UNIT1Foodforthought

SectionBUsinglanguage詞匯一function(1)n.(事物的)功能；作用；(某人的)職責

(2)v.起作用，正常運轉◆教材原句Nowtalkaboutthefunctionofmodals.現在談談情態動詞的功能。◆要點必記thefunctionoftheheart心臟的功能perform/fulfilafunction發揮功能；履行職責functionas起……作用functionwell/normally運轉良好/正常題組練·領悟方法核心詞匯單句語法填空(1)Comparedtothetraditionalones,

theyhavethreenewunique_________(function).(2)Wehaveasparebedroomthatalsofunctions_____astudy.單句寫作(3)Despitethepowercuts,thehospitalcontinuedto__________________(正常運作).(4)Inyournewjobyouwill______________________________(履行許多不同的職責).

performavarietyoffunctionsasfunctionnormallyfunctions詞匯二relatedadj.有關系的，相關的◆要點必記(1)arelatedquestion相關的問題astress-relatedillness壓力導致的疾病berelatedto與……有關系/有關聯beclosely/directlyrelatedto與……有密切的/直接的關系(2)relateto涉及；與……相關relateAtoB把A與B聯系起來(3)inrelationto關于……；與……相關◆誤區警示relatedto和connectedwith常在句中作后置定語，相當于which/that引導的定語從句。◆單詞積累relatev.有關聯；把……聯系起來relationn.關系；聯系relativeadj.相對的n.親戚relativelyadv.相當地，相對地單句語法填空(1)［詞匯復現］Hesuffersfrommemoryloss________(relate)tohisdisease.(2)Policenowbelievethatthethreecrimescouldbe________(relate).(3)Thestudyfoundadirect_________(relate)betweensmokingandlungcancer.(4)Weneedtoexplainwhytheseissuesareimportantandrelatethem______everydaylife.(5)Lackofexerciseisalsoariskfactorforheartdiseasebutit’s__________(relative)smallwhencomparedwiththeothers.單句寫作(6)［詞匯復現］Thereisnodoubtthatyourdisease_______________(與……有關)yourunhealthydiet.(7)Hisremarksdidn’t___________(與……有關)thetopicunderdiscussion.relatedrelatedrelationtorelativelyisrelatedtorelateto詞匯三diet(1)n.日常飲食；節食；規定飲食(2)v.節食，按規定進食◆教材原句Ifyoudarenottrya“painful”diettostayhealthy...如果你不敢嘗試“痛苦的”飲食來保持健康……◆要點必記ahealthy/balanced/poordiet健康的/均衡的/糟糕的飲食beonadiet在節食(表示狀態)goonadiet開始節食(表示動作)followadiet按照規定飲食sticktoadiet堅持某一種飲食單句語法填空(1)Goodhealthisconnectedwith______healthydiet.(2)Haveyoubeen______adiet?You’velostalotofweight.單句寫作(3)Tokeepfit,

weshouldhave________________(均衡的飲食)andtakeexerciseeveryday.(4)Idecidedto________________(節食)beforemyholiday.(5)Iwon’thaveanyicecream.I_________________________(正在節食).

