翻譯二級筆譯綜合能力閱讀分類模擬題154ReadingComprehension

AlmosteverydaythemediadiscoversanAfricanAmericancom（江南博哥）munityfightingsomeformofenvironmentalthreatfromlandfills,garbagedumps,petrochemicalplants,refineries,busdepots,andthelistgoeson.Foryears,residentswatchedhelplesslyastheircommunitiesbecamedumpinggrounds.

Butcitizensdidn'tremainsilentforlong.Localactivistshavebeenorganizingunderthemantleofenvironmentaljusticesinceasfarbackas1968.Morethanthreedecadesago,theconceptofenvironmentaljusticehadnotregisteredontheradarscreensofmanyenvironmentalorcivilrightsgroups.Butenvironmentaljusticefitssquarelyunderthecivilrightsumbrella.ItshouldnotbeforgottenthatDr.MartinLutherKingJr.wenttoMemphisonanenvironmentalandeconomicjusticemissionin1968,seekingsupportforstrikinggarbageworkerswhowereunderpaidandwhosebasicdutiesexposedthemtoenvironmentallyhazardousconditions.

In1979,alandmarkenvironmentaldiscriminationlawsuitfiledinHouston,followedbysimilarlitigationeffortsinthe1980s,ralliedactiviststostanduptocorporationsanddemandgovernmentintervention.

In1991,anewbreedofenvironmentalactivistsgatheredinWashington,D.C.,tobringnationalattentiontopollutionproblemsthreateninglow-incomeandminoritycommunities.Leadersintroducedtheconceptofenvironmentaljustice,protestingthatBlack,poorandworking-classcommunitiesoftenreceivedlessenvironmentalprotectionthanWhiteormoreaffluentcommunities.ThefirstNationalPeopleofColorEnvironmentalLeadershipSummiteffectivelybroadenedwhat"theenvironment"wasunderstoodtomean.Itexpandedthedefinitiontoincludewherewelive,work,play,worshipandgotoschool,aswellasthephysicalandnaturalworld.Intheprocess,theenvironmentaljusticemovementchangedthewayenvironmentalismispracticedintheUnitedStatesand,ultimately,worldwide.

Becausemanyissuesidentifiedattheinauguralsummitremainunaddressed,thesecondNationalPeopleofColorEnvironmentalLeadershipSummitwasconvenedinWashington,D.C.,thispastOctober.Thesecondsummitwasplannedfor500delegates;butmorethan1,400peopleattendedthefour-daygathering.

"WearepleasedthattheSummitⅡwasabletoattractarecordnumberofgrassrootsactivists,academicians,students,researchers,planners,policyanalystsandgovernmentofficials.Weprovedtotheworldthatourmovementisaliveandwell,andgrowing,"saysBeverlyWright,chairofthesummit.ThemeetingproducedtwodozenpolicypapersthatshowpowerfulenvironmentalandhealthdisparitiesbetweenpeopleofcolorandWhites.1.

InParagraph1,theword"residents"underlinedrefersto______inparticular.A.ethnicgroupsintheU.S.B.theAmericangeneralpublicC.AfricanAmericansD.theU.S.working-class正確答案：C[解析]根據文中第一段的內容“AlmosteverydaythemediadiscoversanAfricanAmericancommunityfightingsomeformofenvironmentalthreatfromlandfills,garbagedumps,petrochemicalplants,refineries,busdepots,andthelistgoeson.Foryears,residentswatchedhelplesslyastheircommunitiesbecamedumpinggrounds.”可知，第一句話中出現了anAfricanAmericancommunity，所以第二句中的residents應該指AfricanAmericans，所以C項符合題意。A項“美國的種族”，B項“美國的普通大眾”，D項“美國的工人階級”，這三項在文中第一段沒有出現相關內容。

2.

Theword"squarely"underlinedinParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto______.A.fairlyB.preciselyC.honestlyD.well正確答案：A[解析]根據文中第二段的內容“Butenvironmentaljusticefitssquarelyunderthecivilrightsumbrella”可知，但環境公正卻公平地處于民權的保護傘下。選項中的A項為“公平地，公正地”符合文意。B項“準確地”，C項“誠實地”，D項“非常好地”，這三項均不符合題意。

3.

