...wd......wd...學(xué)習(xí)好幫手...wd...體裁突破(五)議論文A(2017·前黃高級中學(xué)一模)Researchconfirmsthatperformingactsofkindnessandsharingthankfulthoughtshavemanypositiveeffectsonmoodandhealth.Theyareamongthetopfivepredictorsofhappiness.Whenyoufeelthankfulforsomething，that’sgratitude.Younevergetitoutof1；youareclearwhoorwhatisresponsible，whetherthat’salovedone，astranger，orahigherpower.Gratitudeishowyou2tootherswhenyouseeyourselfinconnectionwiththingslargerthanyourself.3，thisunderstandingofourrelianceonothersisbecomingmore4today.Withcommercialandsocialmedia，everythingmakestheyoungergenerationfeelthattheyarethe5oftheuniverse.Ifit’sallaboutthem，whythankothers?Iftrue，therewouldbeadisturbing6trend.Canadianresearchersfoundthatpeoplewhowrotethank-youlettersorperformedgooddeedsforasix-weekperioddecreasedtheirpain，uppedtheirenergy，andimprovedtheirmentalhealth.Andyoucan7thesebenefitsatanyage.Oldpeoplewhochoosetobethankfularelesslikelytoworryabouttheir8health.Gratitudetendstobeeasilyspread，aswell.Thosewhoarehelpedaremorelikelytopaykindness9.Onestudyfoundthatwhensomeoneisthanked，itmorethandoubleshisorherchancesofbeing10again，likelybecauseheorsheenjoysfeelingsocially11.Ifyouaren’tparticularlygratefulnow，youcanlearntobe.Peoplewhokeepajournalofthreepositivethingsthathappentothemeachday12health-inducingthankfulness.Atfirst，itmaybedifficultto13thegoodthingsthatoccur.But14，yourbraingetstrainedintoamoreappreciativemode.Andintheend，thejournalbecomesabookofjoyful15.Gratitudetrainingcertainlycomestoyouraidduringthe16timesbecauseagreater17forlifeisthepartyoufocuson.18yourgratefulnessdirectlywiththepersonyoufeelgratefulto，thebenefitsofhappiness19.Youdon’tneedascientificstudytoknowthatshowingandacceptinggratitudecanensureyouan20life，amuchbetterlifethanyouthought.語篇解讀研究說明，善意的行為和分享感恩的想法對情緒和安康有許多積極的影響。它們排在預(yù)示幸福的前五名中。1．A.somethingB．a(chǎn)nythingC．everythingD．nothing答案D解析something某事；anything任何事情；everything一切事情；nothing什么也沒有。句意為：當(dāng)你心存感謝時，那就是感謝。你從來不會平白無故地表達(dá)它。應(yīng)選D。2．A.referB．submitC．subscribeD．relate答案D解析refer涉及，參考；submit主張，服從；subscribe捐助，訂閱；relate表達(dá)，使有聯(lián)系。句意為：感謝就是當(dāng)你看到自己與比自己偉大的事情相聯(lián)系時與別人交流的方式。應(yīng)選D。3．A.ThereforeB．MeanwhileC．HoweverD．Besides答案C解析therefore因此；meanwhile與此同時；however然而；besides另外。句意為：然而，我們對依賴別人的這種理解在今天變得更加困難了。應(yīng)選C。4．A.strangeB．difficultC．stubbornD．ridiculous答案B解析strange奇怪的；difficult困難的；stubborn頑固的；ridiculous荒唐的。句意見上題解析。