單元質量檢測（一）

（時間：100分鐘滿分：120分）

I.閱讀理解（共15小題;每小題2分,滿分30分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。

A

Historicalfictionhelpskidslearnaboutaspecifictimeperiod.Thesestorieshelpmake

historyealive.

TheWarlord'sKites

TheWarlord'sKitesisVirginiaPilegard'sfifthbcokaboutayoungboynamedChuan.

Kidsingrades2—4readingthebookaretakenbacktofeudal（封建的）Chinatoenjey（he

adventuresofChuanasheconstructsandfliesakitetofightagainstanenemy.Pilegard's

colorfuluseofimagery（形象化描述）andpracticalir.athematicstrickspusheskidstoread

moreandfindoutifChuancanstoptheinvasion.

GeorgeWashington'sSocks

ElviraWoodruffsGeorgeWashington'sSocksdescribesthestoryofagroupoffriends

who（ravelbackin（imetotheRevolutionaryWar.Theirjourneyleadsthemtomeetthe

NativeAmericans,crosstheDelawareRiverandtalktoGeorgeWashington.Writtenfor

childrenaged9—12,thebookexplorestheobvioushardshipsofwar.

OntheBlueet

WrittenbyRosemaryWellsforkidsingrades4—7,OntheBlueettellsthestoryofa

youngboynamedOscarwhotravelsthroughtimeinsearchofhisfather.Thebookbegins

withtheStockMarketCrashof1929andtakeskidsthroughtheGreatDepression.This

historicalpiecebotheducatesandentertains.

NumbertheStars

LoisLowry'sNumbertheStarstellsthestoryofAnnemarie,whosefamilyhidesherbest

friendduringtheNazis1round-upofJewsduringWorldWarII.Kidsaged10—14reading

thestorygainbothanunderstandingoftheNazioccupationinEuropeandtheheroicnature

ofpeoplewhentheyarefacedwithtoughchoices.

語篇解讀：本文是應用文。文章介紹了四本適合青少年閱讀的歷史小說。

1.WhatmakeskidsenjoyreadingTheWarlord'sKites?

A.Thestoryofafiercewar.

B.TheChineselonghistory.

C.Chuan'srichimagination.

D.Pilegard'swriting:echniques.

解析：選D細節理解題。根據第二段中的最后一句可知，作者對故事情節形象化的描

述，和文中實用的數學技巧的應用讓孩子們對小說有讀下去的欲望，也就是其獨特的寫

作手法讓孩子們對書產生極大的興趣。

2.WhendoesthestoryofAnnemariehappen?

A.DuringtheGreatDepression.

B.DuringtheRevolutionaryWar.

C.DuringtheSecondWorldWar.

D.DuringtheStockMarketCrash.

解析：選C細節理解題。根據最后一段第一句可知，故事發生在二戰時期。

3.What'stheauthor'spurposeofwritingthetext?

A.Totellsomestories.

B.Todohistoricalresearch.

C.Tointroducesomebooks.

D.Tolookbackonthepast.

解析：選C寫作目的題。結合全文可知，文章介紹了四本適合青少年閱讀的歷史小說。

B

Lastnightwehadacallfromaneighbortosaythattherewasaforeigncarparkedinthe

villageandaskuswhetheritwassomeoneheadingtoourproject.Weweren'texpecting

anyone,butmypartnerheadeddowntocheckiftheywereOK.

Itwasasingleladywhosaidshewassearchingforsomewherebuthaddecidedtopark

overnightasvisibility（能見度）waslow.Shedidn'twantanyhelp,somypartnertoldher

wheretofindusiftherewasaneedandthencamehome.

SothismorningIfoundaforeigncarinthedrivewayand（heladywantedtouseour

toilet.Iinvitedherinandcontinuedtopreparemybreakfastwhenshewasbusy.Knowing

wewerelackinglocalshops,Icheckedifshe'dhadbreakfast.Shesaidno,soIinvitedherto

sitdown,offeringherporridgeandtea,anditturnedoutshewasheadingtoaprojectshe'd

heardabout,somewhereabout60kmaway.She'dbeensearchingforaboutaweekbecause

shecouldn'treachthembyphoneandhadeventuallybeenpointedinourdirectionbyabus

driverwhothoughtitmightbeus.

