NotreDame維克多·雨果（VictorHugo)

Heisafamousromanticwriter,therepresentativeofhumanism.Hewasalsotherepresentativeoftheromanticliterarymovementandthedistinguishedwriterofcapitalism.Hewasknownas“theShakespeareofFrance”.

法國(guó)浪漫主義作家，人道主義的代表人物，19世紀(jì)前期積極浪漫主義文學(xué)運(yùn)動(dòng)的代表作家，法國(guó)文學(xué)史上卓越的資產(chǎn)階級(jí)民主作家，被人們稱(chēng)為“法蘭西的莎士比亞”。雨果簡(jiǎn)介NationalityFranceDateofbirth1802\2\26Dateofdeath1885\5\22UniversityL’InstitutedeFranceMainlyachievementsLeadtotheromanticliterarymovementRepresentativeworks《巴黎圣母院》《悲慘世界》《九三年》《笑面人生》TheeventsinVictorHugo’life1825年，被授予榮譽(yù)勛章，參加查理十世的加冕典禮。1827年，發(fā)表劇本《愛(ài)情公寓》和著名浪漫主義宣言，成為浪漫主義領(lǐng)袖。1841年，被選入法蘭西學(xué)院，公開(kāi)表示擁護(hù)君主立憲制。1850年，被捕入獄，化名為蘭文逃離巴黎。1851年，路易·波拿巴發(fā)動(dòng)政變宣布帝制，雨果被迫流亡國(guó)外。1870年，第三共和政府成立，結(jié)束十九年的流亡生活，回到巴黎。Famousworks《巴黎圣母院》Notre-DamedeParis《悲慘世界》LesMiserable《九三年》Q(chēng)uatre-Vinat-Treize《笑面人生》L’HommequiRit

Itputsalltheheroic

[hi'r?uik]

poetryintothemostadvancedandultimateheroicpoetry.Itexpressesthechangethatfromeviltokind,unjusttojust,faketotrue,desirabletoawake,dyingtoflesh,helltohaven.

《悲慘世界》“把一切史詩(shī)融合在一部高級(jí)的、終極的史詩(shī)中”，這部史詩(shī)表現(xiàn)“從惡到善、從非正義到正義、從假到真、從渴望到覺(jué)醒、從腐朽到生命、從獸性到責(zé)任、從地獄到上天、從虛無(wú)到天主。”

《九三年》是雨果最后一部小說(shuō)。小說(shuō)的兩個(gè)對(duì)立人物，革命派郭文和保皇派郎特納克侯爵是雨果的又一善惡對(duì)比。郭文在捕獲郎特納克侯爵之后，因念郎特納克侯爵救了三個(gè)孩子，竟不惜把自己送上斷頭臺(tái)，而放走了敵人頭子。這種安排，最能體現(xiàn)雨果對(duì)慈悲為懷，對(duì)純潔良心的信仰

ItwasthelastnovelofVictorHugo.Themaincharactersofthenovelisanothercontractionbetweenkindnessandevilness.Afterhewasarrested,Gauvaincarriedhimselftodeath,onlybecausetheDukesavedhisthreechildren.ThisnovelalsoexpressedthatVictorHugopursueskindnessandconscience.WordsofVictorHugo

Thechestofhumanbeingsisbroaderthanbothseaandsky.世界最寬闊的是海洋，比海洋更寬闊的是天空，比天空更寬闊的是人的胸懷。Whathumanneedsisperseverancenotstrength.世人缺乏的是毅力，而非力氣。Smilejustlikessunshine.Itcandispersethewinteronpeople’sface.笑聲如陽(yáng)光，取走人們臉上的冬天。Hewhowastestime,hisyouthwillfade,andhislifewillthrowhimaway.誰(shuí)虛度年華，青春就要退色，生命就會(huì)拋棄他。Background

--------NotreDame-de-PairsThegreatcathedraloftheMiddleAgesinParisontheIlddelaCitybytheSeineistheworldrenownedNotreDame-dePairs.Thischurchwasinitiallybuiltin1163onlyasasimplechancel,andtheotherpartswerebuiltoneafteranotherinthefollowingyears.Itwasnotuntil1345thatthecathedralwasentirelycompleted.Ittookmorethan180years.Background