應(yīng)選B。5．A.masterB．centerC．survivorD．creator答案B解析master主人；center中心；survivor幸存者；creator創(chuàng)造者。句意為：所有的一切都讓年輕一代覺得自己就是宇宙的中心。根據(jù)句意可知選B。6．A.healthB．mentalC．culturalD．industrial答案A解析health安康；mental精神上的；cultural文化的；industrial工業(yè)的。句意為：如果是真的，就會有一個令人不安的安康趨勢。應(yīng)選A。7．A.continueB．a(chǎn)pproachC．sustainD．reap答案D解析continue繼續(xù)；approach靠近；sustain維持；reap收獲。句意為：在任何年齡你都能收獲這些好處。應(yīng)選D。8．A.originalB．improvingC．failingD．falling答案C解析original最初的；improving有啟發(fā)的；failing失敗的；falling下降的。句意為：選擇感恩的老人擔(dān)憂自己不安康的可能性就低。應(yīng)選C。9．A.forwardB．downwardC．backwardD．upward答案A解析forward向前地，向?qū)?，往后；downward向下；backward向后地；upward向上。句意為：那些得到幫助的人往后更有可能會付出善意。應(yīng)選A。10．A.thankfulB．respectfulC．helpfulD．careful答案C解析thankful感謝的；respectful恭敬的；helpful有幫助的；careful仔細(xì)的。句意為：一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)人受到感謝的時候，這將會使他/她再次樂于助人的時機(jī)增加一倍以上。應(yīng)選C。11．A.valuedB．influencedC．a(chǎn)ttractedD．noticed答案A解析value估價，重視；influence影響；attract吸引；notice注意。句意為：很可能是因為他/她享受自己的社會價值感。應(yīng)選A。12．A.cultivateB．emphasizeC．benefitD．transmit答案A解析cultivate逐漸形成；emphasize強(qiáng)調(diào)；benefit受益；transmit傳輸。句意為：人們每天寫一篇關(guān)于三件積極的事情的日志，逐漸形成有利于安康的感恩。應(yīng)選A。13．A.analyzeB．recognizeC．summarizeD．organize答案B解析analyze分析；recognize認(rèn)出，識別；summarize總結(jié)；organize組織。句意為：起初，識別發(fā)生的美好的事情是很難的。應(yīng)選B。14．A.roughlyB．decidedlyC．graduallyD．a(chǎn)ccidentally答案C解析roughly粗糙地；decidedly果斷地；gradually逐漸地；accidentally意外地。句意為：但是，漸漸地，你的大腦被訓(xùn)練成更具欣賞力的模式。應(yīng)選C。15．A.essaysB．thoughtsC．filesD．memories答案D解析essay隨筆，散文；thought思想，想法；file文件；memory記憶。句意為：最后，日志變成了一本有快樂回憶的書。應(yīng)選D。16．A.darkB．goldenC．specialD．urgent答案A解析dark黑暗的；golden金色的；special特殊的；urgent緊急的。句意為：在黑暗時期，感恩的培訓(xùn)肯定會對你有所幫助。應(yīng)選A。17．A.admirationB．a(chǎn)llocationC．a(chǎn)ppreciationD．a(chǎn)ffection答案C解析admiration欽佩；allocation分配；appreciation欣賞，感謝；affection影響，喜愛。句意為：因為更懂得欣賞生活就是你所關(guān)注的那局部。應(yīng)選C。18．A.SupplyingB．ExperiencingC．SharingD．Recalling答案C解析supply供應(yīng)；experience體驗；share分享；recall回想起。句意為：直接與你感謝的人分享你的感謝之情，幸福的好處就會累積。應(yīng)選C。19．A.disappearB．a(chǎn)ccumulateC．emergeD．weaken答案B解析disappear消失；accumulate積累；emerge浮現(xiàn)，顯現(xiàn)；weaken變?nèi)?。參考上題解析。應(yīng)選B。20．A.enrichedB．engagedC．enlargedD．enabled答案A解析enriched豐富的；engaged忙碌的；enlarged擴(kuò)大的；enabled已啟用的。句意為：表示并承受感謝能使你擁有一個豐富的人生。應(yīng)選A。