全國英語等級考試四級(PETS4)歷年真題(三)

材料題

根據以下材料，回答題

Inadditiontotheestablishedenergysourcessuchasgas,coal,oiland

nuclear,thereareanumberofothersourcesthatweoughttoconsider.

Twoofthesearehydroelectricandtidalpower.

Thesetwosourcesare21inthattheyarebothrenewable.22,

hydropowerismorewidelyusedthantidal.In23,asubstantialamount

ofelectricityisalreadyproducedinHEP(hydroelectricpower)

stationsworldwide,24tidalstationsarestillintheveryearly25of

development.

Asfarasgeographical26isconcerned,HEPprojectsaretobefound

on.lakesandrivers,

whiletidal27areconstructedonlyatrivermouthswheretidal28is

great.Unfortunatelytheseare29innumber.AtpresentHEPstationsare

foundmainlyinNorway,Canada,SwedenandBrazil,

whereastidalplantsarein30inFrance,RussiaandChina.

Asregardscapital31,bothrequireveryhighinvestment.Ontheother

hand,generating32arequitelowinbothcases.Infact,alargescaleHEP

plantiscapableofproducingpowermore33than

conventionalsources,suchascoal,oilandnuclearplants.Tidalpower

alsocompares34withnuclearandoilgeneratedelectricity,35the

amountofmoneyonproduction.36HEPstations,

tidalconstructionshavealonglife37.Itisestimatedthattheycan

operateforover100years.Withrespectto38ofsupply,tidal

stations39fromHEPonesinthattheyoftencanonlysupplypower

40.HEPstations,however,provideaconstantsupplyofelectdcity.

1［單選題］

A.compatible

B.parallel

C.similar

0.identical

正確答案：C

參考解析：

C【精析】compatible兼容的;parallel平行的;similar類似的;

identical完全相同的，一模一樣的;similar常與介詞in連用表示在

某方面相似，這里表示水力電能和潮汐能的相似之處在于兩者都可再

生,故選

co

2［單選題］

A.Furthermore

B.However

C.Hence

0.Otherwise

正確答案：B

參考解析：

B【精析】furthermore止匕夕卜,而且;however然而，不過;hence

因此，由此；otherwise否則，不然。前一句說明兩種能源具有相似

性，后一句說明水力電能比潮汐能的使用范圍更廣，由此可知兩句話

之間屬于轉折關系，故選

Bo

3［單選題］

A.addition

B.brief

C.generN

D.fact

正確答案：D

參考解析：

D【精析】inaddition另外；inbrief簡言之;ingeneral大體上;

infact事實上。該句告訴我們，水力發電站已經為人們提供了大量

電能，而潮汐電站的建設仍然處于最初階段，這是對前一句的解釋，

故選D。

4［單選題］

A.provided

B.since

C.whereas

0.though

正確答案：C

參考解析：

C【精析】provided可作連詞表示假如；since既然；whereas（用以

比較或對比兩個事實）然而，但是，盡管；though雖然。這里對水力

發電站和潮汐電站的發展進行了對比，故選

Co

5［單選題］

A.stages

B.periods

C.years

0.sessions

正確答案：A

參考解析：

A【精析】inmeearlystages意為"處于早期，在最初階段"，是

固定搭配，故選

Ao

6［單選題］

A.location

B.position

C.situation

0.condition

正確答案：B

參考解析：

B【精析】本句是從地理位置上來說明水電站和潮汐電站的不同之處，

故排除C和D項。location和position都有"方位、位置"的意思，

但是location強調具體的位置，例如住址,position表示籠統意義

上的"位置、方位"，指人或物相對于其他人或物的方位關系，本句

表示的是籠統意義上的兩種電站的地理位置，故選

Bo

7［單選題］

A.patterns

B.designs

C.plans

0.schemes

正確答案：C

參考解析：

C【精析】paRem圖案;design設計圖樣;plan規戈I」;scheme方

案。這里指的是為潮汐電站做出規劃，排除A和B項。雖然plan和

scheme都有計劃、方案的意思，但是plan還有"規劃”的意思，

即在某事真正進行之前已經詳細考慮了實施步驟，故選

Co

8［單選題］

A.variation

B.balance

C.frequency

0.stability

正確答案：C

參考解析：

C【精析】variation變化；balance平衡frequency頻率;stability

穩定。這里指的是潮汐電站只能規劃建于潮汐發生頻率高的河流入口

處，故選C。

9［單選題］

A.small

B.few

C.rare

0.scarce

正確答案：A

參考解析：

A【精析】這里指的是潮汐發生頻率高的河流入口處的數量很少；四

個選項中只有small可以修飾number,表示數量少，故選A。

10［單選題］

A.operation

B.production

C.procession

D.action

正確答案：A

參考解析：

A【精析】inoperation工作中，使用中;inproduction投入生產;

