上海市部分區2023-2024學年高三下學期二模英語試題匯編完形填空2024屆上海市黃浦區高三下學期二模英語試卷Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagestherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.MyfatherdecidedtostartlearningFrenchwhenhewas57.Onthesurface,hisretirementhobbyseemsalittlerandom—ourfamilyhasnoconnectiontoFrench-speakingcountries—buthis___41___randeeperthanapassionforcakes.MygrandmotherdevelopedsignsofAlzheimer’sdisease(阿爾茲海默癥)inherearly70s,andstudiessuggestthatbeingbilingual,thatis,beingabletospeaktwolanguagesequallywell,can___42___thestartoftheconditionbyuptofiveyears.Drawnbythat___43___benefit,manypeoplehaveattemptedtopickupanewlanguageinadulthood.Lotsofactivitiesarelinkedtobetterbrainhealthinoldage,likegettingmoreeducationwhenyou’reyoungerandphysicalactivity.Expertssayregularlyspeakingmultiplelanguagesmaybeespecially___44___though.“Weuselanguageinallaspectsofdailylife,soabilingualbrainis___45___working,”saidMarkAntoniou,aprofessoratWesternSydneyUniversitywhospecializesinbilingualism.Theageatwhichyoulearnanotherlanguageappearstobelessimportantthanhow___46___youspeakit.Thecognitive(認知的)benefitisfromhavingto___47___yourmothertongue,whichyourbrainisforcedtodoifyou’retryingtorecalltherightwordsinanotherlanguage.Soifthesecondlanguageisusedalot,you’regettingthatcognitive___48___.Thatprocessiscalledcognitiveinhibition.Intheory,byimprovingthesetypesofprocesses,thebrainbecomesstrongertothe___49___causedbydiseaseslikedementia.Thestrongeryourmentalpower,thethinkinggoes,thelongeryoucanfunctionnormally,evenifyourbrainhealthstartsto___50___.However,evidenceforthebenefitsoflearningasecondlanguageasahobbyinyour60sis___51___.ResearchbyDr.AntoniouandcolleaguesfoundthatwhileChineseadults60andupimprovedoncognitiontestsafterasix-monthlanguagelearningprogram,peoplewhoplayedgameslikeSudokudidaswell.Twomorerecentstudiesonthetopicfoundvirtuallyno___52___incognitiveperformanceafterpeopletookpartinlanguage-learningprograms.Thescientistswhoconductedthosestudiesofferedafewpotential___53___.Oneisthattheparticipantswerehighlymotivatedvolunteers,whomayhavealreadybeenatpeakperformancefortheirage,makingithardtoseeany___54___.Anotheristhatthelanguageinterventionswereperhapstooshort.Thehandfulofstudieslookingintotheissuehaveusedlanguagelessonsthatwereverydifferentintheir___55___andfrequency.Somestudiestaughtparticipantsforeightmonths,othersforjustoneveryintenseweek.41.A.affection B.contribution C.motivation D.struggle42.A.delay B.prevent C.signal D.stimulate43.A.additional B.educational C.lasting D.potential44.A.beneficial B.common C.impractical D.rare45.A.carelessly B.constantly C.creativelyD.delicately46.A.long B.often C.soon D.well47.A.command B.practice C.restrict D.spread48.A.function B.psychology C.system D.training49.A.damages B.operations C.pains D.signs50.A.decline B.improve C.matter D.restore51.A.available B.mounting C.stronger D.weaker52.A.difference B.involvement C.pointD.reduction53.A.applications B.explanations C.findingsD.suggestions54.A.diversities B.improvements C.outcomesD.possibilities55.A.content B.intention C.lengthD.requirement2024屆上海市普陀區高三下學期二模英語試題Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Manyoftheworld’sislandswerepreviouslyunexploredplaces,butovertime,peoplehavecometotheseplaceswithfar-reachingeffects,includingdeforestation,over-huntingandtheintroductionofinvasivespecies.