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PAGE完形填空之說明文優培16完形填空之說明文優培16完形填空之說明文真題在線真題在線1.應用1.應用①2024(2024·上海卷·完形填空)Inthe1960s,DouglasMcGregor,oneofthekeythinkersintheartofmanagement,developedthemowfamousTheoryXandTheoryY.TheoryXistheideathatpeopleinstinctively1workandwilldoanythingtoavoidit.TheoryYistheviewthateveryonehasthepotentialtofindsatisfactioninwork.Inanycase,despitesomuchevidencetothe2,manymanagersstillagreetoTheoryX.Theybelieve,3,thattheiremployeesneedconstantsupervisioniftheyaretoworkeffectively,orthatdecisionsmustbeimposedfrom4withoutconsultation.This,ofcourse,makesforauthoritarian(專制的)managers.Differentcultureshavedifferentwaysof5people.Unlikeauthoritarianmanagement,somecultures,particularlyinAsia,arewellknownfortheconsultativenatureofdecision-making—allmembersofthedepartmentorworkgroupareaskedto6tothisprocess.Thisismanagementbythecollectiveopinion.ManywesterncompanieshavetriedtoimitatesuchAsianwaysofdoingthings,whicharebasedongeneral7.Someexpertssaythatwomenwillbecomemoreeffectivemanagersthanmenbecausetheyhavethepowertoreachcommongoalsinawaythattraditional8managerscannot.Arecenttrendhasbeentoencourageemployeestousetheirowninitiative,tomakedecisionsontheirownwithout9managersfirst.Thisempowerment(授權)hasbeenpartofthetrendtowardsdownsizing:10thenumberofmanagementlayersincompanies.Afterde-layeringinthisway,acompanymaybe11withjustatoplevelofseniormanagers,front-linemanagersandemployeeswithdirectcontactwiththepublic.Empowermenttakestheideaofdelegation(托付)muchfurtherthanhas12beenthecase.Empowermentanddelegationmeannewformsofmanagementcontrolto13thattheoverallbusinessplanisbeingfollowed,andthatoperationsbecomemoreprofitableundertheneworganization,ratherthanless.Anothertrendisoff-siteor14management,whereteamsofpeoplelinkedbye-mailandtheInternetworkonprojectsfromtheirownhouses.Projectmanagersevaluatethe15oftheteammembersintermsofwhattheyproduceforprojects,ratherthantheamountoftimetheyspendonthem.1.A.desire B.seek C.lose D.dislike2.A.contrary B.expectation C.degree D.extreme3.A.viceversa B.forexample C.however D.otherwise4.A.outside B.inside C.below D.above5.A.replacing B.assessing C.managing D.encouraging6.A.refer B.contribute C.object D.apply7.A.agreement B.practice C.election D.impression8.A.bossy B.experienced C.western D.male9.A.asking B.training C.warning D.firing10.A.doubling B.maintaining C.reducing D.estimating11.A.honored B.left C.crowded D.compared12.A.economically B.traditionally C.inadequately D.occasionally13.A.deny B.admit C.assume D.ensure14.A.virtual B.ineffective C.day-to-day D.on-the-scene15.A.opinion B.risk C.performance D.attractiveness【文章大意】本文是說明文,作者在第一段中提出道格拉斯·麥克雷戈所提出的人性假設理論中的X理論和Y理論,并介紹了現代社會中一種新型管理理論:授權管理及其作用。