Soitwasactuallyusthatshewaslookingforlastnightbutshedidn'trealizeit!Ittook

meabout10minutesonFacehooktoprovideherwithatelephonenumber,mapandgrid

coordinates（方格坐標）fortheprojectshewasoriginally（本來）lookingforbyasking

peopleIknewinthearea.Iequippedherwithapacketoffoodsandanewumbrella,my

telephonenumberincaseoffurtherdifficulties,andshewasbackontheroad.

語篇解讀：本文為記衩文。一位女士要去參加一個項目迷路了，作者部她找到了她要去

的目的地。

4.Whydidtheneighborcalltheauthor?

A.Hewasinterestedintheforeigner.

B.Hewantedtolearnabouttheproject.

C.Heaskedtheauthortohelpthewoman.

D.Hethoughtthewomanwaslookingforher.

解析：選D細節理解題。根據第一段的“…andaskuswhetheritwassomeoneheadingto

ourproject”可知，鄰居以為那位女士是來找作者的。

5.Whydidtheauthoraskthewomanifshehadhadbreakfast?

A.Shewasonlybein?polite.

B.Itwasnotconvenienttobuyfoodthere.

C.Thewomanappearedveryhungry.

D.Shewantedtohaveatalkwiththewoman.

解析：選B細節理解題。根據第三段的“Knowingwewerelackinglocalshops,Ichecked

ifshe'dhadbreakfast”可知，作者知道當地的商店少，買東西不容易，所以問她是否吃過

早飯。

6.Whatwasthereasonwhythewomanappearedinthevillage?

A.Sheneededtouseatoilet.

B.Shewasmisledbysomeone.

C.Shewantedtofindabusdriver.

D.Shecametojointheauthor'sproject.

解析：選B細節理解題。根據第三段的”...hadeventuallybeenpointedinourdirectionby

abusdriverwhothoughtitmightbeus”可知，最后，一位公交車司機給她指路，錯誤地

將她引到這個村子里，

7.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor?

A.Famous.B.Wise.

C.Considerate.D.Knowledgeable.

解析：選C整理判斷題。根據最后一段的內容可如，作者在Facebook上為這位婦女

查到了她要去的地方的號碼、地圖、坐標，送給她食物和雨傘，還把號碼給她，

說明作者辦事考慮非常周到。

C

TheEnglisharenotoftenthoughtofaspassionatepeople.It'softensaidthattheyare

unemotional,orkeeptheiremotionshidden.EmilyBronte'scharactersinWutheringHeights

（《呼響$山莊》）（1847）seemveryun-Englishthen,sincetheyaresomeofthemostpassionate

intheliteraryhistory.

ThisstoryissetinthenorthofEnglandwhereBrontegrewupwithhertwofamous

sisters,thewell-knov/nCharlotteandthelesser-knownAnne.

Bromepresentsthispanofiheworldasawildplace,withfewof（hegracesof

civilization.Indeed,oneofthenovel'spointsisthatnaturecanbeasstrongaforceas

civilization.

WutheringHeightsbeginswithatalefromthepast.

Wehearhow,fathertoCatherineandHindley,eshomeonedayfromhistravelswitha

childnamedHcathcliff.HcathcliffislovedbyEarnshawandlikedbyCatherine,buthatedby

Hindley,whoispushedasideby（his"intruder（闖入者）.

CatherineandHealhcliffformapassionateattachment（依戀）.Theyarebothwildand

natural,muchlikethemoor（荒野）theylovetowanderin.IheyaresoclosethatCatherine

declaresherselftobeHeathcliffs.Ifsomethingestoseparatethem,therewillcertainlybe

consequences.

WhatseparatesthetwoisCatherine'smarriageIotheverycivilizedandtameEdgar

LintonfromThrushcrossGrange.Catherinehasfooledherselfintothinkingthatsheand

Edgararesimilar,andsoshebelievesthatheisbe:terthanHeathcliff.Thisbelief,and

Heathcliffsreactiontoit,willcostCatherineherlife.

Thetormented（痛苫萬分的）storyofHeathcliffandCatherinethenr叩eatsitselfinthe

nextgeneration.

