PAGEPAGE1課時作業(yè)21GreatscientistsⅠ.閱讀理解A(河南八市聯(lián)考)Manyoftheworld'smostwell-knownpeoplewereoncesuccessfulfailures.Herearethestoriesofafewofthem.AbrahamLincoln(1809—1865)AbrahamLincolnwasoneofAmerica'sgreatestleaders,takingthecountrythroughtheCivilWar(from1860to1865).However,hislifewasnevereasy.Hestartednumerousbusinessesthatfailed.Hewentbankrupttwice,andwasdefeatedin26campaignsforpublicoffice.Helatersaid,“Mygreatconcernisnotwhetheryouhavefailed,butwhetheryouarecontentwithyourfailure.”VincentVanGogh(1853—1890)VanGoghisoneofthemostfamousandinfluentialpaintersinthehistoryofWesternArt.He'srenownedforpaintingssuchasTheStarryNight,ThePotatoEatersandSunflowers.However,duringhislifetime,VanGoghsoldonlyonepaintingforaverysmallamountofmoney.Despitethis,hecarriedonpainting,sometimesevengoingwithoutfoodsohecouldcompletehiscollectionofover800knownworks.AlbertEinstein(1879—1955)AlbertEinsteinwontheNoblePrizeinPhysicsin1921.However,hewasn'talwaysconsideredasa“genius”.Hedidn'tspeakuntilhewasfour,andcouldn'treaduntilhewasseven.Histeachersandparentsthoughthewasslow,sohewasexpelledfromschoolandcouldn'tgetintotheZurichStephenKing(born1947)StephenKingisoneofthebest-sellingauthorsofalltime,buthisfirstbook,Carrie,wasrejectedbyabout30publishers.Eventually,Stephenthrewitinthebin,buthiswifefisheditoutandencouragedhimtoresubmitit,whichhedidsuccessfullythistime!這篇文章主要講了世界上的很多人在勝利之前都遭受了失敗，并且為我們列舉了幾個特別出名的人物的例子。1．WhichstatementistrueaboutAbrahamLincoln?A．HeledtheAmericanWarofIndependence.B．Heneversucceededinhisbusiness.C．Hewasfullofcourageandperseverance.D．HeisthegreatestpresidentoftheUnitedStates.答案：C解析：推理推斷題。由其次段中的However,hislifewasnevereasy.Hestartednumerousbusinessesthatfailed.Hewentbankrupttwice,andwasdefeatedin26campaignsforpublicoffice.Helatersaid,“Mygreatconcernisnotwhetheryouhavefailed,butwhetheryouarecontentwithyourfailure.”可推斷出亞伯拉罕·林肯充溢志氣，堅持不懈，選C。2．Whobecamefamousallovertheworldafterhisdeath?A．AbrahamLincoln. B．VincentVanGogh.C．AlbertEinstein. D．StephenKing.答案：B解析：推理推斷題。由第三段中的However,duringhislifetime,VanGoghsoldonlyonepaintingforaverysmallamountofmoney...hecouldcompletehiscollectionofover800knownworks.可推斷出梵高是在去世之后，才著名于全世界的。3．WhatwasthemostlikelyreasonforAlbertEinstein'sdroppingoutofschool?A．Hewastooslowtolearn.B．Hecouldn'tspeakorread.C．Histeacherthoughthewasstupid.D．Hedidn'tobeytheschoolrules.答案：C解析：推理推斷題。由倒數(shù)其次段中的Histeachersandparentsthoughthewasslow,sohewasexpelledfromschoolandcouldn'tgetintotheZurichPolytechnicSchool.可推斷出愛因斯坦被退學，最可能的緣由就是老師認為他很笨。4．Whatdothepeopleinthepassagehaveincommon?A．TheyareallAmericans.B．Theyareknownfortheirwritings.C．Theywereborninthesamecentury.D．Theyallsufferedfailurebeforetheysucceeded.答案：D解析：推理推斷題。由第一段中的Manyoftheworld'smostwell-knownpeoplewereoncesuccessfulfailures.Herearethestoriesofafewofthem.