PartⅡLesson1RootsandShoots學習目標話題語境綠色生活與環保課時詞匯root,shoot,bother,firm,foundation,involve常用短語sufferfrom,sowhat,takeaction,setup,allaroundtheworld,makeadifference,haveaneffecton重點句式make＋賓語＋賓補；sothat引導目的狀語從句單詞巧練寫準記牢Ⅰ.核心單詞練習：請依據所給的詞性和詞義寫出單詞1．________adj.擔憂的；苦惱的2．________adj.堅實的；穩固的3．________n.基礎；地基4．________vt.參與；包含Ⅱ.常用單詞練習：依據句意和所給的首字母或中文提示寫出符合句中單詞的正確形式1．Ivisitedanumberofresearchi________inAsia.2．Bakethecakesuntiltheyaref________tothetouch.3．Thebuildersarenowbeginningtolaythe________(地基)ofthenewschool.4．Hehada________(磚)thrownathimatthatmeeting.5．Hewas________(參與)inaheatedargument.6．Evenifyouplanttheseedupsidedown,ther________willstillgrowdown.7．Twoweeksafterwe'dplantedtheseeds,littlegreens________startedtoappear.8．He'sveryb________aboutwhatpeoplethinkofhim.?第一版塊：重點單詞1.rootn．樹根；根源；起因；(某人的)祖籍，根v．生根；翻找，搜尋(教材P31)Roots&Shoots根與芽[用法歸納]treeroots樹根haveone'srootsinsth.源于gobacktoone'sroots找到……的根putdownroots(植物)生根；定居takerootin(植物)生根；扎根；……被接受；深化人心rootaround/about翻找rootout消退；根除；杜絕rootup將(植物)連根拔起berootedtothespot/ground/floor(因膽怯 、驚嚇、震驚等)呆若木雞；不能動彈[即學即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①Butthoughhewasrooted________hispast,hewasn'tstuckthere.②Afterhisparentslefttheworld,Peterfelt________(root).③Earlyformsofcakeweresimplyakindofbread,sothistradition________________________(起源于)thecustomofsharingbread.④Sohowcanyoucomeupwithbrilliantdaydreamsandavoidfallingover________________(樹根)orotherwiselookinglikeafool?⑤He__________________________(找到他的根)andrediscoveredthebeautyinChinesefolkmusic.詞語拓展：rootedadj.根源的；起源的；根深蒂固的rootlessadj.無家可歸的；無所歸屬的2.shootv.(shot,shot)射中；射擊；放射n．芽；苗；嫩枝(教材P31)Roots&Shoots根與芽[合作探究]體會shoot的用法和意義Twoweeksafterwe'dplantedtheseeds,littlegreenshootsstartedtoappear.我們播種后兩周，綠色的小嫩芽就起先長出了。Thehuntertookashootatthedeerinthedistance.獵手向遠處的那頭鹿開了槍。Thenewsoldiershotatthetarget,butmisseditagain.這個新兵向靶子射擊，但又沒有射中。[用法歸納]shootat向……射擊(表示動作，不肯定射中)shootsb.dead開槍打死某人shootup猛漲；快速增長；突然出現shootout從里面射出；突然出擊；快速長出shootsb.inthehead/back/leg射中某人的頭部/背部/腿部shootsb.擊中某人shootsb./sth.down將某人/某物擊落[即學即練]單句語法填空/完成句子/翻譯句子①Oneofhercousins________(shoot)deadonlyafewstreetsawayfromwhereshelived.②Thehuntershot________thedeer,buthedidn'tshootit.③Themurderer________(shoot)themaninthebackandstolethediamondfromhissuitcase.④Itook________shotatthebeautifulsceneryinthedesert.⑤Afterlastweek'srain,theweedshave________________(快速生長).⑥David____________________________(試著)comingclosetotheinjuredwolf.⑦這株植物的芽很嫩，所以你應當把它放在陰涼處。________________________________________________________________________詞語拓展：shotn．射擊；放射；投球；擊球；鏡頭；畫面；機會；嘗試take/fireashot開槍，射擊；投球；拍照give/haveashotatsth.嘗試易錯提示：留意：“shootsb.in＋the＋身體部位”中，身體部位名詞前用the。shootatsb.向某人射擊(不肯定射中)；shootsb.打中某人。shootsb.dead開槍打死某人，dead是形容詞作賓語補足語。＝shootsb.inthe＋部位＝shootsb.'s＋部位如：shoothiminthehead＝shoothishead打中他的頭部3.botheredadj.擔憂的；苦惱的(教材P31)Well,sayyouleavethetaprunningwhileyoubrushyourteeth,leavealightonwhenyougooutoryoudropapieceoflitterandcan'tbebotheredtopickitup.例如，你刷牙的時候讓水嘩嘩地流，外出的時候不關燈，或者掉了一塊垃圾卻懶得撿起來。[合作探究]體會bother的用法和意義Don'tbothertogetdinnerforme.請不必費事為我做飯了。I'msorrythatIhavetobotheryouwith/aboutthisproblem.