專題14-被動語態中考英語知識清單（通用版）目錄考情分析： 11.被動語態的結構 12.主動語態與被動語態的轉換 23.含有情態動詞的被動語態 24.含有雙賓語的主動語態變為被動語態 35.含有短語動詞的主動語態變為被動語態 36.帶有復合賓語的主動語態變為被動語態 37.變被動語態的其他注意點 48.牛刀小試 4考情分析：中考要求掌握：動詞的主動語態和被動語態區別與使用，不同時態的被動語態形式及情態動詞的被動語態形式。英語動詞有兩種語態：主動語態和被動語態，主動語態表示句子的主語是謂語動作的執行者；被動語態是表示句子的主語是謂語動作的承受者。如：Weoftencleantheblackboard.（我們是擦黑板的執行者即主動語態）Theblackboardisoftencleanedbyus.（黑板是clean的承受者即被動語態）。1.被動語態的結構一般現在時：am/is/are+及物動詞的過去分詞一般過去時：was/were+及物動詞的過去分詞一般將來時：will/shallbe+及物動詞的過去分詞現在完成時：have/hasbeen+及物動詞的過去分詞現在進行時：am/is/arebeing+及物動詞的過去分詞過去完成時：hadbeen+及物動詞的過去分詞如：Youarewantedonthephone.有你的電話。Chinawasliberatedin1949.1949年中國解放。Theproblemwillbediscussedtomorrow.明天將對這個問題進行討論。Notabookinthelibraryhasbeentakenaway.圖書館里沒有一本書被人拿走。Mybikeisbeingrepaired.我的自行車正在修理。ThebookhadbeenborrowedwhenIgottothelibrary.我到了圖書館時,那本書已經借出去了。2.主動語態與被動語態的轉換（1）把主動語態的賓語變為被動語態的主語。（2）把謂語變成被動結構（be＋過去分詞），根據被動語態句子里主語的人稱和數，以及原來主動語態句子中動詞的時態來決定be的形式。（3）把主動語態中的主語放在介詞by之后作賓語，將主格改為賓格。如：Allthepeoplelaughedathim.→Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople.Theymakethebikesinthefactory.→Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.

Hecutdownatree.→Atreewascutdownbyhim.3.含有情態動詞的被動語態含有情態動詞的主動句變成被動句時，由“情態動詞＋be＋過去分詞”構成，原來帶to的情態動詞變成被動語態后“to”仍要保留。Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.→Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.Theyshoulddoitatonce.→Itshouldbedoneatonce.4.含有雙賓語的主動語態變為被動語態主動語態:主語+謂語動詞+間接、直接賓語+其他被動語態:間接賓語+be+過去分詞+直接賓語+其他(比較常用)或:直接賓語+be+過去分詞+介詞(for/to)+間接賓語+其他如：Myfathergavemeanewbookonmybirthday.→Iwasgivenanewbookonmybirthday(bymyfather).→Anewbookwasgiventomeonmybirthday(bymyfather).Myfatherboughtmeanewcomputeryesterday.→Iwasboughtanewcomputeryesterday(bymyfather).→Anewcomputerwasboughtformeyesterday(bymyfather).我的父親昨天給我買了一臺新電腦。5.含有短語動詞的主動語態變為被動語態有些相當于及物動詞的短語動詞,如“動詞+介詞”,“動詞+副詞”等,也可用于被動語態,但要把它們看作一個整體,不能分開。如：Shelooksafterhergrandmother.→Hergrandmotherislookedafter(byher).她照顧她的祖母。6.帶有復合賓語的主動語態變為被動語態帶有復合賓語(賓語+賓語補足語)的主動語態變為被動語態時,只把賓語變為被動語態的主語,原來的賓語補足語不動。如：Histeacherfoundhimaverygoodpupil.→Hewasfoundaverygoodpupilbyhisteacher.他的老師發現他是一個很好的學生。7.變被動語態的其他注意點（1）在主動句中,let,make,see,hear等動詞后作賓補的動詞不定式不帶to,但在被動句中,則要保留to。如：Linda’sparentsmakeherpracticethepianoeverySunday.→LindaismadetopracticethepianoeverySunday.琳達的父母親使她每天練習鋼琴。（2）有些及物動詞如have(有),reach,cost等,以及有些連系動詞如smell,taste,sound,feel等,不用于被動語態。如：【誤】Fivedollarsiscostbythisbook.【正】Thisbookcostsfivedollars.書花費了5元。【誤】Thefoodistastednice.【正】Thefoodtastesnice.食物嘗起來挺好。（3）如move,lock,shut,open等作不及物動詞與can’t,won’t等連用時,以及如read,write,wash,clean等作不及物動詞與well,easily等副詞連用時,已含有被動意義,因此形式上不再采用被動結構。如：Thedoorwon’topen.門不能開了。Theclotheswashwell.衣服洗好了。8.牛刀小試1．（2022·湖北黃石·中考真題）—Doyouthinkjuniorhighschoolstudents________togettheirearspierced?—No,Idon’tthinkso.Itisagainsttheschoolrules.A．