Morethanthreedecadesago,environmentaljusticewas______.A.controversialamonglocalactivitiesB.firstproposedbyMartinLutherKingJr.C.fascinatingtothecivilrightsgroupsD.barelyrealizedbymanyenvironmentalists正確答案：C[解析]根據文中第二段的內容“Morethanthreedecadesago,theconceptofenvironmentaljusticehadnotregisteredontheradarscreensofmanyenvironmentalorcivilfightsgroups.Butenvironmentaljusticefitssquarelyunderthecivilfightsumbrella.”可知，30多年前，環境公正卻正當地躲在公民權的保護傘之下。所以C項符合題意。A項“在當地活動中是引起爭議的”，B項“是馬丁·路德·金首先提出來的”，D項“幾乎不被環境保護者意識到”，這三項和文中內容不符合。

4.

Theword"intervention"underlinedinParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto______.A.interpositionB.participationC.involvementD.management正確答案：A[解析]根據文中第三段的內容“ralliedactiviststostanduptocorporationsanddemandgovernmentintervention”可知，積極分子對抗公司，要求政府干預。選項中的A項為“干預”符合文意。B項“參加”，C項“參與”，D項“管理”，這三項均不符合題意。

5.

In1968,MartinLutherKingJr.wenttoMemphistohelpthegarbageworkers______.A.getrelievedofsomeoftheirbasicdutiesB.knowwhatenvironmentaljusticewasC.fightforbetterworkingconditionsD.recognizetheirdangeroussurroundings正確答案：C[解析]根據文中第二段的內容“Dr.MartinLutherKingJr.wenttoMemphisonanenvironmentalandeconomicjusticemissionin1968,seekingsupportforstrikinggarbageworkerswhowereunderpaidandwhosebasicdutiesexposedthemtoenvironmentallyhazardousconditions.”可知，馬丁·路德·金博士前往孟斐斯是為了給工人爭取更高的工資和好的工作環境，所以C項“力爭好的工作條件”符合題意。A項“減輕一些他們的基本工作”，B項“幫助工人了解環境公平是什么”，D項“幫助他們認識到他們危險的處境”，這三項和文意不符合。

6.

Theword"protesting"underlinedinParagraph4isclosestinmeaningto______.A.combatB.confirmC.considerD.affirm正確答案：A[解析]根據文中第四段的內容“protestingthatBlack,poorandworking-classcommunitiesoftenreceivedlessenvironmentalprotectionthanWhiteormoreaffluentcommunities”可知，抗議黑人，窮人和工薪階層受到的環境保護比白人或富人少很多。選項中的A項為“抗議，反對”符合文意。B項“確認”，C項“認為”，D項“斷言”，這三項均不符合題意。

7.

Paragraph3impliesthat,in1979,______.A.theenvironmentaljusticeissueswerefirstbroughttocourtinHoustonB.environmentalactivistscooperatedindefyingtheU.S.governmentC.thegovernmentinterventionhelpedpromoteenvironmentaljusticeD.environmentalproblemsattractedtheattentionofthegovernment正確答案：D[解析]根據文中第三段的內容“In1979,alandmarkenvironmentaldiscriminationlawsuitfiledinHouston,followedbysimilarlitigationeffortsinthe1980s,ralliedactiviststostanduptocorporationsanddemandgovernmentintervention.”可知，環境公平問題需要政府的干預，所以D項“環境問題引起了政府的關注”符合文意。A項“環境公平問題在休斯敦第一次被訴諸法律”，文中說這是一個里程碑，但是沒有說是第一次；B項“環境活動家合作一起對抗美國政府”，文中說的是與公司對抗，不是對抗政府；C項“政府的干預幫助促進了環境公平”，政府干預起到的效果文中沒有提到，所以這三項都不符合題意。

8.

Theword"grassroot"underlinedinParagraph6refersto______.A.basiclevelB.middleclassC.peasantD.worker正確答案：A[解析]根據文中第六段的內容“attractarecordnumberofgrassrootsactivists,academicians,students，”可知，吸引大量的草根積極分子，博士，學生等。選項中的A項為“底層人員”符合文意。B項“中產階級”，C項“農民”，D項“工人”，這三項均不符合題意。

9.