___41___,mostofthebirdspeciesdisappeared.Whilethedeathofmanybirdssincethe1500shasbeen___42___,ourknowledgeofthefateofspeciesbeforethisreliesonfossils(化石),andtheserecordsarelimitedbecausebirds’lightweightbonesare___43___overtime.Thisconcealsthetrue___44___ofglobalextinctions.Researchersnowbelieve1,430birdspecies—almost12percent—havediedoutovermodernhumanhistorysincearound130,000yearsago,withthevastmajorityofthembecomingextinctdirectlyorindirectly___45___humanactivity.Thestudy,ledbytheUKCentreforEcology&Hydrology(UKCEH)andpublishedin

NatureCommunications,usedstatisticalmodellingto___46___theundiscoveredbirdextinctions.LeadauthorDrRobCooke,anecologicalmodeleratUKCEH,says:“Ourstudydemonstratestherehasbeenafarhigher___47___impactondiversitythanpreviouslyrecognized.Humansquicklydestroyedbirdpopulationsthroughhabitatloss,over-exploitation,andtheintroductionofrats,pigs,anddogs,whichattackedthebirds’nests,and___48___withbirdsforfood.Weshowthatmanyspeciesbecameextinctbeforewrittenrecordsandleftno___49___,lostfromhistory.”DrS?renFaurbyoftheUniversityofGothenburg,aco-authorofthestudy,adds:“Thesehistoricextinctionshavehadamajorimpactonthecurrentbiodiversitycrisis.Theworldmaynotonlyhavelostmanyfascinatingbirdsbutalsotheirvaried____50____roles,whicharelikelytohaveincludedkeyfunctionssuchaspollination(授粉).Thiswillhavehadknock-oneffectsonecosystems,so,____51____birdextinctions,wewillhavelostalotofplantsandanimalsthat____52____thesespeciesforsurvival.”Observationsandfossilsshow640birdspecieshavebeendrivenextinct—90percentoftheseonislands____53____bypeople.These____54____fromtheiconic(標志性的)DodoofMauritiustotheGreatAukoftheNorthAtlantictothelesser-knownSaintHelenaGiantHoopoe.Buttheresearchersestimatetherehavebeenfurther790unknownextinctions,meaningatotalof1,430lostspecies—leavingjustunder11,000today.Therefore,fromtheperspectiveofprotectingspecies____55____,theprotectionofbirdsisanurgentissueformankind.41.A.Tosomeextent B.Onaverage C.Asaresult D.Inshort42.A.confirmed B.recorded C.concealedD.discussed43.A.distracted B.disposed C.dismissedD.disintegrated44.A.extent B.context C.outcomeD.influence45.A.dueto B.otherthan C.insteadofD.inspiteof46.A.declare B.illustrate C.estimateD.emphasize47.A.climate B.human C.environmental D.natural48.A.connected B.coped C.livedD.competed49.A.trace B.route C.change D.proposal50.A.interactive B.ecological C.productive D.social51.A.intermsof B.becauseof C.exceptforD.inadditionto52.A.dependon B.interactwith C.fightagainstD.stayaway53.A.inhabited B.removed C.developed D.killed54.A.result B.range C.suffer D.date55.A.origin B.project C.growth