B(2017·南京三模)Researchshowsthatwhenweareabsorbedinanactivity，evenminordistractions(分心)canhaveahugeeffect.Accordingtoastudy，regainingour21drivefollowinganinterruptioncantakeabout20minutes.Multitasking(多重任務(wù))，asmanystudieshaveshown，isamyth(謬論)．Amoreaccurate22ofwhathappenswhenwetellourselveswearemultitaskingisthatwe’rerapidly23betweenactivities，suckingourmentalenergy.Andthe24canbesurprisinglyserious.Anexperimentfoundthatweloseasmanyas10IQpointswhenweallowourworktobe25bydistractionslikeemailsandtextmessages.The26isthatmultitaskingisenjoyable.It’sfuntosatisfyyourcuriosity.Whoknowswhatthatnextemailortextmessageholds27Findingoutprovidesimmediatesatisfaction.28，resistingdistractionsandstayingontaskrequires29andmentaleffort.So，whatarewetodo?Ourstrategyistochangethe30tomovetemptationfurtheraway：shutdownyouremailprogramor31yourphone.It’saloteasiertostayontaskwhenyou’renot32fightingoffmentaldesires.Thealternative，whichmostofusconsidercommon，is33todietinginabakery.Weallneedthewillpowertoresistthetemptations，butdoingsocomeswith34coststoourlimitedsupplyofwillpower.Anotherworthwhile35istocollectsimilaractivitiestogether，keepingtransition(轉(zhuǎn)換)timetoa36point.Insteadofspreadingphonecalls，meetingsandemailsthroughoutyourday，try37relatedtaskssothattherearefewertransitions.Insomejobs，multitaskingis38.Someofustrulydoneedtostay39toourclients，colleaguesandmanagers.Soit’sworthnotingthatlimitingdisruptionsistheonlysolution.Remember，themoreyoudotominimizetask-switchingoverthecourseoftheday，themoreabilityyou’llhaveforactivitiesthatactually40.Evensmallchangescanmakeabigdifference.語篇解讀研究顯示，當(dāng)我們?nèi)褙炞⒂谀骋换顒訒r，即便是小小的分心都會對活動的效果產(chǎn)生巨大的影響。21．A.initialB．personalC．innerD．a(chǎn)mbitious答案A解析句意為：研究說明，在一次分心之后，我們想要再次獲得干勁(專注于某一活動)，大約需要20分鐘。根據(jù)句意可知，initial最初的，符合語境，即獲得原來的干勁。22．A.planB．a(chǎn)ccountC．predictionD．insight答案B解析句意為：當(dāng)我們告訴自己正處于多重任務(wù)時，對于此時所發(fā)生的事情的一個更加確切的描述是，我們是在幾項活動間不停地轉(zhuǎn)換。account描述，表達(dá)，符合語境。23．A.switchingB．swingingC．swappingD．shuttling答案A解析參考上題解析。switch轉(zhuǎn)換。24．A.benefitsB．reasonsC．consequencesD．challenges答案C解析根據(jù)本句中的“surprisinglyserious〞以及后一句中的“l(fā)oseasmanyas10IQpoints〞可知，consequence結(jié)果，后果，符合語境，即這樣做的后果有多么嚴(yán)重。25．A.guidedB．changedC．a(chǎn)daptedD．interrupted答案D解析句意為：研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)我們的工作被分心打攪(中斷)時，我們將損失多達(dá)10個點(diǎn)的IQ。interrupt打攪，打斷，符合語境。26．A.advantageB．emphasisC．troubleD．practice答案C解析文章上一段講到負(fù)面的影響，本段則介紹的是產(chǎn)生的原因，也就是具體的問題所在——為什么雖然有負(fù)面影響，人們還是樂此不疲trouble問題，麻煩，符合語境。