PAGEModule5NewspapersandMagazines(主題語境：人與社會——歷史、社會與文化)基礎(chǔ)學(xué)問·全面回顧JICHUZHISHIQUANMIANHUIGU●Ⅰ單詞分類巧記閱讀詞匯認(rèn)讀1．financialadj. __金融的__2．welcomevt. __歡迎__3．reviewn. __評論__4．replacevt. __代替；取代；把……放回原處__核心詞匯識記1．__found__ vt.創(chuàng)立；建立2．__delighted__adj.興奮的；歡樂的→__delight__n.欣喜vt.使喜悅→__delightful__adj.令人歡樂的3．__economy__n.經(jīng)濟(jì)→__economical__adj.經(jīng)濟(jì)的；節(jié)約的→__economist__n.經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家→__economic__adj.經(jīng)濟(jì)的4．__politics__n.政治→__political__adj.政治的→__politician__n.政治家5．__congratulation__n.慶賀→__congratulate__vt.慶賀6．__aboard__adv.在船(飛機(jī)、火車、公共汽車)上→__board__vt.上船(飛機(jī)、火車、公共汽車)7．__historical__adj.歷史性的→__historic__adj.有歷史意義的→__history__n.歷史8．__achievement__n.成就；功業(yè)；偉績→__achieve__vt.取得(成就)9．__disbelief__n.不信；懷疑；懷疑→__belief__n.信念；信條→__believe__vt.信任→__believable__adj.可以信任的10．__evidence__n.證據(jù)→__evident__adj.明顯的11．__cultural__adj.文化的→__culture__n.文化→__multicultural__adj.多元文化的12．__produce__vt.創(chuàng)作→__production__n.創(chuàng)作；生產(chǎn)→__product__n.產(chǎn)品用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1．Don’tadmirehis__achievement__.Youwill__achieve__yourambitionifyouworkhard.(achieve)2．A__politician__isonewhois__political__andinterestedorinvolvedin__politics__andholdsstrongbeliefsinit.(politics)3．Itis__believed__thatitwashis__belief__inGodthatgavehimhopeduringdifficulttimesanditsounds__believable__.(belief)4．Australiahasitsown__cultural__identity.That’stosay，its__culture__isdifferentfromthatofothercountries.(culture)5．__Production__istheactionof__producing__somethingortheamountof__products__.(produce)6．FromthelookonMary’sface，itwas__evident__thatthey’vefoundno__evidence__sofarwhohadstolenthecomputersintheoffice.(evident)7．Withthedeclineoftheglobal__economy__，herfamilyisfacedwithmany__economic__problems，oneofwhichiswhethertobuyan__economical__stovetosurvivethewholewinter.(economy)●Ⅱ短語互譯速記1．起飛 __takeoff__2．總共；合計 __intotal__3．既然 __nowthat__4．信任 __believein__5．集中留意力 __concentrateon__6．inspace __在太空__7．inthehistoryof __在……的歷史上__8．takephotographsof __拍攝……的照片__9．comeon __加油；得了吧；趕快__10．besimilarto __和……相像__選用上述短語填空1．__Nowthat__thereisanewtunnel，theroadislessdangerous.2．Ifyou__believein__him，Icertainlywillalso.3．Therewasadelayoftwohoursbeforetheplane__tookoff__.4．Weshould__concentrateon__ourstudynow，becauselosttimeneverreturns.5．Youropinionaboutthismatter__issimilarto__oursinmanyways.6．__Intotal__，45percentofadultsinBritainareexposedtotobaccosmokeathome.1．“太空”相關(guān)詞匯合合(1)spaceshipn.宇宙飛船(2)capsulen.太空艙(3)orbitv.繞軌道飛行n.軌道(4)astronautn.宇航員(5)taikonautn．太空人；宇航員(6)cosmonautn.宇航員(7)alienn.外星人(8)universen．宇宙2．“明顯的”大集合(1)evidentadj.明顯的(2)obviousadj.明顯的；明顯的(3)apparentadj.自不待言的(4)distinctadj.明顯的3．“總共；總計”短語匯總(1)intotal總共；總計(2)inall總共；總計(3)addupto加起來總共(4)sumup計算……的總數(shù)4．盤點“很興奮做某事”(1)bedelightedtodosth.(2)begladtodosth.(3)behappytodosth.(4)bepleasedtodosth.(5)havefundoingsth.●Ⅲ佳句精析精練1．