全國(guó)英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試四級(jí)（PETS4）歷年真題（五）

材料題

根據(jù)以下材料，回答1?20題

In1942,theHMSEdinburghwassunkintheBarentsSea.ltwason

its21backtoBritainwithninety-oneboxesofRussiangold.22thirty-nine

yearsitlaythere,toodeepfordiversto23.Noonewasallowedto

explodeit,either,sincethebodiesofsixtyofthecrewalsolay

inthe24.Then,in1981,anex-divercalledJessopdecidedtotryusing

newdiyingtechniques.25hecouldnotaffordtofinancethe26which

wasgoingtocostfourmillionpounds,hehadtolookforpeoplewho

were27totake

therisk.28,theywerenotevensurethegoldwasgoingtobethere!First

aScottishdivingcompany,thenaGermanshippingcompanyagreedto

joinintheretrieval29.Notlongafterthat,Jessop

30afourthcompanytotakea31.Sincethegoldwasthe32oftheBritish

andthesovietgovernments,theybothhopedtomakea33,too!The

biggestproblemwashowtoget34the

gold.Fortunately,theywereabletoexaminetheEdinburgh'ssistership,

theHMSBelfast,to35outtheexactlocationofthebombroom,36the

goldwasstored.

Theyknewitwastobeanextremelydifficultanddangerous

undertaking.toreachthegold,theywouldhavetocutalarge

square37thebodyoftheship,gothroughtheemptyfueltankanddown

to

thebombroom.Aftertwenty-eightdives,they38tofindthefirst

bar.Evervoneworked39theclock,helpingtocleanandstackthe

gold,40astofinishthejobasquick-lyaspossible.

1［單選題］

A.road

B.path

C.way

□.passage

正確答案：C

參考解析：

Croad道路;path小路，小徑;way路;passage通道,過(guò)道。這

四個(gè)詞都有道路的含義，但只有way可用于固定搭配Oilone'

swayto,表示〃在…去…的路上〃。在此句中，

OnitswaybacktoBritain意為〃在巡洋艦返回英國(guó)的路上〃，故

選C。

2［單選題］

A.During

B.For

C.At

D.Since

正確答案：B

參考解析：

B這四個(gè)介詞都可以用來(lái)表示時(shí)間，但用法卻不盡相同。during在…

期間，當(dāng)…之時(shí)，用來(lái)表示一段時(shí)間；for持續(xù)達(dá)，計(jì)，后面常跟具

體的時(shí)間段，如：forfivemonths;at在…時(shí)亥！J,通常指時(shí)間的某

一點(diǎn)，如ateighto'clock;since自從…之后，要與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連

用。根據(jù)旬意〃這艘巡洋艦三十九年以來(lái)就一直沉于海底〃可知，此

處需要一個(gè)表示時(shí)間段的介詞，且能夠與〃三十九年〃搭配，只有'

fbr符合要求，故選B。

3［單選題］

A.find

B.discover

C.dive

D.reach

正確答案：D

參考解析：

Dfind找到;discover發(fā)現(xiàn);dive潛水;reach到達(dá)。根據(jù)前文句

意可知，此處想要表達(dá)的意思是〃到達(dá)〃，

toodeepfordiverstoreach意為〃（沉船的位置）太深以至于潛水

員無(wú)法到達(dá)〃，故選D。

4［單選題］

A.wreck

B.ruin

C.relic

D.waste

正確答案：A

參考解析：

Awreck沉船,遇難船；ruin廢墟，遺跡；relic遺體，遺物;waste

荒原，荒蕪之地。根據(jù)前文可知，〃英國(guó)皇家海軍愛(ài)丁堡號(hào)〃巡洋艦

于1942年在巴倫支海沉沒(méi)，由此可推斷出該句中六十具船員的尸骸

所在的位置應(yīng)在沉船內(nèi)，故選A。

5［單選題］

A.Although

B.Unless

C.As

D.lf

正確答案：C

參考解析：

Calthough盡管，雖然;unless除mE,如果不；as由于，因?yàn)?if

如果。根據(jù)上下文〃他無(wú)法獨(dú)自承擔(dān)搜索所需的四百萬(wàn)英鎊，不得不

尋找愿意承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的人。〃可知，這里需要表示原因的連接詞，故選

Co

6［單選題］

A.research

B.operation

C.movement

D.search

正確答案：D

參考解析：

Dresearch研究，探討Operation操作；movement移動(dòng);search

搜索，探查。由全文可知，這次潛水尋找黃金是一次搜索任務(wù)，只有

search可表示〃搜索，探蟄’，符合文意，故選D。

7［單選題］

A.willing

B.luckly

C.committed

□.engaged

正確答案：A

參考解析：

Awilling愿意的；lucky幸運(yùn)的；committed忠誠(chéng)的，堅(jiān)定的；

engaged忙的從事…的。bewillingtodostll表示〃愿意做某事〃,

bewillingtotaketherisk表示〃愿意承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)"，符合文意，故

