國際貿易專業英語（商務詞匯匯總）目錄：一、進出口貿易詞匯…………………第2頁二、貿易價格術語……第5頁三、貿易保險、國際組織術語………第8頁四、貿易價格術語……第11頁五、貿易伙伴術語……第14頁六、數量條件與外匯術語……………第16頁一、進出口貿易詞匯1.commercetheactivityofbuyingandselling,especiallyonalargescale貿易

2.ExportDeclarationAformtobecompletedbytheexporterortheirauthorizedagentandfiledintriplicatebyacarrierwiththeUnitedStateCollectorofcustomsatthepointofexit.出口申報單3.importtobringorcarryinfromanoutsidesource,especiallytobringin(goodsormaterials)fromaforeigncountryfortradeorsale進口

4.importlicenceAcertificate,issuedbycountriesexercisingimportcontrols,thatpermitsimportationofthearticlesstatedinthelicense.Theissuanceofsuchapermitfrequentlyisconnectedwiththereleaseofforeignexchangeneededtopayfortheshipmentforwhichtheimportlicensehasbeenrequested.進口許口證

5.exportlicenceAdocumentsecuredfromagovernment,authorizinganexportertoexportaspecificquantityofaparticularcommoditytoacertaincountry.Anexportlicenseisoftenrequiredifagovernmenthasplaceembargoesorotherrestrictionsuponexports.SeeGeneralExportLicense.出口許口證

6.inquiryanactofaskingforinformation詢盤7.deliveryanitemoritemsdeliveredonaparticularoccasion.交貨

8.orderathingmade,supplied,orservedasaresultofsucharequest訂貨9.BillofLadingAdocumentthatestablishesthetermsofacontractbetweenashipperandatransportationcompanyunderwhichfreightistobemovedbetweenspecifiedpointsforaspecifiedcharge.Usuallypreparedbytheshipperonformsissuedbythecarrier,itservesasadocumentoftitle,contractofcarriage,andareceiptforgoods.AlsoseeAirWaybillandOceanBillofLading.提單

10.EndorsementinBlankCommonlyusedonabankcheck,anendorsementinblankisanendorsementtothebearer.Itcontainsonlythenameoftheendorserandspecifiesnoparticularpayee.Also,acommonmeansofendorsingbillsofladingdawntotheorderoftheshipper.Thebillsareendorsed"For..."(seeBillofLading,Order).空白背書

11.endorsedsign(achequeorbillofexchange)onthebacktomakeitpayabletosomeoneotherthanthestatedpayeeortoacceptresponsibilityforpayingit背書

12.cargoreceiptIsareceiptofcargoforshipmentbyaconsolidator(usedinoceanfreight).承運貨品收據

13.catalogueapublicationcontainingdetailsandoftenphotographsofitemsforsale商品目錄

14.RedClauseLetterofCreditAletterofcreditthatallowstheexportertoreceiveapercentageofthefacevalueoftheletterofcreditinadvanceofshipment.Thisenablestheexportertopurchaseinventoryandpayothercostsassociatedwithproducingandpreparingtheexportorder.紅條款信用證15.exportsubsidyAneconomicbenefitgrantedbyagovernmenttoproducersofgoodsorservices,oftentostrengthentheircompetitiveposition.出口津貼16.favorablebalanceoftradeWhencountriesexportmorethantheyimport,theyaresaidtohaveafavorablebalanceoftrade.

貿易順差17.unfavorablebalanceoftradeWhentheyimportmorethantheyexport,anunfavorablebalanceoftradeexits.