aonabalanceddietgoonadietamonadiet/amdieting詞匯四addictn.對……著迷的人；吸毒成癮的人◆教材原句So,

ifyou’reasugaraddictandaren’tabletosaynotochocolateorcola,youhadbetterdownloaditnow!所以，如果你是一個愛吃糖的人，不能拒絕巧克力和可樂，你最好現在就下載它！◆要點必記(1)aTVaddict電視迷adrugaddict吸毒成癮的人(2)be/become/getaddictedto對……上癮；沉迷于……(to是介詞)◆單詞積累addictedadj.上癮的；對……著迷的addictiveadj.使人上癮的；使人入迷的addictionn.癮；入迷，嗜好單句寫作(1)Theyoungguy____________(沉迷于)surfingtheInternet單句語法填空(2)Onceyouget__________(addict)todrugs，youhavedifficultyingettingridofthem(3)Whatheisworriedaboutisthathissonhasbeenaddictedto________(play)computergames.(4)Tobaccoishighly_________(addict)becauseitcontainsnicotine.(5)Smokingisaharmfulhabitandmakespeople__________(addict)oncetheystartdoingitaddictedaddictiveaddictedplayingisaddictedto詞匯五customn.風俗，習慣，傳統◆教材原句...newanddifferentcustomscanalsobeconfusing.……新的和不同的習俗也會讓人感到困惑。◆要點必記alocalcustom當地的風俗習慣anold/ancientcustom舊的/古老的習俗thecustomofdoingsth.做某事的習俗Itisthecustom(forsb.)todosth.(某人)做某事是習慣。◆詞語辨析custom與habitcustom指社會的“風俗，習俗”。habit指個人的“習慣”。◆誤區警示custom的復數形式customs還可以表示“海關”；acustomsofficer海關官員。單句寫作(1)Youshouldadaptyourselfto____________(當地的風俗習慣)whenyougotoanewcountry.(2)InJapan____________________________(脫掉……是風俗)yourshoeswhenyouenterahouse.辨析填空(custom/habit)(3)ThecelebrationoftheSpringFestivalinChinaisa__________.(4)Hehasformedabad________ofsmokingsinceanearlyage.(5)Thereisanice_________inthearea.That’stosay，peoplehaveformedthe________ofgettingtogetherforcelebratingharvest.localcustomsitisthecustomtotakeoffcustomhabitcustomhabit詞匯六mannersn.禮貌，禮儀◆教材原句Tablemannersarenoexception.餐桌禮儀也不例外。◆要點必記havegood/badmanners有/沒有禮貌havenomanners毫無禮貌mindone’smanners注意禮貌It’sgood/badmannerstodosth.做某事是有/沒有禮貌的。◆歸納拓展mannern.方式，方法；舉止，態度ina...manner以……方式“用這種方式”的表達：inthisway,inthismanner,bythismeans,withthismethod。單句語法填空(1)［詞匯復現］It’sconsideredgood___________(manner)insomesocietiestoleavealittlefoodonyourplate.(2)Itisbadmanners________(talk)withyourmouthfull.單句寫作(3)Hismothertaughthimtoalways___________________(注意禮貌)withhiselders.(4)I’maprofessionalandIhavetoconductmyself______________________(以專業方式)mannerstotalkmindhismannersinaprofessionalmanner詞匯七incase(1)以防萬一(引導目的狀語從句)

(2)如果，假如(引導條件狀語從句)◆教材原句Sometimestherearesomanyknivesandforksthatyoudarenotpickthemupincaseyougetitwrong.有時候刀叉太多，你都不敢拿，怕拿錯了。◆要點必記incaseofsth.要是……，在……的時候(尤用于官方告示)inanycase無論如何，不管怎樣inthis/thatcase既然這樣/那樣；如果這樣/那樣的話innocase決不(位于句首時，句子用部分倒裝)◆誤區警示incase后常接一般現在時、一般過去時或should。Writeitdownincaseyouforget.(不說incaseyouwillforget)寫下來，免得你忘了。Here’sacontactnumber,incasethereshould(不說will/would)beaproblem.萬一出現什么問題，可以打這個聯絡電話。單句寫作(1)Hehadhiscameraready____________(以防)hesawsomethingthatwouldmakeagoodpicture.(2)____________(假如)I’mlate,startwithoutme.(3)__________________(如果發生)anemergency，breaktheglassandpressthebutton.(4)Ican’tunderstandwhyIcouldn’tdoit.__________________(不管怎樣),I’mgoingtotry.(5)Youdon’tlikeyourjob?__________________(如果那樣的話),whydon’tyouleave?(6)____________________________________(我們決不應阻止)thestudentsfromexploringnewideas.incaseIncaseIncaseofInanycaseInthatcaseInnocaseshouldweprevent單句語法填空(7)______isoftenthecasewitholdpeople,mygrandfatherisfondoftalkingaboutgoodolddays.(8)Takeanumbrellawithyou,