D.diversity2024屆上海市奉賢區高三下學期二模英語試題Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.InabustlingcityinArizonastoodahighschoolwheremostofthestudentsliveinpoverty.AmongthemwerefoursonsofMexicanimmigrants,Juan,Oscar,Luis,andAlfredo.Theseboys,comingfrom____21____backgrounds,oftenfoundthemselvesoverlookedandunderestimated.Bondedbyfateandfriendship,theysharedacommonpassionfor____22____.Twoscienceteacherstheredecidedtoentertheirhighschoolintoacomplicated____23____roboticscompetitionsponsoredbytheNASAandtheNavalResearch.Excitedforthenews,thesefourboyssignedupforthecompetition.Withenthusiasmandenergy,theystartedcallingmechanicalengineersfordesignhelp.Theywere____24____thatthesekindsofrobotsrequireglasssyntacticflotationfoam,atypeoffloatingmaterialusedinvariousmarineapplications.____25____money,alltheycouldaffordwassomePVCpipesandducttape(強力膠布).____26____,theysearchedthecityforvariousspareparts,gatheringwhatevertheycouldtobringtheirvisiontolife.Withtheteachers’guidanceandencouragement,they____27____togetherarobotwithnomorethanmetalandwires.Astheyworkedontheirrobot,theboysalsofacedpersonalchallenges.Juanstruggledwiththeweightoffamilyresponsibilities;Oscar____28____adeep-seatedfearoffailure;Luis’sheartachedfromtheconstantpeers’mockery(嘲笑)forhis____29____accent,andAlfredolongedforacceptanceandbelonging.____30____theseobstacles,theypersevered,leaningoneachotherforsupportandinspiration.Afterafewtestrunsoftheirrobot,theypiledintoasecond-handvantoheadtothecompetition.Uponenteringthemainpoolarea,theynoticedthecollegeteamswearingmatchingoutfits,withrobotssponsoredbybigcompanies.Feelingabitnervous,theboysputtherobotinthewaterforatestrun.____31____,thePVCdidn’tholdup,causingtherobottoleakandsink.However,insteadoflettingthis____32____ruintheirspirits,theboysputtheirheadstogetherandcameupwithabrilliantsolution.12hourslater,armedwith8super-absorbentpadstoplugtheleak,therobotwas____33____intothepoolagain.Thistime,theirrobotperformedadmirably.Glidinggracefullythroughthewaters,itnavigatedthecoursewithprecisionandspeed,____34____thejudgesandaudiencealike.Thisunderwaterrobot,asymboloftheirdeterminationand____35____,conqueredthewaters,defeatedengineeringpowerhouseMITandrankedfirstinthecountry.Thiswasnotjustawinforthosefourbutavictoryforeveryunderdogwithadream.21.A.academic B.relevant C.humbleD.professional22.A.space B.mechanics C.research D.ocean23、A.giant B.industrial C.underwater D.local24、A.advised B.forced C.challengedD.consulted25、ARelianton B.Availableto C.ShortofD.Desperatefor26、A.Therefore B.Otherwise C.Moreover D.However27、A.tied B.pieced C.added D.wrapped28、A.conquered B.created C.expressed D.battled29、A.perfect B.strange C.slight D.elegant30、A.With B.Given C.Despite D.Besides31、A.Unfortunately B.Basically C.ActuallyD.Consequently32、A.disagreement B.failure C.conflict D.progress33、A.scaled B.lowered C.inserted D.fed34、A.boring B.confusing C.wowingD.motivating35、A.bravery B.generosity C.confidenceD.perseverance2024市上海市楊浦區高三下學期二模英語試題Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.4WaystoGetThatVacationFeelinginTwoDaysGoingonvacationeveryweek?Itmightsoundlikethe____21____dream.Butasimplemindset____22____canmakeithappen—notravelinvolved.Afewyearsago,Holmesandhercolleaguesbegan____23____theimportanceoftakingvacations.Inaseriesofexperiments,Holmes’team____24____441U.S.workerstoeitherspendtheweekendlikeanyother,ortreatitlikeavacation.WhentheywerebackatworkonMonday,peoplewhohadadoptedavacationmindsetreportedbeinghappierandlessstressed.