中國的核安全文化建設

OverviewontheConstructionofNuclearSafetyCultureinChinaContents1-中國對核安全文化理念的吸收與發展

AbsorptionandDevelopmentofCulturalConceptsofNuclearSafetybyChina2-中國政府積極引導和推動核安全文化建設

ConstructionofNuclearSafetyCulturePromotedbytheChineseGovernment3-監管機構加強自身核安全文化建設CultivationofNuclearSafetyCulturewithintheRegulatoryBodyPart1中國對核安全文化理念的吸收與發展AbsorptionandDevelopmentofCulturalConceptsofNuclearSafetybyChina

國際原子能機構國際安全咨詢組1986年提出“安全文化”后，中國積極吸納入有關規章。如：

SinceINSAGproposed“safetyculture”in1986,Chinaadoptedtheconceptintorelatedregulations,E.g.

HAF001/02-1995《核設施的安全監督》Safetysupervisionofnuclearfacilities核安全監督員……向核設施營運單位及有關單位和人員宣傳國家核安全政策和法規，并監督其執行法規和貫徹核安全文化的情況。Nuclearsafetyinspectors...publicizenationalnuclearsafetypoliciesandregulationstooperatorsofnuclearinstallationsandrelatedunitsandpersonnel,andsupervisetheirimplementationofregulationsandnuclearsafetyculture.HAF401-1997《放射性廢物安全監督管理規定》Safetysupervisionandmanagementofradioactivewaste安全文化要求從事放射性廢物管理的個人和組織對安全具有獻身精神和責任感。負責放射性廢物管理活動的領導和組織應建立和執行利于促進安全文化的制度和程序。Asafetyculturerequiresindividualsandorganizationsinvolvedinradioactivewastemanagementtobededicatedandaccountableforsafety.Leadersandorganizationsresponsibleforradioactivewastemanagementactivitiesshouldestablishandimplementsystemsandproceduresconducivetopromotingasafetyculture.隨著核安全文化概念被工業界廣泛接受，產生了諸多良好實踐。Astheconceptofnuclearsafetyculturehasbeenwidelyacceptedbytheindustry,thenuclearpowerenterpriseshavealsodevelopedtheirnuclearsafetycultureandproducedmanygoodpractices.“凡事有章可循、凡事有人負責、凡事有人驗證、凡事有據可查”Rulesmustbeinplace;linesofaccountabilitybeclear;verificationbeperformed,anddocumentationbeavailabletoreferto.核安全峰會

TheNuclearSecuritySummit強化核安全文化，營造共建共享氛圍Stepping

up

the

culture

of

nuclear

security

and

creating

an

atmosphere

of

joint

efforts

andshared

benefits理性、協調、并進的核安全觀arational,coordinatedandbalancedapproachtonuclearsecurity堅持培育和發展核安全文化foster

anddevelop

a

nuclear

security

culture強化核安全文化，營造共建共享氛圍。加強國際核安全體系，人的因素最為重要。法治意識、憂患意識、自律意識、協作意識是核安全文化的核心，要貫穿到每位從業人員的思想和行動中，使他們知其責、盡其職。Steppingupthecultureofnuclearsecurityandcreatinganatmosphereofjointeffortsandsharedbenefits.Thehumanfactoristhemostimportantelementinthestrengtheningofglobalnuclearsecurityarchitecture.Theawarenessoftheruleoflaw,thesenseofurgency,andthespiritofself-disciplineandcoordinationarecentraltothenuclearsecurityculture.Assuch,everyoneworkinginthisfieldmustfollowtheirguidanceinthinkingandactionsothattheywillreadilyunderstandtheirresponsibilitiesandfulfilltheirduties.《核安全文化政策聲明》