WutheringHeightsisapieceofromanticliterature.Theword"romantic"doesn'tjust

meanthatitisaboutlove,butitisaboutloveinthemostwildanddangeroussense.Tliisis

thelovethatthreatenswhatisapparentlycivilized.

Thisisastoryaboutnatureandculture,abouthowtheworldtriestocivilizenature,hut

hownaturealwaysbitesback.This,forsure,iswhyreaderstodaystillrelatetothenovel,just

astheystillrelatetotaleslikeRomeoandJuliet.Lovecanbeadangerousthing.

語篇解讀：這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了艾米莉?勃朗特的小說《呼嘯山莊》。該書

通過兩代人復雜的感情糾葛，呈現了人類與命運的艱難抗爭。

8.HowmanydaughtersarcthereinEmilyBronte'sfamily?

A.Four.B.Two.

C.Three.D.Five.

解析：選C細節理解題。從第二段的"Brontegrewupwithhertwofamoussisters,the

well-knownCharlotteandthelesser—knownAnne”可知，有三個女兒。故選C。

9.WutheringHeightsshows.

A.apartofverypeacefulplaces

B.apartofgracefullove

C.apartofgracesofcivilization

D.aromanticnovelaboutwildanddangerouslove

解析：選D細節理解題。從倒數第二段中的“WutheringHeightsisapieceof...wildand

dangeroussense”可知，答案選D。

10.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext?

A.Amongthethreesisters,Emilyistheleastfamous.

B.CatherinelikesEdgarLintonandmarrieshim.

C.WhenHealhcliffescoMr.Earnshaw'shouse,heisweledbyeveryone.

D.Fortunately,thegenerationfollowingHeathcliffandCatherineenjoysalovestorywitha

happyending.

解析：選B細節理解題。從第七段的“Catherinehasfooledherselfintothinkingthatshe

andEdgararesimilar,andsoshebelievesthatheisbetterthanHeathcliff.”可知B項是正確

的。

11.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?

A.HeathcliffwasbroughtupbyMr.Earnshaw.

B.EdgarLintonwasanorphan.

C.HindleylikedHeaihcliff.

D.CharlottelikedHeiithcliff.

解析：選A推理判斷題。從第五段的“Mr.Eamshaw,fathertoCatherineandHindley,es

homeonedayfromhistravelswithachildnamedHeathciiff'可推出答案。故選A。

I)

WhenIgotoanewplacethefirstthingIliketodoiswalkaroundthestreets,toexplore

andgetlostinthecity.WhenIfirstarrivedinSantiago,Chile,andtookawalkaroundthe

citycentre,oneofthefirstthingsInoticedwashowmiuiystreetdogstherewere.

Oneverycornertherewasasleepingdog.Ateverytrafficlighttherewasadogwaiting

tocross.Byeveryshoptherewasadogwaitingforfood.AtfirstIwasnervousasIthought

theymightbeaggressive.However,Ihavebeenhereformorethanayearnowandevery

streetdogIhaveseenhasbeenpassive,quietandfriendly.

ThedogsareacceptedandweledhereinChile.Ihaveneverseenastreetdogbeing

mistreated.Infact,theyareoftengivenfoodandwaterbythepublic.Somepeopleeven

makejacketsforthedogsorpuloutbedsordoghousesfbrthemtosleepin.

However,thedogsdonothaveaneasylife:theyareoftenhungry,coldorinjured.The

governmentdoesnotprovidemuchcareforthesedogs.

Somepeoplebelievethatthesituationisgettingoutofcontrolandthatitisunacceptable

tohavesomanydogsonthestreets.Thedogscansometimescauseproblemssuchascar

accidentsiftheyrunintotheroad.TherearcaboutmillionstreetdogsinChileandthedog

populationisgrowingfasterthanthehumanpopulation.ManyChileansthinkthatallthe

streetdogsshouldbesterilized(使絕育)sothattheycannotbreed.Othersthinkthatpeople

shouldreduce(hedogpopulationbykilling(hem.

Thefutureofstreetdogsisuncertainbutfornowitlooksliketheyareheretostay,with

theirpopulationexpandingyearbyyear.