Thenewbreedofenvironmentalactivistsdifferedfromthepreviousactivistsinthat______.A.theynoticedenvironmentaldisparitiesbetweentherichandthepoorB.theycriedforgovernmentinterventioninsavingtheenvironmentC.theyknewwhat"theenvironment"reallymeanttotheWhitepeopleD.theypracticedenvironmentalismoutsideaswellaswithintheU.S.正確答案：D[解析]根據文中第四段的內容“Intheprocess,theenvironmentaljusticemovementchangedthewayenvironmentalismispracticedintheUnitedStatesand,ultimately,worldwide.”可知，在這個過程中，環境保護運動在全世界范圍展開，而不是局限在美國。所以D項符合題意。A項“他們注重窮人和富人之間環境差別”，B項“他們懇求政府干預，拯救環境”，C項“他們知道環境對白人真正意味著什么”，這三項都不符合題意。

10.

Withrespecttogettingenvironmentaljustice,SummitⅡwasaimedfor______.A.showingtheachievedsuccessB.attractingnationalattentionC.identifyingrelevantissuesD.findingsolutionstotheproblems正確答案：C[解析]根據文中第五段的內容“Becausemanyissuesidentifiedattheinauguralsummitremainunaddressed,thesecondNationalPeopleofColorEnvironmentalLeadershipSummitwasconvenedinWashington,D.C.,thispastOctober.”可知，第一次會議確認的很多問題沒有被公布，所以，第二次會議召開了。所以C項符合題意。A項“展示所取得的成就”，B項“吸引國家的注意”，D項“找到解決問題的方法”，這三項在文中沒有涉及相關的內容。

Theeraofdividedgovernmentbegins,inauspiciously.Willthepresidentbeabletoseethewoodforthesubpoenas?IsuspectthathoweverloyalcongressionalRepublicansappearinpublic,privatelytheyarewearyofMr.Trump'sintemperanceandunpredictability,andmaypressurehimastheshutdowndragson.

SomearguethatwhatMr.Trumpreallywantsisnotthewall,butthefightoverthewall.Afterall,ifhereallywantedhis$5bnhecouldnegotiateadealwithDemocratstogetit—perhapsbyagreeingtoprovidedreamers(undocumentedimmigrantsbroughttoAmericaaschildren)apathtocitizenship.Buthisbaseprizeshispugnacityaboveanyrealisticallyattainableconcreteachievement,andheseesattackingDemocratsasweakoncrimeandimmigrationasabetterstrategythancompromise.

"Wehavetheissue,BorderSecurity,"hecrowedonTwitter,twodaysafterChristmas.Hebelieves,notwithoutreason,thathishawkishviewsonimmigrationwonhimthepresidencyin2016,andremainhisstrongestsuit.Butthattheorywastestedin2018,whenRepublicancongressionalcandidatesaroundthecountryendedtheircampaignsbystokingfearsof,inMr.Trump'swords,"deathanddestructioncausedbypeoplewhoshouldn'tbehere."Leavingasidethefactthatimmigrantscommitcrimesatlowerratesthanthenative-born,thattacticfailed.Republicanslostmoreseatsinlastyear'smid-termsthaninanyelectionsinceWatergate.NowMs.PelosiisonceagainHouseSpeaker,andDemocratsarecommitteechairmenwithsubpoenapower.

Howtheywillusethatpowerwillquicklybecomeclear.Theyhavespentmonthspreparing.MattBennettofThirdWay,acentristDemocraticthink-tank,believesthecommitteeswill"firesubpoenaslikemachineguns...Therewillbefull-blowninvestigationsbythemiddleofJanuary."

ElijahCummings,theincomingchairoftheHouseOversightCommittee,hasalreadyrequestedinformationabout,amongotherthings,theuseofpersonalemailforgovernmentworkandpaymentstotheTrumpOrganisation.JerryNadler,whowillchairtheHouseJudiciaryCommittee,planstoholdhearingsontheadministration'sfamily-separationpolicyandRussianinterferencein2016.AdamSchiff,whowillheadtheHouseIntelligenceCommittee,wantstoinvestigateMr.Trump'sbusinessinterests.RichardNeal,whowillruntheHouseWaysandMeansCommittee,planstocompelthereleaseofMr.Trump'staxreturns.