選A。

8［單選題］

A.AIIinall

B.lnaddition

C.lncase

D.Afterall

正確答案：D

參考解析：

Dallinall總之;inaddition除此之外，另夕卜；incase以防;afterall

畢竟。根據(jù)前文所述杰索普需要幫他承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的人，可推斷此處應(yīng)緊

接著解釋這個(gè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是什么，也就是〃畢竟，他們還不確定黃金是否還

在那里。，故選D。

9［單選題］

A.assignment

B.temptation

C.attempt

0.commission

正確答案：D

參考解析：

Dassignment工作，任務(wù);temptation引誘;attempt嘗試，試

圖;com-mission委任，委托。assignment與commission都可

以表示一項(xiàng)任?務(wù)，但assignment側(cè)重于表示分釀指派的任務(wù)，

而commission可以表示委托完成的任務(wù)。根據(jù)上下文,杰索普需

要說(shuō)服一些公司加入這次搜索任務(wù)，因此用〃委托〃這些公司完成任

務(wù)更為貼切,故選D。

10［單選題］

A.introduced

B.persuaded

C.associated

0.stimulated

正確答案：B

參考解析：

Bintroduce介紹;persuade說(shuō)月艮;associate聯(lián)合;stimulate激

勵(lì)。由于前文中提到這項(xiàng)任務(wù)資金不夠且有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，可以推斷出此處想

要表達(dá)的是〃勸說(shuō)，說(shuō)服〃一些公司來(lái)投資和加入搜索任務(wù)；stimu

—latesbtodosth表示〃激勵(lì)某人去做某事〃，與文意不符；其余

兩項(xiàng)的用法分別是：introducesbtosth介紹某人嘗試某物；

associatesb/sthwith把某人/某物與…聯(lián)系起來(lái)；A、C、D均不

符合文意，故選B。

11［單選題］

A.chance

B.look

C.measure

D.choice

正確答案：A

參考解析：

Achance機(jī)會(huì)；look看；measure測(cè)量，措施；choice選擇。根

據(jù)前文提示，杰森普需要尋找愿意承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的人，可以推斷出此處表

示杰森普說(shuō)服了第四家公司來(lái)承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。takeachance為固定搭配,

表示〃冒險(xiǎn)〃，等同于前文中提到的taketherisk。takealook表

示〃看一看〃；measure和choice均不與take搭配,且與文意不

符，故選A。

12［單選題］

A.business

B.estate

C.obligation

□.property

正確答案：D

參考解析：

Dbusiness生意,事務(wù);estate地產(chǎn)，貝才產(chǎn)；Obligation義務(wù)，責(zé)

任；property財(cái)產(chǎn)，資產(chǎn)。根據(jù)旬意可知，此處要表達(dá)的是這些黃

金是英國(guó)和蘇聯(lián)的財(cái)產(chǎn)。從四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的詞義可排除A,C兩項(xiàng)。estate

和property都有財(cái)產(chǎn)的意思。但property側(cè)重于指金錢上的財(cái)產(chǎn)，

如:SomeofthestolenpropertywasfoundinMason/

shouse.（在梅森的房子勤戈到了一些被盜的財(cái)物。）而estate側(cè)重于

指地產(chǎn)，如：HeownsalargeestateinScotland.（他在蘇格蘭有大

量地產(chǎn)。）根據(jù)上下文可知property較為合適,故選Do

13［單選題］

A.profit

B.benefit

C.success

0.welfare

正確答案：A

參考解析：

Aprofit益處，收益;benefit益處，；Success成功;welfare

福利。inakeaprofit表示獲利，為固定搭配。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)只有profit

可與make搭配。benefit表示獲利時(shí)，用其固定搭配benefitfrom

/by,success可用于固定搭酉己makeasuccessofsth,表示〃獲

取成功,取得成就〃，welfare常用于welfareservices表示〃福利

事業(yè)〃。本句話意思為〃這兩個(gè)國(guó)家都希望能夠從中獲利。〃故選A。

14［單選題］

A.about

B.around

C.to

D.from

正確答案：C

參考解析：

Cgetabout四處走動(dòng)，旅行;getaround勸服（某人）,應(yīng)付（某問(wèn)

題）；getto到達(dá);沒(méi)有g(shù)etfrom這個(gè)搭配。這句話要表達(dá)的意思是

〃最大的難題是如何到達(dá)黃金所在的位置。〃故選Q

15［單選題］

A.get

B.take

C.work

D.try

正確答案：C

參考解析：

Cgetout逃離^akeout取出除掉yvorkout設(shè)法弄明白Wyout

試用。根據(jù)全文可知搜索團(tuán)的任務(wù)是尋找黃金，由此可推斷出他們檢

查〃愛(ài)丁堡號(hào)〃的姐妹船〃貝爾法斯特號(hào)〃的目的是為了弄清楚黃金

儲(chǔ)藏地一彈藥房的確切位置，故選C。

16［單選題］

A.which

B.where

C.here

D.there

正確答案：B

參考解析：

B此空要堤邯艮定性定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的作用是

對(duì)所修飾的成分做進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明，通常有引導(dǎo)詞，且和主句問(wèn)用逗號(hào)隔

