廣東省韶關市2024屆高三下學期綜合測試（二）英語試題姓名：__________班級：__________考號：__________題號一二三四五總分評分一、閱讀，第一節，閱讀下列短文，從每小題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀理解ThecuisinethatmarksChristmasisasdiverseasthepeoplefeastingonit.Here'salookathowthelocalscelebrateChristmasthroughcuisineintheircountries,whichwillgiveyouaglimpseofthecelebrations.EnglandTherealfestivitiesstartonChristmasmorningwithchampagneandsmokedsalmon.AftertheKing'sorQueen'sannualChristmasspeech,it'stimeforthemainmeal,typicallyincludingaturkeyorroastbeefaccompaniedbyvarioussidedishes.FranceTheFrenchcelebratetheirChristmasEvewithalavishmeal,withseafoodservedfirst.Themaincourseusuallyconsistsofaroosterthat'srenownedforitstenderness.FineredwinefromBurgundycan'tbemissedofcourse.ItalySimilartoFrance,ItalianscelebrateChristmasontheeve.ThelocalstypicallyattendmidnightMassandthenindulgeinalavishmealbeforeheadingtochurch.Forthemaincourse,northernItaliansoftenhavestuffedturkey,whilethoseinseasideareasmayfeastonalargebakedseabassaccompaniedbyroastedpotatoesandvegetables.GreeceAfterattendinganearlymorningholycommunioninchurchonChristmas,Greeksgohomeforanall-dayeatinggathering.Familiesgatheraroundthefireplace,feastingonaspecialwheatbreadonlymadeatChristmas.Later,themaincoursemayincluderoastchickenstuffedwithchestnuts.1．WhatactivitydistinguishesEnglandinChristmascelebration?A．Theseafood-themeddinner.B．TheyearlyRoyaladdress.C．Thereligiousceremony.D．Themaincoursefeaturingturkey.2．Toexperiencethereligiousatmosphere,you'dbetterspendChristmasin____.A．FranceandItaly. B．EnglandandFrance.C．EnglandandGreece. D．ItalyandGreece.3．Fromwhichcolumnofthemagazineisthepassageprobablyfrom?A．Religionandculture. B．Dietandhealth.C．Festivalandtradition. D．Sportsandfitness.閱讀理解Fornearlytwodecades,athin,sun-burntpostalworkercouldfrequentlybeseencarryingpackagesalongadangcrousmountaintrailintheTaihangMountains.The10-kilometer-longroute,whichisbetween20centimetersand1meterwide,isknownasthe"catroad"bylocals,meaningthatitissodangerousthatonlycatscouldwalkonit.Whereas,ZhaoYuefang,apostalworkerinEwutownshipinHuguancounty,Shanxiprovince,hadtowalktherouteeverydaytodelivermail.Everydayatthecrackofdawn,hewouldstarthisjourneyalongthe"catroad".Frompickinguptheday'sposttodeliveringittovillagersandreturningalongthesameroute,ittookZhaofourdays.Duringrainyandsnowyseasons,themountainroad,partofwhichhugsthecliffs,wouldbecomeslipperyanddangerous.Onedayinthewinterof2003,the"catroad"wascoveredinthicksnowandheslippedoffthetrail.Fortunately,hewasabletostophissharpdescentbygrabbingatreebranchandslowlymanagedtoclimbtosafety.By2012,Zhaohadwalkedmorethan300,000kmanddeliveredover800,000piecesofmail.Bornandraisedinthedeepmountains,Zhaotrulyunderstandsthesignificanceofmaildeliveriestovillagers."Theydependonthemailtokeepintouchwiththeoutsideworld,"hesaid."Theirsheerjoywrittenontheirfacewhilereceivinganypoststruckme,"headded.In2012,a67-km-longtouristhighwaywasbuiltandgonewerethosedayswhenZhaoriskedhislifetowalkonthe"catroad".ButZhaowasevenbusierthanbefore."ThenumberofpackagesIhandledailynowexceedsthenumberIusedtodealwithinthepast,"saidZhao,addingthatvillagersareturningtoonlineshoppingandorderingmoreandmoregoodsbypost.4．Whyisthemountaintrailreferredtoas"catroad"?A．It'sshapedlikeacat.B．It'sintendedforcats.C．Itistoonarrowandrisky.D．Itrainscatsanddogsthere.5．Whatdoestheword"descent"inparagraph3mean?A．Fall. B．Pain. C．Turn. D．Landing.6．Accordingtothepassage,whichwordscanbestdescribeZhao?A．Persistentanddedicated. B．Diligentandambitious.C．Considerateandconfident. D．Courageousandgenerous.7．WhathasalwaysmotivatedZhao'senthusiasmforhisjob?A．Thevillagers'respectforhim.B．