對不起，我要用這個問題來麻煩你了。[用法歸納]botherabout擔憂；麻煩bothersb.withsth.拿某事來煩擾某人bothertodo/doingsth.花時間/精力做某事cannotbebotheredtodosth.懶得做某事bebotheredaboutsb./sth.關切某人或某事Whybother?何必那么麻煩？Don'tbother.不用麻煩了。[即學即練]單句語法填空/完成句子/翻譯句子①SometimesIactasalisteningearforfellowstudentstotalkoverwhat________(bother)them.②Pleasedon'tbother________(buy)meanairticket.I'vegotone.③Mustyoubotherme________suchsillyjokes?④________________(何必那么麻煩)?Wecanstayathomeandwatchfilmsonline.⑤Thefamousmoviestarcouldhardlywalkdownthestreetwithout________________(沒有被打攪).⑥我懶得向他說明為什么參與聚會遲到了。________________________________________________________________________詞語拓展：botherv．打攪；煩擾；麻煩bothersomeadj.令人苦惱的；麻煩的；厭煩的名師提示：say在句中的意思是“假定，比如說”之意，如：①Let'stakeanywriter,sayDickens.咱們隨意拿個作家為例，比方說狄更斯。這里say＝forexample例如。②Sayyouhaveanaccident,whowouldlookafteryou？假如你出了事故，誰來照看你呢？這里say＝if/suppose。4.firmadj.堅實的；穩固的；確定的；堅決的；嚴格的，嚴厲的n．公司；商行；事務所(教材P31)TheorganisationiscalledRoots&Shootsbecauserootsmoveslowlyunderthegroundtomakeafirmfoundation,andshootsseemsmallandweak,buttheycanbreakopenbrickwallstoreachthelight.這個組織取名“根與芽”，取意根部在地下緩慢延長以形成堅實的基礎，而芽看起來又小又弱，卻可以向著光明沖破磚墻的阻擋。[用法歸納]firmbeliefs堅決的信仰afirmbeliever堅信者firmevidence牢靠的證據holdafirmbelief擁有堅決的信念befirmwithsb.對某人嚴厲takefirmaction實行嚴厲行動afirmhand強硬手段；鐵腕政策firmsth.up使變得牢固，穩固[即學即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①I________(firm)believethatwemustactatoncetoputanendtotheconflict.②HiscompanyisverybigandhasconnectionswithalotofAmerican________(firm).③Mymother________________________(擁有堅決的信念)thateducationcanchangeone'sfate.④Ifthelocalgovernment________________________(實行嚴厲行動)atonce,thingswillbecomebettersoon.⑤Hisfather________________________(對……嚴厲)Jackson,sotheydon'tgetalongwellwitheachother.⑥Exercisecanfirm________yourmuscles.詞語拓展：1．firm→firmlyadv.堅信地；堅決地2．foundvt.建立，創建，創立eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(foundasettlement建立一個居民點,foundaresearthinstitute創辦一個研,究機構,foundacompany/hospital創辦一個公,司/醫院))foundsth.onsth.＝basesth.onsth.將一事物建立在另一事物的基礎上/以……作為……的基礎e．g.anovelfoundedonfact依據事實寫成的小說3．foundationn．創立，創辦，建立；基金/基金會；基礎makeafoundation打基礎laythefoundationsofabuilding給建筑物奠基5.foundationn．基礎；基地[用法歸納]laya(firm/solid)foundationfor為……打下(堅實的)基礎foundsth.onsth.＝basesth.onsth.把……建立在……的基礎上befoundedon...建立在……的基礎上[即學即練]單句語法填空/翻譯句子①Earlystudylaidafirm________(found)forhisresearch.②Thebusiness,________(found)byMrSmith,hassufferedagreatloss.③Sheplanstostarta________(found)forhomelesschildrenandwantstobuildacommunitycentreinWaterhouse.④嚴格的訓練為他的勝利奠定了堅實的基礎。________________________________________________________________________詞語拓展：foundvt.創建；創辦；建立，創立foundern．創辦者，發起人易混提示：findvt.找到，發覺→found→foundfoundvt.創建；建立→founded→foundedfindingn．(復數)findings(調查)發覺(調查)結果foundationn．基礎，基地6.involvevt.參與；包含；須要；牽涉，涉及；用心于(教材P31)Itisbyactingtogether,inthisexcitingway,thatwecaninvolvethousands—millions—ofpeople,andthisiswhatisgoingtochangetheworld.正是通過這種令人激烈的方式共同行動起來，我們可以讓成百上千、甚至千百萬人參與其中，這將變更世界。[合作探究]體會involve的用法和意義Don'tinvolvemeinyourquarrel！不要把我牽扯進你們的爭吵中！Hewasinvolvedinreadingthenovelallmorning.他整個早上都在用心讀小說。Nobodyinmylifereallywantstobeinvolvedwithme.