27．A.instockB．instoreC．incheckD．inpossession答案B解析句意為：誰知道下一封郵件或短信中會有什么內(nèi)容呢holdinstore蘊(yùn)藏，符合語境。28．A.AsaruleB．AsaresultC．InshortD．Incontrast答案D解析根據(jù)上下文語境可知，前后句意相反，上一句說的是分心的情況，后一句則講的是假設(shè)何抵抗分心。incontrast與此相反，相比之下。應(yīng)選D。29．A.patienceB．disciplineC．courageD．a(chǎn)ttention答案B解析句意為：要抵抗分心的誘惑，并專注于我們的工作，需要自律(discipline)和內(nèi)心的努力。應(yīng)選B。30．A.expectationB．taskC．environmentD．vision答案C解析根據(jù)冒號后面的內(nèi)容可知，C項符合語境，即改變工作或?qū)W習(xí)環(huán)境。31．A.replaceB．silenceC．a(chǎn)nswerD．pick答案B解析silence意為“使沉默，使靜音〞，符合語境，即將調(diào)成靜音狀態(tài)。32．A.continuouslyB．finallyC．passionatelyD．directly答案A解析句意為：當(dāng)你不再需要持續(xù)擊退內(nèi)心的欲望時，專心于工作便會變得更加容易。continuously連續(xù)不斷地，符合語境。33．A.similarB．relevantC．superiorD．opposite答案A解析句意為：還有一個大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為普通的選擇，它和在面包店里節(jié)食相似。similar相似的，符合語境。34．A.affordableB．basicC．considerableD．modest答案C解析句意為：(盡管)我們需要抵抗誘惑的意志力，但是這種做法(在面包店節(jié)食)會極大地消耗我們有限的意志力。considerable相當(dāng)大的，符合語境。35．A.researchB．a(chǎn)spectC．reactionD．a(chǎn)pproach答案D解析根據(jù)上下文可知，這里是在教我們集中注意力的方法(approach)，所以選D。上文的strategy亦是暗示。36．A.minimumB．maximumC．turningD．fixed答案A解析句意為：另一種方法是將相似的活動歸類在一起完成，這樣可以將不同活動之間切換的時間縮短到最小。minimum最小的，符合語境。37．A.analyzingB．groupingC．a(chǎn)ssigningD．undertaking答案B解析參考上題解析。group指“分類，歸類〞，符合語境，即將相關(guān)的工作分組歸類。38．A.disturbingB．a(chǎn)nnoyingC．unavoidableD．unnecessary答案C解析根據(jù)下句可知，在有些工作中，多重任務(wù)是無法防止的。unavoidable不可防止的，符合語境。39．A.sympatheticB．loyalC．a(chǎn)ccustomedD．connected答案D解析句意為：我們中的一些人確實需要和我們的客戶、同事和經(jīng)理保持聯(lián)系。connected有聯(lián)系的，符合語境。40．A.matterB．functionC．workD．interfere答案A解析matter在這里是不及物動詞，意為“重要，要緊〞，符合語境，即你將有更多的能力去處理那些真正重要的事情。C(2017·鹽城中學(xué)期中)DoyouknowhowdisciplinecanhelpyouachieveyourgoalsDoyouknowthatdisciplineisimportantto41WhatisthepowerofdisciplineHowtobecomedisciplined?Youmightthinkthatmanypeoplearenotselfdisciplined，42I’mgoingtoprovetoyouthatpeopleingeneralaredisciplined，but43，innon-beneficialways.Therearemanypeoplewhosmokedaily44thefactthatitisharmfuland45anditcouldkillthem.Suchpeoplearedisciplinedat46cigarettesandsmoking.Therearepeoplewhoaredisciplinedatdrinkinglotsofalcoholdaily.Suchpeoplearedisciplinedatconsumingalcohol.Doyou47whereIamgoingwiththis?Oneofmyfriendswhohasa48forrunningspendshalfanhoureverysinglemorningrunning.Whetheritissnowingorraining，shehastorun.Thisisthekindof49disciplinethatyouaresupposedto50andcreateinyourlife.