Hisbeingbornandraisedthere.C．Today'shugenumberofthepackages.D．Thevalueofthedeliveriestothelocals閱讀理解Islifeastoryoragame?Answersmayvaryfromonetoanother.Overthecourseoflife,wefindthingstoloveandcommitto—ajob,apartneroracommunity.Attimes,westruggletolearnfromourmisfortunestogrowinwisdom,kindnessandgrace.WillStorr,awriterwhoseworkIadmire,saysthisstoryversionoflifeisamisunderstanding.InhisbookTheStatusGame,hearguesthathumanbeingsaredeeplydrivenbystatus.Ratherthanaboutbeinglikedoraccepted,hewrites,it'saboutbeingbetterthanothers."Whenpeopleareobedienttous,offerrespect,admirationorpraise,that'sstatus.Itfeelsgood."Lifeisaseriesofgames,headds.There'sthehighschoolgameofcompetingtobethepopularkid.Thelawyergametomakepartner.Thefinancegametomakethemostmoney.Theacademicgameforfame.Thesportsgametoshowthatourteamisthebest.Evenwhenwearetryingtodogood,Storrclaims,we'replayingthe"virtuegame"toshowwearemorallysuperiortoothers.IthinkStorrisindangerofbecomingoneofthoseguyswhoignorethenobledesiresofthehumanheartandthecaringelementineveryfriendshipandfamily.Thestatus-madworldthatStorrdescribesissoloveless.Infact,gamingasawayoflifeisimmature.Maturitymeansrisingabovetheshallowdesire—forstatus—thatdoesn'treallynourishus.It'saboutcultivatingthehigherdesires:theloveoftruthandlearning;theinnerpleasurethecraftsmangetsinhiswork,whichisnotaboutpopularity,andthedesireforagoodandmeaningfullifethatinspirespeopletopractisedailyactsofgenerosity.Howdopeoplegraduallylearntocultivatethesehighermotivations?Toanswerthat,I'dhavetotellyouastory.8．WhatliesinthecoreofWillStorr'sopinionaboutlife?A．Theprideinone'svirtue. B．Thepursuitofsuperiority.C．Thedesireforacceptance. D．Themotivationbywealth.9．Whatcanbeviewedashighermotivationsinthetext?A．Loveandinspiration. B．Maturityanddesire.C．Commitmentandkindness. D．Friendshipandpopularity.10．What'sthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Tocorrectanattitude. B．Tocomparetwovalues.C．Toexplaintwoarguments. D．Tocriticizeaviewpoint.11．Whatstorydoyouthinktheauthorwilltellnext?A．Aking's-comebackstory. B．Arags-to-richesstory.C．AYuanLongping-stylestory. D．Anovernight-successstory.閱讀理解Wouldapersonbornblind,whohaslearnedtodistinguishobjectsbytouch,beabletorecognizethempurelybysightifheregainedtheabilitytosee?Thequestion,knownasMo?yneux'sproblem,isaboutwhetherthehumanmindhasabuilt-inconceptofshapesthatissoinbornthatablindpersoncouldimmediatelyrecognizeanobjectwithrestoredvision.Alternatively,theconceptsofshapesarenotinbornbuthavetobelearnedbyexploringanobjectthroughsight,touchandothersenses.Aftertheirattempttotestitinblindchildrenfailed,LarsChittkaofQueenMaryUniversityofLondonandhisteamcarriedoutanotherexperimentonbumblebees.Totestwhetherbumblebeescanformaninternalrepresentationofobjects,theyfirsttrainedtheinsectstodistinguishglobesfromcubesusingasugarreward.Thebeeswerefirsttrainedinthelight,wheretheycouldseebutnottouchtheobjects.Thentheyweretestedinthedark,wheretheycouldtouchbutnotseetheitems.Theresearchersfoundthattheinsectsspentmoretimeincontactwiththeshapetheyhadbeentrainedtoassociatewiththesugarreward,eventhoughtheyhadtorelyontouchratherthansighttodistinguishtheobjects.Theresearchersalsodidtheoppositetestwithuntrainedbumblebees,firstteachingthemwithrewardsinthedarkandthentestingtheminthelight.Again,thebeeswereabletorecognizetheshapeassociatedwiththesugarreward,thoughtheyhadtorelyonsightratherthantouchinthetest.Inshort,beeshavesolvedMolyneux'sproblembecausethefactsuggeststhattheycanpictureobjectfeaturesandaccessthemthroughsightortouch.However,someexpertsexpresstheirwarningsagainsttheresult.JonathanBirch,aphilosopherofscience,cautionsthatthebeesmayhavehadpriorexperienceassociatingvisualandtactile(觸覺)informationaboutstraightedgesandcurvedsurfacesintheirnests.12．