在我的生命中，沒有一個人真正想融入我的生活。[用法歸納]involvedoingsth.包含/須要做某事involvesb.insth.把某人牽涉(或牽扯)到某事里be/getinvolvedin/with參與，參與；與……有關beinvolvedwith與……關系親密[即學即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①Nomatterwhatyouliketodo,thereisawaytoget________(involve)invariousactivitiesonEarthDay.②Michellefoundajobasahighschoolteacherwhich________(involve)spendingquitealotoftimewithstudents.③Runningyourownbusinessusuallyinvolves________(work)longhours.④You'dbetternotbeinvolved________Peter,whoisaddictedtotakingdrugs.⑤Wedidn'trealisehowmuchwork________(involve)inorganisingawedding.⑥Idon'twantto______________________(卷入)thequarrelbetweenTomandJack.⑦Tryto____________________________________(讓盡可能多的孩子參與)thegame.詞語拓展：involvedadj.參與的；有關聯的；困難難懂的involvementn．參與；卷入；牽連；投入；沉迷易錯提示：involved作前置定語和后置定語時意義不同：thepeopleinvolved所涉及的人aninvolvedplot困難的情節學問拓展：①dozen,score,hundred,thousand,million等表示數量的詞在表示詳細數量時可干脆后加名詞復數形式。如：adozenbooks一打書；ascore(of)books二十本書；twohundreddesks二百張課桌；fivemilliondollars五百萬美元②在表示幾十，很多，數以百計，數以千計或數以百萬計之意思時則用“dozensof＋名詞復數”，“scoresof＋名詞復數”，“millionsof＋名詞復數”，“hundredsof＋名詞復數”，“thousandsof＋名詞復數”等形式。如：scoresofpeople很多人；thousandsofstudents數以千計的學生但留意“severalhundredpeople幾百名人”等表達方式。?其次版塊：重點短語1.sufferfrom(身體或精神上)遭遇……(苦痛)(教材P31)Mostpeoplesufferfromwhatisknownas“Just-me-ism”．很多人都有所謂的“就我一個”問題。[用法歸納]sufferpain/hardship經驗苦痛/困難sufferadefeat/aloss/damage/punishment遭遇失敗/損失/損害/懲處sufferfromabadback背疼sufferfromabadcold患重感冒sufferfromillhealth身體不好sufferfromaheadache/toothache頭疼/牙疼[即學即練]單句語法填空/完成句子/翻譯句子①Withnorainforoverayear,thecityissuffering________unusuallyhotweather.②Youalwaysturnedadeafeartoouradvice,soyoudeservethe________(suffer)now.③Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretrees________________(已經遭遇)thegreatestwatershortage.④他的公司遭遇了重大損失。________________________________________________________________________⑤湯姆頭痛，所以我建議他去看醫生。________________________________________________________________________詞語拓展：sufferern．受害者；患者sufferingn．苦痛；難受；苦難2.sowhat那又怎樣(教材P31)Youknowthatallthosethingsarewrong,butsowhat?你知道這些都是不對的，但那又怎么樣？[用法歸納]Whatif...?假如……怎么辦？Whatfor?為什么？Whyme?為什么是我？Whynot?為什么不呢？Howcome?怎么會呢？Whocares?(常用于無禮地表示)管它呢，誰管呢？[即學即練]完成句子①—MrsBrownwillbeunhappyifyoudon'tgototheget-together.—________________(那又怎樣)?Ihatebeingwithher.②—Jim,canyouworkthisSunday?—________________(為什么是我)?I'vebeenworkingfortwoweeksonend.③—MichaelwaslateforMrSmith'schemistryclassthismorning.—________________(怎么會呢)?AsfarasIknow,henevercamelatetoclass.④________________(假如……怎么辦)theytalkedalongtimeaboutapaintingyouweren'tthatinterestedin?⑤________________goingtothemoviesthisevening?名師提示：這些省略句都是經過長期發展、約定俗成的口語省略結構。很少有人關注其省略的成分。(1)possible/necessary與if,when,where,whenever,wherever連用總是省略itis(2)as...aspossible盡可能……(3)ifonly往往省略虛擬句，表示“要是……就好了”。(4)whatif/though要是/即使……怎么辦/樣(5)what/howabout...？……如何/怎樣？(提出建議或征求對方看法)(6)why/whynotdo...？為什么不這樣做呢？3.takeaction實行行動(教材P31)Toinspireyoungpeopletotakeactionfortheenvironment,animalsandtheircommunity,Roots&Shootswasestablished.為了激勵年輕人行動起來愛護環境、動物和社區，“根與芽”誕生了。[合作探究]體會takeaction的用法和意義Theytookariskindrivingon,inspiteofthestorm.