inprocession列隊行進;inaction在運轉，在操作。該句講的是,

只有法國、俄羅斯和中國在使用潮汐電站，故選A。

11［單選題］

Appending

B.planning

C.financing

0.saving

正確答案：A

參考解析：

A【精析】spending開支;planning規劃過程;financing融資;

節省。此處表示的是兩種電站的運轉都需要大的花銷故選

savingAo

12［單選題］

A.expenditures

B.benefits

C.costs

0.profits

正確答案：D

參考解析：

D【精析】expenditure花費;benefit益處;cost成本;profit利

潤。根據旬意，兩種電站產生的利潤都很低，故選擇

Do

13［單選題］

A.expensively

B.consistently

C.periodically

0.cheaply

正確答案：D

參考解析：

D【精析】expensively昂貴地;consistently持續地;periodically

周期性地；cheaply便宜地。該句及下一句說明這兩種新能源電站與

傳統能源電站相比所具有的優越性，即耗費的成本低，故選

Do

14［單選題］

A.conveniently

B.beneficially

C.advantageously

0.favorably

正確答案：D

參考解析：

D【精析】conveniently方便地；beneficially受益地；

advantageously有禾I」地;favorably有利地。在資金產出方面，潮

汐電站與核電站及石油電站相比要具有優勢，故排除A項。雖然與

其余三個詞的含義相似，但是favorably具有幾種事物相對比某事居

上的含義，符合文意，故選D。

15［單選題］

A.onaccountof

B.intermsof

C.regardlessof

D.inspiteof

正確答案：B

參考解析：

B【精析】Onaccountof由于，因為;interms0f就...而論，在...

方面；regardlessof不管，不顧；inspiteof不管。這里指的是在

資金產出方面，潮汐電站與核電站及石油電站相比要具有優勢，故選

B。

16［單選題］

A.Uke

B.Except

C.Regarding

D.With

正確答案：A

參考解析：

A【精析】like像…一樣;except除.之外regarding關于^A/ithprep.

和…在一起。下一句說，據估計水力電站和潮汐電站能夠運行100多

年，因此這里指的是像水力電站一樣，潮汐電站也有。很長壽命，故

選

Ao

17［單選題］

A.application

B.endurance

C.expectancy

0.extension

正確答案：C

參考解析：

C【精析】application申請；endurance忍而寸力expectancy預期；

extension延伸。這里指的是兩種電站存在的時間很長,

lifeexpectancy意為"預期壽命，預計存在（持續）的期限"，為固定

搭配，故選C。

18［單選題］

A.concentration

B.continuity

C.conformity

0.conductivity

正確答案：B

參考解析：

B【精析】concert乜afion集中;continuity連續性；conformity（對

社會規則的）遵從；conductivityn.導電性。最后一句說水力電站能

夠持續供電，而且出現了"however”,表示轉折，由此可以判斷這

句的句意與此相反，講的是潮汐電站與水力電站在供電的連續性方面

的不同之處，故選

Bo

19［單選題］

A.develop

B.differ

C.depart

D.derive

正確答案：B

參考解析：

B【精析】developfrom由…發展而來;differfrom不同于...;

dcpartfrom違反，背離（常規）;derivefrom起源于。這里講的是水

力電站與潮汐電站在供電的持續性方面的不同之處，故選

Bo

20［單選題］

A.interchangeably

B.immediately

C.intermittently

0.intensively

正確答案：C

參考解析：

C【精析】interchangeably可交換地；immediately立即;intermi

仕enfly間歇地;intensively強烈地。水力電站可以持續供電，而潮

汐電站不同于水力電站，潮汐電站不能持續供電，只能間隙性供電,

故選C。

材料題

根據以下材料，回答21-21題

Inflationhasjustexploded.Therealproblemisthatwehavean

underlyingrateofinflation-animpetusofwageschasingprices-of

maybe9percentthatisheadingtowards10percent.Therealsohave

beentremendousshocksinenergy,foodandhousingprices,makingit

worse.