開(kāi)。例如：

Thesouthernstateswantedtosetupacountryoftheirown,

wheretheywouldbefreetokeepblackslaves.（南方各州要建立

一個(gè)屬于他們自己的國(guó)家，在那里他們將自由地保留黑人奴隸。）由

于前面的先行詞thebombroom表示地點(diǎn)，所以此處需要一個(gè)表示

地點(diǎn)的關(guān)系副詞where,整個(gè)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句修飾bombroom,

表示彈藥房就是黃金所在地，故選B。

17［單選題］

A.on

B.ill

C.among

D.along

正確答案：A

參考解析：

Aon在...上，in在...里面，among處在…中，along沿著??.。該旬

意思是：為了找到黃金，他們需要在船身上切割一個(gè)大的正方形，故

選A。

18［單選題］

A.managed

B.achieved

C.succeeded

0.fulfilled

正確答案：A

參考解析：

Amanage處理事務(wù)，設(shè)法做到;achieve獲得succeed成功fulfill

實(shí)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)句意可知，經(jīng)過(guò)二十八次潛水，搜索隊(duì)終于設(shè)法找到了第

一個(gè)金錠。managetodosth表示〃設(shè)法做成某事〃。其余三項(xiàng)雖

然都含有成功做成某事之意，但均不能用于此搭配，故選A。

19［單選題］

A.before

B.by

C.with

D.round

正確答案：D

參考解析：

D根據(jù)后面的finishthejobasquicklyaspossible”可知人們

想盡快完成這項(xiàng)工作，由此可推知此處想要表達(dá)的是〃抓緊時(shí)間工

作〃，workroundtheclock為固定搭配，表示〃全天候工作、沒(méi)

日沒(méi)夜地工作〃，故選D。

20［單選題］

A.that

B.much

C.far

D.so

正確答案：D

參考解析：

Dsoasto意思為〃以便，為了〃。在這里做目的狀語(yǔ)，解釋全天候

工作的原因。soastofinishthejobasquicklyaspossible,意思

是〃以便盡快完成這項(xiàng)工作。〃故選D。

材料題

根據(jù)以下材料，回答21-25題

Competitionforadmissiontothecountry'stopprivateschoolshas

alwaysbeentough,butthisyearElisabethrealizedithadreachedanew

level.Herwake-upcallcamewhenamancalledtheDaltonSchoolin

Manhattan,whereElisabethisadmissionsdirector,andinquiredabout

theagecutofffortheirkindergartenprogram.Afterprovidingthe

information,sheaskedabouttheageofhischild.Themanpausedforan

uncomfortablylongtimebeforeanswering."Well,wedon'thaveachild

yet.We'retryingtofigureoutwhento

conceiveachildsothebirthdayisnotaproblem."

WorriesarespreadingfromManhattantotherestofthecountry.Precise

currentdataonprivateschoolsareunavailable,butinterviewswith

representativesofindependentschoolsalltoldthe

samestory:anoversupplyofapplicants,higherrejectionrates."Wehave

peoplecallingusforspotstwoyearsdowntheroad,"saidMarilynofthe

SevenHillsSchoolinCincinnati."Wehave

grandparentscallingforpregnantdaughters."Publicopinionpolls

indicatethatAmericans'No.lconcerniseducation.Nowthatthelong

economicboomhasgivenparentsmoredisposable

income,manyareturningtoprivateschools,evenatpricetagsofwell

over$10,000ayear."We'regettingapplicantsfromabroaderarea

geographicallythanweeverhaveinthepast,"said

BetsyoftheLatinSchoolofChicago,whichexperienceda20percent

increaseinapplicationsthisyear.

Theproblemfortheapplicantsisthatwhiledemandhasincreased,

supplyhasnot,"Everyyear,thereareafewchildrenwhodonotfind

places,butthisyear,forthefirsttimethatIknowof,there

areasignificantnumberwithoutplaces/'saidElisabeth.

Sowhatcanparentsdotogivetheir4-year-oldanedge?Schoolsknow

thereisnoeasywaytopickaclasswhenchildrenaresoyoung.Many

schoolsgivepreferencetochildrenoftheirgraduates.Somemakethe

choicebydrawinglots.

Butmostrelyonamixofsubjectiveandobjectivemeasures:teststhatat

bestidentifydevelopmentalmaturityandcognitivepotential,interviews

withparentsandobservationofapplicants

inclassroomsettings.Theyalsowantadiverse'mix.Childrenmayendup

onawaitinglistsimplybecausetheirbirthdaysfallatthewrongtimeof

year;orbecausetoomanyapplicantswereboys.

Theworstthingapatentcandoistopressurepreschoolersto

perform-forexample,bypushingthemtoreadordomathexercises

beforethey'reready.Instead,theexpertssay,parentsshouldtakea

breathandlookforalternatives.Anotheryearinpreschool

maybeallthat'sneeded.