WhatisMolyneux'sproblemabout?A．Whethermankind'ssenseoftouchoutweighssight.B．Whethermankind'sideaofshapeisinbornorlearned.C．Whetherblindpeoplecanidentifytheshapeofanitem.D．Whethertheblindcanregaintheirsenseoftouchafterrecovery.13．HowdidLarsChittkaandhiscolleaguestrytofigureoutMolyneux'sproblem?A．Byexperimentingonblindchildren.B．Byconductingcontrolledexperiments.C．Byrewardingbumblebeeswithsugar.D．Byobservingbumblebeesintheirnests.14．WhatisJonathanBirch'sattitudetowardstheconclusionofthebeeexperiments?A．Skeptical. B．Supportive. C．Dismissive. D．Ambiguous.15．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．ScientistsFoundSensesMatterB．Visual-TactilePuzzleHasBeenSolvedC．ExperimentsWillHelptheBlindRegainSightD．BumblebeesMayHelpSolveMolyneux'sProblem二、閱讀，第二節(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，選項中有兩項為多余選項。DailyHabitstoHelpYouGetHealthierin2024Manyofushopetomakechangesforthebetterforthenewyear,andhealthgoalstendtobeatthetopofthatlist.SometimesNewYear'swishesrequiresomesacrifices.16．Belowaresomeachievabledailyhabitsthatkeepyouroverallhealth.Prioritizesleep.Yourbodyneedstimenotonlytorestandrecharge,butalsotodoimportantworklikelearningnewthings.Expertssuggestteenagersshouldget.atleasteighthourssleepeachday.Ifthisisachallengeforyou,turntoyourcircadianrhythm,whichtellsyoutherighttimetosleepandwakeup.17．Justgotobedandgetupatthesametimeeveryday.Takeabreakfromelectronics.Infact,studieshavefoundthatscreenaddictionhasanegativeinfluenceonourhealth.18．Keepingawayfromscreencanimproveyoursleep,andreducedepressionandanxiety.Thus,remembertosparetimeeachdaywhenyou'rescreen-free.19．Yourhealthyhabitscanalsobefunandrewarding.Whathaveyoualwayswantedtodo?Youranswertothatquestionmightpointyoutowardanewhobbytoexplorein2024.Andgettingintoitcanhelpyoureducestressandboostmentalwell-being.Plus,somehobbiescangetyoumoving,boostingyourphysicalandmentalhealth.20．Ultimately,youcanpickoneortwohealthydailyhabits.AndIamsureyou'llbemovingtowardahealthier,happier2024.A.Fightagainststress.B.Takeonanewhobby.C.Fortunately,doingtheoppositeisbeneficial.D.Thenhowdoyouuseyourbodyclockforbettersleep?E.Forbettersleep,perhapsmakethatthelastthingbeforebed.F.However,wedon'thavetogiveuptoomuchtorealizethemG.Maybeplayingbasketballordoingyogawillbeagoodchoice三、語言運用，第一節(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每小題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。OnahotafternoonRhiannonwasdrivingheroldvandownthehighway.Asshe21．herwindowtoletinsomefreshair,hercarregistrationpaperblewoffthesunvisor(防曬板)andontothefloorinside.Whenleaningdownto22．it,sheaccidentallydriftedintooncomingtraffic,inpanic,sheover-correctedandpulledthe23．sharplyintheotherdirection.24．,thevanrolledoverthreetimes,andRhiannonwasthrownontotheroad,lyinginthemiddleoftheroadandbleeding,nearly25．.Amedicalstudentwitnessedtheaccidentandcametoher26．.HecoveredRhiannonwithhiscoatandgaveheremergencyfirstaid,including27．thewoundonherleftarmbeforetheambulancearrived.28．,Rhiannonwasrushedtoahospitalwhereanemergencyroomdoctorspenthours29．allthepiecesofwindshield(擋風玻璃)fromherarm,andgaveherthreedozenstitches(縫針).Luckily,Rhiannonwassaved.Notforthebandage,shewouldnothave30．longenoughfortheemergencypersonneltoarrive.ThoughRhiannondidn'tknowhim,shewasgratefultothemedicalstudentwhosavedherlife.Soshe31．thewordsonline,"It'sapitythatIdon'tknowyourname.Ifyouhappentoseeorhearthisstoryandrecognizeyourself,thankyouforyourkind32．."Rhiannonalsohadamessagefortheother33．heroes,"Pleaseconsiderthisapay-it-forwardletterof34．—aletterfromthe35．