盡管有暴風雨，他們還是冒險駕車趕路。Thenewlawtakeseffectfromtomorrow.新法律從明天起生效。Weshouldtakemeasures/stepstokeepairandwaterclean.我們應當實行措施保持空氣和水的清潔。[用法歸納]takeactionagainst實行行動反對takeactiontodosth.實行行動做某事takemeasurestodosth.實行措施做某事takestepstodosth.實行行動做某事inaction在運轉；在活動中intoaction實施；實行outofaction停止運轉；失去效用；不能工作[即學即練]單句語法填空/翻譯句子/完成句子①It'stimetotakeaction________therisingcrimerateinourcity.②Thelocalgovernmenthastaken________(act)toimproveairquality.③Weshouldtakeaction________(protect)thoseendangeredspecies.④聯合國呼吁全部國家馬上實行行動。________________________________________________________________________⑤Iwouldliketoseethenewcar__________________.(運轉)⑥Iamafraidthecomputeris________________.(停止運轉)學問拓展：measure的用法：1．v.量；測量；測量起來是Wemeasuredthedistance.我們測量這段距離。Therowing-boatmeasures20feet.這劃艇長20英尺。2．vt.衡量，判定It'shardtomeasurehisabilitywhenwehaven'tseenhisworks.沒有見過他的作品，很難衡量他的實力。3．n.步驟；方法takemeasurestodosth.實行措施做某事safetymeasures平安措施4．n.尺寸，尺碼，標準makeacoatforsb.tosb.'smeasure依照某人的尺寸為某人做件上衣4.setup建立；創辦(教材P31)Thisinstitutewassetupintheearly1990sbyDr.JaneGoodall...這個組織于20世紀90年頭初由珍·古道爾博士創立……[用法歸納]setaboutdoingsth.起先/著手做某事setouttodosth.起先/著手做某事setaside把……放到一旁；留出(錢或時間)setdown登記，寫下；制定；放下setoff動身，動身；引發，激起setout(for)動身(去)，動身(去)setfiretosth.＝setsth.onfire點燃setsb.free釋放某人setanexampleto/for為……樹立榜樣[即學即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①Withthehelpofhisuncle,Peterset________acompanyofhisown.②Ifwehadset________heraddress,wewouldn'thavehaddifficultyfindingherhouse.③Weneedtoset________findingawaytodealwiththeproblem.④Theysucceededinwhattheyset________todo.⑤Hedecidedtoset________aschoolforthepoorchildrenfromthemountainvillages.⑥Shesets________abitofmoneyeverymonthforthefutureuse.⑦RalphW.Emersonwouldalways________________(記錄)newideasthatoccurredtohim.⑧Armedwiththeinformationyouhavegathered,youcan________________(起先)preparingyourbusinessplan.⑨Aliceisaverynicegirlandreadytohelpothers.Shehas______________________(為……樹立榜樣)usandweshouldlearnfromher.⑩Oneafternoonthesailors________________(動身)fromthecoastinasmallboatandwerecaughtinastorm.?LangLangInternationalMusicFoundation,________________(被成立)over10yearsago,hasraisedmillionsofdollarstosupportyoungmusicians.一言助記：Thefishermanwassetfree.Hesetdownhissuitcase,setupatentandsetfiretosomewoodtogetwarm.Afterhehadsetadateforgoinghome,hesetaboutpreparingtosetoutnextweek.漁夫被釋放了。他放下行李箱，搭了個帳篷，燒了一些木頭取暖。在確定了回家的日期之后，他起先做準備下周動身。名師點撥：setaboutdoingsth.中的about在短語中是介詞，故about后應用動名詞作介詞賓語。而setouttodosth.中的out是副詞。所以后面不能用名詞、代詞和動名詞，只能用不定式。5.allaroundtheworld全世界(教材P31)Therootsandshootsareyou,yourfriendsandyoungpeopleallaroundtheworld.根和芽就是你、你的摯友和世界各地的年輕人。[用法歸納]eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(allovertheworld,allaroundtheworld,throughouttheworld,acrosstheworld,inthewholeworld))全世界[即學即練]完成句子①Inthelastfewyearsthousandsoffilmshavebeenproduced____________________(全世界).②Theposthassincegainedtheattentionofsocialmediausers____________________(全世界),receivingmorethan184，000sharesand61，500likesinjustthreedays.詞義拓展：worldtheworld世界；全世界的人inthewholeworld全世界intheworld①在世界上，在全世界②究竟，原委(用在特別疑問詞的后面，用以加強語氣。)