貿易逆差18.freetradezoneAportdesignatedbythegovernmentofacountryforduty-freeentryofanynon-prohibitedgoods.Merchandisemaybestored,displayed,usedformanufacturing,withinthezoneandre-exportedwithoutdutiesbeingpaid.Dutiesareimposedonthemerchandise(oritemsmanufacturedfromthemerchandise)onlywhenthegoodspassfromthezoneintoanareaofthecountrysubjecttotheCustomsAuthority.自由貿易區19.most-favorednationtreatment（MFNT）Thelistofacountry'simportdutiesiscalledatariffschedule.Asingletariffscheduleappliestoallgoods,nomatterwhattheircountryoforigin.Adoubleormulticolumnscheduleprovidesfordifferingratesdependingonthecountryoforigin.Mostmoderntradeagreementsaremadeonthebasisofwhatiscalledmost-favored-nationtreatment.最惠國待遇20.GeneralAverageWhendamagetocargoonboardavesselexceedscarrier'sinsurance,carrierwillreleasecargoonlywithanacceptanceagreementtoclaimonlyageneralpercentageofallthedamagesustained.共同海損21.CommercialInvoiceAnitemizedlistofgoodsshipped,usuallyincludedamonganexporter'scollectionpapers.商業發票22.OceanbillsofladingAreceiptforcargointransit,andacontractbetweentheexporterandanoceancarrierfortransportationanddeliveryofgoodstoaspecifiedpartyataspecifiedforeigndestination.Issuedafterthevesselhassailedandthecargohasbeenenteredintheship'smanifest.海運提單23.CustomsliquidationThefinalizationofacustomsentry.清關24.CustomsBondedWarehouseIsa

warehousewhereimportedgoodsmaybestoredforatotalofthreeyearswithoutthepaymentofdutyortaxes.保稅倉庫25.dumpingsending(goodsunsaleableinthehomemarket)toaforeignmarketforsaleatalowprice.商品傾銷26.exportsend(goodsorservices)toanothercountryforsale出口27.CorrespondentBankAbankthat,initsowncountry,handlesthebusinessofaforeignbank.告知行28.sightdraftadraftpayableuponpresentation.即期匯票29.transferableL/Caletterofcreditpartofwhosevaluewhentheapplicantdefaultsonanotheragreedmethodofpayment可轉讓信用證30.markinformationplacedonoutersurfaceofshippingcontainersorpackagessuchasaddresslabels,identifyingnumbers,boxspecifications,caution,ordirectionalwarning.嘜頭二、貿易價格術語1.FOB(freeonboard)Sellerisresponsibleforinlandfreightandallothercostsuntilthecargohasbeenloadedonthevessel/aircraft.Buyerisresponsibleforocean/airfreightandmarine/airinsurance離岸價（船上交貨價）2.C&F(costandfreight)

Isaquotedpriceincludescostofgoodsandfreight.成本加運費價（離岸加運費價）3.CIF(cost,insuranceandfreight)Isaquotedpriceincludescostofgoods,insuranceandfreight.到岸價

（成本加運費、保險費價）4.reightAllmerchandise,goods,products,orcommoditiesshippedbysail,air,road,orwaterotherthanbybaggage,expressmail,orregularmail.運費5.wharfageAchargeassessedbyapierordockowneragainstthecargoorasteamshipcompanyforuseofthepierordock.碼頭費6.tariffcustoms,duty；DutiesoradutyimposedbyagovernmentonImportedorexportedgoods.關稅7.commissionTheamountpaidtoanagent,whichmaybeanindividual,aborker,orafinancialinstitutionforconsummatingatransactioninvolvingsaleorpurchaseofassetsorservices.傭金8.returncommissionAcommissionwhichispaidbackbytheagentifapolicyiscancelledbeforeitsnormalexpirationdate.回傭，回扣