PolicyStatementonNuclearSafetyCulture核安全文化：各有關組織和個人達成共識并付諸實踐的價值觀和行為方式的總和NuclearSafetyCultureisthesummationofthevaluesandbehaviorsresultingfromacollectivecommitmentandputintopracticebyrelevantorganizationsandindividuals.八大特征8Features1.Safetyconceptandcommitmentofthedecision-makinglevel2.Attitudeandexemplaryroleofthemanagement3.Participationandresponsibilityconsciousnessoftheentirepersonnel4.Cultivationoflearningorganizations5.Establishmentofcomprehensiveandeffectivemanagementsystem6.Buildingofsuitableworkingenvironment7.Establishmentofquestioning,reportingandexperiencefeedbackmechanismsforsafetyproblems8.Creationofharmoniouspublicrelations法治強化

LegalStrength《核安全法》首次將核安全文化寫入法律條文。Nuclearsafetycultureiscodifiedintonuclearsafetylaw第九條國家制定核安全政策，加強核安全文化建設。Article9TheStateformulatesnuclearsafetypolicies,strengthensnuclearsafetycultureconstruction.國務院核安全監督管理部門、核工業主管部門和能源主管部門應當建立培育核安全文化的機制。

Thenuclearsafetyregulatorydepartment,competentdepartmentfornuclearindustry,energycompetentdepartmentoftheStateCouncilshallestablishmechanismstocultivatenuclearsafetyculture.核設施營運單位和為其提供設備、工程以及服務等的單位應當積極培育和建設核安全文化，將核安全文化融入生產、經營、科研和管理的各個環節。

Theoperatingorganizationsofnuclearfacilitiesandthosewhichprovideequipment,engineeringandservices,etc.forthemshallactivelycultivateandconstructnuclearsafetyculture,integratenuclearsafetycultureintoeverylinkofproduction,operation,scientificresearchandmanagement.《核動力廠管理體系安全規定》對核安全文化建設要求進一步細化。DetailedrequirementsintheSafetyregulationsfornuclearpowerplantmanagementsystemPart2中國政府積極引導和推動核安全文化建設ConstructionofNuclearSafetyCulturePromotedbytheChineseGovernment核安全文化宣貫推進專項行動

Campaignonpropagationandimplement兩個“全覆蓋”FullCoverage覆蓋全體持證單位

licensees覆蓋所有骨干人員

employees兩個“零容忍”

ZeroTolerance對弄虛作假零容忍

deceptions對違規操作零容忍

violations《核安全文化特征》

Featuresofnuclearsafetyculture統一對核安全文化良好特征的理解和認識Unifyingunderstanding核安全文化建設的指導

Guidenceforconstruction

適用于核電廠以及核設備、核技術利用、核燃料循環領域

NuclearPowerPlants,nuclearsafetyequipment,applicationsofradiationsources,fuelcycle

核安全文化評估參考文件

Referenceforassessment探索監督方法

ExploringSupervisionMethods將核安全文化的特征和屬性納入監督檢查所發現問題的根本原因分析。Incorporatethecharacteristicsandattributesofnuclearsafetycultureintotherootcauseanalysisofnon-conformancesdiscoveredduringsupervisionandinspection以宣貫活動等形式督促被監管單位加強核安全文化建設。Helpinglicenseesstrengthentheconstructionofnuclearsafetyculturethroughpropagatingandimplementingaswellasotherforms對有關核設施開展核安全文化建設情況進行監督。Specificsupervisiononthesituationofnuclearsafetycultureincertainnuclearfacilities營造共建共享氛圍

Co-buildingandSharing政府引領：能源主管部門出臺指導意見要求加強核安全文化建設Governmentlevel:guidancestostrengthentheconstructionofnuclearsafetyculture

innuclearindustryissuedbythecompetentdepartmentofenergy企業作為：制定規劃，建立制度，打造“863基本動作要領”等各具特色的核安全文化建設體系Licenseeslevel:Developpingplans,establishingsystems,andcreatinguniquenuclearsafetycultureconstructionsystemssuchas"863basicactionessentials"行業協同：協會組織核安全文化建設經驗