1.【答案】D【解析】考查動詞。依據后半句“...willdoanythingtoavoidit”可知很多人為了避開工作而情愿做任何事情,說明那些人大多數人生性都是懶散的,都不情愿工作,他們盡可能地躲避工作。故D項正確。2.【答案】A【解析】考查名詞。tothecontrary:相反的;tothedegree:在某種程度上;totheextreme:走向極端。在文章第一段中提到了X理論,大多數人都缺乏進取心和責任心,不愿對人和事負責,沒有什么雄心壯志,不喜愛負責任,寧可被領導。而Y理論認為大多數人情愿對工作、對他人負責,人們情愿實行自我管理和自我限制來完成應當完成的目標。這是兩種完全相反的理論,盡管對于這兩種完全相反的理論有很多的證據,很多管理人仍舊同意X理論。故A正確。3.【答案】B【解析】考查詞組。本句中forexample表示舉例說明。這些管理人仍舊同意X理論,例如他們認為假如要員工效率高,就須要給與他們不斷的監督。這屬于X理論的舉例說明。故B正確。4.【答案】D【解析】考查名詞。依據空后一句可知這屬于專制的管理方法,他們的確定是來自上而下的,沒有任何商議的余地。故D項(上面的)正確。5.【答案】C【解析】考查動詞。句意:不同的文化中有不同的管理人的方法。這而且和下文中亞洲、西方的管理方法形成呼應。故C正確。6.【答案】B【解析】考查動詞短語。短語referto:提到,談到;contributeto:做貢獻;導致;objectto:反對;applyto:適用于。亞洲人運用的是協商式的管理方法,全部人都被要求對管理的過程做出自己的貢獻。故B正確。7.【答案】A【解析】考查名詞。agreement:同意,一樣;practice:練習,做法;election:選舉;impression:印象。亞洲人運用協商式的管理方法,這種方法是建立在達成一樣基礎之上的,西方人也想學習這樣的管理方法。故A正確。8.【答案】D【解析】考查形容詞。依據空格前半句可知有些專家認為女性比男性管理更高效。因為女性更有親和力,比男性管理人更簡潔與別人達成一樣的目標。故D正確。9.【答案】A【解析】考查動詞。依據前句“encourageemployeestousetheirowninitiative”可知是激勵員工發揮主動主動性,也就是說在做出確定的時候不要請示上級經理,自己做出確定即可。故A項正確。10.【答案】C【解析】考查上下文串聯。依據前句“thetrendtowardsdownsizing”(縮小規模的趨勢),也就是要削減管理層的數量,可以干脆做出確定而不須要請示上級。故動詞reduce(削減)符合上下文串聯。11.【答案】B【解析】考查形容詞。動詞behonoredwith:被授予;beleftwith:留下,剩下;becrowdedwith:擠滿;becomparedwith:與……相比。通過這種方法,公司只剩下高層管理者和前線的與公眾干脆聯系的一線管理人。省略了很多中心環節,提高了管理的效率。故B正確。12.【答案】B【解析】考查副詞。economically:經濟地;traditionally:傳統地;inadequately:不充分地;occasionally:間或地。依據后句“Empowermentanddelegationmeannewformsofmanagement”可知授權管理是一種新型的管理方法,與傳統的管理模式不一樣。故B正確。13.【答案】D【解析】考查動詞。deny:否認;admit:承認;assume:假定,設想;ensure:保證,確保。授權管理是一種新型的管理方法,有利于確保整個商業支配的跟進。依據句意可知D正確。14.【答案】A【解析】考查形容詞。virtual:虛擬的;ineffective:低效的;day-to-day:日常的;on-the-scene:現場的。依據后句“whereteamsofpeoplelinkedbye-mailandtheInternetworkonprojectsfromtheirownhouses”可知在這種新型的管理方法中,人們都是通過郵件和互聯網聯系,說明這是一種新型通過虛擬網絡進行的管理方法。故A正確。15.【答案】C【解析】考查名詞。opinion:觀點;risk:冒險;performance:表現;attractiveness:魅力。依據后半句中“intermsofwhattheyproduceforprojects,ratherthantheamountoftimetheyspendonthen”可知我們評價員工的表現是依據他們的產出而不是工作的時間,故C項正確。2.應用2.應用②模擬題(2024·河南南陽高三質量評估試題·完形填空)BridgingthegapHowdoesaprincipalinvestigatormakecommunicationamongdeafandhearingcolleagueseasier?Moreover,howarethelargenumberoffield-specifictechnicalterms41andcommunicatedinsignlanguage?These42differencesarenotremarkablychallengingtoworkaround.BlumbergtaughthimselfAmericanSignLanguageandhasinterpreters43inthelabduringtheday.Forlabmeetings,journalclubsandresearchseminars,hehastwointerpreterspresenttotag-teamsigning.Costsfortheinterpretersare44bytheNIH’sOfficeofResearchServices.Theonlylearningcurvethatheexperienced,Blumbergsays,wasrealizingheneeded45interpreters.Before,whenhehadonedeafstudent,hecould46theinterpreting.Asmoredeaffellowsjoined,Blumberg47full-timeinterpretersforhelp.Havinginterpretersaroundalldayisnotnecessarythough.