可推斷出這些人們的共同之處在于他們在勝利之前都遭受了失敗。B(福建師大附中模擬考試)In2013aloneatleast20,000Africanelephantswerekilledfortheirteeth.InSouthAfricaoverthelasttwoyearsmorethan2,200rhinoswerekilledfortheirhorns.Thesenumbersarealarming,becausecurrentratesofillegalhuntingarefasterthanbirthrates,whichcouldleadtoextinctionoftheseecologicallyimportantcreaturesintheenvironment.Indeed,someelephantandrhinopopulationsareontracktobelocallyextinctwithinthenextdecade.Ifyouarereadingthis,youmayalreadybeawareofthesefacts.Butyoumightnotknowthatwildlifetrafficking(非法交易)notonlythreatenstheexistenceofelephantsandrhinosbutisalsoleadingtoextinctionofotherspecies,suchastigers,tortoises,seaturtles,andtheworld'smosttraffickedmammal(哺乳動物)—pangolins.Pangolinsaretheonlymammalsthatareentirelycoveredintoughscales(鱗),whichmakesthemlookverystrong.Butactuallytheyareendangeredmammals.Thereareeightdifferentspeciesofpangolins,fourinAsiaandfourinAfrica,andallarethreatenedwithextinction.Althoughpangolinsareprotectedthroughoutmostofthecountrieswheretheylive,highdemandinEastAsia,wherethedeliciouspangolinmeatisconsideredadelicacyandwheretheirscalesareusedintraditionalmedicines,isdrivinganillegaltradeinbothliveanimalsandpangolinparts.Thenumberofpangolintraffickingisshocking.Expertsbelievethatoverthelast10yearsmorethan1millionpangolinsweretakenfromthewild.Itisestimatedthatbetween40,000and81,250pangolinswerekilledfortheillegaltradein2013alone.InFebruary,theUnitedStatesreleasedaplantodealwithwildlifetrafficking,whichlaysoutthestepswewilltaketofighttheillegaltradeinwildlife,includingpangolins.Wearestrengtheningthecarryingoutoftheplan:buildinginternationalcooperationandmakingcontributionstoprotectingwildlifeandraisingawarenesstodrivedownthedemandthatisfuellingtheillegaltrade.GetinvolvedandrememberWorldWildlifeDay(March3)byspreadingtheplan.Usesocialmediaandtelleveryonethatnowitistimetogetseriousaboutwildlifecrimeandendthedemandthatthreatensspecies,bigandsmall,fromthehugeelephanttotheshypangolin.由于人們的獵殺，一些物種面臨滅亡。本文號召人們行動起來，愛護瀕危物種。5．Howmanyendangeredcreaturesarementionedinthepassage?A．4.B．5.C．6.D．7.答案：C解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一、二段可知，文章提到了大象、犀牛、老虎、陸龜、海龜、穿山甲六種面臨滅亡的動物，即C項正確。6．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtoParagraph3?A．Eightspeciesofpangolinsliveonthesamecontinent.B．Pangolinsarenotprotectedinmostoftheirnaturalhabitats.C．Thescalesofpangolinscanbeusedasaningredientforcooking.D．HighdemandcontributestotheillegaltradeofpangolinsinEastAsia.答案：D解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段中的“...highdemandinEastAsia...isdrivinganillegaltradeinbothliveanimalsandpangolinparts.”可知，高需求導(dǎo)致了東亞穿山甲非法交易的發(fā)生，即D項正確。7．WhatcanweknowabouttheplanreleasedbytheUS?A．