--------NotreDame-de-Pairs在巴黎塞納河城島上矗立著一座中世紀(jì)大教堂，這就是世界聞名的巴黎圣母院。它始建于1163年。最初只是簡(jiǎn)單的圣壇所，后來(lái)陸續(xù)增建了其他部分，至1345年才全部竣工，歷時(shí)180余年Background

--------NotreDame-de-PairsThisGothicstonebuildingisnotonlytallandgraceful.Alltheportals,windows,wallsandpiersaredecoratedwithexquisitesculptures,reliefsandpaintingofreligiousstories.Theimmortalwork“NotreDame-de-Pairs”writtenbytheFrenchliterarygiantVictorHugoissetinthiscathedral,andthearchitecturalartofthechurchisvividlydescribedindetailintheBackground

--------NotreDame-de-Pairsbook.However,whenthisnovelwaspublishedin1831,theancientbuilding,havinggonethroughmanywarfires,wasseriouslydamagedanddevastated.Itwasthankstothepublicationofthefamousnovel,whichwongreatrenowninliterarycircles,thatthecathedralwasrenovatedandrestoredbetween1844and1864.Background

--------NotreDame-de-Pairs這座哥特式的石頭建筑不僅雄偉壯觀，而且典雅挺秀。所有的大門(mén)、窗戶、墻壁和柱子上都飾有反映宗教故事的精美雕刻和繪畫(huà)。法國(guó)大文豪維克多雨果的不朽巨著《巴黎圣母院》即以此作為背景，書(shū)中對(duì)教堂的建筑藝術(shù)做了詳細(xì)且生動(dòng)的描繪。但當(dāng)1831年這部小說(shuō)問(wèn)世時(shí)，這一古建筑受到嚴(yán)重?fù)p害，殘破不堪。正是因?yàn)檫@部小說(shuō)巴黎圣母院才于1844年至1864年間得修葺。AStoneSymphony-praisedbyVictorHugoBackground

-historyBabeyf’sorganizationwasfailed.巴貝夫秘密組織活動(dòng)失敗Therebellionsofroyalistsweretakenplaceveryoften.保皇黨的叛亂不斷發(fā)生Bourbonmonarchycameback波旁王朝的復(fù)辟Background

-historyIn1824，CharlesXheldpower,whichitwasdarknessinBourbonMonarchyandpoweroftheCatholicismbecamestrong.1824年，查理十世執(zhí)政，是波旁王朝最黑暗的時(shí)期，天主教勢(shì)力更為猖獗。Background

-historyNearly1831,theEuropeanisinpoliticunrestyears.InFrancethecapitalistclassfoughtagainstthefeudalism.Atthistime,theviolentgovernmentoffeudalismandthetorturouslabourers’lifeimpressedVictordeeply.InthisbookthesubjectmatteroftheMiddleAgetoexposeandcriticizefeudalismandthecatholicism.ThecontentofthestoryThestorybeginsduringtheRenaissancein1482,thedayoftheFoolsinParis,thedeformedbellringer,isintroducedbyhiscrowningasPopeofFools,whohasmarvelouslyhideous[‘h?d??s]丑陋的face.[oddly-shapednose,horseshoemouth;littlelefteyeobstructedared,bushy,bristlingeyebrow,therighteyedisappearedentirelybeneathanenormousgrowth;teethdisarray,brokenhereandthere;cruellips,uponwhichoneoftheseteethrested,likethetuskofanelephant;hisexpressionspreadoverthatmixtureofmalice,amazementandsadness].LaEsmeraldaisabeautiful16-year-oldgypsylivedontambourine[,t?mb?'ri:n]鈴鼓,手鼓,kind,pureandgenerous.Andshecapturestheheartsofmanymen,especiallyQuasimodo’sadoptedfather,ClaudeFrollo,thearchdeacon,whoistornbetweenhislust[l?st]性欲,貪欲andtherulesofthechurch.HeorderedQuasimodotogether.ButfortunatelyshewassavedbyPhoebus,theKing'sarcherandshefellinlovewithhimatherfirstslight.Quasimodowascaughtandwhippedandorderedtobetieddownintheheat.Esmeraldaseeinghisthirst,offeredhimwater.Itsavedher,forshecapturedtheheartofthehunchback.Esmeraldarefusedthearchdeaconmanytimes,whichannoyedhim.SohekilledPhoebusoutofjealousy.ButEsmeraldawasaccusedofthemurderofPhoebus,andwassentencedtodeathbyhanging.