youhelpedwho,forwhateverreason,couldn'tthankyouthemselves."21．A．rolleddown B．brokeoffC．turneddown D．switchedoff22．A．stick B．grab C．touch D．possess23．A．handle B．engine C．window D．wheel24．A．Consequently B．AutomaticallyC．Frequently D．Slowly25．A．awake B．astonished C．unconscious D．crazy26．A．vision B．action C．rescue D．mind27．A．bandaging B．curing C．pressing D．uncovering28．A．Withoutdelay B．OutofsympathyC．Forcertainty D．Indespair29．A．tidying B．removing C．collecting D．checking30．A．suffered B．struggled C．stayed D．survived31．A．searched B．browsed C．received D．posted32．A．guidance B．gestureC．expression D．encouragement33．A．tireless B．faultless C．nameless D．speechless34．A．apology B．application C．invitation D．appreciation35．A．peers B．strangers C．relatives D．fellows四、語言運用，第二節(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀短文內容，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。ThePeasants(Ⅱ)Atnoontheyhoeupweeds;Theirsweatdripsonthesoil.WhoknowsthericethatfeedsIsthefruitofhardtoil!Foodisanecessityforsurvival.Butdoyouknowhowmuchworkgoesintoproducingit?ThepoemThePeasants(II),36．(write)byLiShen,aTangDynastypoet,shows37．(we)thehardshipofthepeasants.Thefirsttwolinesdescribeacommonscene38．peasantsareworkingtheirlandsatnoonwiththesun39．(hang)highinthesky,sweatdripping.Inthelasttwolines,thepoet40．(direct)pointsoutthatthericeweeatisthefruitofpeasants'hardwork.Simpleasthepoemisinitslanguage,itisprofoundinthetheme,remindingpeople41．thesignificanceoftreasuringfood.AccordingtotheFAO,anestimated1.3billiontonsoffood,orone-thirdof42．totalfoodproducedforhumanconsumption,iswastedgloballyeachyear.Therefore,it'shighlysuggestedthateverygrainofrice43．(value).InChina,wehaveadoptedalawonfoodwaste44．(offer)legalbackingtothecountry'seffortswhichnotonlysafeguardfoodsecurity45．promotethetraditionalvirtueofthrift(節儉)aswell.Nexttimeyouwanttothrowawayfood,pleasethinktwice.五、寫作(共兩節，滿分40分)46．假設你是育才中學高三學生李華，上周六你參加了學校舉辦的大學生返校，分享活動。請為校英語報寫一篇英文報道。內容如下：

1.活動目的；

2.活動內容；

3.活動反響。注意：

1.寫作詞數應為80個左右；

2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。CollegeStudents'Sharing47．閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。IclearlyrememberthedayIwalkedintoclasswithabigchange—myveryfirstpairofeyeglassesandIwasthefirsttowearglassesinmyprimaryschool.Iwasfilledwithexcitement,eagertoshowthemofftomyfriends.Ihadchosenpinkframedglasses,thinkingtheywouldlookfantasticonme.Ihadneverwornglassesbefore,soselectingthemfeltlikeafunshoppingexperience.IgottopicktheshapeIlikedandevenchoseaprettypinkandpurplecolourcombination.Thereasonbehindgettingtheglasseswasmypooreyesight.Icouldn'tcopywordsandpropergrammarfromtheblackboardbecauseIsatatthebackoftheclass,andeverythingwastoovagueformetosee.MyfriendwouldreadaloudeveryphrasetomesothatIcouldwritethemdown,likeaparrot.Wearingthoseglasseswaslikesteppingintoa3Dcinematicworld.Icouldseeeverythingasclearlyandeachtinydetailfeltlikeadelightfulsurprise.However,onthedayIworemyglassestoschool,everyone'sreactiontomytransformationwasbeyondmyexpectation.Alltheboyslaughedandeventeasedme.Somekind-heartedgirlsforcedasmileandtoldmethatmyglasseslookedgoodonme,butIknewtheydidn't.Theyalllied.ThoughIneededthoseglassesmorethanIwantedthem,yetIstartedtodislikemynewglassesinthefollowingweek.Amonthpassed,myclassmatesstillweren'tusedtoseeingmeinglassesandItookthemoffduringthelunchbreakorwhentheclassesweredismissed.However,littledidIknowthatmydecisiontowearthemwouldchangethelivesofmanyofmyfriends.注意：1.續寫詞數應為150左右2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。OneMonday,oneofmyfriendslookedatmewithcuriosity.……Aweeklater,Iwasshockedtoseethesamefriendreturntoschoolwithapairofglasses.