Bytheendoftheyear,wewillbeinasituationwhereyearin,yearout,

wecanlookfoinvardtoatleast10percentinflation.Andthequestion

willbe:Howmuchworsewilloil,foodandhousingprices

makethat?

Thesituationhasdegeneratedtothepointthattheonlywaytoturnit

aroundistothinkofsomeveryextremechangesinpolicy.Apolicyof

gradualism,whereyou'retalkingaboutamildrecession

andanother1to2millionpeopleunemployed,won'tmakemuch

difference.Postponingactionjustmeansthatinflationpressesfurther

andisevenmoredifficulttodealwith.

Youhavetostartwithrevenueandmonetaryrestraint.Alltheburden

nowisonmonetarypoli-cy.Weshouldshifttoamuchmorerestrictive

revenuepolicyandaneasiermonetarypolicy,tobesignificantthe1981

budgetshouldbecutbyatleast20billiondollarsfrom616billion

Presidentcarterproposed.That'samajorcutingovernment

programs--andveryhardtodo.It'simpossibleifyousavedefenseandall

theprogramsindexedforchangesinthecostofliving.

soitmeanscutsacrosstheboardineveryarea-includingtheindexed

programs,suchasso-cialSecurityandfoodstamps.Stateand

local-governmentrevenue-sharingprogramsareanotherma-jor

candidate.You'vealsogottoreopenthe1980budgetandcutthat.

ThenIwouldfavorwageandpricecontrolstobreaktheimpetusofthe

wage-priceinteraction.Inordertogetquickresults,I'dsetthestandard

around5or6percentforbothwagesandprices.Basically,you'reaiming

tocuttherateofinflationinhalfthefirstyear.Therewould

benoexceptions,butyouwouldfocusonlargecorporationsandmajor

laborsettlements.

Forthespecialsectorswherethebigshockshaveoccurred,controls

won'twork.Insteadzyouneedadditionalpoliciesineachoneofthose

areas.

Therearenocheaporeasysolutionstotheinflationproblem.My

answeristotakeallthethingsthateverybodywantstodo,andinsteadof

choosingamongthem,doallofthem.We'vegottothink

intermsofacomprehensiveprogram.

21［單選題］Intheauthor'sopinion.thehighinflationratein

theUSwasaccompaniedby

A.energycrises.

B.mountingwages.

C.housingshortage.

0.shrinkingmarket.

正確答案：B

參考解析：

B.【精析】該題為細節題。根據第一段第二句

“Therealproblemisthatwehaveanunderlyingrateofinflati

on-animpetusofwageschasingprices-ofmaybe9percentth

atisheadingtowardsIOpercent.,/可以看出，我們國家存在一種

潛在的通貨膨脹率,而這種潛在的通貨膨脹率以工資追趕物價的形式

表現出來。這說明隨著物價不斷上漲，工資也不斷上漲，由此可知，

高通貨膨脹率伴隨工資上漲而來。故選

Bo

22［單選題］Theonlywaytoreversetheworseningsituation

seemstobe

A.apolicyofgradualism.

B.sacrificeofpublicinterests.

C.radicalchangesofpolicy.

0.postponingofdrasticactions.

正確答案：C

參考解析：

C【精析】該題為細節題。根據第三段第一句

“Thesituationhasdegeneratedtothepointthattheonlywa

ytoturnitaroundistothinkofsomeveryextremechangesin

policy."可以看出通貨膨脹的情況已經相當惡化，采取某些極為激

進的政策是扭轉局勢的唯一方式；C項中的"radical"意為''激進的"，

故選C。

23［單選題］WeCanlearnfromthefourthparagraphthat

A.asubstantialcutinannualrevenueiscalledfor.

B.defenseandsocialwelfareprogramsshouldundergocuts.

C.weshouldleaveintactprogramsforbetteringpeople'sliving.

D.weshouldexerciselesscontrolovermonetarypohcy.