如：①Whatintheworldareyoudoing？你究竟在干什么？(＝onearth)②Whointheworld/onearthisgoingtoShanghai？究竟/原委誰準備去上海？6.makeadifference(to)(對……)產生影響；(對……)有意義(教材P31)Everyindividualmakesadifference.每個人都會產生影響。[用法歸納]makeabig/greatdifference(to)(對……)產生很大的影響makeno/littledifference(to)(對……)無影響；沒關系makesomedifference(to)(對……)有些影響/關系/作用ThereisnodifferencebetweenAandBA和B之間無差別AisdifferentfromBA與B不同[即學即練]完成句子①Hannahisoneofmanyexamplesofyoungpeoplewho________________________(正產生影響)intheworld.②Whatshesayswill________________________(對……無影響)ourplan.③Whatwearedoingnowwill________________________(對……產生很大的影響)thechildren'sfuture.學問拓展：“對……產生影響”的短語haveanimpacton...haveaninfluenceonhaveaneffectonmakeadifferenceto7.haveaneffecton對……有影響；對……有效果(教材P32)Thosepeopledon'tthinktheiractionssuchasleavingthetaprunningwhilebrushingtheirteethcanhavenegativeeffectsontheenvironment.那些人不認為他們的行為如刷牙的時候讓水嘩嘩地流會對環境產生負面影響。[用法歸納]haveabig/great/positive/negative/profoundeffecton...對……有大的/主動的/消極的/深遠的影響havenoeffecton對……無影響haveaninfluence/impacton對……有影響[即學即練]單句語法填空/完成句子/翻譯句子①Theconferencehasbeenheldtodiscusstheeffectsoftourism________thewildlifeinthisregion.②Ahappyhomeenvironmenthas________goodeffectonchildren'sgrowth.③Thenewtimetablewillcome________effecttomorrow.④Itishopedthatthebehaviourwill________________________(對……有主動的影響)thechildren.⑤Sandstormsusually__________________________(對……有壞的影響)people'shealth.⑥老師的話對我產生了主動的影響，變更了我的生活看法。________________________________________________________________________學問拓展：(1)bring/putsth.intoeffect使生效，實行，實施comeintoeffect生效，起先實施takeeffect起先起作用；生效，起先實施ineffect事實上，事實上(2)leavethetaprunning讓水嘩嘩地流leavethechildrunningabout讓孩子四處亂跑leavetheworkundone使工作處于未完成狀態leavethetestpaperunfinished使試卷處于未完狀態leavethepupilsintheclassroom把學生們丟在教室里不管了?第三版塊：重點句式1.make＋賓語＋賓補(教材P31)Hundredsandthousandsofrootsandshootscansolvetheproblems,changetheworldandmakeitabetterplacetolivein.成千上萬的根和芽能夠解決問題，變更世界，使其更加宜居。[用法歸納]make＋賓語＋賓補eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(名詞/形容詞,過去分詞,不帶to的不定式))makeit＋adj./n.＋todosth.使做某事成為……[即學即練]單句語法填空/翻譯句子/完成句子①ThebossmadeMartin________(work)longhours.②Bobmadehimself________(understand)tothewaiterbyusingbodylanguage.③我們讓湯姆當班長。________________________________________________________________________④他不停地說話，這讓我發瘋。________________________________________________________________________⑤你能讓這臺舊機器運轉嗎？________________________________________________________________________⑥Theymade____________________________thepoorvillagersinholidays.他們把假期幫助貧困的村民當作一種榮耀。名師點撥：(1)make后不接現在分詞作賓補；(2)make后作賓補的不定式不帶to，變成被動語態時不定式要帶to；(3)“makeit＋adj./n.＋帶to的不定式”中it是形式賓語，帶to的不定式為真正的賓語。如：Hemadeitaruletohelptheleft-behindclassmateswiththeirhomeworkafterschool.他把放學后幫助被落下的同學當作一條守規。2.sothat引導的目的狀語從句(教材P32)Therefore,RootsandShootshopestoinvolvemillionsofyoungpeopleinbuildingasecurefuturesothatwecanliveinpeacewithnature.因此，“根與芽”希望讓數以百萬計的年輕人參與建設一個平安的將來，以便我們能夠與自然和平共處。[用法歸納]本句中sothat引導目的狀語從句。sothat還可引導結果狀語從句。(1)sothat引導結果狀語從句：從句時態表明動作已經發生，且從句中一般不用情態動詞，可以用逗號與主句隔開。(2)sothat引導目的狀語從句：相當于inorderthat，從句中常有will,would,can,could,may,might等情態動詞，表明動作尚未發生。