河南省開封市2024屆高下學期第二次質量檢測英語試卷姓名：__________班級：__________考號：__________題號一二三四五六總分評分一、閱讀理解閱讀理解Areyoulookingtobridgethegapbetweenlifestyleandhealth,andstartthepositivejourneyoflivinglongerandbetter?Ifso,thenGoldstercanhelp.Ourfriendlycommunityembracesthechallenges,thetriumphs,andtheaspirationsofageing,throughliveonlineclassesforalllevelsofabilities.Classesarescience-backed,hostedbyindustry-leadingexpertsanddesignedfortheover50s.Withupto20liveclassesdaily,there'salwayssomethingtoenjoy,fromPilatesandTaiChitoResistanceTrainingandDance-thereareevenfitnessclassessuitableforalllevelsifyoufancysomethinga-littlemoreenergetic.Orifyouprefer,craftyourcreativitywithCreativeWriting,PoetryandArtandsharpenyourcognitionwithBrainTrainingclassesandourhighlyacclaimedbookclub.Youcanevencapturesomecalmandmeltintosome-meditation（冥想）,mindfulnessandself-massagewithclassesthathelptoinviteapeacefulnight'ssleep.Joinforfreenowandreceive:?5freeliveand5freeon-demandclasses,withfullaccesstodailyliveclassesandrecordings?Adaily-emailwithclassjoininglinks?TheMagazinefullofweeklyhealthandwellbeingarticles?ExclusiveonlineeventsSimplylogontohttp://promo.goldster.co.uk/rd5toclaimyourfivefreeclassesorscantheQRcodealthebottomofthepage.Sowhynotchoosetofeelbelter?Joinnowandkeepactive,healthy,andsociallyconnectedwithGoldsler.1．Whoisanintendedreaderofthistext?A．Ayoungladywhoisplanningtoloseweight.B．Ateenagerwhoisinterestedinonlinecourses.C．Amaninhislate30swhowantstoliveahealthylife.D．Anelderlywomanwhoseekstolivelongerandbetter.2．WhichisNOTincludedinGoldster'sclasses?A．Flowerarrangement. B．Fitnesstraining.C．Sleepimprovement. D．Writingpractice.3．Whatisthetypeofthistext?A．Ahealthreport. B．Anadvertisement.C．Anannouncement. D．Anintroduction.閱讀理解Despiteanever-higherbartograbtheattentionofstudentsinlargelecturehall,TatianaErukhimova,whoteachesphysicsatTexasA&MUniversity,hasmanagedtogetherstudents,aswellasfuturegenerations,excitedaboutthescience.Knownas"Dr.Tatiana",theprofessorperformsphysicstrickswithboundlessenergyandenthusiasminhervideos.Arangeofeverydayobjectsareusedinherexperiments,frompingpongballsandtoiletpapertomarshmallows,bicyclewheelsandhairdryers.Videosofherdramaticdemonstrationshavereceivedhundredsofmillionsofviewsacrosssocialmediaplatforms.However,thingsaren'talwayseasy.Whenshefirststartedteachingcollegefreshmanclassestwodecadesago,shealsostruggledtograbtheattentionofherstudents."Ididnotgrabtheirattentiononthefirstday-thatwasmymistake."shesays."Imissedthisopportunitytobondwiththemfromtheverybeginning,andthenittookmeawhiletofindmyvoice."Bythesecondsemester,shefoundherfooting,adjustingherapproachtogetherstudentsengaged.Thekey,shesays,hasbeentomakeherselfapproachableandherinstructionpersonal.And,ofcourse,addshowydemonstrations."Thesedemonstrationsoftenhelpstudentstoconnecttheseabstractconceptswithreallife."shesays.PhysicsdepartmentheadGrigoryRogachevsaysErukhimova'sworkhashelpedbringvisibilitytothedepartment,withabout2.5millionsubscribersonitsdepartment'sYouTubepage,whichhastranslatedtoaboostinresearchfundsandphysicsmajorapplicants.AsaleaderinaSTEMfieldinwhichwomenareunderrepresented,she'sbecomearolemodelforsome.AfiyaDhananiattendedTexasA&MUniversityafterseeingErukhimova'svideosonline."WatchingDr.Tatianadotheexperimentsonline,especiallysinceshewasafemaleleader.Wasmoreinspiringformetoevengointophysics."DhananisaidinaninterviewwithCBSMornings.That'sallErakhimovasaysshecanhopefor-makingphysicslessforbiddingandmoreexciting.4．WhatdoesErukhimova'sonlinevideosfeature?A．Rarematerials. B．Energeticpresentation.C．Plaindemonstration. D．Professionalexplanation.5．WhichsayingexplainsErukhimova'sinitialfailuretograbstudents'attention20yearsago?A．Allthatglittersisnotgold.B．Sharptoolsmakegoodwork.C．Firstimpressionsaremakeorbreak.D．Afallintothepit,againinyourwit.6．HowdoesErukhimova'sworkcontributetothephysicsdepartment?A．Itleadsmorestudentstochangetheirmajors.B．Itmakesmorepeopletoknowaboutthedepartment.C．Ithelpsthedepartmenttranslatemoreresearchpapers.D．Itattractsmorephysicsprofessorstojointhedepartment.7．WhichwordbestdescribesErukhimovaasaleaderinaSTEMfield?A．Inspirational. B．Underestimated.C．Cooperative. D．Ambitious.閱讀理解Thetasteofchampagneasweknowitcouldchangebeyondrecognitioninthecomingyears.Asglobaltemperaturescontinuetorise,theclimatecrisisposesathreattotheproductionofwine.ThesupplyofChardonnay,PinotNoirandPinotMeunier,amongotherpopularwine-makinggrapes,areatrisk.By2050,about85%ofthelandsthatwegrowgoodwinegrapesonwillnolongerproducesuitablewinegrapes.Grapesaresusceptibletoeventhemostsubtlechangesinweather."Wineiskindofthecanary（金絲雀）inthecoalmineforclimatechangeimpactsonagriculturebecausesomuchofthecharacterofwineistiedtothelocalclimate.saidBenjaminCook,aclimatescientist.Hepublishedapaperin2020examiningtheeffectsofclimatechangeonagricultureandhowthediversityofgrapescanincreasetheirresiliencetosuchchanges.Headdsthatscientistsare"seeingprettymuchallplants,includingwinegrapevines,starttheirlifecycleinthegrowingseasonearlier,andoftenfinishupearlier.Youbasicallyripenyourfruitearlierandtypicallyyouharvestearlier.IntheChampagneregionofFrance,thesechangescanalterthedistinctivepersonalitiesofgrapesgrownthere."Ifitmaturestooquickly,theratioofacidityandsugarmightbedifferent."Cooksaid.Agrape'squalitiesaredependentonitsenvironment.Withawarmingplanet,it'shardertoproducegrapesthatmakechampagnetastesweeterandboozier（酒精濃度高的）."Forinstance,inachardonnaygrape,whatyou'relookingforinacoolerclimateisgenerallyanappletaste,whereasinawarmerclimatethewarmthcanchangethegrapesqualitiestobemorelikeatropicalfruit,orevenbanana-like."saidSpiess.Oneofthemanywaysfarmersandwinemakersaretryingtoalleviatetheeffectsofclimatechangeongrapeproductionissiteselection."PlaceslikeBelgiumandtheNetherlandsandSweden,they'reexperiencingpositiveeffectsofclimatechangeastheplanetiswarming.Spiesssaid.Asdifferentregionsintheworldexperiencetheeffectsofclimatechangedifferently,theymaystarttohavemoreidealclimateconditionsforwinemaking.ThedownsideforthoseSwedishwinemakers?Ifthosechampagnegrapesaren'tgrownintheChampagneregionofFrance,youcan'tcallitchampagne,whichisaprotecteddesignationoforigin.Sohowdoyousay"bubbly"inSwedish?8．