正確答案：A

參考解析：

A【精析】該題為細節題。根據第四段第四句"tobesignificant,

the1981budgetshouldbecutbyatleast20billiondollarsfro

m616billionPresidentCarterproposed.H可以看出，為了顯著改

善通貨膨脹情況J981年卡特總統提議的6160億的政府預算應該至

少減少200億，即應該大量減少稅收來改善通貨膨脹情況，故A項

符合文意；根據第四段最后一句"止’

simpossibleifyousavedefenseandalltheprogramsindexed

forchangesintheCostofliving.,z可以看出，我們不可能通過減

少國防投入和節省改善大眾生活條件項目的資金來減少政府預算，故

B項的表述錯誤；第四段沒有關于如何改善人民生活的表述，故不選

擇C項；根據第四段第一句

“Youhavetostartwithrevenueandmonetaryrestraint."可以

看出，為了控制通貨膨脹，我們應該增強對稅收及貨幣政策的限制，

而D項的表述與文意相反，故不選擇D項。

24［單選題］Thephrase"specialsectors"(lineI,paragraph

7)mostprobablyrefersto

A.energy,foodandhousing.

B.indexedprograms.

C.socialsecurityandfoodstamps.

D.largecorporationsandlaborsettlements.

正確答案：A

參考解析：

A【精析】該題為釋義題。第七段第一句

“Forthespecialsectorswherethebigshockshaveoccurred...,z

告訴我們，這些特殊行業已經受到了通貨膨脹的巨大影響，而且根據

第一段最后一句

"Therealsohavebeentremendousshocksinenergy,

foodandhousingprices,makingitworse.”可以看出,能源、

食品及住房價格已經發生了巨大震蕩，這使得通貨膨脹更加糟糕；綜

合以上兩方面的因素，故選

Ao

25［單選題］Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.ThedefectofUSmonetarysystem.

B.Thecausesofever-worseninginflationintheUS.

C.ProspectsfortheUSeconomicsituation.

D.AcomprehensivesettlementofinflationintheUS.

正確答案：D

參考解析：

D【精析】該題為主旨題。全文主要是講如何應對美國的通貨膨脹，

而且文章最后一句話"We'

vegottothinkintermsofacomprehensiveprogram.H說明采

取全面綜合的措施來應對通貨膨脹，這篇文章主要講的是如何全面綜

合的應對美國的通貨膨脹，故選

Do

材料題

根據以下材料，回答26-26題

ForcenturiesthemostvaluableofAfricanresourcesforEuropeanswere

theslaves,butthesecouldbeobtainedatcoastalports,withoutany

needforgoingdeepinland.Slaveryhadbeenanestablishedinstitutionin

Africa.Prisonersofwarhadbeenenslaved,aswerealsodebtors

andindividualsguiltyofseriouscrimes.Buttheseslavesusuallywere

treatedaspartofthefamily.Theyhadclearlydefinedrights,andtheir

slavestatuswasnotnecessarilyinherited.Thereforeitiscommonly

arguedthatAfrica'straditionalslaverywasmildcomparedtothe

trans-AtlanticslavetradeorganizedbytheEuropeans.Thisargument,

however,canbecarriedtoofar.Inthemostrecentstudyofthissubject,

somescholarswarnedagainsttheillusionthat"crueland

dehumanizingenslavementwasamonopolyoftheWest.Slaveryinits

extremeforms,includingthetakingoflife,wascommontobothAfrica

andtheWest.ThefactthatAfricanslaveryhaddifferentorigins

andconsequencesshouldnotleadustodenywhatitwas-the

exploitationandcontrolofhumanbeings."Neithercanitbedeniedthat

thewholesaleshipmentofAfricanstotheslaveplantationsofthe

AmericaswasmadepossiblebytheparticipationofAfricanchiefswho

roundeduptheirfellowAfricansandsoldthemasahandsomeprofitto

Europeanshipcaptainswaitingalongthecoasts.Grantingallthis,thefact

remainsthatthetrans-AtlanticslavetradeconductedbytheEuropeans

wasentirelydifferentinquantityandqualityfromthetraditionaltypeof

slaverythathadexistedwithinAfrica.FromthebeginningtheEuropean

varietywasprimarilyaneconomicinstitutionratherthansocial,asithad

beeninAfrica.Westernslavetradersandslaveownerswereactedonby

purelyeconomicconsiderations,andwerequitereadytoworktheir

slavestodeathifitwasmoreprofitabletodosothantotreatthemmore

mercifully.ThisinhumanitywasreinforcedbyracismwhentheEuropeans

becameinvolvedintheAfricanslavetradeonalargescale.Perhapsasa

subconsciousrationalizationtheygraduallycametolookdownon

Negroesasinherentlyinferior,andthereforedestinedtoservetheir

whitemasters.Rationalizationalsomayhavebeeninvolvedinthe

Europeans'useofreligiontojustifythetrafficinhumanbeings.Itwas

argued,forinstance,thatenslavementassuredtheconversionofthe

Africanevil-believingreligionstothetruefaithaswellastocivilization.

