticeffectscanbechangedintoelectricalsignals.Inatestwitheightparticipants,thevariationscanbechangedbyelectricalsignals.Researchersrecordedthesignalsasthesubjectsspokeandmouthedfivedifferentsentences.Theythentrainedamachine-learningmodelwhichwasthenabletopredictwhichofthefivesentencestheparticipantsspoke—whetheraloudorinsilence—withmorethan90%accuracy.Thereisawaytogoyet,fornowthedevicecanonlyrecognizethefivephrasesitwastrainedon.Plus,tomakeitpracticalatscale,theresearcherswillneedtocollectalotmoredata.【語篇導讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項最新的科學研究成果,即一種可以貼在人脖子上的軟貼片,能夠通過捕捉肌肉運動并將其轉化為語言。1.Whatdoestheauthormainlywanttotellusinparagraph1?A.Lungsareeasilydamaged.B.Thehumanvoiceisunique.C.Vocalcordsvibratetoproducesound.D.Voicedisordersareaproblemworthyofattention.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據第一段可知,本段主要想告訴我們聲音障礙是一個值得關注的問題。2.Whydoestheauthormentionthemagnetoelasticeffect?A.Toexplaintheworkingprinciple.B.Topresentasolution.C.Tointroducethechallenge.D.Tomakeacomparison.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據第二段的“Theyhavedesignedandtestedasoftpatch...thesignals,translatethemintospeech.”、第三段和第四段的“Dr.Chen’sdeviceworksbasedonsomethingcalledthemagnetoelasticeffect.”可知,作者提到magnetoelasticeffect是為了解釋貼片的工作原理。3.Whatisthefunctionofthesoftpatch?A.Predictingfivedifferentsentences.B.Destroyingthebackgroundmagneticfield.C.Slowingthemovementsofthroatmuscles.D.Helpingturnmusclemovementsintoelectricalsignals.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據第四段的“Essentially,whentinymagnetic(磁性的)bitsareplacedintosoftmaterials,theirmagneticpropertiescanchangeasthematerialisstretched.”以及第五段的“Whenthethroatmusclesmoveunderthesoftpatch,theresultingmagnetoelasticeffectscanbechangedintoelectricalsignals.”可知,軟貼片的功能是幫助將肌肉運動轉化為電信號。4.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.PredictingtheImportanceofVoiceRestorationB.UsingAlgorithmsinBioengineeringResearchC.OvercomingVoiceLosswithanInnovativePatchD.FindingthePrincipleofCommunicationDevices答案C解析主旨大意題。縱觀全文可知,本文主要講述了一種可以貼在人脖子上的軟貼片,能夠通過捕捉肌肉運動并將其轉化為語言,所以C項“OvercomingVoiceLosswithanInnovativePatch(用創新的貼片克服失聲)”是本文最好的標題。Passage2(2024福建莆田二模)主題:刻意學習詞數:306難度:★★★☆☆Theyearis1763,anda7-year-oldMozartisabouttosetoffonatouraroundEuropethatwilljump-starttheMozartlegend.Mozarthadatrickuphissleeve.WhenyoungMozartheardanoteplayed—anynote—hecouldimmediatelyidentifyexactlywhichnoteitwas.Itwasanabilitynowweknowas“perfectpitch”,anditseemedtobeanexampleofthemysteriousgiftsthatyounggeniuseshadbeenbornwith.Butisthatreallyso?Overmyyearsofstudyingexpertsinvariousfields,likeMozart,Ihavefoundthatthere’snosuchthingasapredefinedability.Actually,thosepeoplealldeveloptheirabilitiesthrough“deliberatepractice”,apurposefulandsystematictypeofpracticethatmakesitpossibleforthemtodothingstheyotherwisecouldnot.Inthem,potentialisanexpandablevessel,shapedbythevariousthingstheydothroughouttheirlives.OneofmytestimoniescamefromRayAllen,aten-timeAll-StarintheNBA.Allen’sjumpshotwasnotnoticeablybetterthanhisteammates’backinhighschool;infact,itwaspoor.Butwithhardworkanddedication,hetransformedhisjumpshotintoonesogracefulandnaturalthatpeopleassumedhewasbornwithit.Butitdoesn’tmean“Justkeepworkingatit,andyou’llgetthere”.Heartfeltdesireandhardworkalonewillnotleadtoimprovedperformance.Therightsortofpracticecarriedoutoverasufficientperiodoftimewillleadtoimprovement.Nothingelse.Andthisistruewhetherourgoalistobecomeaconcertpianistorjustplaythepianowellenoughtoamuseourselves,tobethegreatestthree-pointshooterorjustbuildourselvesup.Deliberatepracticeisthegoldstandardforanyoneinanyfieldwhowishestobuildnewskillsandabilities.