PAGETopic21經濟生活①商業、貿易(BusinessandTrade)____________['bIzn?s]257,trade,____________['k?mp?ni]169,compete,deal,manage,payment,profit,benefit,________['f??t?u?n]19,wealth,warehouse,________[s?'plaI]45,industry,setupagreement,businessman,loss,________[dI'klaIn]25,reduce,decrease,increase,found,firm,branch，chain,marketing,advertise,trademark,________[k?'m???l]21,strategy,________[pr?'d?k?n]69,brand,service,tax,import/export,bid,corporation,enterprise,__________['k?mpenseIt]5,cooperate,boom,negotiate,patent,statistics,distribute，establish,contract,invoice,invest②財務、金融(Finance)________[?'ka?nt]44,credit,debt,due,burden,share,____________[faI'n?n?l]50,interest,cutdowncapital,saving,budget,withdraw，banking,circulate,currency，deposit,tight,economictrend/crisis,globalizationcrisis,economy,fund,loan,property,stockbusiness;company;fortune;supply;decline;commercial;production;compensate;account;financialcompany①(2024·北京高考)Withthatinmind,Mooreaskedherdadifshecouldstartherowncandycompany.②(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)Now,wehaveoursmartphonestokeepuscompanyatthetable.③Acompanyoftravelersare/isexpectedtoarrivesoon.(1)依據句意寫出加黑詞的最佳釋義①Ourcompanyisundergooddirection.________②Hewillnotfeellonelywithhiscompany.________③Acompanyofactorshasjustarrived.________答案：①公司②陪伴；做伴③一群人(2)單句語法填空①Teresapostedaphotoofthechancemeetingonasocialnetworkingwebsite________(company)bythetouchingwords.②Shecameincompany________us.③Theywenttoseeafilm________company.答案：①accompanied②with③in(3)單句寫作①我們和外國游客一起參觀了博物館。Wevisitedthemuseum____________________________________.②不要與不誠懇的人打交道。Never____________________peoplewhoaredishonest.答案：①incompanywithforeigntourists②keepcompanywith(1)n.公司；商號；商行abusinessorganizationthatmakesmoneybyproducingorsellinggoodsorservices(2)n.陪伴；做伴thefactofbeingwithsb.elseandnotalone(3)n.在一起的一群人agroupofpeopletogetherdeal①(2024·北京高考)Weneedtodealwiththeinsecurenatureofourtelecomnetworks.②(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)Almosteverygreatlovestoryandeachbigbusinessdealbeginswithsmalltalk.③(2024·天津高考)Wecertainlydospendagooddealofourtimewaiting.(1)依據首字母或漢語提示填空①Ordinarysoap,usedcorrectly,can________(處理)withbacteriaeffectively.②Theynowneedtotakeintoaccounttheextentoffirms'dataassets(資產)whenassessingtheimpactof________(交易)．③It'snobigd________.Icanhelpyouout.答案：①deal②deals③deal(2)單句語法填空①Itsotherconcernsarelove,gettingonwithothers,beingpersistentandcourageousandtryingtodeal________doubts,troublesandworries.②________greatdealofmoneywasspentinsavingthelivesofthetrappedminers.答案：①with②A(3)單句寫作①Well,sinceyou________________(對待我們)sosincerely,wewillreducethepriceceilingasmuchaswecan.②Japanwillhaveto________(達成協議)theUSonriceimports.答案：①dealwithus②do/makeadealwith(1)vi.處理，應付tosolveaproblem,performatask,etc.(2)n.