26［單選題］Inthefirstparagraph.theauthorarguesthat

A.theEuropeanswereinnocentinthetradeofAfricanslaves.

B.slaveryinAfricaandintheWestwasthesameinnature.

C.theviewinthemostrecentstudiesofenslavementisbaseless.

0.slaveshadbeentreatedevenmorecruellyintheAfricantradition.

正確答案：B

參考解析：

B【精析】該題為細節題。根據第一段倒數第二句

“ThefactthatAf-ricanslaveryhaddifferentoriginsandcons

equencesshouldnotleadUStodenywhatitwas-theexploita

tionandcontrolofhumanbeings."我們知道，盡管非洲當地的

奴隸制度與歐洲的奴隸制度有著不同的起源和不同的結果，但是我們

應該承認其本質仍然是對人類的剝削和控制，因此非洲及西方國家的

奴隸制度在本質上是相同的，故選擇B項。

27［單選題］WhichofthefollowingwastrueofthelocalAfrican

slavery?

A.Slavesmighthavetheirownfamilies.

B.Thesonofaslavemightnotbeaslave.

C.Slaverywasconfinedtothecoastalregions.

D.TherewasnokillinginAfricanslavery.

正確答案：B

參考解析：

B【精析】該題為細節題。文中并未提到選項A表述的內容；根據第

一段第五句"Theyhadclearlydefinedrights,

andtheftslavestatuswasnotnecessarilyinherited."我們知道,

非洲當地的奴隸擁有明確的權利，而且他們的奴隸身份不一定是世襲

的，因此，我們可以判斷出，奴隸的下一代不一定還是奴隸，B項正

確；第二段第一句

“ForcenturiesthemostvaluableofAfricanresourcesforEur

0opeanswerethesalves,

butthesecouldbeobtainedatcoastalports,

withoutanyneedforgoingdeepinland.“告們,運往歐洲

的奴隸來自于海港地區，并沒有指出非洲本地的奴隸制度只限于海港

地區，故C項的表述是錯誤的；根據第一段倒數第三句

HSlav.eryinitsextremeforms,includingdietakingoflife,

wascommontobothAfricaandtheWest."我們知道,屠殺奴隸

的事件在非洲和西方國家都有發生，故D項的表述是錯誤的。

28［單選題］Thesentence"Thisargument...Canbecarriedtoo

far"impliesthat

A.African/straditionalslaverywasinhumane.

B.theslaveryinAfricawasconfinedtosomeregions.

C.supportersofthisargumentknewlittleofAfrica.

D.slaveshipmentwasnotsoseriousaswasimagined.

正確答案：A

參考解析：

A【精析】該題為推理題。問題中的"argument"指的是第一段第

六句"ThereforeitiscommonlyarguedthatAfrica;

straditionalslaverywasmildcomparedtothetranS一

AtlanticslavetradeorganizedbytheEuropeans.,z即人彳門普遍認

為，相對于歐洲人組織的跨大西洋的奴隸貿易來說，非洲傳統的奴隸

制度要溫和一些，接下來

"Thisarguomerit,however,

callbecardedtoofar."即作者認為該觀點有失偏頗。根據46題我

們知道非洲的奴隸制度與歐洲的奴隸制度本質上都是一致的，因此非

洲的奴隸制度同樣是不人道的，故選擇A項。

29［單選題］Suppoaersoftherationalizationofslaverybelieve

thatthetrade

A.wasoutofgoodintentsfromthebeginning.

B.helpedthedevelopmentoflocalreligion.

C.wasahelpforcivilizingtheAfricans.

D.drovetheevilsoutoftheAfricanreligions.