【語篇導讀】本文是一篇說明文。各個領域的專家似乎具有某種與生俱來的神秘能力,但作者通過研究發現,這些人都是通過“刻意練習”來發展他們的能力的,刻意練習是任何人在任何領域希望建立新的技能和能力的黃金標準。5.WhyisMozart’sperfectpitchmentionedinparagraph1?A.Tointroduceaninborntalent.B.Toexplainreasonsforsuccess.C.Toleadtoreflectionongifts.D.Todefineabrillianttrick.答案C解析推理判斷題。第一段中的“Itwasanabilitynowweknowas‘perfectpitch’,anditseemedtobeanexampleofthemysteriousgiftsthatyounggeniuseshadbeenbornwith.Butisthatreallyso?”提到年輕的莫扎特具有似乎是天生的神秘天賦——“絕對音高”的能力,接著提出一個問題,事實真的是這樣嗎?接著第二段中的“Actually,thosepeoplealldeveloptheirabilitiesthrough‘deliberatepractice’”提到實際上這些人都是通過“刻意練習”來發展他們的能力的,故作者提到莫扎特的“絕對音高”能力是為了導入對天賦的思考。6.Whichisthemostimportantinmakinganexpertaccordingtothewriter?A.Affection. B.Experience.C.Training. D.Gifts.答案C解析細節理解題。根據最后一段中的“Therightsortofpracticecarriedout...wishestobuildnewskillsandabilities.”可知,在作者看來,成為專家最重要的是刻意練習。7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“testimonies”meaninparagraph3?A.Challenges. B.Proofs.C.Comments. D.Puzzles.答案B解析詞句猜測題。第二段中的“Actually,thosepeoplealldeveloptheirabilitiesthrough‘deliberatepractice’,apurposefulandsystematictypeofpracticethatmakesitpossibleforthemtodothingstheyotherwisecouldnot.”提到,這些非凡的能力并非天生,而是通過“刻意練習”來發展的,結合畫線詞下文可知,本段是通過RayAllen的例子佐證上文的說法,由此推知畫線詞所在句意為“我的一個佐證來自RayAllen,一個十次入選NBA全明星的球員”,testimonies意為“證據”。8.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.SecretofGreatTalentsB.BorntoStandOutC.ASurprisingDiscoveryD.StartWhenYoung答案A解析主旨大意題。結合第一段中的“Itwasanabilitynowweknowas‘perfectpitch’,anditseemedtobeanexampleofthemysteriousgiftsthatyounggeniuseshadbeenbornwith.Butisthatreallyso?”和最后一段中的“Deliberatepracticeisthegoldstandardforanyoneinanyfieldwhowishestobuildnewskillsandabilities.”可知,各個領域的專家似乎具有某種與生俱來的神秘能力,但作者通過研究發現,這些人都是通過“刻意練習”來發展他們的能力的,刻意練習是任何人在任何領域希望建立新的技能和能力的黃金標準,A項“偉大天賦的秘訣”為最佳標題。Passage3(2024陜西渭南二模)主題:研究新發現詞數:340難度:★★★☆☆Doyouwanttoensureyourchildhitstheirexpecteddevelopmentalmilestones?NewUBCresearchsuggestslivinginareaswithhighexposuretogreenspacecanhelpsetthemupforsuccess.Forthestudy,theresearchersatUBCanalyzedthedevelopmentalscoresof27,372childreninMetroVancouverwhoattendedkindergartenbetween2005and2011.Theyestimatedtheamountofgreenspacearoundeachchild’sresidencefrombirthtoagefive.Theyalsoassessedlevelsoftraffic-relatedairpollutionandcommunitynoise.Theresultshighlightthefundamentalimportanceofnaturalgreenspaceslikestreettrees,parksandcommunitygardens.“Mostofthechildrenweredoingwellintheirdevelopment,intermsoflanguageskills,cognitive(認知的)capacity,socializationandotheroutcomes,”saysIngridJarvis,aPhDcandidateinthedepartmentofforestandconservationsciencesatUBC.“Butwhat’sinterestingisthatthosechildrenlivinginaresidentiallocationwithmorevegetationandrichernaturalenvironmentsshowedbetteroveralldevelopmentthantheirpeerswithlessgreenspace.”Accordingtotheresearchers,thereasonforthisispartlygreenspaces’abilitytoreducetheharmfuleffectsofairpollutionandnoise-environmentalchallengesthathavebeenshowntoadversely(不利地)affectchildren’shealthanddevelopmentthroughincreasedstress,sleepdisturbancesandcentralnervoussystemdamage.“Fewstudieshaveinvestigatedthispathwaylinkinggreenspaceanddevelopmentaloutcomesamongchildren,”addsJarvis.TheresearchersassessedearlychildhooddevelopmentusingtheEarlyDevelopmentInstrument(EDI),asurveycompletedbykindergartenteachersforeachchild.Thetoolmeasuresachild’sabilitytomeetage-appropriatedevelopmentalexpectations.