Howdoestheclimatechangethreatentheproductionofwine?A．Byincreasingthediversityofgrapes.B．Byincreasingthecostofwinemaking.C．Byintensifythecompetitionbetweenwinemakers.D．Byreducingtheproductionofsuitablewine-makinggrapes.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"susceptible"inparagraph3probablymean?A．Sensitive. B．Resistant. C．Adaptable. D．Tolerant.10．Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A．Thelifecycleofwinegrapevinesisbecominglonger.B．Achardonnaygrapemaytastelikebananaincoolerclimate.C．Grapes'ratioofacidityandsugarinfluenceschampagne'staste.D．WinemakinginSwedenfacesthesamechallengeasthatinFrance.11．Whichcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A．Willchampagnebecomesweeter?B．Whyischampagnecalledchampagne?C．CouldChampagnesoonstopproducingchampagne?D．Whatimpactdoesclimatechangehaveonagriculture?閱讀理解Afallacyisanerrorinreasoningbasedonopinion,misunderstanding,orintentionalmisdirectionthatmakesanargumentinvalid.Commoncausation(因果關系)fallaciesincludethoseofoversimplificationandexaggeration,whichoccurwhenactualcausesofaneventarereducedtothepointwhereconnectionsbetweencausesandeffectsareblurredorburied.Oversimplificationiscommon,whichmeansreducingmultiplecausestojustoneorafew.Well-intentionedwritersandspeakerscanfallintothetrapofoversimplificationifnotcareful.Onemotivationforsimplificationisthebasicadvicegiventowriters:Don'tgetstuckindetails.Intheprocess,however,awritercanleaveouttoomanydetails,evencriticalinformation.AnothercontributingfactortooversimplificationistheoveruseofanimportanttoolincriticalthinkingcalledOceam'sRazor,aprinciplethatstatesthatthesimplestexplanationthatfitsthedataisthepreferableone.Theproblemisthatthesimplestexplanationmightnotalwaysbetheright-one.AwritercreatinganargumentcanassumethatbasedonOccam'sRazor,thesimplestexplanationislikelytrue,buttheymustnotassumethatisalwaysthecase.Theymustlookatallanglesandcomplexitiesofanissuebeforesettlingonthesimplestexplanation.Hereisanexampleofoversimplification:Schoolviolencehasgoneupandacademicperformancehasgonedownsincevideogamesfeaturingviolencewereintroduced.Therefore,videogameswithviolenceshouldbebanned,resultinginschoolimprovement.Thisargumentexhibitsoversimplificationbecauseitassumesproblemsinschools(increasingviolence,decreasingacademicperformancecanbeattributedtoasinglecause:thetimeyoungpeoplespendplayingvideogamesthatfeatureviolence).Variousotherfactors,includingsocialandeconomicconditionsthatmaycontributetoachild'smentalhealth,areignored.Relatedtothefallacyofoversimplificationisthefallacyofexaggeration-multiplyingacoupleofcausesintomany.12．Whatdoesparagraph3mainlyfocuson?A．Thecausesofoversimplification.B．Theimpactofoversimplification.C．Thedefinitionofoversimplification.D．Thecharacteristicsofoversimplification.13．