答案解析部分【答案】1．B2．D3．C【解析】【分析】這是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了一些國家的當地人是如何通過美食來慶祝圣誕節的。

【點評】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及細節理解題和推理判斷題兩種題型。細節理解題要求考生能在快速閱讀文章的同時，從中獲取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意義。做細節理解題時，要根據題干中的關鍵詞，找準相關句、段的內容，再仔細對照，不符合原文意義的選項要首先排除，反之，則是正確選項。做推理判斷題時，要求考生不能憑主觀臆斷推測或妄加猜測，必須忠實于原文，以材料所提供的相關事實和線索為依據，使做出的推理合乎文意。1．細節理解題。由文章England部分中"AftertheKing'sorQueen'sannualChristmasspeech,it'stimeforthemainmeal,typicallyincludingaturkeyorroastbeefaccompaniedbyvarioussidedishes.(在國王或女王的年度圣誕演講之后，是吃正餐的時間，通常包括火雞或烤牛肉以及各種配菜。)"可知，在圣誕節慶祝活動中，英國有一年一度的王室致辭。故選B。2．細節理解題。由文章Italy部分中"SimilartoFrance,ItalianscelebrateChristmasontheeve.ThelocalstypicallyattendmidnightMassandthenindulgeinalavishmealbeforeheadingtochurch.(和法國人一樣，意大利人在圣誕節前夕慶祝圣誕節。當地人通常會參加午夜彌撒，然后在去教堂之前享受一頓豐盛的大餐。)"和Greece部分中"AfterattendinganearlymorningholycommunioninchurchonChristmas,Greeksgohomeforanall-dayeatinggathering.(在圣誕節清晨參加完教堂的圣餐后，希臘人會回家吃上一整天。)"可知，要體驗宗教氛圍，最好在意大利和希臘。故選D。3．推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是由文章第一段"ThecuisinethatmarksChristmasisasdiverseasthepeoplefeastingonit.Here'salookathowthelocalscelebrateChristmasthroughcuisineintheircountries,whichwillgiveyouaglimpseofthecelebrations.(慶祝圣誕節的美食和享用圣誕大餐的人一樣豐富多彩。下面我們來看看當地人是如何通過美食來慶祝圣誕節的，這將讓你對慶祝活動有一個大致的了解。)"可知，這段話可能來自雜志的節日和傳統一欄。故選C。【答案】4．C5．A6．A7．D【解析】【分析】本文是記敘文。它講述了一位名叫趙岳芳的郵政工作人員在太行山的危險山路上投遞郵件的故事，通過描述他的工作經歷和所面臨的挑戰，展現了其堅持不懈和奉獻精神。

【點評】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及細節理解題，推理判斷題和詞義猜測題三種題型。細節理解題要求考生能在快速閱讀文章的同時，從中獲取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意義。做細節理解題時，要根據題干中的關鍵詞，找準相關句、段的內容，再仔細對照，不符合原文意義的選項要首先排除，反之，則是正確選項。做推理判斷題時，要求考生不能憑主觀臆斷推測或妄加猜測，必須忠實于原文，以材料所提供的相關事實和線索為依據，使做出的推理合乎文意。詞句猜測題的解題方法包括利用指代關系、定義、定語、文章中的舉例、比較的詞語、構詞法知識、上下文語境、因果關系來推測詞義。4．細節理解題。根據第二段"The10-kilometer-longroute,whichisbetween20centimetersand1meterwide,isknownasthe"catroad"bylocals,meaningthatitissodangerousthatonlycatscouldwalkonit.(這條路長10公里，寬20厘米到1米，被當地人稱為"貓路"，意思是這條路非常危險，只有貓才能在上面走)"可知，因為這條路太窄，風險太大，只有貓才能在上面走，所以被稱為"貓路"。故選C。5．詞義猜測題。根據前文"Onedayinthewinterof2003,the"catroad"wascoveredinthicksnowandheslippedoffthetrail.(2003年冬天的一天，"貓路"被厚厚的積雪覆蓋，他滑下了小路)"在結合后文"grabbingatreebranch(抓住一根樹枝)"可知，他滑下了小路，但是他抓住一根樹枝，應是阻止了急劇的下降，推知descent意為"下降"之意，和A項意思相近。故選A。6．推理判斷題。根據第一段"Fornearlytwodecades,athin,sun-burntpostalworkercouldfrequentlybeseencarryingpackagesalongadangerousmountaintrailintheTaihangMountains.