“Moreresearchisneeded,butourfindingssuggestthaturbanplanningeffortstoincreasegreenspaceinresidentialneighbourhoodsandaroundschoolsarebeneficialforearlychildhooddevelopment,withpotentialhealthbenefitsthroughoutlife,”saysthestudy’sseniorauthorMatildaBosch.“Timeinnaturecanbenefiteveryone,butifwewantourchildrentohaveagoodheadstart,it’simportanttoprovideanenrichingenvironmentthroughnaturecontact.”【語篇導讀】本文是一篇說明文。加拿大一所大學研究所開展的一項研究表明,居住地環境的綠地面積對孩子們的學業水平以及未來事業成功都起到了重要的作用,并且會影響他們的一生。9.Whichisakeyfactorintheresearchers’study?A.Thekids’scoresfromschoolexams.B.TheaverageIQscoreofthesubjects.C.Thegreenspacewherethekidslived.D.Theairpollutionlevelofthewholecity.答案C解析細節理解題。根據第二段可知,研究人員分析的關鍵數據之一就是這些孩子們居住地的綠地面積。故選C項。10.What’sthemessageimpliedinparagraph4?A.Airpollutionislargelytoblameforkids’failures.B.Kidslivinginanoisyareatendtofeelmorestressed.C.Pollutionharmskids’nervoussystemmorethannoise.D.Greenspaceisdirectlylinkedtokids’mentaldevelopment.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據第四段可知,居住地的噪聲會加大孩子們的心理壓力。故選B項。11.WhatdoesMatildaBoschstressinthelastparagraph?A.Theimportanceofnatureinkids’growth.B.Theroleofresearchinscientificwork.C.Theproperwayofgivingagoodstarttokids.D.Theurgencyofexpandinggreenspaceincities.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的“Timeinnaturecanbenefiteveryone,butifwewantourchildrentohaveagoodheadstart,it’simportanttoprovideanenrichingenvironmentthroughnaturecontact.”可知,MatildaBosch強調了大自然在孩子們的健康成長中所起到的重要作用。12.Whatcouldbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhatAretheHealthEffectsofNoisePollution?B.GreenSpaces:AGuaranteeforKids’FutureSuccessC.UrbanGreenSpaceandItsImpactonHumanHealthD.TimeinNatureAidsEarlyChildhoodDevelopment答案D解析主旨大意題。通讀全文可知,本文主要講加拿大一所大學研究所開展的一項研究表明,居住地環境的綠地面積對孩子們的學業水平以及未來事業成功都起到了重要的作用,并且會影響他們的一生。D項“大自然中的時間有助于兒童早期發展”符合題意。考點分類練(十二)主旨大意題(3)Passage1(2024湖南衡陽二模)主題:人工智能詞數:371難度:★★★☆☆Withartificialintelligence(AI)androbotictechnologyimprovingatimpressiverates,therearesomewhoworrythatthere’sariskofartisticandcreativepeoplebeingreplaced.AnewstudybytheKoreanInstituteofIndustrialTechnology,however,isshowingexactlywhythatcan’tandshouldn’thappen.ItallstartedwhentheSouthKoreancompanyposedthisquestion:Canrobotsreplaceconductors?Overayearago,worktodevelopautomaton(自動化)began.Atfirst,itwasdesignedlikeamachine,anddidn’tliveuptoexpectations.Thenthecompanysoughtwaystoimproveit.Intheend,itwasgiventwoarmswithjointstocopywristsandelbows,allowingittomoveasticksimilarlytohowahumanconductorwouldmoveit.ItwasnamedtheEveR6robot,andstandsat1.8meters.Itwasfinallytimetofigureouthowitcouldfollowthroughonitsmusicalrole.“Wegotinvolvedinthisprojecttoseehowfarrobotscangoinmorecreativefieldslikethearts,andwhatthechallengesare,”Dong-wookLee,aseniorresearcherattheKoreanInstituteofIndustrialTechnologysaid.Inordertopullthisoff,Dong-wookLeecooperatedwiththeBusanPhilharmonicOrchestra.The12-minutepiecetheyplannedtoperform,“Feel”byIl-hoonSon,wascreatedspecificallyforthisevent.ItwascreatedwiththestrengthsofbothEveR6andthehumanconductor,Soo-yeolChoi,inmind.Topulloffthisimpressiveperformance,therobotwaspreprogrammedtoconductthrough30cyclesofbeatpatterns.Meanwhile,itwasuptothehumanconductortoleadtheorchestraincreatinganimprovisational(即興的)score,addingdepthtotheotherwiseplannedpiece.Together,theypulledoffamasterfulperformancethattheaudienceseemedmorethanhappytohavehadtheopportunitytowitnessitfirst-hand!Withtheconcerthavinggonesowell,thisisonlythestartofEveR6.Still,nomattertheimprovementsthey’reabletomaketothisAndroidrobot,thehumanconductorisn’tconcernedaboutbeingreplaced.