HowdowriterscommitoversimplificationwhencreatinganargumentbasedonOccam's-Razor?A．Theyconsideranissuetobecomplicated.B．Theylookatanissuefromdifferentangles.C．Theybelievethesimplestexplanationislikelytrue.D．Theyhaveabsolutetrustinthesimplestexplanation.14．Whichofthefollowingstatementsisanexampleofoversimplification?A．Thenation'slackofmoralstandardsiscausedbymultiplefactors.B．Thelatestcurrencypolicytakesfullblameforthedecliningeconomy.C．Shewassavedbecauseofthesealbeltaswellasdoctors'timelysaving.D．Theproblemofeducationnotjustliesinteachers'failureofdoingtheirjobs.15．Whatmighttheauthordiscussintheparagraphsthatfollow?A．Waystoavoidoversimplification.B．Moreexamplesofoversimplification.C．Causesandexamplesofexaggeration.D．Thedistinctionbetweenexaggerationandoversimplification.二、七選五七選五Friendsareincrediblyimportantpeopleinourlives.Somearewithusfordecades.16．Herearesometipstorememberifyou'reprocessingthelossofafriend.Sometimesthingsjustdon'tworkout.17．Infact,people,onaverage,loseabouthalfoftheirfriendseverysevenyears.Oneofthemostcommonreasonsthoserelationshipsendisthattheyjustfellthroughthecracks.Thingsdidn'tworkout.Nobodyreallywantedthefriendshiptoend,butpeoplegotbusyanddidn'tintentionallymaintainthefriendship.Maketheunsaidsaid.Sometimes,infriendship,peopledon'tmaketheunsaidsaid.18．Andbecausethey'reneverdirectlyaddressed,peoplegettoapointwheretheywanttoendthefriendshipbeforeactuallyaddressingtheproblem.Actually,iftheyhadintervenedsooner,theymighthavebeenabletosavethefriendship.It'snormaltofeelgrief.Whenafriendshipends,thereisagrievingprocess.Allowyourselftofeelthoseemotionsandbepatient.Insteadofpushingyourselftocheerup,trythinkinglikethis,"OfcourseI'mupset.Thisisanaturalpartofintimacy(親密關系)andloss.IlostsomeoneI'mverycloseto.19．20．It'simportantnottoblameyourselfandbemeantoyourselffornotgettingoverthelossofafriendship.Justbecausethishappenedlikethisdoesn'tmeanmorefriendshipswillhappenlikethis.Allowyourselftohaveafreshperspectivewhenyouenternewfriendships.Youdon'twanttogointoanewconnectionfearfully.A.ThatmeansIlovethemdeeply.B.Bekindtoyourselfalongtheway.C.Findwaystoenteranewfriendship.D.Smallthingscankindofaccumulate.E.Losingfriendsisaregularpartoflife.F.Butnotallofthemcanstandthetestoftime.G.Whenaclosefriendshipends,thereasonsarecomplicated.三、完形填空（15空）完形填空AsGonzaleswas21．tothemartialartsgymwherehetrained,hesawwhatlookedlikeapolicepursuit.A(n)22．manofmediumbuild,23．inablackT-shirt,wasrunningfromapoliceofficer.WhenGonzalessawtheofficerinneedof24．everyelementofthemoralcodeinstalledinhimthroughhisBrazilianjiu-jitsu(巴西柔術)trainingtoldhimto25．ahand.Gonzalessloweddown.Sodidthemanbeingchased—oavoid26．Gonzales'sminivan.That27．allowedtheofficertocatchupandtakethesuspecttotheground.However,hequicklyrealizedthattheofficerdidnothave28．ofthesituation.Theofficerwasstraddling(跨坐)him,butthesuspectwasaboutto29．thepoliceofficerover.Gonzalesjumpedoutofhisvehicleand30．himselfontheman'slegs.31．