21［單選題］Fromthistextwelearnthatitis.

A.hardertomakeachoicebetweenpublicandprivateschools.

B.hardertogotoprivateschoolsthisyearthanbefore.

C.moredifficulttogotopublicschoolsthantoprivateschools.

D.asdifficulttogotoprivateschoolsthisyearasbefore.

正確答案：B

參考解析：

B該題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段第一句

"Competitionforadmissiontothecountry1

stopprivateschoolshasalwaysbeentough,

butthisyearElisabethrealizedithadreachedanewlevel."可

知，進(jìn)入國(guó)家的頂級(jí)私立學(xué)校的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)一直以來(lái)都很激烈，但是今年伊

麗莎白發(fā)現(xiàn)這種競(jìng)爭(zhēng)達(dá)到了一個(gè)新的水平。由此可知，今年想進(jìn)入私

立學(xué)校比往年更加困難，而不是跟往年一樣困難，故選B。

22［單選題］Thesentence“Wehavepeople...downtheroad"

(Line4,Paragraph2)probablymeans

A.wehavepeoplecallingUSforparkingspacetwoyearsaheadoftime.

B.peoplecalledUSforpermissiontousetheplacestwoyearsa90.

C.wereceivedcallsfrompeopledowntheroadtwoyearsa90.

0.peoplecalledUSforschoolvacanciestwoyearsinadvance.

正確答案：D

參考解析：

D該題為釋義題。根據(jù)后一句

“Wehavegrandparentscallingforpregnantdaughters//可知，

有些家長(zhǎng)會(huì)提前向私立學(xué)校咨詢孩子入學(xué)的事情。因此可以推知

“WehavepeoplecallingUSforspotstwoyearsdowntheroa

d"意為〃有人提前兩年就打電話咨詢學(xué)校是否會(huì)有名額。，故選

D。

23［單選題］Thetextindicatesthatprivateschoolsarevery

selectivebecausethey

A.havenoreliablemethodstopickstudentsforaclass.

B.wantagoodmixtureofboysandgirlsforclasses.

C.encountermoredemandthantheycancopewith.

0.prefertoenrollchildrenoftheirrelatives.

正確答案：C

參考解析：

C該題為推理題。根據(jù)第三段

“Theproblemfortheapplicantsisthatwhiledemandhasinc

reased,supplyhasnot."可知申請(qǐng)私立學(xué)校的人數(shù)在增加，但私

立學(xué)校的招生名額卻沒(méi)有增加。接著第四段詳細(xì)講了一些私立學(xué)校如

何選擇學(xué)生。由此可推斷，私立學(xué)校對(duì)學(xué)生如此精挑細(xì)選的原因在于

有太多的學(xué)生申請(qǐng)，他們不得不通過(guò)各種方法來(lái)選擇學(xué)生。選項(xiàng)A

與文章的意思有所出入，第四段第二句

“Schoolsknowthereisnoeasywaytopickaclasswhenchild

renares。young."可知學(xué)校認(rèn)為選擇學(xué)生沒(méi)有簡(jiǎn)單的方法，并不

是如A項(xiàng)所表示的選擇的方法不可靠。選項(xiàng)8是某些學(xué)校選擇生源

的方法，即男女比例協(xié)調(diào)，由此可知A、B兩項(xiàng)不能作為學(xué)校精心選

擇學(xué)生的原因。選項(xiàng)D在文中沒(méi)有提及，故選C。

24［單選題］Fromthetext,wecaninferthattheauthor

A.favorstheideaofputtingchildrenonawaitinglist.

B.agreestotestpreschooler'scognitivepotentials.

C.thinkschildrenshouldbebetterpreparedacademically

0.disapprovesoftheunduepressureonpreschoolers.

正確答案：D

參考解析：

D該題為態(tài)度題。由最后一段的第一句

“Theworstthingaparentcalldoistopressurepreschoolers

toperform—forexample.bypushingthemtoreadordomath

exercisesbeforethey'reready/7可知作者認(rèn)為強(qiáng)迫學(xué)齡前兒童

學(xué)習(xí)是父母做的最糟糕的事。由此可推斷出作者反對(duì)給學(xué)齡前兒童過(guò)

度的壓力，故選D。

25［單選題］WhichofthefollowingCanserveasatitleofthis

text?