“Let’sleavetheaccuracytotherobots,”Soo-yeolChoisaid,“butthemusicalandartisticaspectstoahumanconductor.”【語篇導讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了隨著人工智能(AI)和機器人技術以驚人的速度發展,一些人擔心藝術和創意人才有被取代的風險。然而,韓國工業技術研究所(KoreanInstituteofIndustrialTechnology)的一項新研究恰恰說明了為什么這不能也不應該發生。1.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.ThefunctionoftheEveR6robot.B.ThedevelopmentoftheEveR6robot.C.TheEveR6robot’sroleasaconductor.D.ThedifficultyindesigningtheEveR6robot.答案B解析主旨大意題。根據文章第二段中的“Overayearago,worktodevelopautomaton...andstandsat1.8meters.”可知,第二段主要講述了EveR6機器人的研發過程。2.Whatcanbelearnedabout“Feel”?A.Itisapiecefamiliartotheaudience.B.Itisapieceshowingthehuman-robotcooperation.C.ItistheonlypiecethatEveR6willperform.D.Itisapiecerequiringgreatabilitytoconduct.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據文章第四段中的“The12-minutepiecetheyplannedtoperform,‘Feel’byIl-hoonSon,wascreatedspecificallyforthisevent.ItwascreatedwiththestrengthsofbothEveR6andthehumanconductor,Soo-yeolChoi,inmind”可推知,“Feel”是一個展示人機合作的作品。3.WhatroledidSoo-yeolChoiplayintheperformance?A.Hecorrectedtherobot’smistakes.B.HeprogrammedtheEveR6robot.C.Heledtheimprovisationalsectionoftheperformance.D.HewasthemainconductoroftheBusanPhilharmonicOrchestra.答案C解析細節理解題。根據文章第五段中的“Meanwhile,itwasuptothehumanconductortoleadtheorchestraincreatinganimprovisationalscore,addingdepthtotheotherwiseplannedpiece.”可知,他在表演中指揮演出的即興部分。4.WhatisSoo-yeolChoi’sattitudetowardsEveR6?A.Unclear. B.Uncaring.C.Supportive. D.Doubtful.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段“‘Let’sleavetheaccuracytotherobots,’Soo-yeolChoisaid,‘butthemusicalandartisticaspectstoahumanconductor.’可推知,Soo-yeolChoi對這個機器人持支持的態度。Passage2(2024山東棗莊二模)主題:聊天機器人詞數:312難度:★★★☆☆Evenifyouhaven’theldaconversationwithSiriorAlexa,you’velikelyencounteredachatbotonline.Theyoftenappearinachatwindowthatpopsupwithafriendlygreeting:Thankyouforvisitingoursite.HowcanIhelpyoutoday?Dependingonthesite,thechatbotisprogrammedtorespondaccordinglyandevenaskfollow-upquestions.ChatbotsareaformofconversationalAIdesignedtosimplifyhumaninteractionwithcomputers.Theyareprogrammedtosimulatehumanconversationandexhibitintelligentbehaviorthatisequivalenttothatofahuman.Chatbotscommunicatethroughspeechortext.Bothrelyonartificialintelligencetechnologieslikemachinelearningandnaturallanguageprocessing(NLP),whichisabranchofartificialintelligencethatteachesmachinestoread,analyzeandinterprethumanlanguage.Thistechnologygiveschatbotsabaselineforunderstandinglanguagestructureandmeaning.NLP,inessence,allowsthecomputertounderstandwhatyouareaskingandhowtoappropriatelyrespond.Withdevelopmentsindeeplearningandreinforcementlearning,chatbotscaninterpretmorecomplexitiesinlanguageandimprovethedynamicnatureofconversationbetweenhumansandmachine.Essentially,achatbottriestomatchwhatyou’veaskedtoanintentthatitunderstands.Themoreachatbotcommunicateswithyou,themoreitunderstandsandthemoreitlearnstocommunicatelikeyouandotherswithsimilarquestions.Yourpositiveresponsesreinforceitsanswers,andthenitusesthoseanswersagain.Fromcustomerservicechatbotsonlinetopersonalassistantsinourhomes,chat