Mr.Trump'sapprovalratingsremainstuckaround40%;unlikemostpresidents,hehasbarelytriedtoexpandhisappeal.Meanwhile,RobertMueller'sinvestigationisgrindinginexorablyforward.Thepresidentcannotaffordtolosehischeerleaders'supportnow,whichmayexplainhisrefusaltonegotiateoverthewall.Butthatneednotmeanpermanentgridlock.OnecanimagineDemocratsagreeingtomodestlyincreaseborder-securityfundingbeyond$1.6bn—enoughtoletMr.Trumpsaveface,claimvictoryandreopengovernment.Beyondthat,thepartiescouldspendthenexttwoyearsbattlingoverimmigrationwhilefindingcommongroundwheretheycan—oninfrastructure,forinstance,orprescription-drugpricing.

ForMr.Trump,personalrelationshipscansupersedepartisanpolicydisagreements.HeseemsgenuinelytorespectMs.Pelosi'stoughnessandaccomplishment.Healsoappearsfondofthecut-and-thrustwithMr.Schumer,afellowouter-boroughNewYorker.Buthispersonalisationofpoliticscutstheotherwaytoo.BillClintonwasabletoshrugoffRepublicaneffortstoimpeachhimasjustbusiness,whilekeepingfocusedonpolicygoals.Mr.Trump,afamouscounter-puncher,hasshownnosuchabilitytocompartmentalise.

(選自《經濟學人》2019年1月5日)11.

Fromthefirstparagraphwecaninferthat______.A.Mr.TrumpbelongstotheRepublicanPartyB.Mr.TrumpbelongstotheDemocraticPartyC.Mr.TrumpdragsontheshutdownD.Mr.TrumpmaypressuretheRepublicans正確答案：A[解析]推斷題。第1段第3句提到：無論共和黨人在公開場合表現得對他如何忠誠。這說明總統也是同一黨派的人，因為在美國敵對黨派往往會互相攻擊，故正確答案為A。

12.

AccordingtoParagraph2,theDemocrats______.A.objectedtothefightoverthewallB.supportedthefundforthewallC.agreedtograntdreamerscitizenshipD.refusedtonegotiateadealwithMr.Trump正確答案：C[解析]細節題。根據題干關鍵詞定位第2段第2句，可知總統可以通過同意給予夢想來到美國的移民公民身份而與民主黨達成協議，因此這正是民主黨希望的，故正確答案為C。

13.

Theword"pugnacity"underlinedinParagraph2mostprobablymeans______.A.tenacityB.aggressivenessC.willingnessD.arrogance正確答案：B[解析]語義題。pugnacity意為“好斗，好戰”，故正確答案為B(進攻性，挑釁)。

14.

Mr.Trumpbelievesthat______.A.immigrantscausedeathanddestructionintheUnitedStatesB.DemocratstakecompromiseasabetterstrategyC.immigrantscommitcrimesatlowerratesthanthenative-bornD.hewonthepresidencynotwithoutreason正確答案：A[解析]推斷題。根據選項定位第3段，仔細比對后可知A與原文符合(移民會給美國造成破壞和死亡)，這也正是總統提出修筑隔離墻的理由，故正確答案為A。

15.

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueofMs.Pelosi?______A.ShewasonceHouseSpeaker.B.Sheisatoughwoman.C.SheisamemberoftheRepublicanParty.D.Sheisawomanofgreatsuccess.正確答案：C[解析]推斷題。根據選項定位第4段和第7段，對比原文后可知，C與原文不符，因為第7段提到總統將私人關系看得比黨派政見分歧更重，而他很尊重Ms.Pelosi，說明后者與總統不是同一黨派，故正確答案為C。

16.

AccordingtoParagraph5,RichardNealwillforceMr.Trumpto______.A.returnhistaxesB.showhistaxreturnsC.gethistaxreturnsD.giveuphisreturntaxes正確答案：B[解析]細節題。根據題干關鍵詞定位第5段最后一句，此處release為“發布，公布”之意，故正確答案為B。

17.