A.HardTimeforthePreschoolers

B.ProsperityofPrivateSchools

C.TheProblemforPublicSchools

D.Americans'sNO1Concern

正確答案：A

參考解析：

A該題為主旨題。全文主要講述兒童進(jìn)入頂級(jí)私立學(xué)校困難，名額少,

學(xué)校篩選過(guò)程謹(jǐn)慎，許多父母都在提早為學(xué)齡前孩子做準(zhǔn)備。選項(xiàng)A

〃學(xué)齡前兒童的艱難時(shí)代〃符合文意選項(xiàng)B〃私立學(xué)校的繁榮興旺〃，

只是涉及文章的部分內(nèi)容，文章主旨圍繞的是學(xué)生申請(qǐng)私立學(xué)校困難

這一現(xiàn)象，而不是私立翔本身；選項(xiàng)C〃公立學(xué)校的難題"，而文

中并沒(méi)有提到；選項(xiàng)D〃美國(guó)人最關(guān)注的問(wèn)題〃即教育，涉及教育方

面的內(nèi)容有很多，本文談?wù)摰膬H僅是其中一方面，該說(shuō)法過(guò)于寬泛,

B.C.D均不符合文意，故選A。

材料題

根據(jù)以下材料，回答26-30題

WilliamShakespearedescribedoldageas"secondchildishness"-no

teeth,noeyes,notaste.Inthecaseoftastehemay,musicallyspeaking,

havebeenmoreperceptivethanherealised.ApaperinNeurologyby

GiovanniFrisoniandhiscolleaguesattheNationalCentreforResearch

andCareofAlzheimers'sDiseaseinItaly,showsthatfrontotemporal

dementiacanaffectmusicaldesiresinwaysthatsuggestaregression,if

nottoinfancy,thenatleasttoapatient'steens.

Frontotemporaldementia,adiseaseusuallyfoundwitholdpeople,is

caused,asitsnamesuggests,bydamagetothefrontandsidesofthe

brain.Theseregionsareconcernedwithspeech,andwithsuch"higher"

functionsasabstractthinkingandjudgment.

TwoofsuchpatientsintriguedDrFrisoni.Onewasa68-year-oldlawyer;

theothera73-year-oldhousewife.Bothhadundamagedmemories,but

displayedthesortsofdefectassociatedwithfrontotemporaldementiaa

diagnosisthatwasconfmnedbybrainscanning.

Abouttwoyearsafterhewasfirstdiagnosed,thelawyer,onceaclassical

musicloverwhoreferredtopopmusicas"merenoise",startedlistening

totheItalianpopband"883".Ashiscom-mandoflanguageandhis

emotionalattachmentstofriendsandfamilydeteriorated,hecontinued

tolistentothebandatfullvolumeformanyhoursaday.Thehousewife

hadnotevenhadthelawyer'sloveofclassicalmusic,havingnever

enjoyedmusicofanysortinthepast.Butaboutayearafterherdiagnosis

shebecameveryinterestedinthesongsthather11-year-oldgrand

daughterwaslisteningto.

Thiskindofchangeinmusicaltastewasnotseeninanyofthe

Alzheimer'spatients,andthusappearstobespecifictothosewith

frontotemporaldementia.Andotherstudieshaveremarkedonhow

frontotemporal-dementiapatientssometimesgainnewtalents.Five

suffererswhodevelopedartisticabilitiesareknown.Andinanothercase,

onewomanwiththediseasesuddenlystartedcom-posingandsinging

countryandwesternsongs.

DrFrisonispeculatesthattheillnessiscausingpeopletodevelopanew

attitudetowardsnovelexperiences,Previousstudiesofnovelty-seeking

behavioursuggestthatitismanagedbythebrain'sfightfrontallobe.A

predominanceoftherightovertheleftfrontallobe,causedbydamage

tothelatter,mightthusleadtoaquestfornewexperience.Alternatively,

thedamagemayhaveaffectedsomespecificnervoussystemthatis

neededtoappreciatecertainkindsofmusic.Whetherthatisagainora

lossisadifferentmatter.AsDrFrisoniputsitinhisarticle,thereisno

accountingfortaste.

26［單選題］ThewriterquotesShakespearemainlyto

A.praisethekeenperceptionofthegreatEnglishwriter.

B.supportDr.Frisoni/stheoryaboutadisease.

C.startthediscussiononabraindisease.

D.showthelonghistoryofthedisease.

正確答案：C

參考解析：

C該題為細(xì)節(jié)加推理題。第一段第一句話莎士比亞把老年階段比做

〃第二次孩子氣〃——沒(méi)有牙，視力差，失去味覺(jué)。接著整篇文章談

論了一種跟音樂(lè)品味有關(guān)的大腦疾病——額潁癡呆癥。由此可知，作

者引用莎士比亞的一句話只是為了引出后文，即

,故選

startdiscussiononabraindiseaseCo

27［單選題］Theword“regression"intheIstparagraphisbest

replacedby

A.backwardmovement.

B.unconlledincfination.

C.rapidadvancement.

□.unexpectedrestoration.

正確答案：A

參考解析：

A該題為釋義題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句〃…ifnottoinfancy,

thenatleasttoapatientsteens."可知額題癡呆癥可以在某種程

度上引起音樂(lè)品味的退化，即便不是退到嬰兒期，也至少會(huì)退到病人

十幾歲時(shí)，故選A。

28［單選題］Aftercontractingfrontotemporaldementia.the

68-year-oldlawyer

A.becamemoredependentonhisfamily.

B.grewfondofclassicalmusic.

C.recoveredfromlanguageincompetence.

D.enjoyedloudItalianpopularmusic.