語篇解讀：在智利的圣地亞哥的街頭有大批的流浪狗，且它們的數量不斷增加，針對如

何解決這一問題，人們有不同的看法。

12.Whatcaughttheauthor'sattentionafterhisarrivinginSantiago?

A.Finelocalshops.B.Lotsofstreetdogs.

C.Manycutepetdogs.D.Brokentrafficlights.

解析：選B細節理解題。由第一段末的“oneofihefirstthingsInoticedwashowmany

streetdogstherewere”及第二段開頭的“Oneverycorner...forfood”可知，作者剛到圣地亞

哥就注意到那里大量的流浪狗。

13.Whywastheauthornervous?

A.ManyChileanswereshort-tempered.

B.Heassumedthedogswereunfriendly.

C.Peoplewereoftenattackedbyanimals.

D.Hewasunfamiliarwiththetrafficrules.

解析：選B細節理解題。由第二段中的“AtfirstIv/asnervousasIthoughttheymightbe

aggressive”可知，作者緊張是因為他誤以為那些流浪狗會攻擊人，不友好。

14.WhatdoweknowaboutstreetdogsinChile?

A.Peoplearcnicetothem.

B.Manyofthemaremistreated.

C.Manyofthemhavebeenkilled.

D.Thegovernmenttriestohelpthem.

解析：選A推理判斷題。由第三段可知，當地的人們對流浪狗很好，給它們提供食物

和住處等。

15.WhatisParagraph5mainlyabout?

A.ThefutureofChileans.

B.Howtohelpstreetdogs.

C.Whattodowithstreetdogs.

D.Theproblemsfacedbystreetdogs.

解析：選C段落大意題。由第五段可知，智利的流浪狗數量大且增長快，由此引發了

一些問題。針對如何解決流浪狗這一問題，人們有不同的看法。

II.閱讀七選五（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分〕

根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余

選項。

Note-takingisaskillthatcanhelpyoudowellinallyourschoolwork.16.The

followingaresometipsthatmighthelpyoutakegoodnotes.

Writedownkeyfactsandignoreunimportantdetails.17.Someteacherswritenotes

ontheblackboard,andthat'sgreat.Youcancopytheminclass.Someteachersmaynotwrite

anythingdown.Youshouldtakenotesoftheimportantpointssaidbythem.

18>don'tbeafraidtoaskyourteachertorepeatwhatyoumiss,paringyournotes

wilhyourclassmates'canbegoodforyourlearning.Itcanalsohelpyouandyourclassmates

correctsonicmistakes.

19Thenotesofdifferentsubjectsshouldbewrittenindifferentnotebooks,sothat

youcanfindeverythingeasilywhenatestcs.

20,butinthelongrunitsavestime.Ifyougetintothehabitofrccopyingyour

noteseveryevening,youwillfindthatyouhavegotabetterunderstandingofyourlessons.

A.Goodnote—takingtakestime

B.Ifyourteacherspeakstoofast

C.Goodnote-takingisnotjustcopying

D.Yourteachersmightdothingsdifferently

E.Note-takingalsoneedsgoodorganization

F.Note-takingalsoneedsgoodmemorization

G.Itcanalsomakeyoufeelmoreconfidentwhenyouarestudying

語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要就如何做好筆記提出了幾點建議。

16.解析：選G根據第一段第一句可知，本段主要介紹了做筆記有哪些好處。G項說

的是做筆記的另一個好處，與上文聯系緊密。故答案選G。

17.解析：選D根據空前一句和該段笫五句"Someteachersmaynotwriteanything

down.”可知，不同的老師做法不同。故答案選D。

18.解析：選B根據本句中的"don'tbeafraidtoaskyourteachertorepeatwhatyoumiss”

可推斷，可能有的老師說話太快，故答案選B。

19.解析：選E根據該空后面一句可推斷，本段主要是講記筆記也需要有一定的條理，

故答案選E。

20.解析：選A根據該空后的“butinthelongrunitsavestime”可推斷，空格處是說記

好苞記需要花費一定的時間。故答案選A。

川.完形填空（共20小題；，滿分30分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空

白處的最佳選項。

IfeellikeI'malwaysrunningaround.Andlife,initsgentleways,triesto21me

down.Tostop,look,andlistentothe22thatsurroundsuseveryday.