“48,interpretersareonlyneededduringthedayifwe’rehavinglabmeeting,classes,importantfunctionsorevents,or49—posterpresentations,studentpresentations,guestpresentationsfrom50scientists,”Lundbergsays,“Therestoftheday,Idonotneedaninterpreter,51I’minlabandit’sindependentwork.”DuringhisPh.D.attheUniversityofMinnesota,Lundbergusedonlinechatplatformsto52withhisadviserandcolleagues.Orhewrote53awhiteboard,scratchpaper,orpapertowels.Hisadviserlater54thathekeepthescrapsofpaper,which“wasreallygoodadvice”,Lundbergsays,“becausetheywerereallygoodnotes.”“Thebestwaytoarrangethemostsuitableaccommodationsfordeafindividualsistoaskthem55theyneed,”saysDerekBraun,aformerpostdoctoralfellowwithBlumbergandcurrentlyaprofessorofbiologyatGallaudetUniversity.OneofhisongoingprojectsisacollaborationwithBlumbergandLundbergtoinvestigatetheroleofRasguanylnucleotide(鳥苷核苷酸)-releasingproteinsincancer.“56deafpeoplesign,”Braunsays.“Someareoral.Really,wecomeineveryflavorimaginable.Thebestjudgeofwhatthatpersonneedsisusuallytheperson.”Signingscientifictermsisnotunusuallychallengingeither.Whilenostandardizedsetofsignsfortechnicalwordsexists,colleaguesworkinginthesamelabdeveloptheirownsignsforthetermstheyfrequentlyuse.Ifeachlabdevelopssigns57whathappenswhenmembersofdifferentlabsmeet?LarryPearce,atechnicianinBlumberg’slab58isdeaf,explainstome.“It’sreallynotthatdifficultbecausewhenanindividualdoesnotunderstandasignweuse,they’llaskforclarifications(說明)andI’llfinger-spell.I’llspell59out.Theywilltellmewhattheirsignis,andI’lltellthemwhatoursignis.IfIliketheirsignbetter,Imightadoptitanduseiteveryday,orvice-versa(反之亦然),andeventuallyitbecomesmore60.41.A.adapted B.adopted C.adjusted D.announced42.A.culture B.pronunciation C.communication D.habit43.A.stationed B.canned C.cupped D.capped44.A.counted B.contained C.included D.covered45.A.better B.fewer C.more D.less46.A.carryout B.carryon C.makeout D.makeup47.A.turned B.sought C.referred D.led48.A.Inparticular B.Ingeneral C.Inconclusion D.Inword.49.A.colleagues B.interpreters C.presentations D.accommodations50.A.another B.any C.others D.other51.A.because B.though C.whether D.unless52.A.write B.read C.listen D.speak53.A.below B.on C.in D.beyond54.A.knew B.suggested C.discovered D.noticed55.A.which B.that C.what D.if56.A.Notall B.All C.Few D.Notenough57.A.independently B.dependently C.secretly D.occasionally58.A.where B.which C.who D.when59.A.them B.me C.myself D.it60.A.essential B.particular C.related D.universal【答案】41-45BCADC 46-50ABBCD 51-55ADBBC 56-60AACDD【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了以Blumberg為負責人的科學家供聾啞人溝通的手勢語進行探討,以架起聾啞人與正常人之間的溝通橋梁。