“Whatwassomewhatsurprisingisthattheeffectwasn’tdrivenbypeoplespendingtimeallthat____25____,”Holmessays.“Itwasthismindsetthatallowedthemtobemorepresent,____26____beingin“doing”mode,itallowedpeopletosettleinandbeinthemoment.Weaskedpeopletosharetheirfavoritetipsforadoptingavacationmindsetathome.1.Getcreativeabout____27____timeNoteveryonehasSaturdayandSundayoffworkandactuallysomepeopleoftenfindtheirweekendschedulesfully____28____.Youcouldstillapplythephilosophy.Forexample,devoteanhouronSundaymorningtothe____29____,butprotecttherestoftheweekendasyourvacationtime.2.ReflectonprioritiesFocusonwhatmakesavacationdifferentfroma_____30_____weekend.“Doesitmeanturningoffyouremailnotifications?Spendingmoneycarelessly?“Maybeitmeansbeingabletospendtimewithpeopleyoudon’tnormallygettosee,orgivingyourselfabreakonaworkout,”Holmessays.“It’shelpfultomakealistofthosethingsandbeableto_____31_____.”3.Actlikea_____32_____DecisionscientistNikaKabirirecommendsdoingsomethingtotallynewsoyoucandisconnectfromthesameoldroutines_____33_____yourlife.Amongherfavoriteideas:Drivetoapartoftownyou’veneverbeentobeforegoforastroll,andgrablunchatthefirstcutecaféyousee.“Thespontaneity（自發性）iswhatmakesexperienceslikethisfeelvacation-like,”Kabirisays.4.Don’tputextrapressureonyourselfTreatingyourweekendlikeavacationdoesn’tmeanitneedstobeacomplicatedaffair.Ifyour“vacation”encountersafewproblemsorlastsforonlyafewhours—don’tworry.“Itdoesn’thavetobeallornothing,”Kabirisays.“Don’tputpressureonyourselftohavethis‘perfectvacation.’”It’s_____34_____tobefun._____35_____,there’salwaysanotheronejustafewdaysaway.21.A.unattainable B.inharmonious C.incompleteD.unprofessional22.A.study B.shift C.trend D.proposal23.A.representing B.ranking C.exploringD.predicting24.A.persuaded B.challenged C.motivatedD.instructed25.A.practically B.literally C.identicallyD.differently26.A.Inlightof B.Regardlessof C.InfavorofD.Insteadof27.A.telling B.killing C.making D.changing28.A.cleared B.packed C.removedD.dominated29.A.laundry B.recreation C.movies D.picnic30.A.regular B.dramatic C.primitive D.peaceful31.A.identifywith B.dependon C.followthroughD.substitutefor32.A.resident B.master C.tourist D.neighbor33.A.facilitating B.governing C.revealingD.polishing34.A.proved B.defined C.described D.meant35.A.Plus B.Hence C.Still D.Finally2024屆上海市虹口區高三下學期二模英語試題Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Inthemiddleof2023,astudyconductedbytheHuthLabattheUniversityofTexassentshockwavesthroughthefieldsofneuroscience(神經科學)andtechnology.Forthefirsttime,thethoughtsandimpressionsofpeople___41___tocommunicatewiththeoutsideworldweretranslatedintocontinuousnaturallanguage,usingacombinationofartificialintelligence(AI)andbrainimagingtechnology.Thisistheclosestsciencehasyetcometo___42___someone’smind.Losingtheabilitytocommunicateisadeepcuttoone’ssenseofself.