9.netpricepriceofproduct(service)whichdoesnotcontainValueAdeedTax凈價10.wholesalepriceWholesalingisthesaleofgoodsormerchandisetoretailers,toindustrial,commercial,institutional,orotherprofessionalbusinessusers批發價11.discount/allowanceAreductionfromthefullorstandardamoutofapiceordebt折扣12.retailpriceThepricepaidbyaconsumertoadealerorindividualforavehicle.Thedealerorindividualsetstheretailpriceofausedcarbycalculatingthewholesalepricepaidplusreconditioningexpensesandothercosts零售價13.spotpricethecurrentdeliverypriceofacommoditytradedinthespotmarket現貨價格14.currentpriceprevailingprice，thepricesofgoodsandservicesinthereferenceperiod現行價格/時價15.customsvaluationEstablishment,accordingtodefinedcriteria,ofthevalueofgoodsforthepurposeoflevyingadvaloremcustomsdutiesontheirimportation海關估價16.pricelistmeansthelistofchargesfortheProductasfoundontheSiteandVATattheprescribedrateandanyothertax,dutyorlevyimposedbylegislation.價目表17.stampdutystamptax，ataxcollectedbyrequiringastamptobepurchasedandattached(usuallyondocumentsorpublications).印花稅18.revenuethetotalincomeabusinessfirmorgovernmentreceivesfromallsource稅收，收入19.forwardpriceReferstosalesintothefutureofaphysicalcommoditybytheuseofforwardcontractingorfuturesandoptionshedging.Itisamarketingtoolforgrainbuyersandsellers.期貨（遠期）價格，期貨價20.deductionanamountthatisormaybededucted；theactofdeducting；subtraction扣除（額）；減除（額）21.averagecostUsuallyreferstoaveragetotalcost，whichisthetotalcostofproductionofagoodorservice(includingthecostsoffixedinputsandvariableinputs)dividedbythequantityproduced.平均成本22.interestrateThefeechargedbyalendertoaborrowerfortheuseofborrowedmoney，usuallyexpressedasanannualpercentageoftheprincipal；therateisdependentuponthetimevalueofmoney，thecreditriskofthebprrowedandtheonflationrate.利率Interestratescanbecalculatedassimple，compoundedoreffective.23.importsurchargeAtemporarytaxonimportsoverandaboveestablishedtariffs,usuallyenactedintimesofeconomiccrisis進口附加稅24.importlicenceAnimportlicenseisadocumentissuedbyanationalgovernmentauthorizingtheimportationofcertaingoodsintoitsterritory.進口許口證25.exportlicenceAdocumentsecuredfromagovernment,authorizinganexportertoexportaspecificquantityofaparticularcommoditytoacertaincountry.Anexportlicenseisoftenrequiredifagovernmenthasplaceembargoesorotherrestrictionsuponexports.SeeGeneralExportLicence出口許口證26.totalvaluefacevalue*placevalue.總值27.world(International)MarketpriceWorldmarketpricesofcommoditiesexchange國際市場價格28.openaccountCreditextendedthatisnotsupportedbyanote，mortage，orotherformalwrittenevidenceofindebtedness.Becausethismethodposesanobviousrisktothesupplier，itisessentialthatthebuy’sintegritybyunquestionable.賒賬29.averagepriceThepriceofahomedeterminedbytotalingthesalespricesofallhousessoldinanareaanddividingthatnumberbythenumberofhomes.平均價格30.PortofDischargePortwherevesselisoffloadedandcargodischarges.卸貨港三、貿易保險、國際組織術語Insurer:insurancecompany:afinancialinstitutionthatsellsinsurance保險人Insured:apersonwhoseinterestsareprotectedbyaninsurancepolicy投保人Insurancepolicy:AnInsurancecontractdeterminesthe\o"Law"legalframeworkunderwhichthefeaturesofan\o"Insurance"insurancepolicyareenforced.保險單proximatecause:aneventsufficientlyrelatedtoalegallyrecognizableinjurytobeheldthecauseofthatinjury.近因原則TotalLoss:Totaled(shorthandfortotalloss)isatermusedinthe\o"Insurance"insuranceindustry.Generally,theinsuranceproviderwillonlypayoutthelessercostofbuyingareplacementvehicle,insteadofpayingtorepairtheoldonetoitspreviousstate.