41.考查動詞。句意:此外,大量詳細領域的專業術語如何用手語表達并進行溝通呢?A.adapt:使適應;B.adopt:采納;C.adjust:調整;D.announce:宣布。B項符合語境,文章最終一句adopt同一詞再現。故選B。42.考查名詞。句意:這些溝通差異解決起來并不特別困難。A.culture:文化;B.pronunciation:發音;C.communication:溝通;D.habit:習慣。依據第一句話Howdoesaprincipalinvestigatormakecommunicationamongdeafandhearingcolleagueseasier?可知,C項符合語境,故選C。43.考查動詞。句意:Blumberg自學了美國手語,且白天在試驗室里還有翻譯。A.stationed:派駐,把某人安置到某地;B.canned:裝入密封;C.cupped:使成杯形;D.capped:覆蓋。由語境可知,A項符合文意,故選A。44.考查動詞。句意:口譯員的費用由NIH探討服務辦公室支付。A.counted:算作、包括;B.contained:包含;C.included:包括、計入;D.covered:支付款項。依據句子可知,costs意為費用,coverthecost意為“支付費用”,故D項符合文意,故選D。45.考查形容詞。A.better:更好的;B.fewer:更少的;C.more:更多的;D.less:更少的。后文提到Asmoredeaffellowsjoined,可知隨著聾啞學生增多時,他須要更多的翻譯,more修飾可數名詞復數,故選C。46.考查動詞短語。句意:以前,當他只有一個聾啞學生的時候,他還可以自己進行翻譯。A.carryout:完成;執行;B.carryon:接著進行;C.makeout:辨別,理解;D.makeup:構成,彌補,化妝。由語境可知,A項符合文意,故選A。47.考查動詞。句意:隨著更多的聾啞學生加入進來,Blumberg就不得不尋求全職譯員的幫助。A.turned:轉向,轉身;B.sought:找尋;C.referred:引用,提到;D.led:領導,導致。seek尋求,符合語境。A/C需加to;D選項意為帶領,不合邏輯。故選B。48.考查介詞短語。句意:一般來說,只有在舉辦試驗室會議、上課、出席重要活動或項目時,才須要反應。A.Inparticular:尤其、特殊;B.Ingeneral:通常來講;C.Inconclusion:總而言之,D.Inword:口頭上。依據語境可知,B項符合語境,故選B。49.考查名詞。A.colleagues:同事、同行;B.interpreters:譯員;C.presentations:展示、闡述;D.accommodations:食宿。破折號后是對前文的說明說明,此處指海報展覽,由此可知,C項符合文意,故選C。50.考查代詞。A.another:另一個;B.any:任何的;C.others:不同的;D.other:其他的。other常用來修飾可數名詞復數,依據文章可知,此空不指代詳細的科學家。由此可知,D項符合文意,故選D。51.考查連詞。A.because:因為;B.though:雖然,盡管;C.whether:是否;D.unless:除非。分析文章可知,空處后一句是對不須要翻譯的說明說明,因此需運用從屬連詞,引導緣由狀語從句。由此可知,A項符合文意。故選A。52.考查動詞。句意:在明尼蘇達高校攻讀博士學位期間,Lundberg利用在線閑聊平臺與顧問和同事進行了溝通A.write:寫;B.read:讀;C.listen:聽;D.speak:說。依據文章可知,onlinechatplatforms是在線閑聊的平臺,speakwith意為“和……談話”。由此可知,D項符合文意,故選D。53.考查介詞。句意:或者他會寫在白板、便箋或紙巾上。依據文章可知,writeon為固定搭配,意為在……上寫,B項符合文意,故選B。54.考查動詞。A.knew:知道;B.suggested:建議;C.discovered:發覺;D.noticed:留意。分析文章可知,從句中的謂語在第三人稱單數后運用了(should)+動詞原形的形式,由此可推斷該處應運用虛擬語氣。由此可知,B項符合文意,故選B。55.考查連接詞。句意:為聾啞學生支配最舒適住宿的最佳方式是詢問他們須要什么。A.which:哪一個;B.that:那個;C.what:什么;D.if:假如。分析句子可知,該句為賓語從句,what引導賓語從句,并在從句中作賓語。故選C。56.考查部分否定。句意:并不是全部的聾啞人都須要用手勢。A.Notall:并不是全部;B.All:全部的;C.Few:極少的;D.Notenough:遠遠不夠。分析句子可知,后文中提到someareoral,說明不是全部的聾啞人都是一一個狀況,應運用部分否定。由此可知,A項符合文意,故選A。57.考查副詞。句意:假如每個試驗室都獨立地獨創手勢語,那當不同試驗室的成員相遇時會怎么樣?A.independently:獨立地;B.dependently:依靠地;C.secretly:隱私地;D.occasionally:間或地。文中倒數其次段提到現階段的技術用詞沒有統一的標準,同一個試驗室的人員會依據他們常常運用的詞來獨創他們的手勢。后文提到differentlabs說明試驗室是分別獨創自己的手勢,由此可知,A項符合文意,故選A。58.考查連接詞。A.where:哪里;B.which:哪一個;C.who:誰;D.when:當……的時候。分析句子可知,該句定語從句先行詞technician是人,且從句中缺少主語成分,因此需運用關系代詞who引導,故選C。59.考查代詞。A.them:他們;B.me:我;C.myself:我自己;D.it:它。分析句子可知,指示代詞it指代前文中出現的asign,故選D。60.考查形容詞。A.essential:必不行少的;B.particular:特殊的;C.related:相關聯的;D.universal:普遍的。