AsI23downthestreet,lateforameetingagain.I24myselfbehindawoman

ina25goingataprettynormalpace.Notwantingtorushpastherinahurryona

crowdedstreet,Isloweddownandstayed26her.

Whenwe27atthesignallight,Inoticedthatontheothersideofthecrosswalkwas

anotherwomanaroundthesameage—alsoinawheelchair.

Somethingreallysimple,yetdeeplybeautiful28astheycrossedoneanother.The

faceofthewomaningtowardsuschanged,from29，worn-out,andblossomedintoa

hugehonest30.ThenIlookedtothesideatthewomannexttome,theyboth31

eyesforaminuteandsmiledwide.

Injustthatbrief32-ofpassingeachother,they33somuch.Itremindedmeof

anodthattwoplayersfromthesameteammightgiveoneanother34theypasstheball,

ormotherswithsmallbabiesinrecognitionofoneanother.It'sthisdeep35that,“Iget

you."Weare36throughsomething.IseeoursimiiaritiesandI37them.

Now,ofcourseifeitherof(hemhad38,theywouldhavenoticedathirdwoman

smiling39onseeing(heirinteraction.Itpletelymademyday(o40thissmall,

beautifulgestureoftruly“seeing“oneanother.

語篇解讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。“我”整天忙忙碌碌，步履匆匆。有一天“我”在

大街上看見兩個坐輪舟的人在擦肩而過的時候有了眼神上的交流，都朝對方會心一笑。

“我”覺得自己理解了這種認可，在這件平凡的小事中發現了生活的美麗。

21.B.put

C.slowD.drag

解析：選C根據第一句"IfeellikeI'malwaysrunningaround."和空格處下一句中的“To

stop,look,andlistento”可知，“我”整改忙忙碌碌，故此處指與活試圖使“我”慢下來。

slowdown意為“使....接下來”，符合語境。故選C。

22.B.beauty

C.songD.voice

解析：選B根據下文描述的兩個坐輪椅的人彼此之間會心的微笑可知，此處指停下來，

現察并傾聽生活的美好。故選B。

23.B.stepped

C.rushedD.went

解析：選C根據本句中的“lateforameetingagain”可知，“我”開會又要遲到了，因

此此處應指“我”匆忙地趕路。故選C。

24.B.hid

C.placedD.sheltered

解析：選A匆忙趕路時，“我”發現自己在一位女士身后。findoneself...意為“發

現自己……”，符合語境。故選A。

25.B.bus

C.carD.wheelchair

解析：選D根據第三段中的“Whenwe...Inoticedthat...anotherwoman...alsoina

wheelchair.”可知，“我”前面的那位女士與下文提到的一位女士一樣，都坐著輪持。故

選Do

26.frontofB.beside

C.behindD.intherightof

解析：選C根據原因狀語“Notwantingtorushpastherinahurry”可知,“我”不想超

過她，因此是在她后面走。故選C。

27.B.stopped

C.lookedD.called

解析：選B根據本句中的“atthesignallight”可知,此處指“我們”停下來等紅綠燈。

故選Bo

28.B.included

C.disappearedD.happened

解析：選D根據下文中的“Thefaceofthewomaningtowardsuschanged”可知，她們經

過彼此時，一些簡單但很美好的事發生了。happen意為“發生”，符合語境。故選D。

29.B.excited

C.hatefulD.envious

解析：選A空格處和后面的形容詞“worn—oul”并列，故應指疲憊的。tired意為“勞

累的”，符合語境。故選A。

30.A.admirationB.anger

C.envyD.smile

解析：選D根據下一句中的“iheybolh...andsmiledwide”可知，她的臉上綻放出真誠

的微笑。故選D。

31.B.locked

C.closedD.moved

解析：選B根據最后一段中的“theirinteraction”可知，她們兩人之間有了互動，故此

處應指她們將目光鎖定在彼此身上，燦爛地微笑。lockeyes意為“鎖定目光”，符合語

境。故選B。

32.B.hour

C.dayD.week

解析：選A因為是在過馬路，所以此處指她們彼此擦身而過時，這是一個短暫的時刻。