___43___thisabilitygivesthepatientgreatercontrolovertheirlives.Butitcouldalsogiveotherentities,suchascorporations,researchersandotherthirdparties,a(n)___44___degreeofinsightinto,orevencontrolover,thelivesofpatients.TheNeuroRightsFoundation,basedatColumbiaUniversityinNewYork,arguesthatnewrightssurroundingneurotechnologieswillbe___45___forallhumanstopreservetheirprivacy,identity,andfreewill.Thepotential___46___ofdisabledpatientsmakesthisaparticularlyimportantproblem.___47___thisapproach,Chilewasthefirstcountrythatadoptedlegislation,draftingnewlaws,toaddresstherisksofneurotechnology.Itnotonlyintroducedanewconstitutionalrighttomental___48___,butisalsointheprocessofadoptingabillthatbanssellingneurodata,andforcesallneurotechdevicestoberegulatedasmedicaldevices,eventhoseintendedforthegeneralconsumer.Theproposedlegislationrecognizestheintensely___49___natureofneuraldataandconsidersitasorgantissues,whichcannotbeboughtorsold,onlydonated.Butthislegislationhasalsofaced____50____,withlegalscholarsquestioningtheneedfornewrightsandpointingoutthatitcoulddiscouragebeneficialbrainresearchfordisabledpatients.WhilethelegalactiontakenbyChileisthemostimpactfuland____51____todate,othercountriesareconsideringupdatingexistinglawstofacethenewdevelopmentsinneurotechnologies.Andwhileitislikelythatthefirstapplicationsofneurotechwillbemedical,future____52____arelikelytoinvolveconsumerapplicationssuchasentertainment,aswellasformilitaryandsecuritypurposes.Thegrowing____53____ofneurotechnologyinacommercialcontextonlycausesmorelegalconcerns.Differentpeople,societies,andcultureswilldisagreeonwheretodrawtheline.Weareata(n)____54____stageoftechnologicaldevelopment.Andaswebegintouncoverthegreatpotentialofbrainscience,theneedtoconsidertheirimplicationsforlegalactionbecomesmore____55____.41.A.eager B.ready C.unwilling D.unable42.A.clearing B.occupying C.changing D.reading43.A.Reducing B.Restricting C.RestoringD.Requiring44.A.irrelevant B.uncomfortable C.negligibleD.supportive45.A.needed B.limited C.controlled D.denied46.A.application B.weakness C.impactD.significance47.A.Incomparisonwith B.Inlinewith C.Attheconclusionof D.Atthecostof48.A.integrity B.condition C.disorder D.function49.A.group B.general C.physical D.personal50.A.interaction B.chance C.criticism D.defence51.A.far-reaching B.labor-saving C.short-sighted D.ill-timed52.A.advances B.arrangements C.requirements D.policies53.A.confidence B.availability C.membershipD.movement54A.mature B.initial C.different D.final55.A.diversified B.genuine C.pressing D.special答案2024屆上海市黃浦區高三下學期二模英語試卷【答案】41.C42.A43.D44.A45.B46.B47.C48.D49.A50.A51.D52.A53.B54.B55.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了能說兩種語言，可以將癡呆癥發病時間推遲至多5年，由于這種潛在的好處，許多人試圖在成年后學習一門新的語言。專家表示，經常說多種語言可能特別有益。【41題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：從表面上看，他的退休愛好似乎有點隨意——我們家與法語國家沒有任何聯系——但他的動機比對蛋糕的熱愛更深層次。A.affection喜愛；B.contribution貢獻；C.motivation動機；D.struggle努力。根據上文“MyfatherdecidedtostartlearningFrenchwhenhewas57.(我父親在57歲時決定開始學習法語)”可知，此處指父親學習法語的動機比對蛋糕的熱愛更深層次。故選C。【42題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我的祖母在70歲出頭時出現了阿爾茨海默氏癥的跡象，研究表明，會說雙語，也就是能說兩種語言，可以將這種疾病的發病時間推遲至多5年。