協議；(尤指)交易anarrangement,especiallyinbusiness,onparticularconditionsforbuyingordoingsth.(3)n.大量；很多much;alotdealwithsb.應付/對待某人dealwithsth.處理某事doadealwith與……達成交易/協議It'sadeal.說一不二；成交It'snobigdeal.沒什么大不了agood/greatdealof很多的，大量的manage①Heisresponsibleformanagingthisproject.②(2024·天津6月高考)IhadhopedtosendPeteragifttocongratulatehimonhismarriage,butIcouldn'tmanageit.③Idon'tknowhowshemanagesonherownwithfourkids.(1)依據句意寫出加黑詞的最佳釋義①Withgreateffortstheymanagedtosettleintheirnewhouselastmonth.________②She's82andcan'tmanageonherownanymore.________③Hemanagesasmallshopofhisownafterhewasoutofwork.________答案：①完成(困難的事)②應付(困難局面)③管理，負責(2)單句語法填空①Thepolicemanaged________(gain)accessthroughanupstairswindow.②Thoughtheydon'tknowthatyoung________(manage),theyhaveheardofhimforhisabilities.③SheaskedmeifIwouldgiveaone-daylectureonstress________(manage)to200medicalworkers.答案：①togain②manager③management(3)單句寫作①____________________(管理一家公司)isharderthanyouthink.②Onlywiththegreatestofluck____________________(她才得以勝利逃脫)fromtherisingfloodwaters.③Thereisalwaysabigpileofdirtylaundryforyoutodo.____________________________(沒有洗衣機你怎么應付)?答案：①Managingacompany②didshemanagetoescape③Howdoyoumanagewithoutawashingmachine(1)v.管理，負責(公司、隊伍、組織等)tocontrolorbeinchargeofabusiness,ateam,anorganization,etc.(2)v.完成(困難的事)；勉力完成tosucceedindoingsth.,especiallysth.difficult(3)vi.能解決(問題)；應付(困難局面等)tobeabletosolveyourproblems,dealwithadifficultsituation,etc.manageto_dosth.設法做成某事managewith/without有/沒有……應付managern.經理，經營者managementn.管理；經營manage強調結果，表設法做成某事。try強調動作，指的是試圖做某事，但是未必做成某事。fortune①Sicknessorillfortunecouldreduceyoutoaneedysituation.②ReallycentralhotelsincitiessuchasLondon,EdinburghandCardiffcancostafortune,especiallyatweekendsandduringbigevents.(1)單句語法填空①Mycousinwasfortunate________(find)ajobassoonasshegraduatedfromtheuniversity.②Thestorecaughtfire.________(fortunate),allthepeoplethereescapedfromit.③(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)Hewouldlaughtheloudestoverfunandbethesaddestoveranyone's________(fortune)．答案：①tofind②Fortunately③misfortune(2)單句寫作①InChina,childrenaregivenmoneyinaredenvelopeto__________________(帶來好運和財寶)intheNewYear.②Getty____________________(發大財)inhislife,buthegavehismoneytotheartworld.③I____________________(有幸與……共事)withabrilliantheadofdepartmentinthepast.答案：①bringgoodfortuneandwealth②madealargefortune③hadthegoodfortune/befortunatetowork(1)n.(尤指影響人生的)機會，運氣chanceorluck,especiallyinthewayitaffectspeople'slives(2)n.大筆的錢；巨款alargeamountofmoneymakeone's/afortune發財bygood/badfortune幸運/不幸地havethegood/badfortunetodo...有幸/不幸做……tryone'sfortune碰運氣seekone'sfortune外出找尋發財機會；外出闖蕩fortunateadj.幸運的befortunateto_dosth./befortunateinhavingsth.有幸做某事/擁有某物unfortunateadj.不幸的fortunately＝luckilyadv.幸運地unfortunatelyadv.不幸地misfortunen.厄運；不幸decline①Eventhoughhewasinastruggletomakealiving,hedeclinedthehelpofferedbythegovernment.