(近二十年來，在太行山的一條危險的山路上，經常可以看到一個瘦削的、被太陽曬得黝黑的郵遞員拎著包裹)"以及第三段"Everydayatthecrackofdawn,hewouldstarthisjourneyalongthe"catroad".Frompickinguptheday'sposttodeliveringittovillagersandreturningalongthesameroute,ittookZhaofourdays.Duringrainyandsnowyseasons,themountainroad,partofwhichhugsthecliffs,wouldbecomeslipperyanddangerous.(每天天一亮，他就沿著"貓路"出發。從取當天的郵件到把郵件送到村民手中，再沿著同一條路線返回，趙花了四天時間。在雨季和雪季，這條山道會變得很滑很危險，因為有一部分山道緊靠懸崖)"可知，趙岳芳20年來一直在太行山一條被稱為"貓路"的危險山路上投遞郵件，他堅持不懈、有奉獻精神，即使路線危險也不放棄，因此最能描述他的詞語是"Persistentanddedicated(堅持不懈和奉獻的)"。故選A。7．推理判斷題。根據第二段"Bornandraisedinthedeepmountains,Zhaotrulyunderstandsthesignificanceofmaildeliveriestovillagers."Theydependonthemailtokeepintouchwiththeoutsideworld,"hesaid."Theirsheerjoywrittenontheirfacewhilereceivinganypoststruckme,"headded.(在深山中出生和長大的趙真正理解給村民送郵件的意義。"他們依靠郵件與外界保持聯系，"他說。他補充說："他們在收到任何郵件時臉上寫著的那種純粹的快樂讓我印象深刻。")"可知，趙出生長大在深山，他真切理解郵件傳遞對于村民的重要性，所以是郵件傳遞的價值一直激勵著趙對于工作的熱情。故選D。【答案】8．B9．C10．D11．C【解析】【分析】這是一篇議論文，生活是一個故事還是一場游戲？作家WillStorr認為生活就是一系列的游戲，人類深受地位的驅使，作者指出這種生活態度是不成熟的，成熟意味著追求更高的愿望。

【點評】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及細節理解題和推理判斷題兩種題型。細節理解題要求考生能在快速閱讀文章的同時，從中獲取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意義。做細節理解題時，要根據題干中的關鍵詞，找準相關句、段的內容，再仔細對照，不符合原文意義的選項要首先排除，反之，則是正確選項。做推理判斷題時，要求考生不能憑主觀臆斷推測或妄加猜測，必須忠實于原文，以材料所提供的相關事實和線索為依據，使做出的推理合乎文意。8．細節理解題。根據第二段中"InhisbookTheStatusGame,hearguesthathumanbeingsaredeeplydrivenbystatus.Ratherthanaboutbeinglikedoraccepted,hewrites,it'saboutbeingbetterthanothers.‘Whenpeopleareobedienttous,offerrespect,admirationorpraise,that'sstatus.Itfeelsgood.'(在他的著作《地位游戲》中，他認為人類深受地位的驅使。他寫道，這不是關于被喜歡或被接受，而是關于比別人更好。‘當人們順從我們，給予尊重、欽佩或贊美時，這就是地位。感覺很好。')"可知，WillStorr的作品核心在于追求更高的地位，要比別人更好，B項"追求卓越"符合題意，故選B。9．推理判斷題。根據第一段中"Overthecourseoflife,wefindthingstoloveandcommitto—ajob,apartneroracommunity.Attimes,westruggletolearnfromourmisfortunestogrowinwisdom,kindnessandgrace.(在生命的過程中，我們會找到一些值得熱愛和承諾的事情——一份工作、一個伴侶或一個社區。有時，我們掙扎著從不幸中學習，在智慧、善良和優雅中成長)"和第四段中"It'saboutcultivatingthehigherdesires:theloveoftruthandlearning;theinnerpleasurethecraftsmangetsinhiswork,whichisnotaboutpopularity,andthedesireforagoodandmeaningfullifethatinspirespeopletopractisedailyactsofgenerosity.(它是關于培養更高的愿望：對真理和學習的熱愛；工匠從他的作品中獲得的內心愉悅，與受歡迎與否無關，以及對美好而有意義的生活的渴望，激勵著人們踐行慷慨的日常行為)"可知，C項"承諾和善良"可以被視為更高的動機，故選C。10．推理判斷題。