shouldallow B．allow C．haveallowed D．shouldbeallowed2．（2022·吉林長春·中考真題）LiYan________tothewelcomepartyyesterday.A．invites B．isinvited C．wasinvited D．willinvite3．（2022·遼寧丹東·中考真題）—DoChinesepeoplelikeping-pongalot?—Yes.It_______bypeopleofallages.A．plays B．isplayed C．played D．wasplayed4．（2022·遼寧撫順·中考真題）It’ssaidthatthekite_______inChinaover2000yearsago.A．invents B．invented C．wasinvented D．isinvented5．（2022·山東濟南·中考真題）ThestoryofXiaohuiissotouchingthatitwillnever________byus.A．isforgotten B．forget C．beforgotten D．forgot6．（2022·湖南益陽·中考真題）—Studentsinourschool________toswimintheriversorlakesalone.—Neitherarewe.Afterall,safetymustcomefirst.A．allow B．don’tallow C．aren’tallowed7．（2022·湖南株洲·中考真題）ThreeChineseastronauts（宇航員）________toChinaSpaceStationsuccessfullyonJune5,2022.A．sent B．aresent C．weresent8．（2022·遼寧大連·中考真題）IntheWolongPandaReserve,visitors________togetclosertopandas.A．allow B．allowed C．areallowing D．areallowed9．（2022·廣西梧州·中考真題）ThreeChineseastronauts________intospaceonJune5th,2022.A．weretaking B．aretakingC．weretaken D．aretaken10．（2022·山東濱州·中考真題）The24thWinterOlympics________inBeijingandZhangjiakouin2022,fromFebruary4thto20th.A．held B．washeld C．willbeheld D．hasbeenheld11．（2022·遼寧盤錦·中考真題）It’ssaidthattea_________forthefirsttimeabout5,000yearsago.A．drinks B．drank C．isdrunk D．wasdrunk12．（2022·廣西河池·中考真題）Somenewschools________inourcitynextyear.A．arebuilt B．werebuilt C．willbuild D．willbebuilt13．（2022·遼寧營口·中考真題）Aspeechonrobots________intheschoolhallnextFridayafternoon.A．isgiven B．willbegivenC．wasgiven D．hasbeengiven14．（2022·江蘇鎮江·中考真題）It’salongtime!Ican’trememberwhenthispicture_______inJinshanPark.A．wastaken B．takes C．istaken D．took15．（2022·遼寧朝陽·中考真題）It’ssaidthattea__________byaccidentaboutfivethousandyearsago.A．wasinvented B．isinvented C．willbeinvented D．wereinvented16．（2022·廣西·中考真題）Chinese_________bymoreandmorepeopleintheworld.A．speak B．speaks C．isspeaking D．isspoken17．（2022·湖南郴州·中考真題）Anewsupermarket________onCenterStreetnextyear.A．wasbuilt B．willbebuilt C．isbuilt18．（2022·廣西貴港·中考真題）—People________totaketheirtemperaturesbeforetheygointothesupermarketduringtheCOVID-19pandemic(新冠疫情).—Ithinkit’sagoodwaytoprotectourselves.A．areasking B．areasked C．asked D．ask19．（2022·北京·中考真題）Onourfarm,thetealeaves________byhandwhentheyareready.A．pick B．picked C．arepicked D．werepicked20．（2022·江蘇徐州·中考真題）I________byaliensonmywayhometheotherday.Doyoubelieveme?A．haveattacked B．wasattacked C．wasattacking D．amattacked21．（2022·四川雅安·中考真題）The24thWinterOlympicGames________inFebruary,2022,Beijing.A．hold B．held C．isheld D．washeld22．（2022·遼寧遼寧·中考真題）Fivemoreclubs________nextweektomakeourschoolliferichandcolorful.A．setup B．aresetup C．willbesetup D．weresetup23．（2022·貴州銅仁·中考真題）—Mum,couldIwatchthemovieTheBattleatChangjinLaketonight?