②Accordingtoscientists,ourmentalabilitiesbegintodeclinefromtheageof27afterreachingthehighestlevelat22.③Oilproductionhasalreadypeakedandisonthedeclineinabout50nations.(1)依據漢語提示填空①Weaskedhertocometoourparty,butshe________(謝絕)．②Therehasbeenasharp________(下降)inprofitsthisyear.③Hishealthhasbegunto________(衰退)becauseheisold.④Thenumberofstaffhas________(削減)from217,000to114,000.答案：①declined②decline③decline④declined(2)單句語法填空①Theyteachkidstostandupandbethemselves,andencouragethemtopolitelydecline________(do)thingsthattheybelievearewrong.②—Severalhotelsinthisareaareclosingdown.—That'sbecausetourismitself________(decline)sincelastyear.答案：①todo②hasbeendeclining(3)單句寫作①他仍是世界上最受歡迎的高爾夫球選手之一，但他的球技大不如前。Heisstilloneoftheworld'smostpopulargolfers,buthisskillis____________________.②來自海外的激烈競爭導致了國內棉花產業的衰退。Theintensecompetitionfromoverseashascausedthecottonindustryto____________________.答案：①indecline/onthedecline②fall/gointo(a)decline(1)v.謝絕；婉言拒絕torefusepolitelytoacceptortodosth.(2)vi.衰退；衰弱；削減；下降tobecomesmaller,fewer,weaker,etc.(3)n.(數量、價值、質量等的)下降，削減，衰落，衰退acontinuousdecreaseinthenumber,value,quality,etc.ofsth.fall/gointo(a)decline陷入衰退indecline/onthedecline在衰退中；走下坡路declineto_dosth.拒絕做某事account①IopenedabankaccountafterImade$1,000bydoingapart-timejobduringthesummervacation.②Youraccountofwhathappeneddoesnottieinwithwhatthreeotherwitnesseshavesaid.③Weallaccounthimaqualifiedteacher,andheisalsorespectedbyhisstudents.(1)寫出與畫線短語的釋義最接近的英語單詞或短語①Thebookgives_an_account_ofthelivesoflesser-knownindividuals.________②Shewastoldtowearflatshoes,on_account_ofherbackproblem.________③Weshouldtake_account_ofpracticaldifficultiesandmakeanewplan.________答案：①describes②becauseof③consider(2)單句語法填空①Insixthgrade,adults(excludingparents)account________only25percentofadolescentsocialnetworks.②Wedelayedourdeparture________accountofthebadweather.③Shegavethepoliceafull________(account)oftheincident.答案：①for②on③account(3)句型轉換①Whendevelopingoureconomy,wemusttakeenvironmentalprotectionintoaccount.→Whendevelopingoureconomy,wemust__________________________environmentalprotection.→Whendevelopingoureconomy,wemust________environmentalprotection________________.②Visitorsareonnoaccountallowedtofeedanimalsinthewildlifepark.→Onnoaccount____________________tofeedanimalsinthewildlifepark.答案：①takeaccounttake;intoconsideration②arevisitorsallowed(1)n.賬戶anarrangementthatsb.haswithabank,etc.tokeepmoneythere,takesomeout,etc.(2)n.敘述；描述；報告awrittenorspokendescriptionofsth.thathashappened(3)vt.認為是；視為tohavetheopinionthatsb./sth.isaparticularthingⅠ.