WhenYangtookofffromJiuquaninnorthwestChinaat9amyesterday，Chinabecamethethirdnationtosendamanintospace.昨天上午9點，楊利偉在中國西北部的酒泉起飛，中國成為世界上第三個把人送入太空的國家。[精析]當(dāng)表示“做某事的第一/二/三……/最終一個人/物”時，要用thefirst/second/third...lastperson/sth.todosth.。2．AmateurastronomerDavidBateswaslookingatthemoonthroughhistelescopelastnightwhenhegotabigsurprise.昨天晚上，業(yè)余天文學(xué)家大衛(wèi)·貝茨正在用天文望遠(yuǎn)鏡觀看月球，就在那時他有了一個驚人的發(fā)覺。[精析]句中的when是并列連詞，意為“就在那時”。3．NowthatIhavemadethisfirstvisit，IhopeIcancomemanymoretimes.既然我已經(jīng)有了這第一次參觀，我希望我能多來幾次。[精析]nowthat引導(dǎo)緣由狀語從句。4．Isthisthefirsttimehe’sseenalienslandingonthemoon?這是他第一次望見外星人登陸月球嗎？[精析]Thisisthefirsttime...“這是第一次……”，從句中用現(xiàn)在完成時。[句式仿寫]依據(jù)上述句式完成句子1．約翰是第一個想出這種方法的人。Johnwas__thefirstpersontothinkof__theway.2．他們眼看就要放棄了，這時救援趕到了。They__wereabouttogiveupwhen__helpcame.3．既然你已長大，就必需停止這種無趣的行為。__Nowthatyouhavegrownup__，youmuststopthischildishbehaviour.4．這是他有生以來第一次登泰山。Thisisthefirsttimeinhislifethathe__hasclimbedMountTai__.●Ⅳ單元語法過關(guān)時間狀語從句和緣由狀語從句語法填空1．Airpollutionisgettingmoreandmoreserious，sowemusttakeaction__before__itistoolate.[解析]句意：空氣污染越來越嚴(yán)峻，所以我們必需趁還來得及的時候?qū)嵭行袆印Ｒ罁?jù)句意可知，應(yīng)用before，表示“在……以前”。2．By6∶00pm，__when__itwasalmostclosingtime，allthecarshadbeensoldout.[解析]句意：截至下午六點，當(dāng)幾乎要停止?fàn)I業(yè)的時候，全部的汽車都賣出去了。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，其次個逗號前后是兩個完整的簡潔句，不缺少任何句子成分，故用when。when在此引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，起連詞的作用。3．Now__that__wehavelostallthemoney，it’snouseturningonmeandsayingit’sallmyfault.[解析]考查連詞。句意：既然我們已經(jīng)丟失了全部的錢，抨擊我說都是我的錯沒用。nowthat“既然”，引導(dǎo)緣由狀語從句。4．—MayIgoandplaywithDickthisafternoon，Mum?—No，youcan’tgoout__as__yourworkisbeingdone.[解析]此題簡潔誤認(rèn)為是考查not...until...結(jié)構(gòu)。句中的yourworkisbeingdone表明“你正在做作業(yè)”，故用as表示緣由。5．__When__Isawthebeautifullydecoratedhouse，Ireallywonderedhowshecouldmanagethatallbyherself.[解析]句意：當(dāng)看到這座裝飾美麗的房子時，我真的想知道她是怎樣獨自做到的。when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，符合句意。考點探究·素養(yǎng)演練KAODIANTANJIUSUYANGYANLIAN高頻單詞1．congratulationn.慶賀；慶賀詞(常用復(fù)數(shù))激活學(xué)問語法填空①(2024·全國卷Ⅲ)Thepartyisachanceforfriendsandfamilytocongratulatetheperson__on__thenewhome.②Weofferedour__congratulations__(congratulate)tohimonhissuccessinbusiness.歸納拓展(1)Congratulations!慶賀！恭喜！offer/sendone’scongratulationstosb.onsth.為某事向某人慶賀(2)congratulatev．慶賀congratulatesb.on(doing)sth.向某人慶賀某事congratulateoneselfonsth.為……慶幸/感到驕傲實力提升一句多譯我們慶賀你們通過了高考。①__Congratulationstoyouon__yourpassingtheCollegeEntranceExamination.(congratulation)②We__offer/sendourcongratulationstoyouon__yourpassingtheCollegeEntranceExamination.(congratulation)③We__congratulateyouon__yourpassingtheCollegeEntranceExamination.(congratulate)2．a(chǎn)boardadv.&prep.在船(飛機(jī)、火車、公共汽車)上；上船(飛機(jī)、火車、公共汽車)激活學(xué)問完成句子①Ittooktwohourstoloadallthepeople__aboard__.讓全部的人都上船用了兩個小時。②Theywerethelasttwoto__go/getaboard__theship.他們是最終上船的兩位。歸納拓展goaboard上船；上飛機(jī)Allaboard！[口]請大家上船/車/飛機(jī)！Welcomeaboard!歡迎乘坐！