incaseit__________________(rain).Asrains/shouldrain詞匯八trick(1)n.訣竅，技巧，技法；惡作劇；詭計

(2)v.欺騙，誘騙，哄騙◆教材原句Thetrickistostartwiththeonesontheoutside.訣竅是從外面的開始。◆要點必記playatrick/tricksonsb.捉弄某人tricksb.intodoingsth.欺騙某人做某事tricksb.outofsth.從某人處騙走某物◆歸納拓展makefunofsb.取笑某人playajoke/jokesonsb.開某人的玩笑laughatsb.嘲笑某人單句語法填空(1)Thetrickis________(pick)theanimalupbythebackofitsneck.(2)Childrenliketoplaytricks_____eachotheronAprilFool’sDay.(3)Theyoungmanclaimedhewastrickedinto__________(carry)drugs.(4)Theoldwoman______________(trick)outofherlifesavings.(5)I’mafraidtheotherkidswilllaugh_____mebecauseIdon’tunderstandtopickoncarryingwastrickedat詞匯九handlen.

柄，把手v.處理，應付(=dealwith)◆教材原句Whenyoufinishyourmeal,youhadbetterplacetheknifeandforktogetheronyourplatewiththehandlesatthefouro’clockposition.吃完飯后，你最好把刀叉一起放在你的盤子上，把刀叉的柄放在四點鐘方向。◆要點必記thehandleofaknife刀柄turnthehandle轉動把手handle...well/properly/successfully很好地/妥當地/成功地處理……handleaproblem處理問題handledifficultcustomers應付苛刻的顧客handlestress調節壓力單句寫作(1)She__________________(轉動把手)andslowlyopenedthedoor.Totellthetruth，Idon’tknowifIcan________________________(做好這份工作).單句語法填空(3)Asnobodyhereknowswhatiswrongwiththemachine,

wemustsendforanengineer___________(handle)theproblem.(4)Wehavetheconfidenceandtheability___________(handle)thisimportantmatterwell.(5)Mostcustomersweresatisfiedwiththewaytheircomplaints_____________(handle).turnedthehandlehandlethejobwelltohandletohandlewerehandled詞匯十differv.不同，不一樣，有區別；(意見)有分歧◆教材原句Tablemanners,

however,

candifferindifferentsituations.然而，餐桌禮儀在不同的情況下會有所不同。◆要點必記(1)differin在……方面不同differfrom與……不同differ(withsb.)about/on/oversth.(與某人)在某事上持不同意見Ibegtodiffer.很抱歉，我不敢茍同。(2)bedifferentfrom與……不同bedifferentin在……方面不同單句語法填空(1)Leavesarefoundonallkindsoftrees,

buttheydiffergreatly______sizeandshape.(2)［詞匯復現］Thetwostudentsdiffer______oneanother_____theirabilitytohandlestress.(3)Ihavetodiffer______youonthat.(4)Medicalopinion_______(differ)astohowtotreatthedisease.(5)There’sabig___________(differ)betweenknowingthatsomethingistrue,andbeingabletoproveit. infrominwithdiffersdifference詞匯十一slightlyadv.略微，稍微◆教材原句Themeatballiscookedthrough,whichlookedslightlypinkinside.肉丸煮透了，里面看起來有點粉紅色。◆要點必記beslightlydifferent略微不同slightlyhigher/lower/better/larger稍高/低/好/大notintheslightest毫不，一點也不◆單詞積累slightadj.輕微的，略微的

單句語法填空

(1)Fortunately，thebabywas________(slight)injuredinthecaraccident.(2)Hisfamilythenmovedtoaslightly_______(large)house.(3)Thatdoesn’tinterestme______theslightest.單句寫作(4)—Didhemindlendingyouthecar?—____________________