閱讀(2024·吉林省梅河口市高三上學期聯考)BestWaytoSaveMoneyAlthoughthebestwaytosavemoneycanvaryfrompersontoperson,dependingonage,familysizeandothercharacteristics,therearestillsomeeasythingsthatallshopperscandotokeepmoremoneyintheirbankaccounts.AvoidImpulse(沖動的)PurchasesWhenyoushop,abestwaytosavemoneyistohaveaplaninmindtohelpyouavoidimpulsepurchases.Forinstance,youmightleaveyourcreditcardsathomeandonlycarrytheexactamountofcashthatyouwillneedforyourplannedpurchase.Someshoppersagreetodiscussanypurchasesoveracertaindollaramountwiththeirspouses(配偶)first.KnowWhentoPayforQualitySometimesthebestwaytosavemoneyinthelongtermistospendalittlemoremoneyrightnow.Agoodpieceoffurniturecanstayinthefamilyfordecades.Ahigh-qualitypairofshoeswilllastlongerthanabargainpairandpreventfootpain.Leanercutsofmeatandorganicproduceprovidehealthbenefitsforyourfamily.BuySecondhandCheckclassifiedads,thriftstoresandgaragesalesforusedclothing,toys,furniture,andmuchmoreavailableatapartoftheiroriginalcost.Forthemostsecondhandsavings,checkoutgroupslikeFreecyclewheremembersofferunwanteditemsforfreetoanyonewillingtopickthemup.BorrowInsteadofBuyIfyou'reonlygoingtousesomethingonce,trytoborrowitinsteadofspendingyourmoneyonit.Borrowatoolfromyourneighbor.Swapbookswithafriend.Checkouttheresourcesatyourlocallibrary.You'llalsobereducingdisorderinyourhome.篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了幾種省錢的好方法。我國自古就以勤儉作為修身齊家治國平天下的美德。但是由儉入奢易，由奢入儉難。因此，我們中學生應當從現在起養成勤儉節約的好習慣(getintothegoodhabitofsaving)。1．Whatshouldyoudotoavoidbuyingunplannedthings?A．Thinktwicebeforeyoubuy. B．Askifyoureallyneedthem.C．Turntoyourfriendsforhelp. D．Nevertakeextramoneywithyou.答案：D細微環節理解題。依據其次段其次句中的“onlycarrytheexactamountofcashthatyouwillneedforyourplannedpurchase”可知，購物時，別帶多余的錢，就能避開沖動購物，即購買原先沒有安排買的東西。故選D。2．What'sthebiggestbenefitofbuyingsecondhandgoods?A．Itischeap. B．Itisconvenient.C．Itisfun. D．Itcostsnothing.答案：A細微環節理解題。依據第四段第一句中的“atapartoftheiroriginalcost”可知，買二手貨的最大好處是便宜。故選A。3．Whichofthefollowingtipsensuresyoutogetitemsforfree?A．AvoidImpulsePurchases. B．KnowWhentoPayforQuality.C．BorrowInsteadofBuy. D．BuySecondhand.答案：C推理推斷題。依據第五段可知，假如你只用一次的東西，不必花錢去買，可以借用。故選C。①purchasev.購買；選購 ②bargainv.討價還價n.減價品；便宜貨③classifiedadj.分類的④swapv.交換(第一段)Althoughthebestwaytosavemoneycanvaryfrompersontoperson,dependingonage,familysizeandothercharacteristics,therearestillsomeeasythingsthatallshopperscandotokeepmoremoneyintheirbankaccounts.譯文：雖然省錢的最佳方式因人而異，取決于年齡、家庭規模和其他特點，但全部購物者都可以做一些簡潔的事情，以便把更多的錢存入銀行賬戶。分析：本句中，although引導讓步狀語從句，句子主干為therearestillsomeeasythings...，that引導定語從句修飾things。(2024·武漢市部分學校新高三調研測試)Foritsoutsizereputation,SiliconValleyisanarrowthing.America'sinnovationcapitalmainlyconsistsofmanysmalltownsandcitiesontheSanFranciscoPeninsula(半島)squeezedbetweenthecoastalmountainrangetothewestandthebaytotheeast.ItistraditionallymadeupofthetopofSantaClaraCountyaswellastheverybottomofSanMateoNotlongago,thisplacewasknownastheValleyofHeart'sDelight,famousforitsplentifulfruityards.Thecircumstancesthatturnedthecountrysideintoatechnologicalcenterhavebeenstudiedcarefully,andmanyhaveattemptedtoreplicatethemagicinEdwards'SuburbanDreamsprojectwasbornin1997.