A.delay推遲；B.prevent阻止；C.signal示意；D.stimulate激勵。根據后文“benefit,manypeoplehaveattemptedtopickupanewlanguageinadulthood”可知，此處指研究表明，會說雙語，也就是能說兩種語言，可以將這種疾病的發病時間推遲至多5年。故選A。【43題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：由于這種潛在的好處，許多人試圖在成年后學習一門新的語言。A.additional附加的；B.educational教育的；C.lasting持久的；D.potential潛在的。結合上文提到研究表明，會說雙語，也就是能說兩種語言，可以將癡呆癥的發病時間推遲至多5年，所以是潛在的好處，故選D。【44題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：專家表示，經常說多種語言可能特別有益。A.beneficial有益的；B.common共同的；C.impractical不明智的；D.rare罕見的。根據上文“Lotsofactivitiesarelinkedtobetterbrainhealthinoldage,likegettingmoreeducationwhenyou’reyoungerandphysicalactivity.(許多活動都與老年時更好的大腦健康有關，比如年輕時接受更多的教育和體育鍛煉)”提到了許多活動都與老年時更好的大腦健康有關，比如年輕時接受更多的教育和體育鍛煉，而專家表示經常說多種語言可能特別有益。故選A。【45題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：西悉尼大學專門研究雙語的教授馬克·安東尼奧說：“我們在日常生活的各個方面都使用語言，所以雙語大腦一直在工作。”A.carelessly馬虎地；B.constantly不斷地；C.creatively創造性地；D.delicately微妙地。根據上文“Weuselanguageinallaspectsofdailylife,soabilingualbrainis”指會說雙語的大腦一直在工作。故選B。【46題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：你學習另一門語言的年齡似乎沒有你說這門語言的頻率重要。A.long長地；B.often經常；C.soon很快；D.well好地。根據上文“regularlyspeaking”可知，學習另一門語言的年齡似乎沒有你說這門語言的頻率重要。故選B。【47題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：認知上的好處是必須限制你的母語，如果你試圖用另一種語言回憶正確的單詞，你的大腦就會被迫這樣做。A.command命令；B.practice練習；C.restrict限制；D.spread傳播。根據后文“yourmothertongue,whichyourbrainisforcedtodoifyou’retryingtorecalltherightwordsinanotherlanguage”可知，如果你試圖用另一種語言回憶正確的單詞，你的大腦就會被迫限制說你的母語。故選C。【48題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：所以如果經常使用第二語言，你就會得到認知訓練。A.function功能；B.psychology心理學；C.system系統；D.training訓練。根據上文“ifthesecondlanguageisusedalot,you’regettingthatcognitive”可知，如果經常使用第二語言，你就會得到認知訓練。故選D。【49題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：從理論上講，通過改善這些類型的過程，大腦會變得更強大，以抵御癡呆癥等疾病造成的損害。A.damages破壞；B.operations運作；C.pains痛苦；D.signs跡象。根據后文“causedbydiseaseslikedementia”指癡呆癥等疾病造成的損害。故選A。【50題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這種想法認為，你的精神力量越強大，即使你的大腦健康狀況開始下降，你也能正常工作的時間越長。A.decline下降；B.improve改善；C.matter重要；D.restore恢復。根據后文“Thestrongeryourmentalpower,thethinkinggoes,thelongeryoucanfunctionnormally,evenifyourbrainhealthstartsto”中evenif表示讓步，可知你的精神力量越強大，即使你的大腦健康狀況開始下降，你也能正常工作的時間越長。故選A。【51題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，對于60多歲的人來說，將學習第二語言作為一種愛好有好處的證據并不明顯。A.available可用的；B.mounting上升的；C.stronger更強壯的；D.weaker較弱的。根據后文“ResearchbyDr.AntoniouandcolleaguesfoundthatwhileChineseadults60andupimprovedoncognitiontestsafterasix-monthlanguagelearningprogram,peoplewhoplayedgameslikeSudokudidaswell.(安東尼奧博士及其同事的研究發現，雖然60歲及以上的中國成年人在接受了六個月的語言學習項目后，在認知測試中有所提高，但玩數獨等游戲的人也有同樣的表現)”可知，研究表明對于60多歲的人來說，將學習第二語言作為一種愛好有好處的證據并不明顯。故選D。【52題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：最近關于這個話題的兩項研究發現，參加語言學習項目后，人們的認知表現幾乎沒有什么不同。A.difference差異；B.involvement參與；C.point要點；D.reduction減少。上文提到對于60多歲的人來說，將學習第二語言作為一種愛好有好處的證據并不明顯，即人們的認知表現幾乎沒有什么不同。故選A。【53題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：進行這些研究的科學家提供了一些可能的解釋。A.applications應用；B.explanations解釋；C.findings發現；D.suggestions建議。后文“Anotheristhatthelanguageinterventionswereperhapstooshort.