(一點都不).slightlylargerinNotintheslightest詞匯十二recommendv.推薦，介紹；勸告，建議◆教材原句

Highlyrecommended!強烈推薦！◆要點必記(1)recommendsth.tosb.向某人推薦某物recommendsb.for...推薦某人做(某職位)recommendsb.as...推薦某人作為……(2)recommenddoingsth.建議做某事recommendthatsb.(should)dosth.建議某人做某事It’s(strongly)recommendedthat...(should)do...(強烈)建議……◆學法點撥在recommend(建議)后的從句中要用虛擬語氣，從句謂語用“should+動詞原形”，should可以省略。有類似用法的還有advise,

order,

suggest(建議)等。單句語法填空(1)Irecommendthisbook______anyonewithaninterestinchemistry.(2)Shewasrecommended______thepostbyacolleague.(3)Iwouldstronglyrecommend__________(buy)aqualitybicycleratherthanacheapone.單句寫作(4)Iboughtthisalbumafterafriend______________________(向我推薦它).(5)Itisstronglyrecommendedthatthemachines_______________________________(每年檢查一次).toforbuyingrecommendedittome(should)becheckedonceayear詞匯十三attack(1)v.侵襲，侵蝕；襲擊；攻擊；抨擊

(2)n.損害，傷害；襲擊；攻擊；抨擊；(疾病的)發作◆教材原句

Thesugarinsoftdrinksformsacidandattacksourteethforabout20minuteseachtimewedrinkthem.軟飲料中的糖會形成酸，每次我們喝的時候，糖會侵蝕我們的牙齒大約20分鐘。◆要點必記(1)adiseasethatattacksthebrain一種侵襲大腦的疾病attacksb.withsth.用某物襲擊某人attacktheenemy攻擊敵人attacksb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事而抨擊某人(2)anattackon對……的襲擊/攻擊/抨擊launch/makeanattack發起/進行攻擊be/comeunderattack遭到攻擊/抨擊haveaheartattack心臟病發作單句語法填空(1)Itisreportedthatthisdisease________(attack)thecentralnervoussystem.(2)Thewitnesssaidthewomanwasattacked______abrokenbottle.(3)Thechancesof_______________(attack)byasharkareverysmallcomparedtootherdangers.(4)Theschoolhascome______attackforfailingtoencouragebrightpupils.(5)Hisspeechiswidelyseenasanattack______theeducationsystem.單句寫作(6)Thegeneralcommandedthatthesoldiersshould________________________(對……進行攻擊)theenemy. attackswithbeingattackedunderonmakeanattackon詞匯十四withinprep.在……里，在……之內◆教材原句

Whengivingadvice,

it’susualtogiveyouropinionwithinyourfirstsentence.給出建議時，通常在第一句話就給出你的觀點。◆要點必記withinone’sreach在某人夠得到的范圍內withinone’srights在某人的權利范圍之內withinone’spower在某人的能力范圍之內withinwalkingdistance在步行距離之內withineasyreachof離……很近，靠近……withinsight在視野內，看得見withinlimits在合理限度內◆詞語辨析within與inside·within可以表示時間、空間；表示空間時，不表示具體的位置，而是范圍。·inside只表示空間，表示具體的位置。◆一言辨異Hewaswaitinginsidethehallandhesaidhisgrandmawouldbebackwithin10minutes.他在大廳里等著，并且說他奶奶10分鐘之內會回來。單句語法填空(1)Thebeachis________walkingdistanceofmyhouseandwecanhearthesoundofthesea.(2)Idon’tthinkitis_______yourpowertocarryontheresearch.(3)Youcancomeandgowhenyouwant—________limits.(4)Asshecame______sightofthehouse，shesawtwomengettingoutofacar.withinwithinwithinwithin單句寫作(5)Anambulancewasonthespot______________(幾分鐘內).(6)—I’mlookingforanearbyplaceformyholiday.Anygoodideas?—HowabouttheMoonLake?Itis____________________(離……很近)thecity.(7)Don’tleavematchesorcigarettesonthetableis____________________(在……夠得到的范圍內)littlechildren.withinminuteswithineasyreachofwithinthereachof句式一不定式作表語省略to的情況◆教材原句Allyouhavetodoisselectthephotosofhealthyfood.你所要做的就是選擇健康食品的照片。◆句式分析不定式短語selectthephotosofhealthyfood作表語，省略了不定式符號to。◆要點必記當主語部分含有實義動詞do的某種形式時，作表語的不定式可以省略to。現在分詞短語作原因狀語，一般位于句首，相當于一個原因狀語從句。 重點句式單句語法填空(1)