—Ofcourse,ifyourhomework______.A．finishes B．finished C．wasfinished D．isfinished24．（2022·貴州畢節·中考真題）TheForbiddenCity(紫禁城),thelargestpalaceintheworld,________morethan600yearsago.A．built B．werebuilt C．wasbuiltup D．wasbuilding25．（2022·廣西賀州·中考真題）Aftertheboy’shomework________,hewentouttoplay.A．finished B．finishes C．wasfinished D．isfinished26．（2022·江蘇無錫·中考真題）UNICEF,partoftheUnitedNations,________inEuropein1946afterWorldWarII.A．setup B．wassetup C．tookup D．wastakenup27．（2022·湖北鄂州·中考真題）—TheLawonFamilyEducationPromotion(家庭教育促進法)_________onOct.23,2021.—Yeah!Itcameintoeffect(生效)onJan.1,2022.A．passes B．waspassed C．passed D．pass28．（2022·湖北湖北·中考真題）—ManyDIYcards________tomothersonMother’sDayeveryyear.—Howcreative!A．issending B．aresending C．issent D．aresent29．（2022·湖北十堰·中考真題）TheYouthSportsCenteronZixiaoRoad________lastyear.A．built B．wasbuilt C．hasbuilt D．wasbuilding30．（2022·河北·中考真題）—Mmm…Delicious.Whatisit?—It________zongzi,Tony.It’satraditionalfoodinChina.A．calls B．iscalled C．called D．wascalled31．（2022·湖北武漢·中考真題）DuringtheTangdynasty(唐朝),nearlyeverythingproducedintheworld________onthestreetsofChang’an.A．isfound B．hasbeenfound C．willbefound D．couldbefound32．（2022·天津·中考真題）Alotofbirds________innatureparkseveryyear.A．protect B．isprotected C．areprotected D．protected33．（2022·江蘇揚州·中考真題）—Ihearthatyoutookpartinaforestclean-upactivitylastSunday.—Yes,it________byourschoolgreenclubtoprotectforests.A．organizes B．organized C．wasorganized D．willbeorganized34．（2022·云南昆明·中考真題）TheteainYunnanissofamousthatit________toplacesacrosstheworldeveryday.A．sends B．sent C．issent D．willbesent35．（2022·甘肅定西·中考真題）Paper________inancientChinamorethan2,000yearsago.A．invented B．wasinvented C．invent D．isinvented36．（2022·江西·中考真題）Mr.Smithcreatedanewgame.Soonallhisstudents________rulestoplayit.A．teach B．taught C．aretaught D．weretaught37．（2022·重慶·中考真題）Hisguitar________asagiftforhimlastweek.A．buys B．isbought C．bought D．wasbought38．（2022·重慶·中考真題）Lastyear,anewoldpeople’shome________inourcommunity.A．builds B．built C．isbuilt D．wasbuilt39．（2022·四川遂寧·中考真題）—Moreandmorehigh-technologyproducts________inChina.—Yes.Ourcountryisbecomingstrongerandstronger.A．ismaking B．aremaking C．ismade D．aremade40．（2022·四川廣元·二模）The31stFISUWorldUniversityGames_________fromJunetoJulyin2022inChengdu,Sichuan.A．holds B．isheld C．willhold D．willbeheld41．（2022·河北·大名縣教育體育局教研室三模）Chinese________inmanyschoolsoutsideChina.A．teaches B．istaught C．willteach D．willbetaught42．（2022·遼寧丹東·模擬預測）Reusablebags________bymoreandmorepeoplenowthoughalittleexpensive.A．accept B．areaccepted C．wereaccepted D．accepted43．（2022·重慶市育才中學二模）Theoldshould________inoursociety.A．betakegoodcareof B．takegoodcareofC．betakengoodcareof D．aretakengoodcareof44．（2022·河北·館陶縣教師發展中心二模）Dumplings________bymillionsofforeignpeopleasakindo