Theword"gridlock"underlinedinParagraph6mostprobablymeans______.A.gratificationB.congestionC.impasseD.perplexity正確答案：C[解析]語義題。gridlock意為“僵局”，故正確答案為C(僵局)。

18.

TheauthorseemstobelieveitpossibleforthetwopartiestoreachagreementsonallthefollowingEXCEPT______.A.infrastructureB.prescription-drugpricingC.reopeninggovernmentD.immigration正確答案：D[解析]細節題。根據題干關鍵詞定位第6段第6句，結合第5句可知，作者認為只要民主黨在修筑隔離墻的費用上稍作讓步，總統即可接受，這樣既保留了臉面，又可重啟政府。而在今后兩年，兩黨可以繼續在移民問題上作斗爭，同時在基礎設施、處方藥定價等問題上達成共識。故正確答案為D，移民問題上暫時難以達成一致。

19.

Intheauthor'sopinion,BillClinton'sadvantagewashisabilityto______.A.keepfocusedonpolicygoalsB.shrugoffRepublicaneffortstoimpeachhimC.keepthingsapartD.takepoliticspersonal正確答案：C[解析]細節題。根據題干關鍵詞定位最后一段第5句，克林頓能夠將共和黨對他的彈劾看作僅僅是例行公事，但同時又致力于實現政策目標，即作者認為克林頓能夠將事務區別對待，這一點要勝過特朗普，故正確答案為C。

20.

Theauthor'sattitudetowardMr.Trumpisoneof______.A.indifferenceB.disappointmentC.supportD.optimism正確答案：B[解析]態度題。最后一段作者將特朗普總統與前總統比爾·克林頓做了比較，認為后者能以大局為重，而前者擅長以牙還牙，特朗普在大局觀上不如克林頓，故正確答案為B(失望)。

Zimbabwe'sbankingsectorhasbeenhitwithmassivewithdrawalsbyrisk-loathingdepositorsoverthepastfivemonths,withbankingsectorsourcesindicatingthatreportsofareturnofthedomesticcurrencyhavefurtherunsettledbankcustomers.TheZimbabwedollarwasbanishedfromcirculationin2009tostemahyperinflationarycrisisthatplungedtheeconomyintoanunprecedentedcatastrophecharacterizedbycommodityshortages.

AsourcefromonetopbanksaidsinceDecemberlastyear,mostbusinesseshavebeentransactingincashandavoidingthebankingsector.Hesaidthisislikelytohaveresultedinanoverallshrinkageindepositlevelswithinthebankingsector."IhavenotnoticedanypanicwithdrawalsasaresultofreportsofaZimbabwedollarreturn,butsinceDecember,manypeoplehavebeenpreferringcashtransactionsandavoidingbanks,"saidthesource.

TotalbankingsectordepositsamountedtoUS$473billionasatDecember31,2013,accordingtolateststatisticsfromtheReserveBankofZimbabwe(RBZ).ThiswasanincreasefromdepositlevelsofUS$384billioninJune2013.Depositshavesincetheadoptionofahardcurrencyeconomygrownslowlyduetoacombinationoffactors.Thesefactorsincludelowdepositratesbeingofferedbybanks,whichtheRBZsayshaveconspiredwithhighbankchargestomilitateagainsteffortsgearedatbroadeningthecountry'sdepositbase.

Anaccelerationofdepositwithdrawalsislikelytoworsenaliquiditycrunchinacountrydesperateforcashtoreviveaneconomybackinintensivecareafterstabilisingbrieflywhengovernmentadoptedahardcurrencyregime.Anotherbankingsectorsourcesaidliquidityinthebankingsectorwas"graduallythinning."HesuggestedthatthiscouldhavesomethingtodowithreportsoftheZimbabwedollar'sresurgence.

PanicoverthecomebackoftheZimbabwedollarwouldberegardlessofassurancesfromgovernmentthatitwouldnotbringbackthelocalcurrencyintocirculationsoon,despitealiquiditycrunchcertaintoimpedegovernmentbusinessunlessarescuepackageissecured.Anotherbankingsectorsourcesaiddepositswereplummetingduetosignificantwithdrawallevelsbythecorporatesector.21.

