英語說明文的六種寫作方法英語說明文的六種寫作方法以說明為主是說明文與其他文體從表達方式上區別的標志。小編收集了英語說明文的六種寫作方法，歡迎閱讀。1.羅列法(listing)在文章開始時提出需要說明的東西和觀點，然后常用first，second，…andfinally加以羅列說明。羅列法廣泛地使用于各類指導性的說明文之中，下面這篇學生作文就是用羅列法寫成的：EarlyRisingEarlyrising(早起)ishelpfulinmorethanoneway.First，ithelpstokeepusfit(健康)。Weallneedfreshair.Butairisneversofreshasearlyinthemorning.Besides，wecandogoodtoourhealthfromdoingmorningexercise(做早操)。Secondly，earlyrisinghelpsusinourstudies.Welearnmorequicklyinthemorning，andfinditeasiertorememberwhatwelearninthemorning.Thirdly，earlyrisingenables(使能夠)ustoplantheworkoftheday.Wecannotworkwellwithoutagoodplan.Justastheplanfortheyearshouldbemadeinthespring，sotheplanforthedayshouldbemadeinthemorning.Fourthly，earlyrisinggivesusenoughtimetogetreadyforourwork，suchastowashourfacesandhandsandeatourbreakfastproperly.Laterisersmayfinditverydifficulttoformthehabitofearlyrising.Theyoughttomakespecialeffortstodoso.AstheEnglishproverbsays，“Earlytobedandearlytorise，makesamanhealthy，wealthyandwise.”羅列法經常用下列句式展開段落，我們可以注意模仿學習：Thereareseveralgoodreasonswhyweshouldlearnaforeignlanguage.Firstofall，…Secondly，…Andfinally，…WeshouldtryourbesttoplantmoretreesforseveralgoodreasonsFirstofall，…Secondly，…Andfinally，必須指出的是，有時羅列法并不一定有明確的first，second…等詞，但文章還是以羅列論據展開的。2.舉例法(examples)舉例法是用具體的例子來說明我們要表達的意思，常用forexample，forinstance，stillanotherexampleis…等詞語引出。下面這篇學生作文就是用舉例法寫成的：RecreationItisimpossibletokeepingoodhealthunlesswetakeenoughrecreation(娛樂)。Themind，too，needschangetomakeitfreshandvigorous(有活力的)Thereismuchtruthintheoldsaying，AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.“Therearemanygameswhichboysandgirlscanplayaftertheirschoolworkisdone，forinstance，football，tennis，andkite-flying.Otherexamplesofrecreationareboating，fishing，gardening，cycling，walking，chess-playing，andreading.Personswhositmuchattheirbusinessshouldtakeakindofrecreationthatwillsupplytheirmuscles(肌肉)withexercise.Thosewhospendmostoftheirtimeintheopenairanddomanualwork(體力活)shouldadopt(采納)readingorsomeotherquietformofrecreation.Cyclingissaidtobeanimportantmeansofrecreation，butmanypersonsfoolishlytireoutthemselvesbycyclingtoomuch.Thesamemaybesaidinregardtofootball.Tennisisapleasantformofrecreation.Manypersonstakegreatdelightinboating.Fishingrequiresmuchpatience，andthereismuchdangeroftakingcoldbysittingstillonacolddaytoolong.Agoodbrisk(輕松)walkisoneofthefinestformsofexercise.Forpersonsengagedinoutdoorlabor，chess-playingisanotherexcellentformofrecreation.可以看出，舉例法和羅列法有時可以結合使用：即用羅列法來列出例子，用例子充實羅列的說明。3.比較法(comparisonandcontrast)比較法是對兩個對象進行比較，從而進行說明的寫作手法。比較法又可細分為比較相同點(comparison)和比較不同點(contrast)兩種方法，比如：FromParagraphtoEssayAlthoughtheyaredifferentinlength(長度)，theparagraphandtheessayarequitesimilarinstructure(結構)。Forexample，theparagraphstartswitheitheratopicsentence(主題句)oratopicintroducerfollowedbyatopicsentence.Intheessay，thefirstparagraphsetsupthetopicfocus(主題所在)Next，thesentencesinthebodyofaparagraphdevelopthetopicsentence.Similarly，thebodyofanessayconsistsofanumberofparagraphsthatdiscussandsupporttheideasgivenintheintroductory(引導的)paragraph.Finally，aconcludingsentence(結束句)——whetherarestatement，conclusion，orobservation——endstheparagraph.Theessay，too，hasaconcludingparagraphwhichendstheessaylogicallyandsatisfactorily.Althoughtherearesomeexceptions(例外)，mostwellwrittenexpository(說明文的)paragraphsandessaysaresimilarinstructure.