(另一個原因是語言干預可能太短了)”主要給出了這一現象的兩種解釋。故選B。【54題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一是參與者都是非常積極的志愿者，他們的表現可能已經達到了同齡人的最高水平，因此很難看到任何改善。A.diversities多樣性；B.improvements改善；C.outcomes結果；D.possibilities可能性。根據上文“theparticipantswerehighlymotivatedvolunteers,whomayhavealreadybeenatpeakperformancefortheirage”可知，參與者都是非常積極的志愿者，他們的表現可能已經達到了同齡人的最高水平，因此很難看到任何改善。故選B。【55題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：調查這個問題的少數研究使用了在長度和頻率上都大不相同的語言課程。A.content內容；B.intention意圖；C.length長度；D.requirement要求。根據上文“Anotheristhatthelanguageinterventionswereperhapstooshort.(另一個原因是語言干預可能太短了)”可知，此處指使用在長度和頻率上都大不相同的語言課程。故選C。2024屆上海市普陀區高三下學期二模英語試題【答案】41.C42.B43.D44.A45.A46.C47.B48.D49.A50.B51.D52.A53.A54.B55.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要闡述研究人員通過研究發現，雖然已經記錄了許多人類造成的鳥類滅絕，但是真實數字要大得多，許多物種在有文字記載之前就已經滅絕了，其中絕大多數是直接或間接由人類活動而造成的，而且這些鳥類的滅絕也造成了其他依賴其生存的物種的滅絕。【41題詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：結果，大多數鳥類消失了。A.Tosomeextent在某種程度上；B.Onaverage平均；C.Asaresult因此，結果；D.Inshort簡言之。上文“butovertime,peoplehavecometotheseplaceswithfar-reachingeffects,includingdeforestation,over-huntingandtheintroductionofinvasivespecies”與空后“mostofthebirdspeciesdisappeared”為因果關系，Asaresult“因此”符合語境。故選C。【42題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然自16世紀以來許多鳥類的死亡被記錄下來，但我們對這之前物種命運的了解依賴于化石，而且這些記錄是有限的，因為鳥類的輕質骨骼隨著時間的推移會分解。A.confirmed確認；B.recorded記錄；C.concealed隱藏；D.discussed討論。根據下文“manyspeciesbecameextinctbeforewrittenrecordsandleftno___9___,lostfromhistory”可知，以前物種的滅絕沒有文字記錄，直到16世紀以來才有許多鳥類死亡被記錄下來。故選B。【43題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然自16世紀以來有許多鳥類死亡的記錄，但我們對這之前物種命運的了解依賴于化石，而且這些記錄是有限的，因為鳥類的輕質骨骼隨著時間的推移會分解。A.distracted使分心，使轉移注意力；B.disposed處理，配置，使適應；C.dismissed不予理會，解散；D.disintegrated使分解，使碎裂。根據空前“ourknowledgeofthefateofspeciesbeforethisreliesonfossils(化石),andtheserecordsarelimited”以及常識可知，鳥類的輕質骨骼隨著時間的推移會被分解，因此，化石留下的信息也是很有限的。故選D。【44題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這掩蓋了全球物種滅絕的真實程度。A.extent程度；B.context上下文，語境；C.outcome結果；D.influence影響。由上文“ourknowledgeofthefateofspeciesbeforethisreliesonfossils(化石),andtheserecordsarelimitedbecausebirds’lightweightbonesare___3___overtime”可知，有限的記錄以及容易分解的鳥類骨骼讓人們無法真實地了解全球物種滅絕的程度。故選A。【45題詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：研究人員現在認為，自大約13萬年前以來，1430種鳥類——近12%——在現代人類歷史上已經滅絕，其中絕大多數是直接或間接由于人類活動而滅絕的。A.dueto由于；B.otherthan除了；C.insteadof而不是；D.inspiteof盡管。根據空前“thevastmajorityofthembecomingextinctdirectlyorindirectly”以及空后“humanactivity”可知，絕大多數鳥類滅絕是直接或間接地由于人類活動而導致的，闡述物種滅絕的原因。故選A。【46題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這項由英國生態與水文中心（UKCEH）領導并發表在《自然通訊》上的研究使用統計模型來估計未被發現的鳥類滅絕。A.declare宣布；B.illustrate說明，闡明；C.estimate估計；D.emphasize

強調。根據空前“usedstatisticalmodelling”以及下文“Ourstudydemonstratestherehasbeenafarhigher___7___impactondiversitythanpreviouslyrecognized.”可知，這項研究運用統計模型對未被發現的鳥類滅絕情況進行估計。故選C。【47題詳解】考查名詞/形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們的研究表明，人類對生物多樣性的影響遠比我們之前認識到的要大得多。A.climate氣候；B.human人（類），人（類）的；C.environmental環保的；D.natural天然的，自然的。根據下文“Humansquicklydestroyedbirdpopulationsthroughhabitatloss,over-exploitation,andtheintroductionofrats,pigs,anddogs,whichattackedthebirds’nests”可知，此處指人類活動對生物多樣性的影響。故選B。【48題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：人類通過棲息地的喪失、過度開發以及老鼠、豬和狗的引入，迅速摧毀了鳥類的數量，這些老鼠、豬和狗攻擊了鳥類的巢穴，并與鳥類爭奪食物。A.connected連接；B.coped處理；C.lived