[即學即練]寫出句中sothat的意思并指出sothat引導什么狀語從句/完成句子/翻譯句子①MrsBrownraisedhervoiceso__thatallthestudentscouldhearherclearly.____________②MrsBrownraisedhervoice,so__thatallthestudentsheardherclearly.____________③Let'snotpickthesepeachesuntilthisweekend________________(以便)theycangetsweetenoughtobeeaten.④Tonygotupveryearlythismorning________________(結果)hecaughtthefirsttraintoNewYork.⑤他把自己的房子變成了一所學校，以便孩子們能受到教化。________________________________________________________________________⑥南希沒有為考試做準備，所以她沒能通過考試。________________________________________________________________________名師提示：so...astodo后跟結果狀語；soastodo...后跟目的狀語e．g.①Hegotupsoearlythismorningastoarriveatschoolfirst.今早晨他起床那么早結果第一個到達學校。②Hegotupearlythismorningsoasto/inordertoarriveatschoolfirst.他今日早晨起那么早，是為了第一個到達學校。③Hegotupveryearlysothathisparentscouldseehimanearlybird.(主句和從句主語不一樣)→Hegotupveryearlyeverymorningsoasforhisparentstobeabletoseehimanearlybird.他每天早晨都早起，以便讓父母能看到他很勤奮。3.Itis/was...that...強調結構(教材P31)Itisbyactingtogether,inthisexcitingway,thatwecaninvolvethousands—millionsofpeople，...正是通過這種令人激烈的方式我們能讓數以千計、數百萬計的人共同行動起來……[用法歸納]此句中包含Itis/was...that...強調句結構。該句型可以用于強調主語、賓語、狀語等。強調人時，可以用who代替that。(1)對主語進行強調：Itis/was＋主語＋that/who＋其他部分(2)對賓語進行強調：Itis/was＋賓語＋that/who＋其他部分(3)對狀語進行強調：Itis/was＋狀語＋that＋其他部分[即學即練]完成句子①是他講的話讓我驚訝。________________________surprisedme.②正因為這本書對我很有用，我才要買它。________________________Iwillbuyit.③我們是騎自行車去公園的。Itwas________________thatwewenttothepark.④他昨天是在電視上看到王先生的。Itwas________________thathesawMr.Wangyesterday.⑤是他昨天買了一束花。________________________boughtabunchofflowersyesterday.⑥昨天她望見的人是我。________________________shesawyesterday.⑦他是在10點過后回來的。________________________hecameback.⑧是因為生病他才沒有來。Itwas________________________thathedidn'tcome.名師點撥：(1)not...until...句型的強調句Hedidn'tseemeuntilIpattedhimontheshoulder.直到我拍他的肩膀他才看到我。→ItwasnotuntilIpattedhimontheshoulderthathesawme.視察此句可以看出，not...until句型對時間狀語從句的強調，須要把not跟until...一起放在被強調部分，而that引出的其他成分不再用not。(2)強調句型的疑問形式①一般疑問句的強調句式是“Is/Wasit＋被強調部分＋that/who/whom＋其他部分？”如：Wasitinthepalacethatthelastemperordied?②特別疑問句的強調句式是“特別疑問詞(疑問代詞或疑問副詞)＋is/was＋it＋that＋其他部分？”如：Whowasitthatwrotethesefamousplays?Wherewasitthatyoupickedupthewallet？4.itwouldn'tmatterif...假如……沒關系[用法歸納](1)mattervi.有重大關系itdoesn'tmatter沒關系/沒關系Whatdoesitmattertoyou?這對你有什么關系呢？(2)itwillnotmatterifsb.doessth.某人做某事沒關系(3)What'sthematterwithyou?你怎么啦？[即學即練]翻譯句子①毫無疑問她會考得很好。________________________________________________________________________②他們是否會支持我們還是一個問題。________________________________________________________________________③下周那位科學家真的要給我們做報告嗎？________________________________________________________________________④這是怎么發生的，對我來說就是一個謎。________________________________________________________________________⑤目前還不清晰，該路段何時可通行運用。________________________________________________________________________名師點撥：(1)此句型中的it是形式主語，真正的主語是if引導的從句。(2)留意：if引導的主語從句一般不放在句首，而是用it替代放在句首，然后把if從句置于句末。如：①Whatdoesitmatterifwedon'tworkhardatEnglish？假如我們不努力學習英語這又有什么關系呢？②Itdoesmattermuchtousifweworkhardatourlessonsatschool.在學校里努力學習功課對我們至關重要。(此句中does是對謂語動詞的強調)5.That'swhat...[用法歸納]what引導的從句放在連系動詞后，作表語。可以引導表語從句的詞語還有asif,because,that,whether,why...