所有損失/全損PICC:People’sInsuranceCompanyofChina.aChineseinsurancecompany中國人民保險企業I.C.:ChinaInsuranceClause中國保險條款W/Wclause:WarehousetoWarehouseClause倉至倉條款AllRisks：Thisisaninsurancetermandthe“AllRisks”insurancewillnormallycoveragainstallrisksofwhatevernatureprovidedthattheyarerisksandnotcertainties.一切險W.A./W.P.A：(WithAverageorWithParticularAverage)Aninsurancetermmeaningthatpartiallossordamageofgoodsisinsured.Generallymustbecausedbyseawater.Manyhaveaminimumpercentageofdamagebeforepayment.Maybeextendedtocoverlossbytheft,pilferage,delivery,leakage,andbreakage.水漬險F.P.A.：(FreeofParticularAverage)Atermusedinmarineinsurancepoliciestoindicatethatwhiletheunderwriterisunwillingtoassumeliabilityforordinarypartiallossesduetothepeculiarqualitiesoftheparticulararticleortoitsformofpackage,heiswillingtobearpartiallosses,thedirectresultofstranding,sinking,burning,collision,orothernamedperil平安險WarRisk:Thepossibleaggressiveactionsagainstashipanditscargobyabelligerentgovernment.Thisriskcanbeinsuredbyamarinepolicywithariskclause.戰爭險Strike，riotsandcivelcommotion：（S.R.C.C.）Aninsuranceclausereferringtolossordamagedirectlycausedbystrikers,locked-outworkmen,personsparticipationinlabordisturbances,andriotsofvariouskinds.Theordinarymarineinsurancepolicydoesnotcoverthisrisk;coverageagainstitcanbeaddedonlybyendorsement.罷工、暴亂、民變險Claim:anassertionofaright(astomoneyorproperty)索賠Disputes:disputeisacommencementofaconflictbetweenstatementsofacceptedfactandaneworunacceptedproposalthatdisagreeswith,\o"Argument"arguesagainst,or\o"Debate"debatestheaccepted\o"Knowledge"knowledgeor\o"Opinion"opinion.爭議Penalty:theactofpunishing罰金條款Arbitration:(law)thehearinganddeterminationofadisputebyanimpartialrefereeagreedtobybothparties仲裁ForceMajeure:alleventswhicharebeyondthecontrolofthePartiestothisContract,andwhichareunforeseen,unavoidableorinsurmountable,andwhichariseaftertheEffectiveDateandWhichpreventtotalorpartialperformancebyandParty.不可抗力Arbitraltribunal:Anarbitraltribunal(orarbitrationtribunal)isapanelofoneormore\o"Adjudicator"adjudicatorswhichisconvenedandsitstoresolveadisputebywayof\o"Arbitration"arbitration.仲裁庭ArbitrationClause:Isastandardclausetobeincludedinthecontractsofexportersandimporters,assuggestedbytheAmericanArbitrationAssociation.ItstatesthatanycontroversyorclaimwillbesettledbyarbitrationinaccordancewiththerulesoftheAmericanArbitrationAssociation.仲裁條款Certificateoforigin:Astatementsignedbytheexporter,orhisagent,andattestedtobyalocalChamberofCommerce,indicatingthatthegoodsbeingshipped,oramajorpercentageofthem,originatedandwereproducedintheexporter'scountry產地證明書Inspectioncertificate:Adocumentcertifyingthatmerchandise(suchasperishablegoods)wasingoodsconditionimmediatelypriortoshipment.品質檢查證書WTO：(WorldTradeOrganization)an\o"Internationalorganization"internationalorganizationdesignedtosuperviseand\o"Freetrade"liberalize\o"Internationaltrade"internationaltrade.世界貿易組織IMF：(InternationalMonetaryFund)an\o"Internationalorganization"internationalorganizationthatoverseesthe\o"Globalfinancialsystem"globalfinancialsystembyfollowingthe\o"Macroeconomicpolicies"macroeconomicpoliciesofitsmembercountries,inparticularthosewithanimpacton\o"Exchangerate"exchangeratesandthe\o"Balanceofpayments"balanceofpayments.國際貨幣基金組織EFTA：(EuropeanFreeTradeAssociation)aEuropeantradeblocwhichwasestablishedasanalternativeforEuropeanstateswhodidnotjointhethen-EuropeanEconomicCommunity.歐洲自由貿易聯盟AFTA：(ASEANFreeTradeArea)a\o"Tradebloc"tradeblocagreementbythe\o"AssociationofSoutheastAsianNations"AssociationofSoutheastAsianNationssupportinglocalmanufacturinginallASEANcountries.東盟自由貿易區JCCT：(China-USJointCommissiononCommerceandTrade)中美商貿聯委會