“Ifeltlonelyandtrapped,butIrealizedthatthepeoplearoundmereallylovedbeingthere，”sherecalled.ShebeganbyphotographingfriendsandacquaintancesnearherhomeinSanCarlos.Theprojectgrewassheinterviewedhersubjectstounderstandhowtheirenvironmentshapedtheirhopesanddreams.“It'sreallyimportanttomethatthepicturesaretruetowhatishappeninginthehome，”shesays.In2024,Edwardsbeganrevisitinghersubjectstoseetheeffectsofthegrowthandthewealth.Butshewassurprisedbyhowlittlehadchangedinthelivesofthosestillthere.ManySiliconValleynativesdonotrecognizemuchofwhattheyseetherenowadays.It'struethatmodestbungalows(平房)havebeenreplacedbyverylargehouses.Almosteverythingismorecrowdedandmoreexpensive.Butalotwillneverchange.Themainroads—Highway101,ElCaminoReal—arethesame.Soarethefreestandingoaktreesandgentlehillssurroundedbygoldengrass.Andattheheartofthemall,asEdwards'photosillustrate,thesuburbandreamisstillalive.篇章導讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。硅谷是由美國舊金山旁邊的郊區鄉鎮發展而成的，雖然經濟富有，高樓大廈取代了平房，但是從愛德華茲所拍攝的硅谷人民生活變更的照片可以看出，經濟的發展對很多人的生活并沒有產生很大的影響。人們照舊保留著“郊區之夢”。作為中學生，參與社會經濟生活，除關注國家經濟建設外，我們平常可以多了解世界各國的經濟狀況，思索什么是一個好的經濟制度(agoodeconomicsystem)。4．WhereisSiliconValley?A．InthecenterofSanFrancisco.B．OntheSanFranciscoPeninsulA．C．OntopofSantaClaraD．AtthebottomofSanMateo答案：B細微環節理解題。依據第一段其次句“America'sinnovationcapitalmainlyconsistsofmanysmalltownsandcitiesontheSanFranciscoPeninsula(半島)squeezedbetweenthecoastalmountainrangetothewestandthebaytotheeast.”可知，硅谷位于美國舊金山半島處，夾在位于西方的沿海山脈和位于東部的海灣之間，故B項正確。5．Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlinedword“replicate”inParagraph2?A．Copy. B．Replace.C．Study. D．Report.答案：A詞義揣測題。依據其次段其次句“Thecircumstancesthatturnedthecountrysideintoatechnologicalcenterhavebeenstudiedcarefully,andmanyhaveattemptedtoreplicatethemagicinSiliconValley.”可知，將農村變成科技中心的環境已經被細致探討過；由該句中的“havebeenstudiedcarefully”并結合語境可知，畫線詞意為“復制”，即復制硅谷的魔力，故A項正確。6．Whatdidtheprojectfocusonlater?A．People'shopesanddreams.B．Thewishoftheacquaintances.C．Thetruelifeofthelocalpeople.D．SiliconValley'sinfluencesonthelocals.答案：D推理推斷題。依據第三段最終兩句“In2024,Edwardsbeganrevisitinghersubjectstoseetheeffectsofthegrowthandthewealth.Butshewassurprisedbyhowlittlehadchangedinthelivesofthosestillthere.”可知，在2024年，愛德華茲起先再次探望她的探討對象，看看經濟增長和財寶帶來的影響；但令她驚異的是，那些仍在那里的人的生活變更甚微。據此可知，該項目后來關注的是硅谷對當地人生活的影響，故D項正確。7．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．CrazyChanges,CrazyFollowersB．WildDream,SuccessfulProjectC．LivelyCity,MajorInnovationD．UnchangingLife,UnchangingDream答案：D標題推斷題。依據尾段第四句“Butalotwillneverchange.”和最終一句“Andattheheartofthemall,asEdwards'photosillustrate,thesuburbandreamisstillalive.”，并結合全文內容可知，本文主要講解并描述了“雖然硅谷在經濟上取得了巨大的勝利，但是人們的生活并沒有由此發生太大的變更，人們的郊區之夢也沒有變更”這一主題，故D項最適合作本文的標題。①reputationn.名聲，名譽②innovationn.創新③squeezev.擠壓④plentifuladj.