正確答案：C

參考解析：

C【精析】該題為細節題。根據第二段第三句

"Westernslavetradersandslaveownerswereactedonbypu

relyeconomicconsiderations..Z1我們知道，西方的奴隸貿易者及

蓄奴者只是出于經濟方面的考慮才進行奴隸貿易的，并不意味著出于

好意，即"goodintents",故A項錯誤;根據第二段最后一句

“Itwasargued,forinstance,

thatenslavementassuredtheconversionoftheAfricanevil-b

elievingreligionstothetruefaithaswellastocivilization.我

們知道，"合理化”觀點的支持者認為蓄奴使非洲信仰邪惡的宗教轉

變為真正的信仰及文明，但是，并沒有指出蓄奴促進了非洲宗教的發

展，故B項錯誤，同時可知C項正確；文中沒有D項表述的意思。

30［單選題］Therelationbetweenthetwoparagraphsisthatin

the2ndparagraphtheauthor

A.challengestheviewpointinthe1stparagraph.

B.modifieshisviewexpressedinthe1stparagraph.

C.providesthereasonfortheargumentinthe1stparagraph.

0.furtheranalyzestheissuediscussedinthe1stparagraph.

正確答案：A

參考解析：

A【精析】該題為推理題。根據第二段第一句"Grantingallthis,

thefactremainsthatthetrans-Atlanticslavetradeconducted

bytheEu-ropeansWasentirelydifferentinquantityandquali

哆

fromthetraditionaltypeofslaverythathadexistedwithinAfr

ica."可知，作者表示雖然第一段認為非洲本地的奴隸制度與歐洲的

奴隸制度本質上是一致的，但是歐洲組織的奴隸貿易在數量上和質量

上都完全不同于非洲傳統的奴隸制度，接下來作者主要講述了歐洲奴

隸制度的特點。因此，第二段對第一段觀點提出了質疑，故選擇A

項。

材料題

根據以下材料，回答31-31.題

AsWestNileviruscreepstowardCalifornia,anunlikelywarriorcould

providethef'n-stlineofdefense:thechicken.Thefamiliarfowlmake

irresistibletargetsformosquitoes.Unlikecrows,chickensdon'tgetsick

fromWestNile.Buttheydoproducetelltaleantibodiestothevirus,so

intestcoopsscatteredacrossthestate,morethan2000"sentinel

chickens"submittofrequentbloodtests.Whenantibodiesdoturnup,

Californiahealthofficialswillknowthattheinevitablehasoccurred:the

WestNileepidemicwillhavesweptthecountry.

Lastweekalone,morethan100newhumancasesofWestNilewere

reported.TheviruswasdetectedasfarwestasColoradoandWyoming,

infecting371andkilling16peoplein20statesplustheDistrictof

Columbia.ThisyearWestNileappearedearlierinthemosquito

season--mid-JuneinsteadofAugust-andclaimedyoungervictims;the

averageagedroppedfrom65to54.Federalhealthofficialsarestilltrying

tofigureoutwhy,butsaytheymaybefindingmoreWestNileprecisely

becausethey'reonthelookoutforit.AsDr.JulieGerberding,thenew

directoroftheCentersforDiseaseControl(CDC),recentlytoldreporters,

"We'renotincrisismode."

WhenWestNilehitNewYorkCityin1999,theCDCrealizeditwasa

victimofitsownsuc-cess.Becausehealthofficialshadconqueredmost

mosquito-bornediseasesdecadesago,manystatesabolishedtheir

mosquito-controlprograms.TheFedsrushedinwithfunds-some$50

millionsince1999,plus$31millionmorethisyearalone-totraininsect

researchers,setupstatetestinglabsandkillofftheannoyinginsects.

TheCDCestablishedanewcomputermonitoringsystemandheld

strategysessionswithstateofficials.

someepidemiologistsquestionthefocusandthemillionslavishedona

virusthat'skilledfewerthan20."There'sanepidemicingunviolence

that'stakingmorelivesthanWestNilevirus,"saysDr.WilliamSteinmann,

directoroftheTulanceCenterforClinicalEffectivenessand

Prevention.ButtheFedssaytheireffortshavekeptWestNilefromdoing

farmoredamage."We'rebasicallybuildingtheinfrastructuretodealwith

thisoverthenext50yearsj'saysDr.LylePeterson,aCDCep-idemiologist.