NAFTA：(NorthAmericanFreeTradeArea)atrilateral\o"Tradebloc"tradeblocin\o"NorthAmerica"NorthAmericacreatedbythegovernmentsofthe\o"UnitedStates"UnitedStates,\o"Canada"Canada,and\o"Mexico"Mexico.北美自由貿易區

UNCTAD：(UnitedNationsConferenceonTradeandDevelopment)Itistheprincipalorganofthe\o"UnitedNationsGeneralAssembly"UnitedNationsGeneralAssemblydealingwithtrade,investmentanddevelopmentissues.聯合國貿易與發展會議

GATT：（GeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade)theoutcomeofthefailureofnegotiatinggovernmentstocreatethe\o"InternationalTradeOrganization"InternationalTradeOrganization(ITO).關貿總協定四、貿易價格術語1.stocks[massnoun]thecapitalraisedbyabusinessorcorporationthroughtheissueandsubscriptionofshares資本，股本2.cashsaleAlegaltermdenotingamercantiletransactioninwhichtitletomerchandisepasseswhenthebuyerpaystheseller.現貨

3.purchasetheacquisitionofsomethingforpayment;購置,進貨

4.bulksalesometimescalledabulktransfer,isasaleofgoodsbyabusinessthatrepresentsallorsubstantiallyallofitsinventorytoasinglebuyerunlesssuchasalewouldbecommonintheordinarycourseofitsbusiness.整批銷售，躉售

5.distributionchannelsDistribution(orplace)isoneofthefourelementsofmarketingmix.Anorganizationorsetoforganizations(go-betweens)involvedintheprocessofmakingaproductorserviceavailableforuseorconsumptionbyaconsumerorbusinessuser.銷售渠道

6.wholesalehistoricallycalledjobbing,isthesaleofgoodsormerchandisetoretailers,toindustrial,commercial,institutional,orotherprofessionalbusinessusers,ortootherwholesalersandrelatedsubordinatedservices.批發

7.retailtradeRetailingconsistsofthesaleofgoodsormerchandisefromafixedlocation,suchasadepartmentstoreorkiosk,orbypost,insmallorindividuallotsfordirectconsumptionbythepurchaser.零售業

8.hire-purchasemethodofbuyingsomethingbypayingoveranextendedperiod分期付款購置

9.exclusiverightInAnglo-Saxonlaw,anexclusiverightisadefacto,non-tangibleprerogativeexistinginlaw(thatis,thepoweror,inawidersense,right)toperformanactionoracquireabenefitandtopermitordenyotherstherighttoperformthesameactionortoacquirethesamebenefit.獨家經營/專營權10.unfaircompetitionCommercialconductthatthelawviewsasunjust.不合理競爭

11.dumpingsellinggoodsabroadatapricebelowthatchargedinthedomesticmarket商品傾銷

12.antidumpingtheactofamanufacturerinonecountryexportingaproducttoanothercountryatapricewhichiseitherbelowthepriceitchargesinitshomemarketorisbelowitscostsofproduction反傾銷

13.unfavorablebalanceoftradeAnexpressiondenotingasituationwhereageographicalentity(beitanation,region,state,orcity)importsmoregoodsandservicesthanitexports.Itisusedtodescibethesituationforbothindividualgoodsorservicesandforallgoodsandservicescombined.貿易逆差14.freetradeFreetradeexistswhentheinernationalexchangeofgoodsisneitherrestrictednorencouragedbygovernment-imposedtradebarriers.Subsequently,thedeterminationofthedistributionandlevelofinternationaltradeislefttotheoperationofmarketforces.自由貿易15.non-tariffbarriersEconomic,political,administrativeorlegalimpedimentstotradeotherthanduties,taxesandimportquotas.非關稅壁壘16.favorablebalanceoftradeAnyexcessofcreditsoverdebitsattheendofagivenaccountingperiod.貿易順差