正確答案：D

參考解析：

D該題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段第一句

“AbouttwoyearsafterheWasfirstdiagnosed,thelawyerz

onceaclassicalmusicloverwhore—ferredtopopmusicas

"merenoise'startedlisteningtotheItalianpoPband'883'

以及第二句〃…

hecontinuedtolistentothebandatfullvolumeformanyho

ursaday."可知，在這位68歲的律師患有額題癡呆癥后，本來(lái)只

熱愛(ài)古典音樂(lè)而把流行音樂(lè)比作〃純粹噪音〃的他開(kāi)始聽(tīng)意大利流行

樂(lè)隊(duì)”883〃的歌，而且把音量放到最大，每天持續(xù)聽(tīng)數(shù)小時(shí)，可知

他享受意大利流行音樂(lè)，故選D。

29［單選題］Frontotemporaldementiaisadisease

A.identifiedwithlossofmemory.

B.causingdamagetocertainpartsofthebrain.

C.whosepatientsmaydevelopnewtalents.

D.whosesymptomsaresimilartothoseofAlzheimer'spatients.

正確答案：C

參考解析：

C該題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段第三句

“Bothhadundamagedmemories,

butdisplayedthesortsofdefect..71可知額題癡呆癥患者的記憶

都沒(méi)有受損，選項(xiàng)A不符合文意；根據(jù)第二段第一句

"Tronto-temporaldementia,adiseaseusuallyfound.

witholdpeople,iscaused,asitsnamesuggests,

bydamagetothefrontandsidesofthebrain.”可知，額題癡呆

癥是由大腦前部和側(cè)面的損壞引起的，而選項(xiàng)B.表達(dá)的意思是額題癡

呆癥會(huì)引起大腦某些部分的損毀，與文章原意因果顛倒；根據(jù)第五段

第一句

“ThiskindofchangeinmusicaltasteWasnotseeninanyoft

heAlzheimer*spatients,

andthusappearstobespecifictothosewithfrontotemporai

dementia."可知，阿爾茨海默氏病患并沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)這種音樂(lè)品味的變

化，僅僅是那些患有額顆癡呆的病患有這樣的癥狀，選項(xiàng)D所述額

顆癡呆的癥狀與阿爾茨海默氏病癥狀相似的說(shuō)法是錯(cuò)誤的；根據(jù)第五

段第二句

“Andotherstudieshaveremarkedonhowfrontotemporal-d

e-mentiapatientssometimesgainnewmlents/可知,有研究

表明額潁癡呆癥有可能使患者獲得新的才能，故選

co

30［單選題］DrFrisoniattributedthepatients'changingmusic

tasteto

A.man'sdesiretoseeknovelexpefience.

B.thedamagetotheleftpartofthebrain.

C.theshiftofpredominancefromthefightlobetotheleft.

D.theweakeningofsomepartofthenervoussystem.

正確答案：D

參考解析：

D該題為細(xì)節(jié)題。該題可使用排除法。根據(jù)最后一段第三句和第四句

〃Apredominanceoftherightovertheleftfrontallobe,

causedbydamagetothelatter,

mightthusleadtoaquestfornewexperience.Alternatively,

thedamagemayhaveaffectedsomespecificnervoussystemt

hatisneededtoappreciatecertainkindsofmusic.〃可知由于左

側(cè)額葉的損傷，右側(cè)額葉會(huì)占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位，這樣導(dǎo)致了病患對(duì)新體驗(yàn)

的追求。或者，左側(cè)額葉的損傷可能會(huì)影響到一些控制音樂(lè)品味的特

定的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)。所以，作者將病患音樂(lè)品味的變化歸結(jié)為左側(cè)額葉受

損所導(dǎo)致一些控制音樂(lè)品味的特定神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的損壞。選項(xiàng)A〃人們

追求新體驗(yàn)的渴望〃并不是患者音樂(lè)品味變化的原因；選項(xiàng)B將原因

歸結(jié)為大腦左半邊的損壞，與文章中所述左側(cè)額葉受損不符；選項(xiàng)C

將原因歸結(jié)為占主導(dǎo)地位的由右側(cè)額葉轉(zhuǎn)為左側(cè)額葉,與文中提到的

因左側(cè)額葉受損，而右側(cè)額葉占主導(dǎo)地位不符，A、B、C三項(xiàng)均不

符合文意，故選D。

材料題

根據(jù)以下材料，回答31-35題

Who'stoblame?Thetrailofresponsibilitygoesbeyondpoor

maintenanceofBritishrailways,sayindustrycritics.Stingygovernments

bothLaborandtoryhavecutdownoninvestmentsintrainsandrails.In

themid-1990saConservativegovernmentpushedthroughthesaleof

theentiresubsidy-guzzlingrailnetwork.Operatingfranchiseswere

parceledoutamongprivatecompaniesandaseparatefirm,Railtrack,

wasawardedownershipofthetracksandstations.Inthefuture,

thetheoryranbackthen,theprivatesectorcouldpayforany

improvementswithalittlehelpfromthestateandtaketheblameforany

failings.

todaysurveysshowthattravelersbelieveprivatizationisoneofthe

reasonsfortherailways'sfailures.Theyaskwhetherthepursuitofprofits

iscompatiblewithguaranteeingsafety.Worse,splittingthenetwork

betweencompanieshasmadecoordinationnearlyimpossible."The

railwaywastornapartatprivatizationandthestructurethatwasputin

placewas..,designed,ifwearehonest,tomaximizetheproceedstothe

Treasury,"saidRailtrackbossGeraldCorbettbeforeresigninglastmonth

inthewakeoftheHatfieldcrash.