可以看出，在比較相同點的時候，常用到similarly，also，too，inthesamecase，inspiteofthedifference等這樣的詞語。EuropeanFootballandAmericanFootballAlthoughEuropeanfootballistheparentofAmericanfootball，thetwogamesshowseveralmajordifferences.Europeanfootball，sometimescalledassociationfootballorsoccer，isplayedin80countries，makingitthemostwidelyplayedsportintheworld.Americanfootball，ontheotherhand，ispopularonlyinNorthAmerica(theUnitedStatesandCanada)。Soccerisplayedbyelevenplayerswitharoundball.Football，alsoplayedbyelevenplayersinsomewhatdifferentpositions(位置)onthefield，isplayedwithanelongated(拉長的)roundball.Soccerhaslittlebodycontact(接觸)betweenplayersandthereforeneedsnospecialprotectiveequipment.Football，inwhichplayersmakethegreatestuseofbodycontacttostoparunningball-carrierandhisteammates，needsspecialprotectiveequipment.Insoccer，theballisadvancedtowardthegoalbykickingitorbybutting(頂)itwiththehead.InAmericanfootball，ontheotherhand，theballispassedfromhandtohandorcarriedinthehandsacrosstheopponent's(對手)goal.Thesearejustafewofthefeatureswhichdistinguish(區別)associationandAmericanfootball.這是一篇用比較不同點的手法寫的說明文。從文章中可以看出：however，ontheotherhand，incontrast，but，nevertheless等表示轉折的詞語常用來引導對不同點的比較。4.定義法(definition)定義法也是英語說明文中常用的寫作手法，特別是在對具體事物概念進行說明時經常使用。定義法的基本要素是定義句。英語中常見定義句的模式是：被定義對象is所屬類別+限制性定語可以看出，定義句中限制性定語越詳細，定義就越精確，比如：Abatisasmallmouse-likeanimalthatfliesatnightandfeedson(以……為食品)fruitandinsectsbutisnotabird.其實，在英—英詞典中，對英語單詞的英文解釋就是定義法的典型例子。比如，看看Longman詞典對student和teacher的定義是很有意思的：Astudentisapersonwhoisstudyingataplaceofeducationortraining.Ateacherisapersonwhogivesknowledgeorskilltosb.asaprofession(專業)。5.順序法(sequenceoftime，spaceandprocess)順序法是指按時間、空間或過程的順序進行說明的一種寫作手法。比如按照時間順序介紹一個科學家的生平，用空間順序闡述逐漸開發西部的重要意義，用過程順序法解釋葡萄酒的生產過程等等。下面這篇學生作文就是用順序法寫成的：CoalCoalunderwent(經受)manychangesbeforeitbecamethebright，brittle(脆的)，blacksubstancewhichwenowuse.Duringancienttimes(在上古時代)，whentheearthenjoyedaverywarmandwetclimate，thelandwascoveredwithlargeforestsandbigplants.Astimewenton，thegroundchangedandbegantosink(下沉)alittle.Theseverylargenumbersoftreesandvegetablesreceivedadeposit(沉淀)ofsandandclay.Thislayerofsandandclaypresseduponthelayerbeneathandpreventeditfromcontactwithair.Thesetreesandplantsreceivedthepressureandchangeditsappearance.Generationsaftergenerations(幾世紀后)，asthegroundkeptgraduallysinking，anotherlayerofsandandclaywasagaindeposited(積聚)abovethelayersalreadyformed.Agreatpressurewasthusexerted(作用)andthepeat(泥煤)waschangedintotheblackandbrittlesubstancewhichisknownascoal.Coalisakindofmineralwhichisformedbynatureasabovestated.Itisanimportantindustrialmaterialandischieflyusedasfuel.Itisveryvaluableintheindustrialworld.Theplacewherecoaldepositiscalledacoalmine(煤礦)。InChina，coalminesarelargelyfoundinthenorth-westpartofthecountry.Shanxiisafamousprovinceforproducingcoal.IthasthemostcoalofChina.6.分類法(classification)分類法是將寫作對象進行分類說明的一種寫作手法。比如：著名的英