分析文章可知,該空前提到:假如我更喜愛這個手勢的話,就會每天用,最終就會使其變得更加普遍,故選D。提分訓練提分訓練Passage1Intoday’sbusyworld,it’seasytogetoffthecourseofourlife.HavingaLifeMapto1helpsuskeepmovingquicklyand2towardsourgoals.Ithelpsusquicklycorrectthingswhenweare3amess,andhelpsusfindtheright4todealwithunexpectedproblems.Butifwedon’thavethemap,alltheplanningintheworldwon’t5.We’llendupdriving6around,beingdistractedbymanydifferentpaths.Evenifyouknow7youwanttogo,youhaven’ttriedandhavenotruemethodofgettingthere.Ifyouweregoingtodrivetosomewhere8,firstlyyouwouldmapitout.Morelikely,youoftenlookatthe9fordirectionstomakesurethatyouwereontherighttrack.Youwouldbeabletotellquicklyifyouneededto10adjustments,correctamistake,orconsidera(n)11ofplans.Don’tletyourtemporary,currentdesirestakeprecedence(優先)overwhatyoureallywant,becauseanimportantpartofsuccessis12whatisandwhatisn’tadistraction.Forexample,asyouare13foryourparty,youseeasellerwithsomefreshflowersandyoudecidetostopand14someforyourfriends.Inthis15,astopalongthewayaddstoyourgoal.16,ifyoudecidetostopandseeamovieandarrivequite17attheparty,thenyouhavedetractedfromyourgoal.ItisexactlytruefortheLifeMap.Each“opportunity”mustbe18accordingtohowthiswill19yourfinalgoal—willthiscontributetoit20willthisdetractfromit?Therefore,boththedrivingmapandtheLifeMapservethesamehighpurpose:tokeepyouontherighttrack.1.A.focuson B.referto C.thinkabout D.adaptto2.A.suddenly B.possibly C.properly D.formally3.A.in B.to C.at D.for4.A.solution B.chance C.result D.excuse5.A.need B.lose C.exist D.matter6.A.excitedly B.unsteadily C.happily D.aimlessly7.A.where B.when C.whether D.why8.A.unusual B.unfamiliar C.unimportant D.unattractive9.A.road B.sky C.car D.map10.A.make B.collect C.show D.choose11.A.explanation B.future C.change D.arrangement12.A.dropping B.avoiding C.catching D.deciding13.A.preparing B.heading C.calling D.fighting14.A.putout B.workon C.pickup D.seeto15.A.time B.system C.area D.case16.A.Thus B.However C.Anywhere D.Still17.A.early B.timely C.fast D.late18.A.expected B.lost C.valued D.evaluated19.A.affect B.combine C.reach D.set20.A.but B.or C.and D.so【答案】1-5BCAAD 6-10DABDA 11-15CDBCD 16-20BDDAB【解析】這是一篇說明文。這篇短文說的是擁有一張人生地圖,可以幫助我們不偏離正軌,快速而正確地朝著目標前進。1.考查動詞詞組。句意:有一張可以參考的人生地圖,可以幫助我們快速而正確地朝著目標前進。A.focuson:集中于;B.referto:提到,涉及到,參考;C.thinkabout:考慮;D.adaptto:使自己適應于。人生地圖是用來做參考的。故選B。2.考查副詞。句意:有一張可以參考的人生地圖,可以幫助我們快速而正確地朝著目標前進。A.suddenly:突然地;B.possibly:很可能地;C.properly:適當地;D.formally:正式地。用人生地圖是為了正確地找到目標。故選C。3.考查介詞。句意:當我們陷入混亂時,它能幫助我們快速訂正,并幫我們找到正確的解決方案來處理突發問題。固定詞組inamess:一片混亂。故選A。4.考查名詞。A.solution:解決方案;B.chance:機會;C.result:結果;D.excuse:借口。人生地圖是為了幫助找到正確的解決方案。故選A。5.考查動詞。句意:但是假如我們沒有地圖,世界上全部的支配就都不重要了。A.need:須要;B.lose:失去;C.exist:存在;D.matter:關鍵,要緊。