大量的；豐富的(第三段第五句)It'sreallyimportanttomethatthepicturesaretruetowhatishappeninginthehome.這些照片真實地反映了家中發生的一切，這對我來說真的很重要。(2024·山西省祁縣中學高三月考)Thereisalwaysnolackofordinarypeopletakingactionforextraordinarychange.AghanOscarisjustamongthem.Thirteenyearsago,Aghan,botheredbytheever-increasingquantityofplasticwasteinthislow-incomesuburbofNairobi,decidedtofindawaytorecycleit.Nowhiscompany,ContinentalRenewableEnergyCo.Ltd(COREC),producespolesforuseinconstruction,farmingandroadsigns.Sofarhe'ssold96,000,andhesayshispotentialforgrowthislimitedonlybytheconsiderableexpenseofsettingupplasticrecyclingplants.MostofAghan'scustomersarefarmersanddeveloperswhoonceusedwoodenfencepoles.Customerssaytheyhaveotherbenefitsaswell.“Ihavefencedmypieceoflandthreetimesusingwoodposts,butmostofthetimethefencewasvandalized(有意破壞)byvillagerswhousedthepostsasfirewood，”saidCalebKapten.Nowplasticpostshavestoppedtheproblem,hesaid.TheKenyaNationalHighwaysAuthorityisoneofCOREC'sbiggestcustomers.Itapproachedthecompanyafterroadsignswerevandalizedbycriminalswhosoldthemetalpolestosteelmanufacturingcompanies.Aghanreckons(估計)thatCOREC'sproductshavesavedthegovernmentmillionsofshillings,besidespreventingroadaccidents.AndhealsopointsoutthatCOREChasbeenabletoconservelargenumbersoftreesbyproducingplasticpoles.WhenAghanstartedthisrecyclingbusinessin2003,mostofhisemployeeswerehisfamilymembersduetofinancialconstraints(限制).Nowheemploys250youngpeopletocollectplasticwaste.Fiftymoreyouthsworkontheproductionline,wherethewasteissortedaccordingtoqualitybeforebeingcrushedandwashed,meltedandcastintodifferentshapes.Thepolesarethenarrangedbyshapeandsizeforsaleintheyardoftherecyclingplant.篇章導讀：本文是一篇記敘文。受日益增多的塑料垃圾所擾的Aghan創辦了自己的公司來解決這個問題。他們回收利用廢棄塑料來生產塑料桿兒，用于建筑、農業和交通領域。當我們在學習或生活上遇到問題(encounteraproblem)時，不要回避問題，而是要主動想方法去解決問題，迎難而上，勇于挑戰自己。8．What'sthebiggestchallengeofAghan'sfuturecareer?A．Thepoortechnologyinrecycling.B．Thehighcostofbuildingfactories.C．Theincreasingpilesofplasticwaste.D．Thelimitedpolicysupportinrecycling.答案：B細微環節理解題。依據其次段中的“hispotentialforgrowthislimitedonlybytheconsiderableexpenseofsettingupplasticrecyclingplants”可知，Aghan將來事業面臨的最大挑戰是建立塑料回收工廠的費用過高。故選B。9．HowwasCalebKapten'sproblemfinallysolved?A．Hegaveupfencinghisland.B．Heguardedthelandmorecarefully.C．Hereplacedthewoodpostswithplasticones.D．Hegotsomedonatedmetalposts.答案：C細微環節理解題。依據第三段的內容，尤其是最終一句“Nowplasticpostshavestoppedtheproblem,hesaid.”可知，CalebKapten的問題因運用塑料桿兒來代替木桿兒而得到解決。故選C。10．Whatdoesthelastparagraphsuggest?A．GreatdifficultyfacingAghan.B．Strictstandardsofplasticpoles.C．Variouswaysofmakingplasticpoles.D．Thecomplexprocessofrecyclingplasticwaste.答案：D推理推斷題。依據最終一段的內容，尤其是“Nowheemploys...intheyardoftherecyclingplant.”可知，他雇傭很多年輕人來收集塑料垃圾，另外有很多年輕人在生產線上工作，對廢物進行分類，然后粉碎、清洗、熔化和鑄造，最終出售。從而推斷出，將廢棄塑料回收再利用須要耗費巨大的人力，其過程困難繁瑣。故選D。11．Whichbestshowsthestructureofthetext?答案：D推理推斷題。