moment意為"片刻"，符合語境。故選A。

33.B.chatted

C.showedD.gained

解析：選A根據上文描述的在擦身而過的一刻對面的那位女士從一臉疲憊的神色轉而

變成了會心一笑可知，她們在這一刻交流了很多。exchange意為“互換，交流”，符合

語境。故選A。

34.B.after

C.beforeD.since

解析：選C根據常識可知，同一個隊的隊友在傳球之前或許會相互點點頭示意一下。

故選C。

35.B.realization

C.motivationD.recognition

解析：選D根據前一句中的“inrecognitionofoneanother”和空格后的"Igetyou”可知，

這是一種深深的認可。recognition意為“認可，承認”，符合語境。故選D。

36.B.connected

C.trackedD.pulled

解析：選B根據上文描述的人們之間的認可可知，我們通過某些東西聯系在一起。

connec【意為“連接”，符合語境。故選B。

37.B.need

C.ownD.refuse

解析：選A根據本句的連詞and可知，此處是遞進關系，表示“我”看到了我們的相

似之處，并且尊重這些相似點。honor意為“尊重，尊敬"，符合語境。故選A。

38.downB.lookedup

C.lookedinD.lookedout

解析：選B上文提到這兩位女士都是坐在輪椅上，故此處應指如果她們中有一個人抬

頭就會注意到還有一住女士也在微笑。lookup意為“才臺頭，向上看”，符合語境。故

選Bo

39.B.bitterly

C.broadlyD.awkwardly

解析：選C根據上段描述的“我”的理解和感受可知，此處應指“我”理解了她們兩

個人的目光鎖定和交流，所以笑得很開心。smilebroadly意為“咧開嘴笑，開心地笑”，

符合語境。故選C。

40.B.observe

C.joinD.witness

解析：選D根據第四段的描述可知，“我”目睹了這小小的、美麗的“看見”彼此的

過程。witness意為"見證，目擊”，符合語境。故選D。

N.語法填空(共10小題；，滿分15分)

閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。

YearsagoIworked:napanyasasalesman.Ispentonefifthofmytimeintrainsorplanes.

IlikedsuchalifeandsometimesIcalled41⑴“traveler”.

Butona42(freeze)coldmorningIgotintotrouble.Iwasstillinbed43

suddenlythephonerangandmymanagertoldmetoflytoNewYorktoattend44

importantmeeting.IhadtogetupandafteraquickbreakfastIhurriedtotheairport.Itwas

blowing45(heavy)andthegroundwascoveredwiththicksnow.Thetaxiwentslowly

andImissedthefirstflight.Ihadtotakethenextone,46meantIwouldwaitfornearly

fivehoursin(hewaitingroom.Buifivehours47(late),weweretoldtherewasabomb

inourplaneandthepolice48(look)forit.Anotherfivehourspassedandmost

passengerslosttheir49(patient).Beforewewerefinallyallowedtogetontheplane,we

hadtohaveourbaggage50(examine).Attheentranceayoungmanshoutedatthe

policemen,“IfIhadagnninmybaggage,Iwouldhaveshotyoutwohoursago!”

語篇解讀：本文介紹了作者在一個天寒地凍的早晨趕飛機去紐約開會，在機場遇到了一

系列坎坷的經歷。

41.myself該句意思是“有時我把自己稱為旅行者”，故用I的反身代詞。

42.freezingfreezingcold是習慣搭配，意思是“極冷的”。

43.whenwhen此處表示“突然，就在這時”。

44.ananimportantmeeting意思是“一次重要會議”。

45.heavily空格中所填單詞在句中修飾動詞blowing,故用heavy的副詞彩式。

46.which關系代詞which指代前面整句內容，引導非限制性定語從句，其中關系代

詞which在從句中作主語。

47.later“一段時間+later”表示“一段時間以后”。

48.werelooking這里說的是“警察正在飛機上搜炸彈”，故用過去進行時。thepolice

作主語時謂語動詞用復數。

49.patience空格中所填單詞在句中作lost的賓語，需用patient的名詞形式。

50.examinedhaveourbaggageexamined是havesth.done結構，表示“請人或讓人做

某事”，其中examined是過去分詞作賓補。

V.短文改錯(共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分)

假定