等。[即學即練]完成句子①我的想法是我們應當立刻行動。Myideais________________________________atonce.②問題是他是否誠懇。Thequestionis________________________________．③問題是我們如何找到他。Theproblemis________________________________．④那是我15歲時發生的事。Thatwas________________________________．⑤那就是我不能同你一起去的緣由。That's________________________________．⑥又不是你離開不回來了。Itisn't________________________________forever.⑦那是因為我太愛你了。That's________________________________toomuch.名師點撥：運用連接詞時的留意事項：what,when,where等連接詞有兩種含義：一種表示疑問，一種表示陳述。表示陳述時，相當于thethingthat,thetimewhen,theplacewhere，常譯為“……的人、事、話”“……的時間”“……的地點”等。如：①Thisiswhere(theplacewhere)wefoundtheinterest.這就是我們發覺的愛好所在。②Mytopictodayiswhat(＝thethingthat)mostscientistsareresearching.我今日的話題就是大多數科學家正在探討的課題。③Myquestioniswhenyouwillreturn.我的問題是你何時回來。(when表示疑問)ROOTS①&SHOOTS②Mostpeoplesufferfrom③whatisknownas“Just-me-ism④”.【1】Whatisthat?Well,sayyouleavethetaprunningwhileyoubrushyourteeth,leavealightonwhenyougooutoryoudropapieceoflitterandcan'tbebothered⑤topickitup⑥.Youknowthatallthosethingsarewrong,butsowhat?“Whatdifferencecanitpossiblymake？”yousaytoyourself.“TherearemillionsofpeopleintheworldandI'mjustme.HowcanitmatterifIleaveonelittletaprunning,onelittlelightonorleavealittlepieceoflitterontheroad?【2】Andanyway⑦，noonewillknow.”Ofcourse,itwouldn'tmatteriftherewerejustafewpeopleintheworld.Butjustthinkof⑧allthemillionsofpeoplesayingtothemselves:“Itdoesn'tmatter.It'sjustme.And,anyway,nooneknows.”Millionsofgallons⑨ofwaterwouldbewasted;millionsoflightswouldbelefton;millionsofpiecesoflitterwouldbedropped.Andallofthiswouldbeveryharmful.【1】what引導賓語從句，并且what在從句中作主語。【2】if引導條件狀語從句，在條件狀語從句中，leaveonelittletaprunning為“leave＋賓語＋賓補(現在分詞)”結構。Toinspireyoungpeopletotakeaction⑩fortheenvironment,animalsandtheircommunity,Roots&Shootswasestablished?.Thisinstitute?wassetup?intheearly1990sbyDr.JaneGoodall,ascientistwho'stheworld'sbest-knownexpertonwildchimpanzees?.【3】Inadditionto?herresearch,shehasbeenwhole-heartedlycommittedto?environmentalprotection.ThewholepurposeofRoots&Shootsistoeducateyoungpeople,frompre-schoolers?touniversitystudents,sotheycanhelptobuildafuturethatissecureandlivetogetherinpeacewith?nature.【4】【3】ascientist是Dr.JaneGoodall的同位語；who引導定語從句，修飾先行詞ascientist。【4】這是so連接的并列句。不定式短語toeducate...作表語；that引導定語從句，修飾先行詞afuture。TheorganisationiscalledRoots&Shootsbecauserootsmoveslowlyunderthegroundtomakeafirm?foundation?，andshootsseemsmallandweak,buttheycanbreakopenbrickeq\o(○,\s\up1(21))wallstoreachthelight.【5】Therootsandshootsareyou,yourfriendsandyoungpeopleallaroundtheworldeq\o(○,\s\up1(22)).Hundredsandthousandsofrootsandshootscansolvetheproblems,changetheworldandmakeitabetterplacetolivein.eq\a\vs4\al(【5】because引導緣由狀語從句，but連接表轉折的并列句。)Doyouthinkyouhelptomaketheworldabetterplacewhenyoumakeasadpersonsmile,whenyoumakeadogwageq\o(○,\s\up1(23))itstail,andwhenyouwaterathirstyplant?