Unit4Adversityandcourage

單元語法詳解人教版新教材選擇性必修三

原創Cao

本單元重點語法

現在完成進行時◆原句再現AnexpeditiontotheSouthPolewiththegreatSirErnestShackleton–thisistheadventurethatIhavebeendreamingof.(教材P38)b.Wearenowcampedoniceandwehavebeenmanagingtosurvive,butspringiscoming,andtheicewillsoonbeginomelt.(教材P38)c.Wehavebeenstrugglingfordays,butthingsnoElephantIslandaregoingfrombadtoworse.(教材

P39)d.Thedoghasbeenbarkingforabouttwohours,andIreallyhopeitwillstopsoon.(教材

P41)◆

現在完成進行時的構成●第三人稱單數：he/she/it+hasbeen+現在分詞(doing)…●其它人稱：I/we/you/they+havebeen+現在分詞(doing)….◆直現在完成進行時的用法●表示動作發生在過去并一直持續到現在.這一動作可能剛停止，也可能繼續進行下去，常與延續性動詞連用。常帶有動作起迄時間的狀語，如：sincelastweek;since2018等或帶有由since引導的時間狀語從句；還可以是表示時間段的時間狀語.如：foranhour,forafewdays,forthesedays,請觀察以下句子a.Tomhasbeenworkinghardsincethenewtermbegan.b.Wehavebeenmakinghandcraftsfortenyears.c.Hehasbeenlivingheresince2015.d.Theyhavebeendoingtheexperimentsincelastyear.※溫馨告知：非延續性動詞,如：end,finish,leave,start,begin,come,Go,marry等不能用于現在完成進行時●表示到說話時為止的一段時間內一再重復的動作，常帶有厭惡或贊美感激等感情色彩，請觀察以下句子a.Hehasbeensayingthattwentytimes.這話他已經說了二十遍了b.Theyhavebeencallingonmeseveraltimesthisweek.他們這個星期幾次來看我c.Thescientisthasbeendoingtheexperimentmanytimesthismonth.這個月這位科學家多次做這個實驗●表示不久前剛結束的動作，這種語境通常根據上下文來判斷，請觀察以下句子Sorry!I’mlate.Howlonghaveyoubeenwaitingforme?抱歉，我來遲了.你等了多次長時間？b.hello!Atlast!Ihavebeentelephoningyouallthemorning.喂，可找著你了，我一早上都在給你打電話呢●

某些不能用于進行時的動詞同樣也不能用于現在完成進行時，只能用于完成時，這類動詞有：see,hear,know,have(有）,like,be等感官動詞和某些表示思維活動的動詞，請觀察以下句子a.Ihavebeenknowinghimformanyyears.(錯誤）Ihaveknownhimformanyyears.(正確）我認識他已經很多年了b.Theyhavebeenseeingthefilmthisweek.(錯誤)Theyhaveseenthefilmthisweek.(正確)這周他們已經看過這部電影了◆

現在完成進行時的基本形式（以動詞do為例），請觀察下表肯定式否定式一般疑問式及回答Hehasbeendongsth.Hehasn’tbeendoingsth.Hashe/she/itbeendoing?Yes,he/she/ithas.No,he/she/ithasn’tShehasbeendoingsth.Shehasn’tbeendoingsth.Ithasbeendoingsth.Ithasn’tbeendoingsth.Ihavebeendoingsth.Ihaven’tbeendoingsth.HaveI/we/you/theybeenDoingsth.?Yes,you/we/I/theyhave.No,you/we/I/theyhaven’tWehavebeendoingsth.Wehaven’tbeendoingsth.Youhavebeendoingsth.Youhaven’tbeendoingsth.Theyhavebeendoingsth.Theyhaven’tbeendoingsth.◆時現在完成時和現在完成進行時的區別●現在完成時表示曾經發生的動作對現在造成的影響或動作已經完成，而現在完成進行時則強調動作仍在繼續，請觀察以下句子a.Hehasinterviewedthefamoustabletennisplayer.他采訪了那位著名的乒乓球運動員b.Hehasbeeninterviewingthefamoustabletennisplayer.他一直在采訪那位著名的乒乓球運動員●現在完成時強調動作的最后結果，而現在完成進行時則強調動作的直接結果，請觀察以下句子Theboyhasfinishedhishomework.Hecangoouttoplay.這個男孩兒做完了作業，可以出去玩耍了Youlooktired.Whathaveyoubeendoing?你看起來很累的樣子，你一直在做什么？●

現在完成時有時可以和現在完成進行時互換,但必須時延續性動詞,如果強調動作的未完成性或持續性,多半用現在完成進行時,請觀察以下句子a.TheladyhaslivedinShanghaiforthreeyears.TheladyhasbeenlivinginShanghaiforthreeyears.b.Theforeignerhasworkedinthecompanytheseyears.Theforeignerhasbeenworkinginthecompanytheseyears.c.Hehasbeenlivingheresincehewasborn.◆

考點訓練1.--I’msureAndrewwillwinthefirstprizeinthefinal.--Ithinkso.He________foritformonths.ispreparingB.waspreparingC.hadbeenpreparingD.hasbeenpreparing2.Bythetimeherealizeshe_________intoatrap,it’llbetoolateforhimtodoanythingaboutit.A.walksB.walkedC.haswalkedD.hadwalked3.Sofarthisyearwe_______afallinhousepricesbybetween5and10percent.A.sawB.seeC.hadseenD.haveseen

DCD●從A、B、C、D.四個選項中選出最佳選項4.CathyistakingnotesofthegrammaticalrulesinclassatSunshineSchool,whereshe______Englishforayear.studiesB.studiedC.isstudyingD.hasbeenstudying5.Danny_________hardforlongtorealizehisdreamandnowheispopular.A.worksB.isworkingC.hasworkedD.hadworked6.--Ihavegotaheadache.--Nowonder.You_______infrontofthatcomputertoolong.workB.areworkingC.havebeenworkingD.workedDCC7.Theunemploymentrateinthisdistrict_______from6%to5%inthepasttwoyears.hasfallenB.hadfallenC.isfallingD.wasfalling8.Nowthatsheisoutofjob,Lucy__________goingbacktoschool，butshehasn’tdecidedyet.hadconsideredB.hasbeenconsideringC.consideredD.isgoingtoconsider9.--______you_____himaroundthemuseumyet?--Yes.Wehadagreattimethere.Have;shownB.Do;showC.Had;shownD.Did;show

ABA10.--Hi,Tracy，youlookpale.--Iamtired.I_______thelivingroomallday.paintedB.hadpaintedC.havebeenpainting