,hiswife,Ortiz,usedherphonetorecordthescene.Finally,thethreatwasover.ButforGonzales,theridewasjustbeginning.Ortiz32．thevideoonFacebook,whereitattractedover56million33．.AmongthoseawedbythevideowasBrazilianjiu-jitsu34．,afourth-degreeblackbelt,whostated,"ThecombinationofGonzales'stechniqueandhiscommunicationwithboththeofficerandthesuspectis35．!"21．A．jogging B．walking C．driving D．cycling22．A．muscular B．ambitious C．humorous D．aggressive23．A．worn B．absorbed C．dressed D．buried24．A．assistance B．emergency C．solution D．action25．A．send B．lend C．shake D．hold26．A．comingacross B．holdingupC．breakingdown D．runninginto27．A．accusation B．hesitationC．adaptation D．communication28．A．consciousness B．knowledgeC．control D．advantage29．A．tip B．fight C．fall D．hand30．A．abandoned B．dragged C．pulled D．threw31．A．However B．Therefore C．Meanwhile D．Instead32．A．downloaded B．edited C．saw D．posted33．A．customers B．views C．cheers D．researches34．A．instructor B．conductor C．operator D．inventor35．A．heroic B．movingC．understandable D．legendary四、短文填空短文填空2024is"TheYearoftheDragon"ontheChineselunarcalendar.But36．that'sthepropertranslationoftheiconicmythicalsymbolofChinaornothasaroused37．(heat)debate.TheWesternconceptofdragonisnotconsistentwith38．oftheChinesedragon.InfluencedbyGreekmythology,thedragonisoftenthekeeperoftreasure.ForEuropeans,dragonisusuallyamonster39．(keep)distancesawayfrompeople.Withfourlegsandtwohugeblackwings,theycanspitfireorevenpoisongasoutoftheirmouth.Contrary40．theevilimageofEuropeandragons,Chinesedragonssymbolize41．(strong)andgoodluck.InChineselegends,dragonswereappointedheadofthefourseas,rulersofweatherandwater.ThosebornintheyearoftheLoongarebelieved42．(be)interestedintheworldandwillingtogiveahelpinghand.ThedifferencesinperceptionofthemythicalcreaturesinChinaandtheWest43．(root)intheirdifferentculturalvalues.Whatisimportantisthatasweenter44．newlunaryear,people45．(global)appreciatetheculturalvaluesembodiedinsuchChinesesymbolsasLoong.五、書面表達46．假如你是李華，你校外教Peter對中國傳統美食很感興趣，請你給他寫一封電子郵件推薦一種中國傳統美食，內容包括：1.美食介紹；2.推薦理由。注意：1.寫作詞數應為80左右；2.可以適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。DearPeter,I'mLiHuafromClass2.Yours,LiHua六、讀后續寫47．閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。MydaughterandIwerefansofMisterRogers'Neighborhood,aneducationalchildren'stelevisionseriesthatwascreatedandhostedbyFredRogers,morecommonlyknownasMisterRogers.Aroundmydaughter'ssecondbirthday,IhadaMisterRogers-inspiredidea.Whynotinviteonekeypersoninmydaughter'sworldtodinnereachmonth?Thelocalchildren'slibrariancouldvisitoneevening,andperhapstheboroughmayor（區長）coulddropbyafewweekslater.ButIwantedtostartatthetop."Let'sinviteMisterRogershimself,Isaidtomywife."Afterall,helivesjustafewneighborhoodsaway.Ibethe'dcome.ShelookedatmeasifIwantedtoinvitethePresident."YoureallythinkMisterRogerswouldcometoourhousefordinner?Fatchance.Undeterred（不氣餒的）,IsentalettertoMisterRogersthatfall,tellinghimofmynewfounddelightinhisshowandmyideaforinvitingneighborhoodpeopleovertotalkabouttheirlives,andaskinghimandMrs.Rogerstobeourguests.Itoldmydaughterabouttheletter.Hereyesglistened（發光）."MisterRogerscoming?Really,Daddy?"Onemonthlater,noreply.Mydaughterhadn'tforgottenandperiodicallyaskedwhenMisterRogerswouldbevisiting.Ialwaystoldherthathehadn'tcalledyetandthatitwasagoodopportunitytolearnaboutpatience.Twomonthslater,noresponse.Atthethree-monthmark,mywifesimplyrolledhereyeswhenIraisedthetopic.Iwasbeginningtoloseoptimism.MisterRogershadletmedown.Sadly,MisterRogerspassedawayinlateFebruaryofthefollowingyear.Iwasunawareofhisillnessandnowunderstoodwhyourinvitationhadgoneunanswered.MisterRogerswouldnotbecomingtodinnerafterall.Yet,evenafterhispassing,MisterRogersgaveusafargreatergiftthanIevercouldhaveimagined.注意：1.續寫詞數應為150左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。Aweeklater,IwassurprisedtofindaletterinourmailboxfromMisterRogers.Theletterisatreasuredgiftandhiskindwordstouchedmylifeandmydaughter.

答案解析部分【答案】1．D2．A3．B【解析】【分析】本文為一篇應用文，介紹了專為50歲以上的老年人設計的，讓老年人活得更長更健康的Goldster網絡直播課。

【點評】考查閱讀理解，包含細節理解題、推理判斷題，是一篇廣告，注意先略讀文章，掌握文章大意，再分析題干及選項，到文中找到相關內容并進行理解。1．考查細節理解。根據文章第一段"Areyoulookingtobridgethegapbetweenlifestyleandhealth,andstartthepositivejourneyoflivinglongerandbetter?"你是否想要彌補生活方式和健康之間的差距，開啟活得更長更健康的積極之旅？；以及第二段中的"Classesarescience-backed,hostedbyindustry-leadingexpertsanddesignedfortheover50s."課程是以科學為基礎，有行業領先專家主持，專為50多歲的人設計。可知，這個課程專為想要活得更長更健康的老年人設計的，故選D。2．考查細節理解。根據第三段"Withupto20liveclassesdaily,there'salwayssomethingtoenjoy,fromPilatesandTaiChitoResistanceTrainingandDance-thereareevenfitnessclassessuitableforalllevelsifyoufancysomethinga-littlemoreenergetic."每天都20多節現場課程，總有一些值得享受的東西，從普拉提和太極到阻力訓練和舞蹈，如果你想要精力充沛的話，甚至還有適合所有級別的健康課程；第四段"Orifyouprefer,craftyourcreativitywithCreativeWriting,PoetryandArtandsharpenyourcognitionwithBrainTrainingclassesandourhighlyacclaimedbookclub."或者，如果你愿意，可以通過創意寫作、詩歌和藝術來培養你的創造力，并通過大腦訓練課程和我們備受贊譽的讀書俱樂部來提高你的認知能力；以及第五段"Youcanevencapturesomecalmandmeltintosome-meditation(冥想),mindfulnessandself-massagewithclassesthathelptoinviteapeacefulnight'ssleep."你甚至可以捕捉一些平靜、融入一些冥想、正念和自我按摩課程來促進一整晚平靜的睡眠。可知，Goldster的課程有健康課程、睡眠提升課以及寫作練習課程，不包含插花課程，故選A。3．考查推理判斷。根據第一段"Areyoulookingtobridgethegapbetweenlifestyleandhealth,andstartthepositivejourneyoflivinglongerandbetter?"你是想要彌補生活方式和健康之間的差距，開啟活得更長更健康的積極之旅？；以及后文對Goldster直播課程的介紹可知，本文主要是為了宣傳Goldster這一網絡直播課程，因此本文是一則廣告，故選B。【答案】4．B5．C6．B7．A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了女性代表不足的STEM領域的領導者Erukhimova走向成功的故事。

【點評】本題考點涉及細節理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，首先要仔細閱讀短文，掌握大意，然后結合具體的題目，再讀短文，從中找出相關信息，就可以確定正確答案。4．考查細節理解。根據第二段中的"Knownas‘Dr.Tatiana',theprofessorperformsphysicstrickswithboundlessenergyandenthusiasminhervideos."這位被稱為‘塔蒂亞娜博士'的教授在她的視頻中以無限的能量和熱情表演物理技巧。可知，Tatiana的網上視頻以充滿能量和熱情的表演為主，故選B。5．考查推理判斷。根據第三段"However,thingsaren'talwayseasy.Whenshefirststartedteachingcollegefreshmanclassestwodecadesago,shealsostruggledtograbtheattentionofherstudents.‘Ididnotgrabtheirattentiononthefirstday-thatwasmymistake.'shesays.‘Imissedthisopportunitytobondwiththemfromtheverybeginning,andthenittookmeawhiletofindmyvoice.'"