居住，活著；D.competed競爭。根據空后“withbirdsforfood”可知，老鼠、豬、狗和鳥類爭奪食物。故選D。【49題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們展示了許多物種在文字記錄之前就滅絕了，沒有留下任何痕跡，從歷史中消失了。A.trace遺跡，蹤跡；B.route路線；C.change改變，變化；D.proposal提議。根據空后“lostfromhistory”可知，許多物種在有文字記載之前就已滅絕，從歷史中沒有留下痕跡。故選A。【50題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：世界可能不僅失去了許多迷人的鳥類，而且失去了它們各種各樣的生態作用，其中可能包括授粉等關鍵功能。A.interactive互動的，交互的；B.ecological生態的；C.productive多產的；D.social社會的，社交的。根據空后的“whicharelikelytohaveincludedkeyfunctionssuchaspollination(授粉)”可知，此處指的是失去生態功能。故選B。【51題詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：這將對生態系統產生連鎖反應，因此，除了鳥類滅絕外，我們還將失去許多依賴這些物種生存的動植物。A.intermsof就……而言；B.becauseof因為；C.exceptfor除了；D.inadditionto除……以外（還）。根據空前“Thiswillhavehadknock-oneffectsonecosystems”以及空后“birdextinctions,wewillhavelostalotofplantsandanimalsthat____12____thesespeciesforsurvival.”可知，一些鳥類的滅絕帶來了連鎖反應，還造成其他依賴這些鳥類的物種的滅絕，即除了這些鳥類滅絕外，還帶來其他物種的滅絕。故選D。【52題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：這將對生態系統產生連鎖反應，因此，除了鳥類滅絕外，我們還將失去許多依賴這些物種生存的動植物。A.dependon依賴，取決于；B.interactwith與……互動；C.fightagainst與……作斗爭；D.stayaway遠離。根據上文“Theworldmaynotonlyhavelostmanyfascinatingbirdsbutalsotheirvaried____10____roles,whicharelikelytohaveincludedkeyfunctionssuchaspollination(授粉).Thiswillhavehadknock-oneffectsonecosystems”可知，一些鳥類的滅絕，使它們的一些重要生態功能比如授粉功能喪失，造成其他依賴這些鳥類而生存繁衍的動植物也滅絕。故選A。【53題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：觀察和化石顯示，640種鳥類已經滅絕，其中90%是在有人居住的島嶼上滅絕的。A.inhabited居住；B.removed去掉，移開；C.developed發展；D.killed殺死。根據上文“Manyoftheworld’sislandswerepreviouslyunexploredplaces,butovertime,peoplehavecometotheseplaceswithfar-reachingeffects,includingdeforestation,over-huntingandtheintroductionofinvasivespecies”以及“Humansquicklydestroyedbirdpopulationsthroughhabitatloss,over-exploitation”可知，人類造成鳥類棲息地的喪失，過度狩獵等活動直接或間接造成許多鳥類的滅絕，由此推斷，眾多鳥類的滅絕是在有人類居住的島嶼上發生的。故選A。【54題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這些鳥類包括從毛里求斯標志性的渡渡鳥到北大西洋的大海雀，再到不太知名的圣赫勒拿巨型渡渡鳥。A.result(因……)發生；B.range包括……之間的各類事物，變化；C.suffer遭受；D.date注明日期，確定年代。根據上文以及空后“fromtheiconic(標志性的)DodoofMauritiustotheGreatAukoftheNorthAtlantictothelesser-knownSaintHelenaGiantHoopoe”可知，此處列舉了有人類居住的島上滅絕的一些鳥類，rangefrom…to“包括（從……到……）之間的各類事物”符合語境。故選B。【55題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，從保護物種多樣性的角度來看，保護鳥類是人類迫切需要解決的問題。A.origin起源；B.project項目，計劃；C.growth生長；D.diversity多樣性。根據上文“Buttheresearchersestimatetherehavebeenfurther790unknownextinctions,meaningatotalof1,430lostspecies—leavingjustunder11,000today.”可知，有眾多的物種消失，結合上文所闡述的一些鳥類滅絕所造成的連鎖反應可知，保護鳥類能夠保護物種的多樣性。故選D。2024屆上海市奉賢區高三下學期二模英語試題【答案】21.C22.B23.C24.A25.C26.A27.B28.D29.B30.C31.A32.B33.B34.C35.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了四個來自貧困地區的學生參加水下機器人比賽并獲勝的故事。【21題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這些男孩出身卑微，經常發現自己被忽視和低估。A.academic學術的；B.relevant相關的；C.humble卑微的；D.professional專業的。根據上文“Inab