After2009,thedomesticcurrencyinZimbabwehas______.A.appreciatedB.depreciatedC.beendumpedD.beenintroduced正確答案：C

22.

ThedepositruninZimbabweisassociatedwith______.A.depositors'speculationonthepossiblebankruptcyofthelocalbanksB.depositors'speculationonthepossiblereturnofthelocalcurrencyC.depositors'fearofahyperinflationarycrisisD.depositors'fearofcommodityshortages正確答案：B

23.

Accordingtoasourcefromonetopbank,people'spreferenceforcashtransactionsmayhaveledto______.A.thedeclineintotalbankdepositsB.themassivewithdrawalsfromZimbabwebanksC.theadoptionofamulti-currencyregimeD.theadoptionofahardcurrencyeconomy正確答案：A

24.

Zimbabwebankssaw______indepositsinthelatterhalfof2013.A.significantgrowthB.slowgrowthC.significantdeclineD.slowdecline正確答案：B

25.

Thephrase"militateagainst"underlinedinParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto______.A.ameliorateB.deteriorateC.launchanattackagainstD.conflictwith正確答案：D

26.

Thepossibleconsequencesofadepositruncouldbe______.A.ahighinterestrateB.highbankchargesC.thecountry'sbroadeningdepositbaseD.ashortsupplyofcashresources正確答案：D

27.

Accordingtothepassage,thegovernmentofZimbabwe______.A.iscontemplatingtobringbacktheZimbabwedollarintotheeconomyB.pledgedtosticktothecurrenthardcurrencyregimeC.pledgedtoprotectgovernmentbusinessD.pledgedtolauncharescuepackage正確答案：B

28.

Thephrase"impede"underlinedinParagraph5mostprobablymeans______.A.hinderB.impactC.cooldownD.slowdown正確答案：A

29.

Thepassageindicatesthat______contributedthemosttothedramaticdropindeposits.A.individualsB.businessesC.thegovernmentD.thebanks正確答案：B

30.

WhichofthefollowingstatementCANNOTbeinferredfromthepassage?______A.Localcurrencywasrenderedworthlessbyhyper-inflationin2009.B.Theintroductionofthehardcurrencysystemin2009gaveZimbabweashortperiodofeconomicstability.C.Somedepositorswithdrewtheirmoneyduetotheterminationofthehardcurrencyregime.D.Thedeclineindepositsislikelytobetemporaryifauthoritiesprovidecredibleguaranteesofthecontinuedexistenceofthehardcurrencyregime正確答案：C

OntheInternet,adsarearealproblem.They'reaproblemforus,thepeople,andnotjustbecausetheyclutterupourWebpages,theyalsocostusmoney(inmobiledatacharges),batterylifeandtime.

Surprisingly,they'realsoaproblemforadvertisersandwebsites.Suddenlythepopularityofad-blockingsoftwarehasreachedatippingpoint.AccordingtoastudybyAdobeandPageFair(whichoffersanti-ad-blockingservices),41percentofadultsyoungerthan30usetheseblockers.Overall,ad-blockerinstallationsareup48percentinayear—andthatwasbeforeApplebeganapprovingad-blockingappsfortheiPhoneandiPadlastSeptember,markingadblockinghascometothemobileworldforthefirsttimeinahugeway.

Thethingis,mostofthosefreearticles,videosandservicesyouenjoyarebroughttoyoubytheadvertising.Ifyou'renotseeingtheads,thenthecentralfinancialtransactionoftheonlinecontenteconomycollapses.Whatthen?

Somewebsitesappealtovisitorsdirectly,askingyoutoviewtheads.LastsummerWired.com'shomepagesaid,"Pleasedousafavoranddisableyouradblocker."Othersitessimplyturnyouawayifyouhaveanadblockerinstalled.ThesitesforleadingUKbroadcastersChannel4andITVpresentadarkscreen.

Enterad-blocker-blockingtechnology—Websoftwarethattriestofooltheadblockerssothattheadsappeardespiteyourblocker.Somecompaniesthatoperateadblockersevenacceptmoneyfromlargeadvertisers,althoughtheydenygivingadsfromthosecompanies'specialtreatment.