根據全文內容，結合第四段中"IthinkStorrisindangerofbecomingoneofthoseguyswhoignorethenobledesiresofthehumanheartandthecaringelementineveryfriendshipandfamily.Thestatus-madworldthatStorrdescribesissoloveless.Infact,gamingasawayoflifeisimmature.Maturitymeansrisingabovetheshallowdesire—forstatus—thatdoesn'treallynourishus.It'saboutcultivatingthehigherdesires…(我認為斯托爾有可能成為那些忽視人類內心的崇高愿望和每一份友誼和家庭中的關懷元素的人之一。Storr所描述的這個為地位而瘋狂的世界是如此缺乏愛。事實上，游戲作為一種生活方式是不成熟的。成熟意味著超越膚淺的欲望——對地位的渴望——這并不能真正滋養我們。它是關于培養更高的愿望)"可知，文章首句"Islifeastoryoragame?(生活是一個故事還是一場游戲?)"提出問題：生活是一個故事還是一場游戲？接著提到了作家WillStorr對此問題的回答，WillStorr認為生活就是一系列的游戲，人類深受地位的驅使，接著作者提到這種生活態度是不成熟的，故本文目的是批判一種觀點，故選D。11．推理判斷題。根據第四段最后一句"It'saboutcultivatingthehigherdesires:theloveoftruthandlearning;theinnerpleasurethecraftsmangetsinhiswork,whichisnotaboutpopularity,andthedesireforagoodandmeaningfullifethatinspirespeopletopractisedailyactsofgenerosity.(它是關于培養更高的愿望：對真理和學習的熱愛；工匠從他的作品中獲得的內心愉悅，與受歡迎與否無關，以及對美好而有意義的生活的渴望，激勵著人們踐行慷慨的日常行為)"和最后一段"Howdopeoplegraduallylearntocultivatethesehighermotivations?Toanswerthat,I'dhavetotellyouastory.(人們如何逐漸學會培養這些更高的動機？要回答這個問題，我得給你講個故事)"可知，更高的愿望是對真理和學習的熱愛和對美好而有意義的生活的渴望，作者接下來要講述關于如何培養這些更高動機的故事，C項"一個袁隆平式的故事"符合更高動機的內涵，故選C。【答案】12．B13．B14．A15．D【解析】【分析】本文是說明文。這篇文章探討了Molyneux問題，即一個天生失明但通過觸摸學會區分物體的人在恢復視力后是否能夠通過視覺來識別物體。

【點評】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及細節理解題，推理判斷題和主旨大意題三種題型。細節理解題要求考生能在快速閱讀文章的同時，從中獲取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意義。做細節理解題時，要根據題干中的關鍵詞，找準相關句、段的內容，再仔細對照，不符合原文意義的選項要首先排除，反之，則是正確選項。做推理判斷題時，要求考生不能憑主觀臆斷推測或妄加猜測，必須忠實于原文，以材料所提供的相關事實和線索為依據，使做出的推理合乎文意。做主旨大意題時，要求考生抓住每段或每個層次的主要含義進行加工、提煉，通過對語篇結構的分析即對文章內部各層次間的邏輯關系的分析，將每段的主題綜合起來，找出文章的中心。12．細節理解題。根據第一段"Thequestion,knownasMolyneux'sproblem,isaboutwhetherthehumanmindhasabuilt-inconceptofshapesthatissoinbornthatablindpersoncouldimmediatelyrecognizeanobjectwithrestoredvision.Alternatively,theconceptsofshapesarenotinbornbuthavetobelearnedbyexploringanobjectthroughsight,touchandothersenses.(這個問題被稱為Molyneux的問題，是關于人類大腦是否有一種內在的形狀概念，這種概念是天生的，以至于盲人可以在恢復視力的情況下立即認出物體。另外，形狀的概念不是天生的，而是必須通過視覺、觸覺和其他感官探索物體來學習的)"可知，Molyneux問題的內容是人類的形狀觀念是天生的還是后天習得的。故選B。13．推理判斷題。