Atthecriticalmoment,QuasimodosavedherbybringinghertotheCathedral[k?‘θi:dr?l]大教堂underthelawofSanctuary避難所.Frollohasrallied召集agreatdealofsupportforthecampaign.TheKing,seeingthechaos,vetoed[‘vi:t?u]禁止;反對(duì)thelawofSanctuaryandcommandedhistroopstotakeheroutandkilledher.WhenQuasimodosawthemobs,heassumedtheyweretheretohurtEsmeralda,sohedrovethemoff.FrollobetrayedEsmeraldabyhandinghertothetroopsandwatchedwhileshewashanged.QuasimodorealizedthetruthfinallyandpushedhimfromNotre-Dametohisdeath.HethenwenttoEsmeralda’sgrave,laynexttohercorpse尸體andeventuallydied.Twoyearslater,excavationists挖掘人foundtheEsmeraldaandQuasimodolockedinanembrace.charactersEsmeralda

ClaudeFrollo

Quasimodo

Esmeralda,bornAgnes（純潔的/貞節(jié)的）,isabeautifulyoungbarefoot['b?r,fut]

赤腳的

Gypsydancer,innocent,closetonature,andnaturallycompassionateandkind.Sheisthecenterofthehumandrama['drɑm?]戲劇

withinthestory.Sheistheonlycharactertoshowthehunchback['h?nt?,b?k]駝背

amomentofhumankindness:asheisbeingwhippedforpunishmentandjeered[d??r]

嘲笑

byahorridrabble['r?b!]烏合之眾

,sheapproachesthepublicstock[stɑk]

andgiveshimadrinkofwater.ClaudeFrollo,thenovel'smainantagonist[?n't?g?n?st]敵手,對(duì)手

,istheArchdeacon

['ɑrt?'dik?n]副主教

ofNotreDame.

HismadattractiontoEsmereldasetsoffachainofevents,includingherattemptedabduction[?b‘d?k??n]（綁架）

andFrolloalmostmurderingPhoebusinajealousrage,leadingtoEsmeralda'sexecution[,?ks?'kju??n]

死刑

.FrolloiskilledwhenQuasimodopusheshimoffthecathedral[k?'θidr?l]

大教堂.Frollohasadeeplycompassionateside.HerescuesQuasimodo,adeformedhunchback

childwhomhefindsabandonedonthecathedral'sfoundlingsbed.Frolloalsohasstrongpassions,thoughheisacelibate['s?l?b?t]獨(dú)身者

duetohisstationwithinthechurch.ThesepassionseruptinhimthroughhiscontactwiththebeautifulGypsygirlEsmeralda,andeventuallytheyprovehisundoing.HeconsidershertobeatemptationsentbytheDevil['d?v!]totesthisfaith,andbeginsbycursingherasademoness['di:mnis]n.女惡鬼

,butfindshecannotresisther,anddeterminestogiveintotemptation..QuasimodoHeisthebell-ringerofNotreDame,andabarely['b?rl?]

公開(kāi)地

verbal['v?b!]言辭上的

hunchbackQuasimodo'snamecanbeconsideredapun[p?n]雙關(guān)語(yǔ)

.Frollofindshimonthecathedral'sdoorstepsonQuasimodoSundayandnameshimaftertheholiday.However,theLatinwords"quasi"and"modo"alsomean"almost"and"thestandardmeasure"respectively[r?'sp?kt?vl?]分別地,