Doyouknowsomeonewhoboughtabook，butdidn’tfinish51itforsomereasonDoyouknowsomeonewhodecidedtoimprovehis52andstarteatingmorevegetablesandfruit，butaftertwoweeks，he53Theseareallexamplesof54ofdiscipline.Ifyouarenotdisciplined，thenyouwillhaveahardtimetogetyour55.AsImentionedinmybookTheUltimateGuidetoAchievingYourGoalsthatyoucouldknowwhatyouwant，56andtakeaction，butifyouarenotself-disciplined，youwill57giveup.Withdiscipline，youcanstartgettingupearlyinthemorning，exercise，and58yourselfofthenon-beneficialhabitssuchassmokingandeatingnon-healthyfood.Withdiscipline，youcanchangenegativehabitstopositivehabits.Withdiscipline，youcanjointhegymandstartworkingonhavinga59body.Doyouseewhatthe60ofdisciplinecando?AlwaysrememberwhatJimRohnsaid，“Onedisciplinealwaysleadstoanotherdiscipline.〞語篇解讀本文是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了自律的力量及對人們的影響，呼吁人們要增強(qiáng)自律意識，改掉惡習(xí)，培養(yǎng)安康向上的生活習(xí)慣。41．A.wealthB．successC．fortuneD．health答案B解析wealth財富；success成功；fortune命運(yùn)；health安康。根據(jù)前一句“你知道自律假設(shè)何幫助你實現(xiàn)你的目標(biāo)嗎〞可知，此處指自律對成功也是很重要的。應(yīng)選B。42．A.forB．a(chǎn)ndC．orD．but答案D解析根據(jù)空前句意“你也許認(rèn)為很多人不自律〞和空后句意“我要證明給你看的是人們一般是有自律性的〞可知，前后存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。應(yīng)選D。43．A.unfortunatelyB．unwillinglyC．unnecessarilyD．unexpectedly答案A解析unfortunately不幸地；unwillingly不情愿地；unnecessarily沒必要地；unexpectedly意外地。根據(jù)下文列舉的吸煙、喝酒的例子可推知，此處指“不幸的是，這些都是不好的例子〞。應(yīng)選A。44．A.besidesB．despiteC．exceptD．without答案B解析besides除此之外(還有)；despite盡管；except除……之外；without沒有。句意為：盡管吸煙有害安康是個事實，但是有很多人每天都吸煙。應(yīng)選B。45．A.courageousB．disgustingC．dangerousD．forbidden答案C解析courageous勇敢的；disgusting令人厭惡的；dangerous不安全的；forbidden被制止的。此處順承前文，與harmful對應(yīng)，表示“吸煙是有害和不安全的〞。應(yīng)選C。46．A.sellingB．buyingC．gettingD．consuming答案D解析sell賣；buy買；get得到；consume消耗。句意為：這種人在消耗香煙和吸煙方面是自律的。另外根據(jù)后文的“Suchpeoplearedisciplinedatconsumingalcohol.〞可知，此處應(yīng)使用consume。應(yīng)選D。47．A.careB．seeC．feelD．mind答案B解析care關(guān)心；see看到，明白；feel感覺；mind介意。句意為：你明白我說這些要表達(dá)什么意思嗎應(yīng)選B。48．A.passionB．giftC．respectD．reason答案A解析passion熱愛，激情；gift天賦；respect尊重；reason原因。根據(jù)下文的“Whetheritissnowingorraining，shehastorun.〞可知，作者的一個朋友愛好每天早晨進(jìn)展半個小時的晨跑。應(yīng)選A。49．A.formalB．positiveC．negativeD．religious答案B解析formal正式的；positive積極的；negative消極的；religious宗教的。此處與前文吸煙、喝酒的不良習(xí)慣形成比照，指的是一種積極的自律性。應(yīng)選B。50．A.formB．learnC．followD．believe答案C解析form形成；learn學(xué)習(xí)；follow遵循；believe相信。句意為：