故選D。6.考查副詞。句意:我們最終會漫無目的地前行,被很多不同的道路分散留意力。A.excitedly:興奮地;B.unsteadily:不穩定地;C.happily:興奮地;D.aimlessly:無目標地。依據第一段中Ithelpsusquicklycorrectthingswhenweare43amess可知選D。7.考查賓語從句。句意:即使你知道你想去哪里,但你沒有試過的話,沒有地圖也不知道如何才能到達那里。此處是where引導的賓語從句。你知道去哪里也要有地圖。故選A。8.考查形容詞。句意:假如你要開車去一個不熟識的地方,首先你要把它在地圖上標出來。A.unusual:不尋常的;B.unfamiliar:不熟識的;C.unimportant:不重要的;D.unattractive:不吸引人的。依據下文fordirectionstomakesurethatyouwereontherighttrack可知去不熟識的地方,要在地圖上標出來,確保走對了路。故選B。9.考查名詞。句意:更有可能的是,你常常查看地圖,以確定自己走對了。A.road:馬路;B.sky:天空;C.car:小汽車;D.map:地圖。依據上文firstlyyouwouldmapitout可知選D。10.考查動詞。句意:這樣的話,你可以很快確定是否須要予以調整、糾偏或者變更原支配。A.make:制造;B.collect:收集;C.show:展示;D.choose:選擇。固定搭配makeadjustments:做出調整。故選A。11.考查名詞。句意:這樣的話,你可以很快確定是否須要予以調整、糾偏或者變更原支配。A.explanation:說明;B.future:將來;C.change:變更;D.arrangement:支配。依據下文Don’tletyourtemporary,currentdesirestakeprecedenceoverwhatyoureallywant可知一旦有錯就要訂正或變更支配。故選C。12.考查動詞。句意:不要讓一時的欲望凌駕于你真正想要的東西之上,因為勝利的重要一步是確定干擾因素。A.dropping:落下;B.avoiding:避開;C.catching:抓住;D.deciding:確定。此處指要做出正確的確定。故選D。13.考查動詞。句意:例如,當去參與聚會時,你看到一個賣鮮花的人,于是確定停下來給你的摯友買一些。A.preparing:打算;B.heading:朝著;C.calling:呼喊;D.fighting:打架,戰斗。固定搭配headfor:前往,朝……方向。故選B。14.考查動詞詞組。句意:例如,當去參與聚會時,你看到一個賣鮮花的人,于是確定停下來給你的摯友買一些。A.putout:熄滅,出版;B.workon:接著工作;C.pickup:撿起,獲得,買便宜貨;D.seeto:留意,負責。此處pickup的意思是買。故選C。15.考查名詞。句意:在這種狀況下,中途停車成了你的目標之一。A.time:時間;B.system:制度,系統;C.area:地區;D.case:狀況,實例。固定詞組inthiscase:在這種狀況下。故選D。16.考查副詞。句意:然而,假如你確定停下來看電影,結果在派對上遲到,那么你就偏離了你的目標。A.Thus:因此;B.However:然而;C.Anywhere:在任何地方;D.Still:仍舊。前后是一種轉折關系,故選B。17.考查副詞。句意:然而,假如你確定停下來看電影,結果在派對上遲到,那么你就偏離了你的目標。A.early:提早;B.timely:剛好地;C.fast:快速地;D.late:遲,晚。此處指派對遲到,選D。18.考查動詞。句意:對于出現的每個“機會”,都必需評估它對你最終目標的影響。它是有助于實現目標,還是會使你偏離原有目標呢?A.expected:期盼,預料;B.lost:丟失,失去;C.valued:重視;D.evaluated:評估。此處指評估目標。故選D。19.考查動詞。句意:對于出現的每個“機會”,都必需評估它對你最終目標的影響。它是有助于實現目標,還是會使你偏離原有目標呢?A.affect:影響;B.combine:使結合;C.reach:到達,伸出;D.set:放,設置。依據常識,每個機會都會影響最終的目標。故選A。20.考查并列連詞。句意:對于出現的每個“機會”,都必需評估它對你最終目標的影響。它是有助于實現目標,還是會使你偏離原有目標呢?A.but:但是;B.or:或者,否則;C.and:和;D.so:所以。此處表示選擇關系“或者”。故選B。Passage2Aresearchshowstwo-thirdsofhumanconversationistakenupnotwithdiscussionofaculturalorpoliticalissue,notheateddebatesaboutafilmorabook,butplainandsimple21.Languageisourgreatesttreasureandwhatdowe22dowithit?Wegossip(閑聊)aboutothers’behaviorandprivatelives;howtodealwithdifficult23situationsinvolvingchildren,lovers,andcolleagues.Sowhyarewekeenongossiping?Arewejustnatural24ofbothtimeandwords?Ordowetalkalotabout25inparticularsimplytoavoidfacinguptothereallyimportantissuesoflife?It’snotthecaseaccordingtoProfessorRobinDunbar,whosaysgossipisoneofthesereally26issues.Dunbar27thetraditionalviewthatlanguagewasdevelopedbythemenattheearlystageofsocialdevelopmentinordertoorganizetheirmanlyhuntingactivitiesmoreeffectively.28,hesuggeststhatlanguageevolvedamongwomen.