"Thisisheretostay."

sofar,therearenoremediesforWestNile.Officialseventuallyexpectthe

virustosettleintoaquietpatternofmildinfectionswithoccasional

outbreaks,todobattleathome,theCDCrecommendseliminating

standingwaterandusinginsectspraywithDEET-simpleprecautions,but

thebestdefenseagainstaninvaderthatshowsnosignsofgoingaway.

31［單選題］InCaliforniascientistsusechickento

A.sweepawaytheWestNileepidemic.

B.produceantibodiestoWestNilevirus.

C.fightagainstthespreadofWestNilevirus.

0.monitorthepresenceoftheWestNilevirus.

正確答案：D

參考解析：

D【精析】該題為細節題。根據第一段第三旬至第五句"Unlikecrows,

chickensdon'

tgetsickfromWestNile.Buttheydoproducetelltaleantibodi

estothevirus.sointestcoopSscatteredacrossthestate,

morethan2000'sentinelchickens7

submittofrequentbloodtests."我們知道，和烏鴉不一樣，雞不

會染上西尼羅河病毒，但是雞會產生一種抗體，這種抗體能夠讓人們

詳細了解西尼羅河病毒，因此，全州有2000多只"哨兵雞”在接受

頻繁的血液檢查。因此，我們可以判斷出，加利福尼亞州的科學家對

雞進行血液檢查是為了檢查雞有沒有產生西尼羅河病毒抗體，即檢測

西尼羅河病毒存在與否，故選擇D項。

32［單選題］AccordingtoFederalhealthofficials,thefactthat

moreWestNilecaseshavebeenreportedindicatesthat

A.morestatesareaffected.

B.theaverageagedroppeddrastically.

C.healthofficialsaremorealerttothedisease.

D.theepidemicseasonbeganamonthearlier.

正確答案：C

參考解析：

C【精析】該題為細節題。第二段第四句

“Federalhealthofficialsarestilltryingtofigureoutwhy,

butsaytheymaybefindingmoreWestNilepreciselybecause

they'reonthelookoutforit.n中的

"beonthelookoutforsomething"意為"注意，留心,警戒”,

由此我們知道，聯邦公共衛生官員仍然在尋找病毒蔓延的原因，但是

認為因為他們對病毒的警惕性高，因此才可能會發現更多的感染者。

故只有c項的表述正確。

33［單選題］CDCconsideredtheoutbreakofWestNilein1999

asaconsequenceof

A.theabolitionofthemosquito—controlprograms.

B.thesurvivingmosquito—borneinfections.

C.theabuseofsome$50millioninfunds.

D.itsfailuretoconquermosquito—bornediseases.

正確答案：A

參考解析：

A【精析】該題為細節題。根據第三段第一句和第二句

"WhenWestNilehitNewYorkCityin1999,

theCDCrealizeditwasavictimofitsownsuccess.Becausehe

althofficialshadconqueredmostmos一

quito-bornediseasesdecadesago,

manystatesabolishedtheirmos-quito-controlprograms.,,我

們知道，1999年西尼羅河病毒在紐約大規模傳播，疾病控制中心的

官員意識到，紐約成為其成功的犧牲品，因為幾十年前，公共衛生官

員已經攻克了以蚊子為傳染源的疫病，所以很多州廢除了蚊子控制項

目，故選擇A項。

34［單選題］FedsclaimedthattheirspendingonWestNile

controlwas

A.worthwhileinthelongrun.

B.liabletocontinueregardlessofthegreatcost.

C.boundtosettletheproblemonceandforall.

0.wastefulinviewofthefewvictimsofthedisease.

正確答案：A

參考解析：

A【精析】該題為推理題。根據第四段第三句和第四句

“ButtheFedssaytheireffortshavekeptWestNilefromdoin

gfarmoredamage.'We'

rebasicallybuildingtheinfrastructuretodealwiththisovert

henext50years,'saysDr.LylePeterson,

aCDCepidemiologist."我們知道，聯邦調查局認為他們所做出的

努力防止了西尼羅河病毒造成更大的損失,而且他們正在建設基礎設

施為未來50年的病毒預防做出準備，因此，我們可以推斷出，聯邦

政府認為他們為預防病毒蔓延所作出的努力在長遠來說是值得的，故

A項正確；文中沒有提到聯邦調杳局可能會繼續為控制西尼羅河病毒

投入資金以及將會徹底解決西尼羅河病毒蔓延事件，故不選擇8、C

項；D項是流行病學家而非聯邦調查局的觀點，故不選。

35［單選題］WhichofthefollowingwouldCDCmostprobably

recommend?