17.partialshipmentAprocessinwhichastoreships/providesonlysomeofthegoods/servicesinasingleorder.Therefore,thePostAuthamountwouldbelessthantheamountoftheapprovedPreAuthfortheorder.分批裝運

18.restraintoftrade[massnoun](Law)actionthatinterfereswithfreecompetitioninamarket(律)貿易限制，貿易管制19.SettlementAsthesalestransactionvaluemovesfromthemerchanttotheacquiringbank,totheissuer,eachpartybuysandsellsthesalesticket.Settlementiswhatoccurswhentheacquiringbankandtheissuerexchangedataorfundsduringtransactions.清算,交割20.tradeconsultationAnactofprocesswhereadviceisgivenorviewsareexchanged.貿易磋商

21.bondedwarehouseacustoms-controlledwarehousefortheretentionofimportedgoodsuntilthedutyowedispaid.保稅倉庫

22.chaindebtsCompetitiveproductsorknock-outproducts;blockbuster;coreproduct;Downsizingforefficiency;cutpayrolltoimproveefficiency三角債...23.sanctionAcoercivemeasureadoptedusuallybyseveralnationsactingtogetheragainstanationviolatinginternationallaw.國際制裁24.customsbondCustomsBonds(alsoknownasSuretyBonds)arerequiredbytheU.S.CustomsService(Title19USC,section1623)asameanstoensurethatimportersguaranteepaymentintheeventthatliquidateddamagesareassessedagainstshipmentsimportedintothecountry.海關擔保

25.consignment[massnoun]theactionofconsigningordeliveringsomething.寄售26.taxrebateAtaxrefundortaxrebateisarefundontaxeswhenthetaxliabilityislessthanthetaxespaid.出口退稅

27.freightforwarderAfreightforwarder(oftenjustforwarder)isathirdpartylogisticsprovider.Asathirdparty(ornonassetbased)provideraforwarderdispatchesshipmentsviaassetbasedcarriersandbooksorotherwisearrangesspaceforthoseshipments.貨運代理

28.RTA(RegionalTradeArrangements)ResourceprovidedbyWTOonregionaleconomicintegrationlikecustomsunionandfreetradearea.Includesthelistingofsuchagreements.區域貿易安排