通讀全文可知，第一段屬于主旨段，引出本文的話題；其次段講的是Aghan創辦了自己的公司，生產用于建筑、農業和路標的塑料桿兒；第三段和第四段分別介紹塑料桿兒在農業和交通領域的應用，屬于對其次段內容的擴展；第五段主要介紹這種塑料桿兒的生產過程，與其次段是并列關系。故選D。①extraordinaryadj.非凡的；卓越的②quantityn.數量③approachv.接近；著手處理④qualityn.質量(第一段第一句)Thereisalwaysnolackofordinarypeopletakingactionforextraordinarychange.任何時候都會有一般人實行行動，進行非同尋常的變更。(2024·廣東省高三“六校聯盟”第一次聯考)Anewtechnologyisgoingtoripe,onethatcouldtransformourdailylives,helptoformnewindustries,evenremoveworldeconomicpowersfromtheirpresentpositions.UnlikethewaveofindustrializationthatbeganintheWestandspreadlatertotherestoftheworld,thenewdevelopmentsaretakingplaceinresearchlabsallovertheglobe—andAsiansareintheforefront.Physicistsarecreatinganewclassofmaterialsthatdisplayanamazingpropertyunforeseeneventwoyearsago—superconductivity(超導體技術)．Usedtodayonlyinspecializedequipment,superconductorshavethepotentialtoradicallychangemostoftheelectricalandelectronicappliancesfoundinthehome,makingthemsmaller,morepowerfulandefficient.Theycouldfreeourcitiesofpollutionbyreplacingpetrolanddiesel(柴油)vehicleswithelectriccars,andcutthecostofelectricity.Thenewmaterialsdosomethingthateventhebestofconductorssuchascopperandsilvercannot—theydoawaywithallelectricalresistance.Thesignificancesforenergystoragearegreat.Thetechnologyisinitsearlystage,stillaccessibletocountriesthatdecidetoinvestbrainsandmoney.For75yearsithadremainedlittlemorethanascientificcuriositywithlimitedpracticalusebecausethephenomenonoccurredonlyatextremelylowtemperatures.Itwasfirstobservedin1911byaDutchscientistnamedHeikeKamerlinghOnnes,whocooledmercury(水銀)totemperaturesbelow－269℃withliquidhelium(氦).TheninJanuarylastyear,twoIBMscientists,K.AlexMullerandJ.GeorgeBednorz,foundametaloxideceramic(氧化陶瓷)thatsuperconductedat－243℃.TheirreportwentlargelyunnoticeduntillastDecember,whenitwasconfirmedatascientificmeetinginBoston.TodayJapan,India,ChinaandotherAsiancountriesallhavetheirshareofexpertswhospendtheirdaysandnightsinlabs,actingasmidwives(助產士)toanewtechnology.篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章講解并描述的是一項最新技術——超導體技術的發展潛能和發展狀況。我們都知道，技術創新能夠帶動經濟增長，反過來經濟增長又要求更高的技術創新。時代呼喊創新，中學生要敢為人先，成為社會創新的重要力氣(animportantforceofsocialinnovation)，將創新轉化為實際生產力。12．Asisindicatedinthepassage,thetechnologyofsuperconductivity________.A．hasalreadybeendevelopedB．isstillunderdevelopmentC．willbeusedonlyinspecializedequipmentD．willbeusedindailylivesinafewyears答案：B推理推斷題。依據第三段第一句“Thetechnologyisinitsearlystage,stillaccessibletocountriesthatdecidetoinvestbrainsandmoney.”可知，該技術還處于早期階段，那些確定投入人力和金錢的國家仍舊可以獲得該項技術，可推知超導技術仍在開發中，故選B。13．Thenewtechnologydiffersfromtheothersinthat________.A．itbeganintheEastandspreadlatertotherestoftheworldB．itbeganintheWestandspreadlatertotherestoftheworldC．itisbeingcultivatedinresearchlabsaroundtheworldD．itisaccessibletophysicistswhoareintelligentandrich答案：C細微環節理解題。依據第一段其次句可