然而，事情并不總是那么容易。當她第一次開始教授大學生時，她也很難吸引學生的注意力。‘第一天我沒有引起他們的注意，那是我的錯'。她說道。‘從第一開始我就錯過了與他們建立聯系的機會，后來我花了一段時間才找到自己的聲音'。可知，20年前，在第一節課上，Erukhimova未能吸引到學生的注意力，因此她后面付出了很多才讓學生對這門學科感興趣，因此"第一印象是成敗的關鍵"，故選C。6．考查細節理解。根據倒數第二段中的"PhysicsdepartmentheadGrigoryRogachevsaysErukhimova'sworkhashelpedbringvisibilitytothedepartment,withabout2.5millionsubscribersonitsdepartment'sYouTubepage"物理系主任GrigoryRogachev說道，Erukhimova的工作有助于提高物理系的知名度，該系的YouTube頁面上約有250萬訂閱者。可知，Erukhimova的工作提高了物理系的知名度，讓更多人知道了物理系，故選B。7．考查推理判斷。根據最后一段"AsaleaderinaSTEMfieldinwhichwomenareunderrepresented,she'sbecomearolemodelforsome."作為女性代表不足的STEM領域的領導者，她已經成為了一些人的榜樣。可知，她是很多人的榜樣，因此作為STEM領域的領導者，她是鼓舞人心的，激勵人的，故選A。【答案】8．D9．A10．C11．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，探討了全球氣候變化對葡萄酒產業，特別是香檳酒生產的影響。

【點評】本題考點涉及細節理解，詞義猜測和標題歸納三個題型的考查，是一篇環保類閱讀，通讀全文，理解文章大意，閱讀題目后返回原文閱讀并找出與題目相對應的內容，仔細核對，選擇符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次閱讀并檢查。8．考查細節理解。根據第二段中的"By2050,about85%ofthelandsthatwegrowgoodwinegrapesonwillnolongerproducesuitablewinegrapes."到2050年，我們種植優質釀酒葡萄的土地中，約85%將不再生產合適的釀酒葡萄。可知，這意味著到2050年，大約85%的原本適合種植優質釀酒葡萄的土地將不再能產出適合釀酒的葡萄。因此，氣候變化威脅葡萄酒生產的方式是減少了適合釀酒的葡萄的產量。故選D。9．考查詞義猜測。根據第三段中的"‘Wineiskindofthecanary(金絲雀)inthecoalmineforclimatechangeimpactsonagriculturebecausesomuchofthecharacterofwineistiedtothelocalclimate.'saidBenjaminCook,aclimatescientist.""就氣候變化對農業的影響而言，葡萄酒就像是煤礦里的金絲雀，因為葡萄酒的很多特性都與當地氣候有關。"氣候科學家BenjaminCook說。可知，氣候學家將葡萄就像煤礦里的金絲雀，與氣候密切相關。可推測，葡萄對于氣候的變化很敏感，也就是說葡萄容易受到氣候的影響。故選A。10．考查細節理解。根據第四段中的"IntheChampagneregionofFrance,thesechangescanalterthedistinctivepersonalitiesofgrapesgrownthere.‘Ifitmaturestooquickly,theratioofacidityandsugarmightbedifferent.'Cooksaid."在法國的香檳產區，這些變化可以改變葡萄的獨特個性。"如果它成熟得太快，酸度和糖分的比例可能會不同。"Cook說；以及第五段中的"Agrape'squalitiesaredependentonitsenvironment.Withawarmingplanet,it'shardertoproducegrapesthatmakechampagnetastesweeterandboozier(酒精濃度高的)."葡萄的品質取決于它生長的環境。隨著全球變暖，越來越難生產出能讓香檳口感更甜、酒精濃度高的葡萄。可知，葡萄的酸度和糖分的比例會影響香檳的味道。故選C。11．考查標題歸納。根據第一段"Thetasteofchampagneasweknowitcouldchangebeyondrecognitioninthecomingyears.Asglobaltemperaturescontinuetorise,theclimatecrisisposesathreattotheproductionofwine."我們所知道的香檳的味道在未來幾年可能會變得面目全非。隨著全球氣溫持續上升，氣候危機對葡萄酒的生產構成了威脅；以及倒數第二段"ThedownsideforthoseSwedishwinemakers?Ifthosechampagnegrapesaren'tgrownintheChampagneregionofFrance,youcan'tcallitchampagne,whichisaprotecteddesignationoforigin."這些瑞典釀酒師的不利之處是什么？如果這些香檳葡萄不是生長在法國香檳地區，你就不能稱它為香檳，這是受保護的原產地名稱；結合全文內容可知，文章主要討論的是氣候變化對香檳生產的影響，特別是由于氣候變化導致適合種植釀酒葡萄的土地減少，這可能威脅到香檳的生產。"香檳很快就會停止生產香檳嗎？"點明了文章討論的核心問題，即氣候變化可能導致香檳產區的葡萄種植受影響，進而影響到香檳的生產。故選C。【答案】12．A13．D14．B15．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了常見的因果關系謬論主要包括過于簡單化和夸大的謬論，文章重點介紹了造成過于簡單化謬論的原因以及具體的例子。