onboard(＝aboard)在船上；在飛機(jī)上易混辨析aboard副詞、介詞，表示“在(船、飛機(jī)、火車、公共汽車)上”abroad副詞，指“在國外”board動詞，表示“登機(jī)；上船；膳宿；用木板做”，也可以是名詞，表示“木板；董事會等”broad形容詞，意為“寬敞的”實力提升選詞填空(aboard/abroad/board/broad)①Passengersarewaitingto__board__.②Sheworked__abroad__forayear.③Thereisa__broad__streetbesidemyschool.④Allthepeople__aboard__werekilledintheaccident.3．replacevt.代替；取代；放回激活學(xué)問語法填空①(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)We’rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplants__toreplace__(replace)functionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday.②(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)Nervousnessandfearwerereplaced__with__joy.③(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)Whenallthosehadbeendone，theroadsurface__wasreplaced__(replace)．④Idon’tfeelwell.Won’tyougo__in__placeofme?歸納拓展eq\b\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(replacesb.,taketheplaceofsb.,takeone’place,inplaceofsb.))取代某人replacesb./sth.withsb./sth.用某人/某物替換某人/某物replacesth.＋prep./adv.把某物放回到……實力提升一句多譯我們的班長將代替我們的班主任參與這次會議。①Ourmonitorwill__replace/taketheplaceofourheadteacher__toattendthemeeting.(replace/taketheplaceof)②Ourmonitorwill__takeourheadteacher’splace__toattendthemeeting.(takeone’splace)③Ourmonitorwillattendthemeeting__inplaceofourheadteacher__.(inplaceof)4．delightedadj.開心的；興奮的激活學(xué)問語法填空①(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)IoncewroteapaperontheinfluenceoffairytalesonRoaldDahl’swritinganditgavemeanewappreciationforhisstrangeand__delightful__(delight)words.②Shewasverymuch__delighted__(delight)thathereturned，safeandsound.③Theboytakesgreatdelight__in__pullingthecat’stail.④Much__to__herdelight，threedozenneighboursshowedupandseveralofthemevenbroughtwiththemsomecandiesandcookies.歸納拓展(1)bedelightedat/with/by對……感到興奮bedelightedtodosth.很興奮做某事bedelightedthat-clause很興奮……(2)delightn．[U]歡樂；興奮；[C]使人興奮的事；樂事vt.&vi.(使)興奮；以……為樂have/find/takedelightin興奮……；以……為樂toone’sdelight令某人興奮的是with/indelight興奮地；樂意地(3)delightfuladj.令人開心的實力提升句式升級I’mdelightedatyourabilityandI’llgoonworkingwithyou.→__Delightedatyourability__，I’llgoonworkingwithyou.(用形容詞短語作狀語改寫)常考短語5．nowthat既然；由于激活學(xué)問翻譯句子①(2024·天津高考)NowthatI’mgrowingandtheworldIonceknewasbeingsosimpleisbecomingmorecomplex，Ifindmyselfneedingawaytoescape.譯：__由于我正在長大并且我曾經(jīng)認(rèn)為如此簡潔的世界變得越來越困難，我發(fā)覺自己須要一種躲避的方式。__②Weneedn’thaveboughtsomuchfoodnowthatSuziewon’tbewithusfordinner.譯：__既然蘇西不和我們一起吃飯，我們本沒必要買那么多的食物。__歸納拓展uptonow/untilnow到目前為止(every)nowandthen時常；時而fromnowon從現(xiàn)在起inthat因為聯(lián)想拓展表示“因為；由于”的短語還有：①becauseof②onaccountof③dueto④owingto實力提升完成句子①__Nowthatyouarebusy__，letmedoitforyou.既然你忙，就讓我替你做吧。②Shewasfortunate__inthat/because__shehadfriendstohelpher.她很幸運(yùn)，因為有一些摯友幫助她。必備句型6．Isthisthefirsttimehe’sseenalienslandingonthemoon?這是他第一次望見外星人登陸月球嗎？激活學(xué)問語法填空①Itwasthethirdtimethathe__hadasked__(ask)thesamequestion.②Iknowitistimeforme__todo__(do)myhomework，butIjustcan’tresistplayingcomputergames.