根據第二段"Aftertheirattempttotestitinblindchildrenfailed,LarsChittkaofQueenMaryUniversityofLondonandhisteamcarriedoutanotherexperimentonbumblebees.Totestwhetherbumblebeescanformaninternalrepresentationofobjects,theyfirsttrainedtheinsectstodistinguishglobesfromcubesusingasugarreward.Thebeeswerefirsttrainedinthelight,wheretheycouldseebutnottouchtheobjects.Thentheyweretestedinthedark,wheretheycouldtouchbutnotseetheitems.Theresearchersfoundthattheinsectsspentmoretimeincontactwiththeshapetheyhadbeentrainedtoassociatewiththesugarreward,eventhoughtheyhadtorelyontouchratherthansighttodistinguishtheobjects.(在他們試圖在失明兒童身上進行測試失敗后，倫敦瑪麗女王大學的LarsChittka和他的團隊在大黃蜂身上進行了另一項實驗。為了測試大黃蜂是否能形成對物體的內部表征，他們首先用糖獎勵來訓練大黃蜂區分球形和立方體。蜜蜂首先在光線下訓練，在那里它們可以看到但不能觸摸物體。然后他們在黑暗中進行測試，在那里他們可以觸摸但看不到物品。研究人員發現，這些昆蟲花了更多的時間來接觸它們被訓練成與糖獎勵相關聯的形狀，盡管它們必須依靠觸覺而不是視覺來區分物體)"可知，LorsChittka和他的同事是通過控制實驗來研究Molyneux問題。故選B。14．推理判斷題。根據最后一段"However,someexpertsexpresstheirwarningsagainsttheresult.JonathanBirch,aphilosopherofscience,cautionsthatthebeesmayhavehadpriorexperienceassociatingvisualandtactile(觸覺)informationaboutstraightedgesandcurvedsurfacesintheirnests.(然而，一些專家對這一結果提出了警告。科學哲學家喬納森·伯奇(JonathanBirch)警告說，蜜蜂可能已經有了將巢中的直邊和曲面的視覺和觸覺信息聯系起來的經驗)"可知，JonathanBirch認為蜜蜂可能已經有了將巢中的直邊和曲面的視覺和觸覺信息聯系起來的經驗，所以是持懷疑的態度。故選A。15．主旨大意題。根據第一段"Thequestion,knownasMolyneux'sproblem,isaboutwhetherthehumanmindhasabuilt-inconceptofshapesthatissoinbornthatablindpersoncouldimmediatelyrecognizeanobjectwithrestoredvision.Alternatively,theconceptsofshapesarenotinbornbuthavetobelearnedbyexploringanobjectthroughsight,touchandothersenses.(這個問題被稱為Molyneux的問題，是關于人類大腦是否有一種內在的形狀概念，這種概念是天生的，以至于盲人可以在恢復視力的情況下立即認出物體。另外，形狀的概念不是天生的，而是必須通過視覺、觸覺和其他感官探索物體來學習的)"以及縱觀全文可知，本文主要講述了Molyneux問題，并通過大黃蜂來進行實驗研究，所以D項"BumblebeesMayHelpSolveMolyneux'sProblem(大黃蜂可能幫助Molyneux解決問題)"是本文最好的標題。故選D。【答案】16．F；17．D；18．C；19．B；20．G【解析】【分析】本文是說明文。介紹了幾種幫助你變得更健康的日常習慣。

【點評】考查任務型閱讀（七選五）。解題時，要求考生注意通讀整篇文章，把握整段脈絡，理出文章的中心，分析段落之間和段落內部的層次。選項與前后句之間的邏輯關系是確定答案的主要依據。可以從意思、關鍵詞、關聯詞來分析段落之間以及段落內部的邏輯關系。16．根據前文"Manyofushopetomakechangesforthebetterforthenewyear,andhealthgoalstendtobeatthetopofthatlist.SometimesNewYear'swishesrequiresomesacrifices.(我們中的許多人都希望在新的一年里做出更好的改變，而健康目標往往是最重要的。有時新年愿望需要一些犧牲)"以及后文"Belowaresomeachievabledailyhabitsthatkeepyouroverallhealth.(以下是一些可以實現的日常習慣，可以保持你的整體健康)"可知，前文講述新年愿望需要一些犧牲，后文開始介紹一些可以實現的日常習慣，前后為轉折關系，所以空處應和前文轉折，F項"However,wedon'thavetogiveuptoomuchtorealizethem.(然而，我們不需要放棄太多來實現它們)"符合文意，和前文構成轉折關系，并引出下文。故選F。17．根據前文"Yourbodyneedstimenotonlytorestandrecharge,butalsotodoimportantworklikelearningnewthings.Expertssuggestteenagersshouldgetatleasteighthourssleepeachday.Ifthisisachallengeforyou,turntoyo