A.Healthweighsmorethanwealth.

B.Preventionisbetterthancure

C.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.

D.Betterlatethannever.

正確答案：B

參考解析：

B【精析】該題為推理題。根據最后一段第三句"t。dobattleathome,

theCDCrecommendseliminatingstandingwaterandusingin

sectspraywithDEET--simpleprecautions,

butthebestdefensea_gainstaninvaderthatshowsnosigns

ofgoingaway."我們知道，為了消滅家里的病毒，疾病控制中心的

官員建議消除死水及使用驅蚊露噴霧殺蟲劑，這只是一些簡單的預防

措施，但卻是對付西尼羅河病毒的最好的方式，故選擇B項。

材料題

根據以下材料，回答36-36題

JillKerConway,presidentofSmith,echoestheprevailingviewof

contemporarytechnologywhenshesaysthat"anyoneintoday'sworld

whodoesn'tunderstanddataprocessingisnoteducated."Butsheinsists

thattheincreasingemphasisonthesemattersleavecertaingaps.Says

she:"Theverystronglyutilitarianemphasisineducation,whichisan

effectofman-madesatellitesandthecoldwar,hasreallyremovedfrom

thisculturesomethingthatwasveryprofoundinits18thandl9th

centuryroots,whichwasasensethatliteracyandlearningwereendsin

themselvesforademocraticrepublic."

IncontrasttoPlato'sclaimforthesocialvalueofeducation,aquite

differentideaofintellectu-alpurposeswasadvocatedbythe

Renaissancehumanists.Overjoyedwiththeirrediscoveryoftheclassical

learningthatwasthoughttohavedisappearedduringtheDarkAges,

theyarguedthattheimpartingofknowledgeneedsno

justification-religious,social,economic,orpolitical.Itspurpose,tothe

extentthatithasone,istopassonfromgenerationtogenerationthe

corpusofknowledgethatconstitutescivilization."Whatcouldman

acquire,byvirtuousstriving,thatismorevaluablethanknowledge?"

askedErasmus,perhapsthegreatestscholaroftheearly16thcentury.

Thatideahasacquiredatraditionofitsown."Theeducationalprocess

hasnoendbeyonditself/'saidJohnDewey."Itisitsownend."

Butwhatexactlyisthecorpusofknowledgetobepassedon?Insimpler

times,itwasallincludedinthemedievaluniversities'Quadrivium

(arithmetic,geometry,astronomy,music)andTrivium(grammar,

rhetoricjogic).Asrecentlyasthelastcentury,whenlessthan5%of

Americanswenttocollegeatall,studentsinNewEnglandestablishments

werecompelledmainlytomemorizeandrecitevariousLatintexts,and

crustyprofessorsangrilyopposedtheintroductionofanynewscientific

discoveriesormodemEuropeanlanguages."Theyfelt,"saidregretfully

CharlesFrancisAdams,Jr.,theUnionPacificRailroadpresidentwho

devotedhislateryearstowritinghistory,"thataclassicaleducationwas

theimportantdistinctionbetweenamanwhohadbeentocollegeanda

manwhohadnotbeentocollege,andthatanythingthatdiminishedthe

importanceofthisdistinctionwasessentiallyrevolutionaryandtendedto

anarchy."

36［單選題］ThefirstparagraphshowsthatJillKerConway

acceptsutilitarianemphasisineducation

A.wholeheartedly.

B.withreservation.

C.againstoherownwill.

D.withcontempt.

正確答案：B

參考解析：

B【精析】該題為推理題。根據第一段第二句

“Butsheinsiststhattheincreasingemphasisonthesematter

sleavecertaingaps."我們知道，雖然吉爾?克爾?康維支持實用主義

教育，但是她認為實用主義教育仍然有一些欠缺，故選擇B項。

37［單選題］Educationforeducalion7ssakewasprobably

opposedby

A.scholarsintheRenaissanceperiod.

BJillKerConway.

C.scholarsintheDarkAges.

D.Plato.

正確答案：D