③Itishightimethatwe__took__(take)effectivemeasurestogaincontroloverenvironmentpollution.歸納拓展(1)句式“This/It/Thatis/wasthefirst/second...lasttime＋that從句”，表示“這/那是第一/其次/……最終一次……”。其中，that引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，that在口語中常省略。從句通常用現(xiàn)在完成時或過去完成時。(2)表示“到做某事的時間了”的句型：①Itistime(forsb.)todosth.該是(某人)做某事的時候了。②Itis(high/about)time＋that...該做……了(that從句的謂語動詞常用虛擬語氣，即“should＋動詞原形”或動詞的過去式，should不行以省略。)。實力提升句型轉(zhuǎn)換①Forthefirsttimeinhistwelveyears，hehadspentanafternoonatafriend’shouse.→Itwas__thefirsttime__inhistwelveyearsthathe__hadspent__anafternoonatafriend’shouse.②Youknow，Imetmygirlfriend’sparentsforthefirsttimeonlyyesterday.→Youknow，itis__thefirsttime__thatIhavemetmygirlfriend’sparents.7．AmateurastronomerDavidBateswaslookingatthemoonthroughhistelescopelastnightwhenhegotabigsurprise.昨天晚上，業(yè)余天文學(xué)家大衛(wèi)·貝茨用天文望遠(yuǎn)鏡觀看月球，就在那時他有一個驚人的發(fā)覺。激活學(xué)問句式仿寫①We__werehavingameetingwhen__someonebrokein.我們正在開會，這時一個人闖了進(jìn)來。②He__waswalkinginthestreetwhen__hemetanoldfriend.他正在街上走著，這時遇到了一個老摯友。歸納拓展when作并列連詞用，意為“就在這/那時”。可用于下列句型：bedoingsth.when...正在做某事這時……beabouttodosth.when...剛要做某事這時……beonthepointofdoingsth.when...剛要做某事這時……h(huán)addonesth.when...剛做了某事這時……實力提升語法填空①(北京高考)Jack__wasworking__(work)inthelabwhenthepowercutoccurred.②Iwasabouttogiveup__when__myfathercameandencouragedmetokeepgoing.課堂達(dá)標(biāo)·鞏固提升KETANGDABIAOGONGGUTISHENGⅠ.單句語法填空1．Pleasegivehimmy__congratulations__(congratulate)whenyouseehim.2．Thecompany__founded__(found)in2024nowhasseveralofficesinEurope.3．ThescientistsinChinahavemadegreat__achievements__(achieve)inexploringthespace.4．Myteachingstyleissimilar__to__thatofmostotherteachers.5．__In__totalwespent$750decoratingournewkitchen.6．Hasitbeenannouncedwhentheplanesaretotake__off__?7．I’m__delighted__(delight)toknowyouhavesuchfaithinme.8．Thisisthethirdtimethathe__haswon__(win)thegoldmedal.9．Mr.Brownstoodatthedoor，__welcoming__(welcome)newcomerswithalargesmileandapatonthearm.10．Tomwasabouttoclosethewindow__when__hisattentionwascaughtbyabird.Ⅱ.單句改錯1．Sheseemstotakedelightedinmakingotherssuffer.__delighted→delight__2．Thereweremanyreportsaboutthreeastronautsinthespace.__去掉the__3．ThoughIdon’ttrusthim，Ibelieveinwhathesaidthistime.__去掉in__4．ThisisthelasttimethatItoldyouhowtodoit.__told前面加have__5．WeofferedMr.Wangourcongratulationonhissuccessinbusiness.__congratulation→congratulations__6．Whentheycame，wegavethemwarmwelcome.__warm前面加a__7．Hewasreadingintheroomwhileheheardhisnamecalled.__while→when__8．HewasconcentratinghisattentiontohisstudywhenIvisitedhim.__to→on__Ⅲ.教材連接高考依據(jù)課文內(nèi)容，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Chinahasgainedhergreatachievementsin__1.exploring__(explore)space，as__2.wasproved__(prove)bythesuccessfullaunchofShenzhouⅤ.YangLiwei，China’sfirsttaikonaut，landed__3.safely__(safe)inInnerMongolia.Yangwas__4.in__spacefor21.5hoursandmade14orbitsoftheearth.__5.The__“SpaceHero”becamethe431stperson__6.totravel__(travel)inspace，andChinabecamethethirdnation