SocialmediawillbeusedtospreadWorldWildlifeDay.B．Whethertheplanwillbeworkedoutremainstobeseen.C．TheUSwillworktogetherwithothercountriestoprotectwildlife.D．Moreandmorepeopleareadvisedtoincreasetheirneedsofpangolins.答案：C解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章倒數(shù)其次段其次句可知，美國將聯(lián)合其他國家愛護野生動物，即C項正確。8．Whatistheauthor'sintentionofwritingthepassage?A．ToinformussomethingaboutWorldWildlifeDay.B．Toraiseawarenessofprotectingendangeredwildlife.C．ToexplainwhypangolinsareillegallytradedinEastAsia.D．ToshowhowtheUnitedStatesistofighttheillegaltradeinwildlife.答案：B解析：寫作意圖題。依據(jù)文章最終一段的內(nèi)容可知，作者寫這篇文章的目的是增加人們愛護瀕危物種的意識，即B項正確。Ⅱ.完形填空(2024·吉林榆樹第一高級中學檢測)WhileIwaswatchingTVtheothernightwithmywife,acommercialforanewfabricsoftener(織物柔順劑)cameon.YouknowtheoneI'm__1__，thethingyouputinyourdryerinsteadofaddingadryersheet(除靜電布)．__2__speaking,Ihavelittle__3__insuchaproduct,butitisbeing__4__asabigtimesaverthatwill__5__peopletodotheimportantthingsinlife.However,isthat__6__？Howlongdoesittaketoaddadryersheet?Twoseconds.Andwhatistheworstpossible__7__offorgettingit?Onlyalittlestatic(靜電)onyour__8__.Thecommercialmademethinkofallthe__9__andservicesinourlivesthatareconsideredas“timesavers”.Astheyearsgoby,we__10__moreandmoreofthese.However,Istillhearanincreasingnumberofpeoplecomplainingthattheydon'thaveanytime.Howisthispossible?Wehave__11__towashanddryourclothes,cookourmealsanddoahundredother__12__.Butwestillcomplainaboutbeingtoo__13__.Isitbecausewe'vecometotakethesethingsforgrantedorbecausewe'vemanagedto__14__thatsavedtimewithothertasks?Ithinkweshouldtakesomeofthesetasksback.Insteadofdrivingyourcardownthestreettothestore,__15__withthekids.Thusinsteadofa__16__trip,youcanenjoy30minutesoffamilytime.Howabout__17__theclothesonthelineinsteadofputtingtheminthedryer?Thenyouwillgiveyourself15minutesinthe__18__.Bydoingthosetasksinthisway,weendup__19__ourselvesdownandtakingback__20__.本文是一篇爭論文。很多能夠幫助我們節(jié)約時間的新產(chǎn)品出現(xiàn)了，可是我們?nèi)耘f很勞碌。那么原委怎樣才能讓我們放慢腳步呢？1．A.thinkingabout B．talkingaboutC．dealingwith D．lookingfor答案：B解析：本空后是對“我”在上一句中談到的一種新型織物柔順劑的進一步說明。2．A.Madly B．ExactlyC．Honestly D．Specifically答案：C解析：依據(jù)3空后的but可知，前后兩句構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。說實話，“我”對這樣的產(chǎn)品并不感愛好。但是，它卻被認為是一種能夠幫助高效節(jié)約時間的產(chǎn)品。3．A.interest B．patienceC．fun D．delight答案：A解析：聯(lián)系全句可知，“我”對這類商品不感愛好。4．A.admired B．rememberedC．respected D．regarded答案：D解析：聯(lián)系空后的abigtimesaver可知，這件商品被人們認為可以有效節(jié)約時間。5．A.request B．rushC．free D．call答案：C解析：它能讓人們有時間去做更重要的事。freesb.todosth.“使某人有時間做某事”。6．A.interesting B．possibleC．important D．true答案：D解析：依據(jù)本空后可知，“我”認為不用這種織物柔順劑，而只用防靜電布的話，也只須要兩秒鐘。所以，這種產(chǎn)品并不能幫助我們節(jié)約多少時間。人們的觀點好像是不正確的。7．A.goal B．reasonC．outcome D．cause答案：C解析：假如用防靜電布的話，只須要兩秒鐘的時間。假如不用，最壞的結(jié)果可能是什么呢？只不過是襯衫上帶點靜電罷