Butthesetacticstreatthepublicastheenemy.Theycreateatechnologyarmsrace."Youwillseeourads,likeitornot!"

Advertisingexecutivesmaytellyouthatonesolutionmaybenativeadvertising:adsdressedupasarticles.They'redisplayedasactualstoriesorvideosratherthansplashyads,sotheypassthroughadblockers.Thesecanleadtosomemurkyterritory,however,blurringthelinebetweentraditionalcontentandcontentaimingtosellyousomething.

Sotechutopianslikemewonderwhytheanswerisn'tmicropayments.Youknow,insteadoflookingatads,you'reautomaticallybilledafewcentsforeacharticleyoureadorvideoyouwatch.Unfortunately,inthelate1990sandearly2000sabunchofcompaniestriedtoinventmicropaymentsystems;allofthemfailed.

Tofindoutwhy,ItrackeddowntheCEOsofsomeofthestartupswhohaveallmovedontootherendeavors."Micropaymentssoundgreatonpaper,"formerBitPassCEODouglasKnoppertoldme."Butinpractice,theyrequirefourthingsfortheconsumerthatarehardtopulloff:simplicity,ubiquity,security—andithastobefree.Theeconomicstotheretailerdon'twork,becausetherearetoomanymiddlemen—creditcardprocessors,etc.Sountilsomeonefiguresouthowtocrackthecode...micropaymentsaren'tgoingtogetanytraction."

Thetimingwaswrong,too.CharlesCohen,founderoffailedmicropaymentcompanyBeenz,toldmethattheseeffortsmostlydied"becausethedot-cornbubbleburst,andmostofthecompanieswhowereacceptingandissuingourmicrocurrencywentupinapuffofsmoke."

Somicropaymentsmayfaceanuphillbattle,buttherearen'tanyscreaminglyobviousreasonswhytheycouldn'tworknow.ItseemsWebcompanieswouldbehappytogetoutofthead-blockingarmsrace,whileWebusers,well,wewouldn'tmindpayingafewcentshereandtheretoneverencounteranotherintrusivebanneradorslow-to-loadvideoad.31.

Onlineadsareanuisanceforpeoplebecause______.A.websitesarefullofadsB.loadingadstakestimeC.theypaymoneyformakingadsD.adsslowdownnetworkspeed正確答案：B[解析]細節題。第1段第2句指出，網上廣告讓我們困擾的原因有四點，一方面廣告會把網頁弄得亂七八糟，另一方面加載廣告會因消耗移動流量而費錢(costourmoney)，損耗電池壽命(batterylife)而且浪費我們的時間(time)。故選B(加載廣告消耗時間)。注意選項A與文中提及的clutterupourWebpages表述相似，容易誤選。應辨析兩種表達的差異。根據詞典的釋義：befullof意為“containingasmuchorasmanythingsorpeopleaspossible,sothereisnospaceleft”。據此可知，A更強調網頁被廣告充滿了，已經沒有空間展示其他內容。clutterup意為“tocoverorfillaspaceorroomwithtoomanythings,sothatitlooksveryuntidy”。強調堆得亂七八糟，讓網頁頁面顯得很不整潔。言下之意，廣告影響了網頁的視覺效果，但沒有影響網頁的內容呈現。因此排除選項A。選項C試圖用paymoneyfor...吸引考生視線，與后文作者倡議的付費消除廣告混淆。

32.

WecanlearnfromParagraph2that______.A.advertisersareagainstad-blockersB.mostadultsutilizead-blockersC.ad-blockersarewelcomedbycompaniesD.therateofinstallingad-blockersisrising正確答案：D[解析]推斷題。第2段第4句明確指出廣告攔截軟件的安裝總量在一年中己然增長了48%。故選D(廣告攔截軟件的安裝率在上升)。41%的30歲以下的成年人使用這些攔截軟件，并不是大部分的成年人，故排除B。

33.

Blockingonlineadswillhaveaneffecton______.A.theavailabilityoffreeservicesB.theeconomyofthecountryC.thetransactionofbusinessesD.theinstallationofapps正確答案：C[解析]細節題。第3段第1句提到廣告