TheonlythingIcoulddowas_________(go)therealone.(2)Allyouneedtodois__________(press)thebutton.(3)Whatshedidtothematterwas__________(keep)silent.(4)WhenIwaslittle，myfavouritethingtodowas_________(go)totheplaygroundandplayontheswings.(5)［2019·全國Ⅲ卷］Nowmydreamis_________(open)acafe.（to）go(to)press(to)keep(to)gotoopen情態動詞表示說話人的某種語氣或情緒，如可能、意愿、猜測、義務、需要等。特征：有一定的詞義，但不能單獨作謂語，后面接動詞原形；沒有人稱和數的變化(haveto除外)；有些情態動詞有過去式，如：can—could,

may—might,

will—would,

dare—dared,haveto—hadto等。單元語法情態動詞1要點一beableto◆用法辨析can與beableto(1)can與beableto都表示能力，在意義上沒有區別。但can只有現在式和過去式(could)，而beableto則有更多的形式。過去式：was/wereableto將來式：willbeableto完成式：have/hasbeenableto(2)can一般指自身具有的能力，而如果要表達將來的能力，一般要用beableto。(3)beableto的過去式was/wereableto可表示在過去設法做成了某事，相當于managedtodo，而could則無此意義。選詞填空(beableto/can)(1)Willyou___________come?(2)______youreadthatsignfromthisdistance?(3)ThistimeIfailedtheexam,

butI’ll_________________passtheexamnexttime.(4)Thefirewasverybig,butmostpeople____________escapefromit.(5)I________giveyoudetailsbecauseIdon’tactuallyhaveanydetails.(6)He__________________comeagaintomorrowbecauseheisbusy.(7)Whenhewasyoung,

he_____________swimveryfast.(8)I’msorryI____________________answeryourletterintime.(9)HesaidthatTom________________________getthereontimebecausehegotuplatebeabletoCanbeabletowereabletocan'twon'tbeabletohaven'tbeenabletocouldwasn'tableto/couldn’t要點二daredare意為“膽敢，敢于”，既可作情態動詞，又可作實義動詞。(1)dare作情態動詞時，沒有人稱和數的變化，但有過去式dared，后接動詞原形，否定式為darenot/daren’t，多用于否定句或疑問句。(2)dare作實義動詞時，有時態、人稱和數的變化，后接帶to的不定式，否定式要在其前加donot或don’t。不定式符號to有時可以省略。◆學法點撥情態動詞dare可用于以下結構：Idaresay...我想/我敢說……Howdareyou...?你怎么敢……？一句多譯她晚上不敢一個人出去。(1)__________________________________(dare作情態動詞)(2)____________________________________________(dare作實義動詞)她晚上敢一個人出去嗎？(3)_______________________________(dare作情態動詞)(4)______________________________________(dare作實義動詞)她晚上不敢一個人出去，是不是？(5)____________________________________________(dare作情態動詞)(6)________________________________________________________(dare作實義動詞)Shedarenotgooutaloneatnight.Shedoesn’tdare(to)gooutaloneatnight.Dareshegooutaloneatnight?Doesshedare(to)gooutaloneatnight?Shedaren’tgooutaloneatnight，dareshe?Shedoesn’tdare(to)gooutaloneatnight，doesshe?要點三havetohaveto表示“必須，不得不”，是由于客觀情況而“必須”，haveto的否定形式don’thaveto表示“不必”，可用于各種時態中。◆用法辨析must與havetomusthaveto強調主觀看法強調客觀需要只有一種形式有多種時態形式否定形式表示禁止定形式表示“不必“選詞填空(haveto/must)(1)I_____________learnanotherlanguage.(2)Thisbook________notberemovedfromthelibrary.(3)There________besomereasonforthedelay.(4)They________putoffthesportsmeetbecauseofthebadweather.單句寫作(5)She______________________(必須自己做).Iwon’thelpher.(6)She______________________(不得不自己做).Shehasgotnoonetohelpher.(7)You______________________(不準告訴)others.(8)You______________________(不必告訴)others.haveto/mustmusthastohadtomustdoitherselfhastodoitherselfmustn’ttelld