Generally,thecontrastswithmainlandEuropearestark.Overthepast

fewdecadestheGermans,FrenchandItalianshaveinvested50percent

morethantheBritishintransportationinfrastructure.Asaresult,aweb

ofhigh-speedtrainsnowcrisscrosstheContinent,fundedby

governmentswiltingtocommitstatefundstomajorcapital

p.rojects.Spainiscurrentlyplanning1,000milesofnewhigh-speed

track.InFrancesuperfasttrainsalreadyshuttlebetweenallmajorcities,

oftenondedicatedlines.AndinBritain?WhentheEurostartrainsthat

linkParis,LondonandBrusselsemergefromtheChannelTunnelonto

Britishsoilandjointhecrowdedlocalnetwork,theymustslowdown

froml86mphtoamaximumof100mph-andtheyusuallyhavetogo

evenslower.

Foronce,thegovernmentististening.Afterall,commutersarevoters,

too.Inapre-votespendingspree,thegovernmenthascommitteditseffto

hugeinvestmentintransportation,aswellaseducationandthepublic

healthservice.Overthenext10years,therailwaysshouldgetan

extra~60billion,partlythroughhighersubsidiestotheprivate

companies.AsBlairackoowledgedlastmonth,''Britainhasbeen

underinvestedinandinvestmentiscentraltoBritain'sfuture."You

don'thavetotellthe3millionpassengerswhousetherailwaysevery

day.LastweektrainstoDarlingtonwereanhourlate-andcrawlingat

LocomotionNo.lspeeds.

31［單選題］Inthefirstparagraph,theauthortriesto

A.tracethetragedytoitsdefectiveorigin.

B.remindpeopleofBritain'sgloriouspast.

C.explainthefailureofBritain'srailnetwork.

D.callforimpartialityinassessingthesituation.

正確答案：C

參考解析：

C該題為細(xì)節(jié)題。在第一段中，作者回顧了英國(guó)鐵路的現(xiàn)狀產(chǎn)生的根

源,即鐵路的私有化。根據(jù)第一段第一、二句"Whoistoblame?

ThetrailofresponsibilitygoesbeyondpoormaintenanceofB

ritishrailways,sayindustrycritics."可知，英國(guó)鐵路系統(tǒng)不健全,

鐵路速度慢的原因不只在于英國(guó)鐵路的養(yǎng)護(hù)不善。下文對(duì)其原因作出

了具體的解釋，故選C。

32［單選題］Travelersnowbetievethattherootcausefor

failuresofBritishrailwayis

A.itsstructuraldesign.

B.thepursuitofprofit.

C.itsinefficientnetwork.

D.thelackofsafetyguarantees.

正確答案：B

參考解析：

B該題為細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第二段分析了英國(guó)鐵路失敗的原因。根據(jù)第二

段第二句："Theyaskwhetherthepursuitofprofitsiscompati

一blewithguaranteeingsafety."以及第二段最后一句

“TherailwayWastorn印

artatprivatizationandthestructurethatwasputinplacewas.

..designed,ifwearehonest,

tomaximizetheproceedstotheTreasury..//可知，英國(guó)國(guó)家為

了追求財(cái)政的擴(kuò)大，而縮減了鐵路上的補(bǔ)貼，為了金錢利益而忽略了

鐵路安全保障。所以乘客認(rèn)為鐵路失敗的根本原因在于利益的追求。

故選B。

33［單選題］AccordingtoGeraldCorbett,Britishrailwayis

structured

A.forthebenefitofcommuters.

B.totheadvantageofthegovernment.

C.fortheeffectofbettercoordination.

D.asareplacementoftheprivatesystem.

正確答案：B

參考解析：

B該題為細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第二段最后一句提到杰拉爾彳惠科貝特說(shuō)的話

“Therailwaywastornapartatprivatizationandthestructure

thatWasputinplacewas...designedjfwearehonest,tomaxi

—mizetheproceedstotheTreasury../",意思是〃鐵路系統(tǒng)因

為私有化而四分五裂，老實(shí)說(shuō)，鐵路結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)是基于最大化地增加

財(cái)政收入〃，由此可知杰拉爾彳惠科貝特認(rèn)為英國(guó)的鐵路結(jié)構(gòu)是建立

在政府受益的基礎(chǔ)之上的。故選B。

34［單選題］ComparingBritishrailwaywiththoseofEurope,

theauthorthinks

A.trainsinBritaincanranat100mphatleast.