29.INT(auction)avarietyofbridgeinwhichtricksmadeinexcessofthecontractarescoredtowardgame;nowgenerallysupersededbycontractbridge.拍賣30.agencyagreementInsomestates,thetermdescribingalistingunderwhichthebroker?scommissionisprotectedagainstasalebyotheragentsbutnotbyasalebytheprincipal.Calledaònon-exclusiveólistinginsomestates.代理協議五、貿易伙伴術語1.manufacturerpeoplewhomakeorproducesomethingbymachineryinafactory制造商2.middlemaapersonwhobuysgoodsfromproducersandsellsthemtoretailersorconsumers中間商，經紀人3.dealerapersonorbusinessthatbuysandsellsgoods;apersonwhobuysandsellsshares,securities,orotherfinancialassetsasaprincipal(ratherthanasabrokeroragent).經銷商;交易員，證券商4.wholesalersomeonewhobuyslargequantitiesofgoodsandresellstomerchantsratherthantotheultimatecustomers批發商5.retaileramerchantwhosellsgoodsatretail零售商6.merchanapersonorcompanyinvolvedinwholesaletrade,especiallyonedealingwithforeigncountriesorsupplyingmerchandisetoaparticulartrade商人，批發商，零售商7.concessionairetheholderofaconcessionorgrant,especiallyfortheuseoflandorcommercialpremisesorfortradingrights受讓人8.consumerthepersonwhopurchasesgoodsandservicesforpersonaluse消費者，顧客9.clientapersonororganizationusingtheservicesoralawyerorotherprofessionalpersonorcompany委托人，顧客，客戶10.buyerapersonwhomakesapurchase買主11.carrierapersonorthingthatcarries,holds,orconveyssomething承運人12.consigneethepersontowhommerchandiseisdeliveredover收貨人13.freightforwardertheintermediarybetweenthecarrierandtheshipper,whoisentrustedbytheshipper,andhandlesloadingandunloadingandothertransportationbusinessforthegoodsimported/exportedinhisownname,andchargethefreightandcommision貨運代理人14.insurancebrokeronekindofinsurancesalespersonrepresentingthecustomerinsteadoftheinsurancecompany保險經紀人15.exportmanagementcompanyaprivatefirmthatservesastheexportdepartmentforseveralproducersofgoodsorservices,eitherbytakingtitleorbysolicitingandtransactingexportbusinessonbehalfofitsclientsinreturnforacommission,salary,orretainerpluscommission出口經營商16.commissionhouseanorganizationthattradescommoditiesand/orfuturesandoptionscontractsforcustomeraccountsinreturnforafee傭金行，委托交易行17.thedrawerthepersonwhowritesacheckordraftinstructingthedraewwtopaysomeoneelse發票人，出票人，開票人18.thedraweetheindividualorfirmonwhomadraftisdrawnandwhoowestheindicatedamount付款人19.thepayeeonewhoreceivesapayment,suchasthroughcash,check,moneyorder,orpromissorynote收款人，領款人20.importmerchantafirmlocatedintheforeignmarketthatpuchasesgoodsfromabroadforre-saleinhishomemarket進口批發商21.multinationalcorporation(MNC)amultinationalcorporationisabusinessenterprisethatretainsdirectinvestmentsoverseasandthatmaintainsvalue-addesholdingsinmorethanonecountry跨國企業22.subsidiaryasubsidiaryisacompanywhichisownedorcontrolledbyanotherfirmorcompany子企業23.jointventureatypeofpartialstructuralintegrationinwhichoneormoreseparateorganizationscombimeresourcestoachieveastatedobjective合資企業24.whollyownedsubsidiaryasubsidiarysubstantiallyallofwhoseoutstandingvotingsecuritiesareownedbyitsparentand/ortheparent’sotherwhollyownedsubsidiaries全資子企業25.majorityownedsubsidiaryasubsidiarymorethan50percentofwhoseoutstandingvotingsharesisownedbyitsparentand/ortheparent’sothermajority-ownedsubsidiaries控股子企業26.offeranamountofmoneythatsomeoneiswillingtopayforsomething出盤，出價27.counterofferofferandacceptanceanalysisisatraditionalapproachincontractlawusedtodeterminewhetheranagreementexistsbetweentwoparties還盤，還價28.indentmakearequisitionorwrittenorderforsomething訂單29.bidofferacertainpriceforsomething,especiallyatanauction遞盤30.referencepriceapricecalculatedcontinuouslyupdatedinrealtimeandrepresentingaweightedaverageofprices參照價六、數量條件與外匯術語1.number①thepropertypossessedbyasumortotalorindefinitequantityofunitsorindividuals②aconceptofquantityinvolvingzeroandunits個數2.netweight(ActualNetWeight)Weightofgoodsalonewithoutanyimmediatewrappings.凈重3.capacityThemaximumloadageneratingunit,generatingstation,orotherelectricalapparatusisratedtocarry.容積4.volumeAunitofthreedimensionalmeasureofspacethatcomprisesalength,awidthandaheight.體積5.tareanadjustmentmadefortheweightofthepackaginginordertodeterminethenetweightofthegoods.皮重6.grossweighEntireweightofgoods,packing,andcontainer,,readyforshipment.毛重7.quality①anessentialanddistinguishingattributeofsomethingorsomeone.②acharacteristicpropertythatdefinestheapparentindividualnatureofsomething.品質8.duplicatesampleOneoftwosamplescollectedatasamplingpointatthesametimeinamannerthatminimizesdifferencesbetweenthesamples.復樣9.Specifytostipulateasaconditionorrequirementinacontractoragreement闡明10.countersamplePre-productionsamplessentfromavendorforpurposessuchasfitting,commentsonexecutionorinterpretationofadesignormodel.對等樣品11.criterionastandard,rule,ortestonwhichajudgmentordecisioncanbebased.原則12.catalogueAcompletelistinprintedorelectronicformatofthestockheldinaparticularcollection,library,orgroupoflibraries,recording,descri