“Wedon’tspendtwo-thirdsofourtimegossipingjust29wecantalk,”arguesDunbar,“30,”hegoesontosay,“languageevolvedspecificallytoallowustogossip.”Dunbararrivedathischeerytheorybystudyingthe31ofthehigherprimates(靈長類動物)likemonkeys.Bymeansofgroomingleaningthefurbybrushingitmonkeysformgroupswithotherindividualsonwhomtheycanrelyforsupport32somekindofconflictwithinthegroupor33fromoutsideit.Aswehumanbeingsevolvefrominaparticularbranchoftheprimatefamily,Dunbar34thatatonetimeinourhistorywedidmuchthesame.35togethermadesensebecausethebiggerthegroupthegreaterthe36itprovided,ontheotherhand,thebiggerthegroup,thegreaterthe37oflivingclosetoothers.Groominghelpedtoeasethepressureandcalmeverybodydown.Butasthegroupsgotbiggerandbigger,theamountoftimespentingroomingactivitiesalsohadtobe38tomaintainitseffectiveness.Clearly,amore39kindofgroomingwasneeded,andthuslanguageevolvedasakindofvocalgroomingwhichallowedhumanstodeveloprelationshipwithever-largergroupsbyexchanginginformationoverawidernetworkofindividualsthanwouldbepossiblebyone-to-one40contact.21.A.claim B.description C.gossip D.language22.A.occasionally B.habitually C.independently D.originally23.A.social B.political C.historical D.cultural24.A.admirers B.masters C.consumers D.wasters25.A.everything B.something C.anything D.nothing26.A.vital B.sensitive C.ideal D.difficult27.A.confirms B.rejects C.outlines D.broadens28.A.Still B.Besides C.Therefore D.Instead29.A.because B.until C.unless D.as30.A.forinstance B.inaddition C.onthecontrary D.asaresult31.A.motivation B.appearance C.emotion D.behavior32.A.intermsof B.infavorof C.inthewakeof D.intheeventof33.A.attack B.contact C.inspection D.assistance34.A.recalls B.denies C.concludes D.acknowledges35.A.Communicating B.Grouping C.Migrating D.Swinging36.A.prospect B.responsibility C.leadership D.protection37.A.stresses B.benefits C.barriers D.conveniences38.A.reduced B.extended C.consumed D.wasted39.A.common B.efficient C.scientific D.thoughtful40.A.indirect B.daily C.physical D.confidential【答案】21-25CBADD 26-30ABDAC 31-35DDACB 36-40DABBC【解析】本文是一篇說明文。探討表明人們的語言中大部分不是重大的話題探討和探討,而是很多閑言碎語,這些閑言碎語是不是奢侈時間呢?RobinDunbar教授認為閑言碎語是特別重要的,在人類發展過程中屬于特別重要的溝通形式。21.考查名詞。句意:一項探討表明,三分之二的人類對話不是關于文化或政治問題的探討,也不是關于一部電影或一本書的激烈辯論,而是簡潔明白的閑聊。A.claim:宣稱;B.description:描述;C.gossip:閑談;D.language:語言。依據Wegossipaboutothers’behaviorandprivatelives及下文多次出現gossip這個詞可知,人類的對話大多數是閑聊。故選C。22.考查副詞。A.occasionally:偶然地;B.habitually:習慣地;C.independently:獨立地;D.originally:最初地。依據前句Languageisourgreatesttreasure可知此處是說:語言是我們最珍貴的財寶,我們習慣怎么運用它呢?故選B。2

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