B.Britainshouldbuildmoreexpresslines.

C.railsinBritainneedfurtherprivafization.

□.BritishrailwayisIe代alongwaybehind.

正確答案：D

參考解析：

D該題為細(xì)節(jié)題。第三段第一句"Generally,

thecontrastswillmainlandEuropearestark."通常,英國(guó)鐵路

與歐洲大陸鐵路的對(duì)比很明顯。說(shuō)明作者認(rèn)為英國(guó)鐵路和歐洲相比還

差很多。選項(xiàng)A和B并不是作者的態(tài)度，選項(xiàng)C與作者態(tài)度相反，

作者一直講鐵路私有化導(dǎo)致了現(xiàn)在英國(guó)鐵路的失敗，所以不可能需要

進(jìn)一步的私有化。故選D。

35［單選題］WhatdoestheauthorthinkofBlair's

acknowledgement?

A.lt'stoolatetoimprovethesituationquicklyenough.

B.ltsawelcomeddeclarationofcommitment.

C.BIairshouldpreachittoothertravelers.

D.EmptywordsCan'tsolvetheproblem.

正確答案：D

參考解析：

D該題為細(xì)節(jié)題。最后一段倒數(shù)第三句，布萊爾說(shuō)：〃英國(guó)投資不足，

而投資是英國(guó)未來(lái)的關(guān)鍵。〃最后一段的最后兩句表明了作者對(duì)布萊

爾所說(shuō)話的態(tài)度，〃Youdorf

thavetotellthe3milhonpassen-gerswhousetherailwayse

veryday.LastweektrainstoDarlingtonwereanhourlate-and

crawlingatLocomotionN0.1speeds//意思是：〃你不必把這些

話告訴三百萬(wàn)每天坐火車的乘客。上周，去達(dá)靈頓的火車晚點(diǎn)了一個(gè)

小時(shí)以火車第一速度’緩慢爬行。〃因此，作者認(rèn)為布萊爾只是說(shuō)空

話、喊口號(hào)解決不了問(wèn)題，故選D。

材料題

根據(jù)以下材料，回答36-40題

NomanhasbeenmoreharshlyjudgedthanMachiavelli,especiallyinthe

twocenturiesfollow-inghisdeath.Buthehassincefoundmanyable

championsandthetidehasturned.Theprincehasbeentermedamanual

fortyrants,theeffectofwhichhasbeenmostharmful.But

wereMachiavelli'sdoctrinesreallynew?Didhediscoverthem?He

merelyhadthefranknessandcour-agetowritedownwhateverybody

wasthinkingandwhateverybodyknew.Hemerelygivesus

theimpressionshehadreceivedfromalongandintimateintercourse

withprincesandtheaffairsofstate.ltwasLordBaconwhosaidthat

Machiavellitellsuswhatprincesdo,notwhattheyoughttodo.When

MachiavellitakesCaesarBorgiaasamodel,hedoesnotpraisehimasa

heroatallzbutmerelyasaprincewhowascapableofattainingtheend

inview.Thelifeofthestatewastheprima-ryobject.ltmustbe

maintained.AndMachiavellihaslaiddowntheprinciples,baseduponhis

stud-yandwideexperience,bywhichthismaybeaccomplished.He

wrotefromtheview-pointofthepolitician-notofthemoralist.Whatis

goodpoliticsmaybebadmorals,andinfact,byastrangefatality,where

moralsandpoliticsclash,thelattergenerallygetstheupperhand.And

willanyonecontendthattheprinciplessetforthbyMachiavelliinhis

PrinceorhisDiscourseshaveentirelyper-ishedfromtheearth?Has

diplomacybeenentirelystrippedoffraudandduplicity?Letanyone

readthefamouseighteenthchapterofThePrince:"lnwhatManner

PrincesshouldKeeptheirFaith,"andhewillbeconvincedthatwhatwas

truenearlyfourhundredyearsago,isquiteastruetoday.Ofthe

remainingworksofMachiavellithemostimportantistheHistoryof

Florencewrittenbetween1521and1525,anddedicatedto.Clement

團(tuán).ThisbookismerelyarapidreviewoftheMiddle

Ages,andaspartofitthehistoryofFlorence.Machiavelli'smethodhas

beencriticizedforadheringattimestoocloselytothechroniclersofhis

time,andatothersrejectingtheirtestimonywithoutapparentreason,

whileinitsdetailstheauthorityofhisHistoryisoftenquestionable.ltis

thestraightfor-ward,logicalnarrative,whichalwaysholdstheinterestof

thereader,thatisthegreatestcharmoftheHistory.

36［單選題］Itcallbeinferredfromthebeginningofthetext

that

A.manypeopleusedtothinkhighlyofMachiavelli.

B.Machiavellihadbeenveryinfluentialamongtherulers.

C.Machiavelliwaswidelyreadamonghiscontemporaries.

D.lMachiavellihasbeenatargetof.Criticismthroughouthistory.

正確答案：D

參考解析：