【點評】本題考點涉及細節理解，推理判斷和段落大意三個題型的考查，是一篇介紹類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節信息的基礎上，進一步根據上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。12．考查段落大意。根據第三段中的"Onemotivationforsimplificationisthebasicadvicegiventowriters"過于簡化的一個動機就是給作家的基本建議；以及"AnothercontributingfactortooversimplificationistheoveruseofanimportanttoolincriticalthinkingcalledOceam'sRazor"另一個導致過于簡單話的因素就是過度使用了一種名為Oceam'sRazor的批判性思維。可知，本段主要介紹了造成過于簡單化的原因，故選A。13．考查細節理解。根據第三段中的"AnothercontributingfactortooversimplificationistheoveruseofanimportanttoolincriticalthinkingcalledOceam'sRazor,aprinciplethatstatesthatthesimplestexplanationthatfitsthedataisthepreferableone."另一個導致過度簡單化的因素是過去使用一種名為Oceam'sRazor的批判性思維，該原則指出，符合數據的最簡單的解釋就是最好的解釋。可知，基于Oceam'sRazor，作家會認為符合數據的最簡單的解釋就是最好的解釋，而最簡單的解釋不一定就是準確的，因此過度簡單化的作家會一味地相信最簡單的解釋，故選D。14．考查推理判斷。根據倒數第二段"Thisargumentexhibitsoversimplificationbecauseitassumesproblemsinschools(increasingviolence,decreasingacademicperformancecanbeattributedtoasinglecause:thetimeyoungpeoplespendplayingvideogamesthatfeatureviolence).Variousotherfactors,includingsocialandeconomicconditionsthatmaycontributetoachild'smentalhealth,areignored."這一論點過于簡單化，因為它假設學校存在問題（暴力事件的增加、學習成績的下降可能歸因于一個簡單的原因：年輕人玩以暴力為特征的電子游戲的時間。）但其他因素，包括可能有助于兒童心理健康的社會和經濟條件，都被忽視了。可知，簡單化不懂得從各個角度來考慮問題，而是一味地將原因歸咎在一件事情上，"最近的貨幣政策是導致經濟下滑的全部原因"就是一個典型的過于簡單化的例子，故選B。15．考查推理判斷。根據最后一段"Relatedtothefallacyofoversimplificationisthefallacyofexaggeration-multiplyingacoupleofcausesintomany."與過于簡單化的謬論相關的就是將幾個原因夸大為多個原因的謬論。可知，文章最后提到了與過于簡單化的謬論相關的夸大謬論，且前文提到了過于簡單化的原因并給出了相關的例子，接下來也將講述夸大謬論的原因以及具體例子，故選C。【答案】16．F；17．E；18．D；19．A；20．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了一些方法以幫助我們走出失去朋友的痛苦。

【點評】考查七選五，本文是一篇生活類閱讀，要求在理解細節信息的基礎上，著重考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。16．根據空前"Somearewithusfordecades."有些已經存在了幾十年。可知，空前講述的是有的朋友已經在我們身邊多年。F.Butnotallofthemcanstandthetestoftime."但并不是所有的都能經受住時間的考驗。"延續上文內容，指的是有的朋友會陪伴我們很久，有些朋友卻不能經受時間的考驗。故選F。17．根據空后"Infact,people,onaverage,loseabouthalfoftheirfriendseverysevenyears."事實上，人們平均每七年就會失去一半的朋友。可知，人們每七年就會失去一半的朋友。E.Losingfriendsisaregularpartoflife."失去朋友是生活中很正常的一部分。"與下文內容保持一致，指的是失去朋友很正常，人們每七年就會失去一半的朋友。故選E。18．根據空后"Andbecausethey'reneverdirectlyaddressed,peoplegettoapointwheretheywanttoendthefriendshipbeforeactuallyaddressingtheproblem.‘因為這些問題從來沒有被直接解決過，所以人們會在真正解決問題之前就想結束友誼。可知，下文講述的是因為這些問題沒有解決，所以人們想要結束友誼。D.Smallthingscankindofaccumulate."小事情會累積起來。"其中的"smallthings"正是下文提到的"they"，內容上也與下文保持一致。指的是小事慢慢堆積成為問題，問題不被解決使人們想要結束友誼。故選D。19．根據空前"IlostsomeoneI'mverycloseto."我失去了一個很親近的人。可知，失去朋友就是失去了一個很親近的人。A.ThatmeansIlovethemdeeply."那意味著我深深地愛著他們。"是上文內容的自然延續，指的所謂的親近的人也是我們所深愛的人，失去他們，我們自然感到悲傷。故選A。20．根據空后"It'simportantnottoblameyourselfandbemeantoyourselffornotgettingoverthelossofafriendship.Justbecausethishappenedlikethisdoesn'tmeanmorefriendshipswillhappenlikethis.Allowyourselftohaveafreshperspectivewhenyouenternewfriendships.Youdon'twanttogointoanewconnectionfearfully."重要的是不要因為沒有從失去友誼中走出來而責怪自己，也不要對自己刻薄。僅僅因為這樣的事情發生了并不意味著會有更多這樣的友誼發生。當你開始一段新的友誼時，讓自己有一個新的視角。你不想害怕地進入一段新的關系。可知，本段主要講述的是不要苛責自己。B.Bekindtoyourselfalongtheway."一路走來，要善待自己。"與本段內容相符，指的是善待自己。故選B。【答案】21．C；22．A；23．C；24．A；25．B；26．D；27．B；28．C；29．A；30．D；31．C；32．D；33．B；34．A；35．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了學巴西柔術的Gonzales幫助警察捉拿嫌疑犯這一事件，視頻傳到網上，Gonzales的技術得到了柔術四級黑帶教練的稱贊。