【6】Onecheered-upeq\o(○,\s\up1(24))person,onehappydog,onefloweringplant,andyou.That'swhatRoots&Shootsisallabout:thevalueandimportanceofeachindividual—human,animalorplant.Dr.JaneGoodallbelievesthatthemostimportantthingisthat：“Everyindividualmatterseq\o(○,\s\up1(25)).Everyindividualhasaroletoplay.Everyindividualmakesadifferenceeq\o(○,\s\up1(26)).”Yougettochoose:Doyouwanttouseyourlifetomaketheworldabetterplaceforpeople,animalsandtheenvironment?DoyouwanttomakeRoots&Shootsrootedineveryone'sheart?Doyouwanttobeapartofacommunityforasharedfuture?Youcannotbeabsent.eq\a\vs4\al(【6】三個when引導的都是時間狀語從句。)Itisbyactingeq\o(○,\s\up1(27))together,inthisexcitingway,thatwecaninvolveeq\o(○,\s\up1(28))thousands—millions—ofpeople,andthisiswhatisgoingtochangetheworld.【7】—JaneGoodall【7】本句是一個and連接的并列句。第一個分句是強調句，強調的是介詞短語byactingtogether。what引導的是表語從句。[詞語積累]①root/ru?t/n.樹根v．翻找；搜尋；(使)生根rootedadj.根源的；起源的②shoot/?u?t/n.芽，苗；嫩枝vt.射中；射擊shootat朝……射擊③sufferfrom遭遇④just-me-ism/'d??stmi'?z?m/n.以自我為中心⑤bothered/'b?e?d/adj.擔憂的；苦惱的notbebotheredtodosth.懶得做某事⑥pickup撿起；撿起⑦anywayadv.不管怎樣⑧thinkof考慮；想起；想想⑨gallon/'g?l?n/n.加侖⑩takeaction實行行動takemeasures實行措施takesteps實行措施?establishvt.建立；創辦?institute/'?nst?tju?t/n.機構；探討院?setup建立；創辦?chimpanzee/?t??mp?n'zi?/n．黑猩猩?inadditionto除……之外inaddition此外；而且?becommittedto致力于……(to是介詞)commitv．保證；承諾；表達看法；投入?pre-schoolersn．學齡前兒童?inpeacewith與……和平相處inpeace和平地；祥和地?firm/f??m/adj.堅實的；穩固的firmlyadv.堅決地；堅信地?foundation/fa?n'de???n/n.基礎；地基foundv．建立；創辦layafirmfoundation打下堅實的基礎eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))brick/br?k/n.磚，磚塊eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))allaroundtheworld全世界allovertheworld/throughouttheworld/acrosstheworld全世界eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))wag/w?ɡ/vi.&vt.(狗)搖(尾巴)wagone'stail搖尾巴eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))cheered-upadj.歡呼的cheerup使……興奮；振作起來eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))matterv．重要；有關系(主要用于否定句或疑問句中)eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))makeadifference有影響；重要eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))bydoing通過做某事eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))involve/?n'v?lv/vt.參與；包含beinvolvedin參與，參與beinvolvedwith與……有關系根(root)與芽(shoot)很多人都有所謂的“就我一個(Just-me-ism)”問題。這是什么意思呢？例如，你刷牙的時候讓水嘩嘩地流，外出的時候不關燈，或者掉了一塊垃圾卻懶得(bother)撿起來。你知道這些都是不對的，但那又怎么樣？“會有什么差別呢？”你對自己說，“世界上有數百萬人，我不過是我自己。假如我不關一個小小的水龍頭、一盞小小的燈或在路上掉了一小塊垃圾，這會有什么問題？而且不管怎樣，也沒人會知道。”當然，假如世界上只有幾個人，那就無所謂了。但試想要是數百萬人都對自己說：“沒關系。只有我一個。而且，不管怎樣，也沒人會知道。”那將會奢侈數百萬加侖(gallon)的水，遺忘關掉數百萬的燈，掉下數百萬塊垃圾，而全部的這些將是特別有害的。為了激勵年輕人行動起來(takeaction)愛護環境、動物和社區，“根與芽”(Roots&Shoots)誕生了。這個組織(institute)于20世紀90年頭初由珍·古道爾博士創立，在野生黑猩猩(chimpanzee)探討領域，她是世界上最聞名的專家。除了自己的科研，她始終全身心地投入環境愛護事業。“根與芽”的目的是教化年輕人，從學齡前兒童到高校生，使他們能夠為創建一個平安、與自然和平共處的將來而貢獻力氣。這個組織取名“根與芽”，取意根部在地下緩慢延長以形成堅實的(firm)基礎(foundation)，而芽看起來又小又弱，卻可以向著光明沖破磚(brick)墻的阻擋。根和芽就是你、你的摯友和世界各地(allaroundtheworld)的年輕人。成千上萬的根和芽能夠解決問題，變更世界，使其更加宜居。當你使一個哀痛的人破涕為笑，讓一只狗搖(wag)尾巴，給一株干渴的植物澆水時，你覺得自己讓世界變得更美妙了嗎？一個振作起來的人，一只歡樂的狗，一株開花的植物和你。這就是“根與芽”的全部意義：重視每一個個體的價值和重要性，不管是人、動物，還是植物。珍·古道爾博士認為，最重要的是：“每一個個體都很重要。每一個個體都有自己的角色。每一個個體都能有所作為。”你可以選擇：你想通過自己的生活，為了人類、動物和環境而讓世界變得更美妙嗎？你想讓“根與芽”植根于每個人的心中嗎？你想成為命運共同體的一員嗎？你不能缺席。正是通過這種令人激烈的方式共同行動起來，我們可以讓成百上千、甚至千百萬人參與(involve)其中，這將變更世界。——珍·古道爾Ⅰ.背短語—記堅固：依據本課內容，寫出下面漢語對應的英語短語1．除……以外(還)________________2．致力于，獻身于________________3．全世界________________4．使世界成為一個更好的地方_________